expansion and migration by the 1840’s. boone and exploration daniel boone explored kentucky and...
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Expansion and Migration Expansion and Migration by the 1840’sby the 1840’s
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Boone and ExplorationBoone and Exploration
• Daniel Boone explored Kentucky and helped Americans get to the West more easily
-He served in the Kentucky legislature and helped explore Missouri
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Getting BiggerGetting Bigger
• Americans were moving and growing, with many going west of the Appalachian Mountains
-In 1780, there were 2.7 million Americans; by 1830, there were 12 million
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Mexico Welcomes US CitizensMexico Welcomes US Citizens
• Many US citizens wanted to live in Texas, which was a part of Mexico-Mexico had won its independence from Spain in 1821-Mexico wanted to increase the non-Tejano population, so it offered cheap land without taxes Mexico hired empresarios to recruit Americans that would become loyal Mexicans
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People in MexicoPeople in Mexico
• Tejanos: Natives living in Texas that were discriminated against.
• empresarios: People who agreed to attract and take care of the new Mexican settlers.-They were given large land grants, which they were to divide and sell to “Texicans”-Moses and Stephen Austin were the first empresarios from the US; they founded Texas in 1822
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Changing Their MindsChanging Their Minds
• Because too many Americans immigrated to Texas, Mexico decided to close the borders and stop the importation of slaves in 1829
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Santa Anna RisesSanta Anna Rises
• General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was elected president of Mexico in 1833, but he soon declared himself to be a dictator-Stephen Austin was sent to jail after the election, but was released in 1834…he predicted a war
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Earning an Independent TexasEarning an Independent Texas
• Texas Revolution: Successful revolution by Texans against Mexico from 1835-1836.
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Texas HeroTexas Hero
• Sam Houston was the leader of Texan forces during the revolution-He had fought under Jackson during the War of 1812, and was once governor of Tennessee-He became the only president of Texas
• Houston had rebels seize control of San Antonio in 1835; they set a fort at the Alamo, a mission
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The AlamoThe Alamo
• Battle of the Alamo: Successful thirteen day siege by Mexico from February – March 1836.-Santa Anna personally led the Mexican troops against 189 Texans, who were led by William Travis, Jim Bowie, and David Crockett-Women, children, and slaves hid inside the mission, and were spared by the Mexicans-The Texan loss led to the famous rallying cry, “Remember the Alamo!”
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Defender: TravisDefender: Travis
• William Travis, the disliked, unofficial leader of the Texans, died early at the Alamo
-According to legend, he drew a line in the sand with his sword and said that all those who wanted to leave could cross...but almost everybody stayed (William Rose left)
-He sent Juan Seguin to get reinforcements, but help did not arrive in time
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Defender: BowieDefender: Bowie
• Beloved frontiersman Jim Bowie, known for the invention of the Bowie knife, had pneumonia and was killed in his bed by Mexican soldiers, despite his efforts to fight them off
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Defender: CrockettDefender: Crockett
• David Crockett, the famous frontiersman and former congressman from Tennessee, was captured during the battle and executed after it-He was highly respected by the men at the Alamo and was the subject of many tall tales
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From Bad to WorseFrom Bad to Worse
• Weeks after the Battle of the Alamo, Mexico claimed another victory at Goliad-400 survivors were executed on Santa Anna’s orders, hurting Texan morale-Francita Alavez saved some Texans and became known as the “Angel of Goliad”
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A New HopeA New Hope
• Sam Houston surprised Santa Anna’s troops at the San Jacinto River
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Texan Victory!Texan Victory!
• Battle of San Jacinto: Victory for the Texans in April 1836 that ended the Texas Revolution.
-Santa Anna was defeated in only fifteen minutes, and was forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco
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Never Give UpNever Give Up
• Mexico did not recognize the Treaty of Velasco because of the circumstances in which Santa Anna signed it; Santa Anna lost his dictatorship because of it
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Republic of TexasRepublic of Texas
• Texas remained an independent country until 1845 because the US would not annex it-The Texas Rangers were created to enforce the law and protect the republic from Santa Anna, who regained power in 1839 and resumed the fight against Texas
• Tejanos were still treated poorly, despite fighting alongside the Texans in the revolution
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The Issue of OregonThe Issue of Oregon
• The US and Britain had shared Oregon since the Convention of 1818, but in 1846, President James K. Polk faced American demands of “Fifty-four forty or fight!”
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Oregon: SolutionOregon: Solution
-The land was important to both countries because of the fur trade
-The two countries agreed to split the region at the 49th Parallel and avoided a war
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The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail
• The Oregon Trail began for pioneers in Independence, Missouri-The threats included harsh environments, belligerent natives, and equipment problems-Some friendly native groups helped settlers by serving as guides and trading partners
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Creation of the MormonsCreation of the Mormons
• The Mormons were founded by Joseph Smith in New York City in 1830; their religious views, including polygamy, made them unpopular in US society-Smith claimed that he had divine help in translating scripture on golden plates
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The Mormons Move WestThe Mormons Move West
• Smith was murdered by a mob in Illinois in 1844
-Brigham Young led the Mormons across the Rocky Mountains and to the Great Salt Lake