expanding the frontiers of space astronomy
TRANSCRIPT
EXPANDING THE FRONTIERS OF S PACE AS TRONOMY
The James Webb Space Telescope
Massimo Stiavelli
July 22nd, 2019
Plan of the talk
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Observing plans and opportunities
• JWST status
Plan of the talk
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Observing plans and opportunities
• JWST status
We need a newer and bigger telescope
JWST is an international collaboration between NASA, ESA and CSA
What will JWST do after it’s launched?
Attempt to find and characterize Earthlike planets in the Habitable zone
HST UDF
Simulated JWST Image
Summary of JWST instrument capabilities
jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation
Spectroscopy and JWST
JWST has many spectroscopic capabilities:
• NIRSpec supports MOS, IFUs, and single slit spectroscopy
• NIRcam supports slitless spectroscopy
• NIRISS support slitless spectroscopy and single object slit spectroscopy
• MIRI supports IFU spectroscopy and low-res slit spectroscopy
Near Infrared Camera – NIRCam (US)NIRCam Capabilities2 channel imager from λ = 0.6 to 5.0 microns, get λ < 2.5 & λ > 2.5 micron
simultaneously
Nyquist sampling of diffraction limit at 2 microns (0.032”/pixel) and 4 microns
(0.065”/pixel)
2.2’ x 4.4’ field of view
Short and long wavelength coronagraphy
Slitless spectroscopy for λ = 2.4 – 5.0 micron
Check NIRCam pocket guide: jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation/nircam
Near Infrared Spectrometer – NIRSpec (ESA)
NIRSpec CapabilitiesNear Infrared wavelength coverage of λ = 0.6 to 5.0 micronsThree different spectral resolutions of R = 100, 1000, and 2700Modes: Single Slit Spectroscopy (slits with 0.4” x 3.8”, 0.2” x 3.3”, 1.6” x 1.6”)
Integral Field Unit (3.0” x 3.0”)Multi Object Spectroscopy (3.4’ x 3.4’ with 250,000 - 0.2” x 0.5” microshutters)
Check NIRSpec pocket guide: jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation/nirspec
NIRSpec enables multi-object spectroscopy
248,000 microshutters!
Mid Infrared Instrument – MIRI (US-EC)
MIRI CapabilitiesHigh resolution imager with sensitivity from λ = 5 to 28 microns, 10 broad-band filtersλ = 5.0 to 28.3 microns with 0.11” pixels1.23’ x 1.88’ field of view Coronagraphy at 10.65, 11.4, 15.5, and 23 microns (24” to 30” field of view)Integral Field Unit with R = 2200 to 3500, at 4 wavelengths (image slices 0.18” to 0.64”)Single Slit Spectroscopy from 5.0 to ~14 microns in 0.6 x 5.5” slit (R ~ 100 at 7.5 microns)
Check MIRI pocket guide: jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation/miri
Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph – NIRISS (CSA)
NIRISS Capabilities
Imaging - λ = 0.9 to 5.0 microns over a 2.2’ x 2.2’ field of view with 0.065” pixelsWide Field Slitless Spectroscopy - λ = 1.0 to 2.5 microns at R ~ 150Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy - λ = 0.6 to 2.5 microns at R ~ 700Aperture Mask Interferometry - λ = 3.8 to 4.8 microns, enabled by non-redundant mask
Check NIRISS pocket guide: jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation/niriss
JWST Point Source Sensitivity
Data cube-based ETC available on the web
Plan of the talk
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Observing plans and opportunities
• JWST status
16
7/27-8/7/2020
GO Cy1 TAC
Commissioning
(L+6 mo.)
(L+6)
Cycle 1 obs. begin
JWST Science Planning Timeline (July 2019)
2018 2019 2020
5/1/2020
GO Cy1
prop. due
L+11
GO Cy2 Call
2021
Cycles 1 & 2 Call for Proposals
6/25/2019
GTO and ERS Cy1 APT
files submitted
DD ERS observations
2022
L+9
GTO Cycle 2 deadline
1/23/2020
GO Call re-opened
L+13
GO Cy2 deadline
L+15
GO Cy2 TAC
• Astronomer’s proposal tool (APT)
• Exposure time calculator (ETC)
• Quantitatively validated with instrument teams
• Runs on Amazon Web Services to guarantee scalability and adequate CPU resources
• Calibration pipelines
• More sophisticated than those on HST after 25 years in operations
• New JWST Help Desk portal
• Web-based, includes comprehensive documentation search and user forum.
• User documentation (JDOX)
• Wikipedia-style integrated web documentation
• Data analysis tools
• Many new applications, including spectroscopic viewer, multi-object and IFU tools
• Written in Python and integrated with Astropy
• Data simulators
• STIPS imaging simulator to be released
JDOX
JWST ETC
JWST User Tools
Plan of the talk
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Observing plans and opportunities
• JWST status
James Webb Space Telescope status
We have three months of schedule reserve to a launch date at the end of March 2021
James Webb Space Telescope status
Technical progress
OTIS completed cryovac testing at JSC
ISIM backside at NGAS : a radiator deployment test
Aft sunshield UPS deployment
Preparations for sunshield deployment test
Diving board inspections
James Webb Space Telescope status
James Webb Space Telescope status
Flight control room during the Ground Segment test 2
JWST is still planned for a March 2021 Launch
Conclusions
• JWST is now planned for launch in 2021
• The instruments and optics (ISIM) have completed and passed their final test.
• There are no know technical issues. Aside for the complexity of the observatory and its consequent vulnerability to human errors.
Lessons learned from JWST, HST/ACS, HST/WFC3, VLT
• Design and planning• Reuse with modifications doesn’t exist
• Reserves are important (time and money)• Any dollar not spent when needed, will cost 2-3 dollars in the future
• Materials are cheap, people are not – e.g. WFC3 pins• How does your mission cost compare to its weight in gold?
• Simplicity and common sense – e.g. ACS camera head, WFC3 UVIS channel
• When complexity is unavoidable• focus on interfaces and clear communications
• Lots of simple things put together are complex
• Develop a design reference mission
Lessons learned from JWST, HST/ACS, HST/WFC3, etc
• Implementation• Hard parts are hard but simple things are also hard - e.g. thrusters
• It pays to have a system scientist i.e. the science analog of a system engineer, who worries about beginning to end science flow – e.g. VLT “Porsche” manager, LEP
• Balance between descopes and new requirements• System engineers can use the design reference mission to guide choices, assess mechanism
lifetime etc.
• When in doubt, document it
E X P A N D I N G T H E F R O N T I E R S O F S P A C E A S T R O N O M Y