existence of a unique solution let the coefficient functions and g(x) be continuous on an interval i...
DESCRIPTION
Superposition Principle— Homogeneous Equations Let be solutions of the homogeneous nth-order differential equation on an interval I. Then the linear combination where the coefficients are arbitrary constants, is also a solution on the interval.TRANSCRIPT
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Existence of a Unique Solution
Let the coefficient functions and g(x) be continuous on an interval I and let the leading coefficient function not equal 0 for every x in I. If x is any point in this interval, then a solution y(x) of the initial-value problem exists on the interval and is unique.
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Homogeneous EquationsNonhomogeneous Equations
1
1 1 01
1
1 1 01
( ) ( ) .......... ( ) 0
( ) ( ) .......... ( ) ( )
n n
n nn n
n n
n nn n
d y d y dya x a x a a x ydx dx dx
d y d y dya x a x a a x y g xdx dx dx
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Superposition Principle—Homogeneous Equations
Let be solutions of the homogeneous nth-order differential equation on an interval I. Then the linear combination
where the coefficients are arbitrary constants, is also a solution on the interval.
1 2, , ...... ky y y
1 1 2 2( ) ( ) ....... ( )k ky c y x c y x c y x
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Corollaries
• A constant multiple of a solution of a homogeneous linear differential equation is also a solution.
• A homogeneous linear differential equation always possesses the trivial solution .
1 1( )y c y x
0y
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Linear Dependence/Independence
A set of functions is said to be linearly dependent on an interval I if there exist constants , not all zero, such that for every x in the interval. If the set of functions is not linearly dependent on the interval, it is said to be linearly independent.
1 2( ), ( ), ....... ( )nf x f x f x
1 2, ,....... nc c c1 1 2 2( ) ( ) ...... ( ) 0n nc f x c f x c f x
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Criterion for Linearly Independent Solutions
Let be n solutions of the homogeneous linear nth-order differential equation on an interval I. Then the set of solutions is linearly independent on I if and only if for every x in the interval.
1 2, ,......, ny y y
1 2( , ,....., ) 0nW y y y
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Fundamental Set of Solutions
Let set of n linearly independent solutions of the homogeneous linear nth-order differential equation on an interval I is said to be a fundamental set of solutions on the interval.
There exists a fundamental set of solutions for the homogeneous linear nth-order DE on an interval I.
1 2, ,......., ny y y
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General Solution-Homogeneous Equation
Let be a fundamental set of solutions of the homogeneous linear nth-order differential equation on an interval I. Then the general solution of the equation on the interval is
where the coefficients are arbitrary constants.
1 2, ,......., ny y y
1 1 2 2( ) ( ) ....... ( )n ny c y x c y x c y x