exothermic vs. endothermic. decomposition of nitrogen triiodide 2 ni 3 (s) n 2 (g) + 3 i 2 (g) ni 3...
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Decomposition of Nitrogen Triiodide
2 NI3(s) N2(g) + 3 I2(g)
NI3 I2
N2
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Exothermic ReactionReactants Products + Energy 10 energy = 8 energy + 2 energy
Reactants
Products
-H
Ene
rgy
Energy of reactants
Energy of products
Reaction Progress
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Endothermic ReactionEnergy + Reactants Products
+H Endothermic
Reaction progress
Ene
rgy
Reactants
ProductsActivation Energy
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Effect of Catalyst on Reaction Rate
reactants
products
Ene
rgy
activation energy for catalyzed reaction
Reaction Progress
No catalyst
Catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction.What is a catalyst? What does it do during a chemical reaction?
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An Energy Diagram
activationenergyEa
reactants
products
course of reaction
ener
gy
Animation by Raymond ChangAll rights reserved
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Formation of a solid AgCl
AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) KNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s)
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Single and Double Replacement Reactions
Double-replacement reaction
CaCO3 + 2 HCl CaCl2 + H2CO3
General form: AB + CD AD + CB
Single-replacement reaction
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
General form: A + BC AC + B
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Single displacement is a type of a reaction when a metal reacts with a compound containing a metal, where the single metal in the reaction is more reactive replaces the less reactive metal in the compound.
Single-replacement reaction
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
General form: A + BC AC + B
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DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS: In a double displacement reaction (ionic reaction) the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.
Double-replacement reaction
CaCO3 + 2 HCl CaCl2 + H2CO3
General form: AB + CD AD + CB
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Double Replacement Reaction
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Synthesis Reactions - when two compounds or elements combine to make one molecule or compound. A+ B --> AB 2 H2 + O2 -------> 2 H2O
Decomposition Reactions - a compound or molecule breaks down into simpler elements or compounds AB - -> A + B CO2 ------> C + O2
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Important Chemical Reactions
Oxidation ReactionsReactant + Oxygen -------> Products
Oxidation reactions are fundamental to our existence
Definition: A chemical change involving oxygen
Oxidation reactions can occur more rapidly in the presence of humidity in the air, or in the presence of light
GALVINIZATION – coating iron materials with zinc to prevent the formation of rust.
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Combustion Combustion – Form of oxidation that releases a large
amount of energy (HIGHLY EXOTHERMIC).
Three requirements for a combustion: Fuel – reacts with oxidizing agent to release energy Oxidizing agent – substance that causes a fuel to react
(usually oxygen) Ignition temperature – the required temperature needed to
combust the fuel
Three types of combustions: Rapid – Release a lot of energy in a short period of time Spontaneous – Fuel ignites without the need for outside
energy Slow – Occurs of long period of time
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A Combustion reaction usually looks like: Fuel + oxygen ------> CO2 + H2O + Energy
CH4 + O2 -------> CO2 + H2O
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Other important Chemical Reactions ...
Cellular Respiration Glucose + Oxygen -----> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Photosynthesis Light + Carbon Dioxide + Water-----> Oxygen + Glucose