expectations and limitations of kepler ground-based follow-up observations joanna molenda-Żakowicz...
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Expectations and Limitations of Kepler Ground-Based Follow-Up Observations
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz
Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Astronomiczny
ul. Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wrocław
POLAND
March 6, 2009 – launch of the Kepler spacecraft
The Kepler photometer being lowered onto spacecraft.
The aim of the Kepler mission: find out how many stars in the Milky Way can harbour potentially habitable Earth-size planets.
Habitable zones at stars of different temperatures.
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
•Field of View: continuously viewable; rich in stars similar to our Sun
•One broad-band filter
•Photometric precision: several ppm
•Mission extended through 2016
74 confirmed planets and 2321 candidates
160 planets in habitable zone
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
Behind each planet, there is a star!
Batalha et al. 2011, ApJ 729, 27
Star:Mass: 0.9 M±0.06 M⊙
Radius: 1.06±0.02 R⊙
Surface gravity: 4.3±0.01 dexLuminosity: 1.004 ± 0.059 L⊙
Kepler 10b – the first Kepler rocky planet
Planet: Orbital period: 0.84 d Radius: 1.42±0.03 R⊕
Mass: 4.6±1.2 M⊕
Mean density: 8.8±2.5 g/cm3 Mean temperature: 1,800 K
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
Asteroseismic determination of mass
e.g., Chaplin et al. 2011 ApJ, 732, 54
Evolutionary sequence of 1M⊙star:Silva Aguirre et al. 2011 ApJL 740, L2
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
Red Clump stars and ultra-cool dwarfs
Mass of stars near the RC of NGC 6791 and NGC 6819:Corsaro et al. 2012 arXiv1205.4023
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
Greiss et al. 2012, AJ 144, 24
•Spectral type M7 and later: very low-mass stars as well as brown dwarfs.
•9 very low-mass dwarfs are actually being monitored by Kepler (Martin et al. 2011, AAS Meeting #220, #419.06)
•Kepler Guest Observers Program: 'The Kepler View on Activity, Binarity, Habitability and Weather in Late-M and L Dwarfs' (P.I.: Eduardo Martin;)
Our precise methods of deriving atmospheric parameters are not particularly accurate...
Kepler Input Catalog was designedto separate dwarfs from giantsat T
eff ~6,000 K
Differences between atmospheric parameters in the KIC and those derived from ground-based spectroscopy
Molenda-Żakowicz et al. 2010, AN 331, P26 Bruntt et al. 2012, MNRAS 423, 122 Thygesen et al. 2012, A&A 543, 160
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
Differences between atmospheric parameters in the KIC and those derived from ground-based spectroscopy
McNamara et al. 2012, AJ 143, 101
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
Yang X., Fu J.N., et al., in preparation
Differences between atmospheric parameters in the KIC and those derived from ground-based photometry
Pinsonneault et al. 2012, ApJS 199, 30
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
Differences between atmospheric parameters derived from ground-based photometry
and from spectroscopy
Pinsonneault et al. 2012, ApJS 199, 30; Tygesen et al. 2012, A&A 543, 160Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
5
Molenda-Żakowicz, Sousa, et al.,in preparation
Differences between atmospheric parameters derived by different methods from the same ground-based data
Metcalfe et al. 2010, ApJ 723, 1583
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, ChinaCreevey et al. 2012 A&A 537A, 111
Molenda-Żakowicz, Sousa, et al.,in preparation
•Spectroscopic: ROTFIT, ULySS, ARES, VWA, MOOG, SYNSPEC
•Photometric: IRFM, various photometric calibrations for different sets of filters, SED
Why different methods of the data analysis produce significantly different results?
Casagrande et al. 2010, A&A 512, A54Fröhlich et al. 2012, A&A 543, A146
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
How important is the interstellar extinction?Camelot@IAC80 Observatory of Izaña, Tenerife, Spain; WFC@INT Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain – Katrien Uytterhoeven (P.I.), Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, et al.
WFC@INT Bill Chaplin and Andrea Miglio (Birmingham, UK), Victor Silva Aguirre (Aarhus, DK) Chris Flynn (Tuorla, FIN) Sofia Feltzing (Lund, S) Antonino Milone (IAC, E) Simon Hodgkin at (IoA/Casu, UK), Martin Asplund and Luca Casagrande (ANU/Stromlo, AU)
Pointings done in June 2012
Molenda-Żakowicz et al.(2009) AcA 59, 213
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, ChinaThe telescope needs to be closed when the limit 0.025 is reached.(plot made by STELLA http://stella.aip.de/stella/status/status.php)
Calima in 2012
Why is it always the fainter stars that are so interesting? (Katrien Uytterhoeven)
Pinsonneault et al. 2012, ApJS 199, 30 Yang X., Fu J.N., et al., in preparation Pinsonneault et al. 2012, ApJS 199, 30
over 160,000 stars over 160,000 starsaround 3,400 stars
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
The future is BRITE
BRITE-Constellation, short for “BRIght Target Explorer - Constellation,” is a group of six seven-kilogram nanosatellites from Poland, Austria, and Canada.
Purpose: photometrically measure low-level oscillations and temperature variations in stars brighter than visual magnitude 4.0 (and fainter than 7.0)
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China
The future is BRITE
'While there are more than a dozen telescopes larger than 6.5 meters there is plenty of interesting astronomy which can be done with much smaller instruments.'
Bohdan Paczyński'Astronomy with small telescopes'
Joanna Molenda-Żakowicz, IAU GA, 20-31 August 2012, Beijing, China