Celente French

VPEK 875

Module 1

Dr.E. Du Plessis

1. Analysis of assumptions and approaches

within the psycho-analytical approach.

2. Relating this theoretical framework in

advanced psychiatric nursing science by

arguing how this theory influences advanced

psychiatric nursing science.

3. Identification of concepts and relevant

terminology in psychiatric nursing science

and synthesizing these concepts in order to

develop a conceptual framework for

advanced psychiatric nursing.

Born 8 January 1902 in

Chicago.

One of 6 children.

Studied Theology, then moved

to psychology.

Abandoned Christianity and the

Church when he decided to

follow psychology, according to

Thorne & Sanders (2013) this

may be related to the fact that

Rogers was brought up in a

home where Religion was a

very large, important aspect of

the family’s lives.

Rogers was very sick as a child

and was seen by the family as

the one that always needs

extra care.

Person centered theory

Self concept seen as most important part of

personality.

Congruence & Incongruence

Subjective experiences are more important

than objective reality when it comes to

personality.

Inspired

by

Maslow’s

hierarchy

of needs.

According to Weiten (2010:509) Rogers developed the human potential movement, the focus of this movement is on self-realization through sensitivity training aimed at enhancing growth.

Rogers called the gap between self-concept and reality incongruence.

Conditional and unconditional love from parents unconditional love fosters congruence, conditional love fosters incongruence.

Experiences that threaten personal views cause anxiety. The more inaccurate self-concept is, he larger amount of anxiety one will perceive when feeling threatened (Weiten, 2010:509)

Belief that

affection from

others is

unconditional.

Need to

distort

shortcomings

in order to

feel worthy of

affection.

Relatively

incongruent

self-concept

Recurrent

anxiety

Defensive

behavior

protects

inaccurate

self-concept.

Can assist nurses is gaining and assessing self awareness

and personal growth.

Nurses have been following client centered, non-directive

approach for years as established by Rogers.

According to Brooks & Clarke (2011) Rogers stated that there

are three conditions for effective patient based therapy.

1. Genuineness where nurses have an open relationship with

patients with mutual respect and understanding.

2. Unconditional regard and acceptance in a non-judgmental

manner.

3. Empathy where the nurse shows insight and

understanding into the patient’s situation.

This applies to nursing in general not just psychiatric nursing.

phenomenological and existentialist

unique human issues, such as the self, self-

actualization, health, hope, love, creativity,

nature, being, becoming, individuality, and

meaning—that is, a concrete understanding

of human existence.

Person centered approach.

Belief that an individual has the ability to

understand themselves and challenge

themselves toward attitude and behaviors.

(actualizing tendency)

Believes that counseling can enable the

patient to become what they are capable of.

Helps the psychiatric nurse to determine what

the patient thinks about themselves, and what

they are capable of-goal orientated.

Assists nurses in basic skills needed for

effective counseling, but also with skills to be

a nurse. Caring, understanding, non-

judgmental, honest, genuine, open.

“the organized consistent conceptual gestalt composed of perceptions of the characteristics of 'I' or 'me' and the perceptions of the relationships of the 'I' or 'me' to others and to various aspects of life, together with the values attached to these perceptions. It is a gestalt which is available to awareness though not necessarily in awareness. It is a fluid and changing gestalt, a process, but at any given moment it is a specific entity.”(Rogers, 1959)[

incongruence :refers to the discrepancy between the self-concept and

reality.

Congruence: fairly accurate match between the self-concept and reality.

Self actualization

Organismic self

phenomenal field

Our subjective reality, all that we are aware of, including objects and

people, and our behaviour, thoughts, images, and ideas.

holistic

Relating to the whole instead of a separation into parts.

Humanistic

BROOKS, A. & CLARKE, L. 2011. Combining client-centred therapy with attribution theory. Mental health practice, 14(9):34-37. http://www.google.co.za/webhp?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8 Date of access: 2/3/14

Dobbins, M., Ciliska, D., Coskerill, R., Barnsley, J., Dicenso, A. 2002. a framework for the disemmination and utilization of research forhealth-care policy and practice.

Weiten, W. 2012. Psychology: Themes and Variations: Themes and Variations. Electronic book. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=sILajOhJpOsC&pg=PT555&dq=carl+rogers+humanistic+theory&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fDQVU8ThOIm3hQf2tIGYBQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=carl%20rogers%20humanistic%20theory&f=false . Date of access: 1/3/2014

Thorne & Sanders. 2013. Key figures in counseling and therapy Carl Rogers. 3rd ed. London. SAGE publications. Electronic book. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=NuE2zkBxGX8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=carl+rogers+humanistic+theory&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WUkVU_mWJ5OThQf23oCQBA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=carl%20rogers%20humanistic%20theory&f=false Date of access: 1/3/14

Townsend, C. 2012. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice. Philadelphia. F. A. Davis company. http://books.google.co.za/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fXj2AAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=psychiatric+nursing+and+freud&ots=Ym1STYCXp3&sig=NoG1phnRHkfXl0IXylU3Sq5gsPs#v=onepage&q=psychiatric%20nursing%20and%20freud&f=false

Date of access: 28/2/2014