Exhibition Dates 6-9 December

EXHIBITOR PROSPECTUS

Welcome Back!

AGU Fall Meeting Returns to

San Francisco……bringing together researchers, students, and consultants to review the latest issues and studies of the Earth, the planets, and their environment in space. Join companies, publishers, government agencies, educational institutions, research facilities, scientific societies, and others who will be exhibiting the latest in geophysical instruments, equipment, software, books and journals, minerals, fossils, and scientific programs at the meeting.

More Than

EXHIBITION DATES:6-9 December 2011 (A 3 ½ Day Exposition)

MEETING DATES:5-9 December

LOcATION:Moscone center West, Exhibition Hall, Level One

HOURS:Exhibit Hours:Setup: Monday, 5 December 0800h–1800h Exhibition Opens: Tuesday, 6 December

Hours of Operation:Tuesday–Thursday, 6-8 December - 0930h–1800hFriday, 9 December - 0930h–1330h

Dismantle: Friday, 9 December - 1330h–1900h Note: Booths will be inspected at 1530h on 5 December. Please make sure your booth is within the exhibit hall and Fire Marshall policies.

19,000 Attendees Expected

• Interactive selling environment with over19,000 attendees.

• Meet current and emerging customer needs.

• Introduce features and benefi ts of your products and services.

• Recruit students for your university/college.

• Explore national and international business opportunities.

• Share–your scientifi c knowledge–and personal enthusiasm while networking with all scientifi c disciplines.

After a Day at the conference,Relax and Enjoy the Bay Area…

• Travel by century old cable cars through fascinating neighborhoods to the landmark Fisherman’s Wharf.

• Visit Alcatraz, once the country’s toughest maximum security prison and now a national park.

• Take a leisurely stroll through Golden Gate Park, with its Japanese tea garden, ocean beach, and barking sea lions, or do some serious shopping in Union Square, just four blocks from the Moscone Center.

• Enjoy the Bay Area’s many attractions: The Golden Gate Bridge, Lombard Street, Chinatown, Ghirardelli Square, Coit Tower, and Muir Woods.

• Wait, there is more… Something for everyone: grand opera and honky tonk, dim sum and fettuccine, cappuccino and steam beer, stunning vistas and cozy fi resides, and living history and livelier nights and wine country are all located in this one can’t miss destination!

Exhibit at the LARGEST Worldwide conference in the Geophysical SciencesWhile Enjoying a Short but Exciting Vacation in San Francisco…city by the Bay

Enhance your organization’s marketing power…

Exhibit Space Pricing and Specifications:

Dimensions: 10’ × 10’ (8’ × 10’ for Academic Showcase)

Exhibit booth assignments space reservations will be based on the AGU Priority Point System. All exhibitor contracts must be accompanied by the required 50% deposit of booth space rented. AGU reserves the right to modify the exhibit floor plan and make the final determination on booth assignments.

To see the most up-to-date floor plan, please visit http://sites.agu.org/fallmeeting/exhibitors.

Rates:

Premium: ........................................$2250 (10´ × 10´)

Standard: ...................................... $2000 (10´ × 10´)

Government Agencies: ....................$1200 (10’ × 10’)

(limit one booth) related to the Earth and space sciences, not-for-profit consortiums of educational and research institutions, not-for-profit research institutions, and not-for-profit publishers.

Special Rate: ..........................$600 (limit one booth)

Special rate is for scientific and engineering open-membership societies and teaching components of degree-granting institutions. AGU will choose the booth location for special rate booths.

Each qualified exhibitor is allowed one space at the applicable discount. Any additional exhibit booths may be purchased at the premium or standard rate. There will be a limited number of discounted booths available.

Academic Showcase

(Located in Moscone South, next to the poster area. Booth size – 8’ × 10’)

Hours of operation are 0900 h to 1800 h, Monday through Friday.

Let the Academic Showcase provide your department with a valuable opportunity to meet prospective students and highlight your academic offerings. The cost for an Academic Showcase booth ($600) includes carpet, two chairs, and one 6-foot table.

Exhibitor Eligibility

• Exhibits must be related to the scientific interests of AGU’s membership. AGU reserves the right to determine the eligibility of any company applying for exhibit space at this meeting.

• Lease of an exhibit space to an exhibitor does not constitute endorsement of the exhibitor’s products or services by AGU.

• No advertising material used by the exhibitor may contain the AGU logo or 2011 Fall Meeting logo unless given written permission from AGU, nor may it bear any reference to a real or implied endorsement by AGU.

As an Exhibitor, You Get…

• Two complimentary exhibit badges per 10’ x 10’ booth. Additional exhibit badges can be purchased through Exhibit Registration. If more than one booth is purchased, two badges per company will provide full access to scientific sessions. All other badges are for Exhibit Hall Only access. (Presenters of papers or posters do not qualify for any type of exhibitor badge.)

• One 7” × 44” identification header sign

• 8´ high draped backdrop and 3´ high draped side rails

• Listing (with description) in the Meeting Program and on the AGU Web site

• Morning/afternoon refreshment breaks in and outside the exhibit hall

• Invitation to Fall Meeting Welcoming Reception (Sunday night)

• Exhibitor lounge for exhibitors to relax, check e-mails, etc. (light refreshments)

• An exhibitor reception - network with new and return exhibitors (light refreshments)

• Marketing opportunities through advertising

• Limited number of exhibit hall and sessions registration badges

Who Should Exhibit?If your products and/or services are directly or indirectly related to the following scientific areas, don’t miss out. Get involved and enhance your support to the scientific community.

Atmospheric Sciences

Geodesy

Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism

Hydrology

Ocean Sciences

Planetology

Seismology

Space Physics and Aeronomy

Tectonophysics

Volcanology

Geochemistry

Petrology...You should be there.

Space Assignments:

After 22 June, exhibit space assignments will be on a first-come, first-served basis and must be accompanied by the required fifty percent (50%) deposit for total of booth space reserved (100% after 1 September 2011. Please submit your Exhibitor Contract with required deposit today. AGU reserves the right to modify the exhibit booth floor plan presented in this Exhibitor Prospectus and make the final determination on booth assignments.

Please Note: It is mandatory that all booths be carpeted at the exhibitor’s expense. Booth inspection will be on Monday at 1530 h.

How to Reserve Space and Booth Selections

Complete and sign Exhibitor Contract and submit to AGU with the required deposit, a minimum of 50% of total for all booths reserved. (100% after September 2011); Mail, fax, or e-mail Exhibitor Contract to AGU.

AGUAttn. 2011 Fall Meeting Exhibits2000 Florida Ave. NWWashington, Dc 20009

E-mail: fmexhibits@agu.orgFax: +1.312.541.0573

Refund /cancellation Policy

Prior to 31 August – 25% of payment refunded.

As of 1 September – NO REFUND.

The exhibitor will be obligated to pay the total rental cost of the space as outline in the Terms and Condition Agreement.

Deadline for booth payment: 1 September 2011.

Questions?

Kristy CorcoranAGU Exhibit OfficeE-mail: fmexhibits@agu.org Tel: +1.202.777.7326

Find the most qualified, talented, problem-solving individuals. AGU members’ expertise spans an immense range of scientific disciplines and skill sets. No wonder employers around the world make the AGU Career Center their first choice for advertising job opportunities to reach the most talented candidates!

• Resume search—Streamline your hiring process by accessing the most talented Earth and space science professionals in your field.

• Interview candidates there and then—Schedule interviews while you and the candidate are the Fall Meeting.

• Easy online job management—Enter job descriptions, check the status of postings, renew or discontinue postings, and make payments online.

• Job activity tracking—You’ll see at a glance how effective your ad is.

• Auto notification—Set the criteria for your ideal job candidate and we will e-mail you when new resumes are a match.

• Company awareness—A valuable venue for promoting your organization, the AGU Career Center allows you to include information about your organization.

Exploring career Opportunities!

Daily career Talks

The Career Lounge adjacent to the Career Center hosts daily talks on careers in the Earth and spaces sciences, especially in industry, consulting, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and national labs.

career Opportunities Networking Lunch

Share your career experiences with students eager to practice their networking skills and learn about careers in employment areas such as in industry, consulting, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and national labs.

Please contact Paul Cooper at careers@agu.org if you would like to be part of the 2011 Fall Meeting Career Lounge series or join in the excitement of the Career Opportunities Networking Lunch.

Targeting the Talent!

Target the talent at careers.agu.org

Company Name

Computer Hardware/Software

Gems and Mineral Vendor General Education

Institution and Products

Geophysical Supplies and Equipment

Geophysical Instrumentation

Government Agencies

Professional Society or Association Publisher

Services (Exploration, Laboratories, and Other)

Academic (Colleges and Universities)

Other

Premium: $2250 x __________ (qty.)

Standard: $2000 x __________ (qty.)

Government Agencies: $1200 x __________ (qty.)

Exhibitor Fee: (Please check all that apply)

Promotional Opportunities

Quantity of 10’ x 10’ booths needed: ________________________

Booth Preference: 1st ___________ 2nd ___________

3rd ___________ 4th ___________

Special requirements regarding booth placement?

Amount Authorized

$____________________

Check Number

Credit Card (Please check one)

Amex VISA MasterCard

Credit Card Number

Cardholder Name (please print) Cardholder Signature

Expire Date

Acceptance of this contract constitutes a contract agreement between American Geophysical Union and the exhibitor. By my signature, my organization/company indicates I have read the agreement and agree to abide by the Terms and Conditions of Agreement set forth in the exhibitinformation and policies.

Signature __________________________________________________________________ Title _____________________________ Date ______________________

Acceptance of Contract (The above contract is accepted by AGU. Space assignments are subject to change, if needed)

Date

Space Assigned # of Booths AGU Exhibit Management

Please sign and return contract with payment to:

AGU Attn: 2011 Fall Meeting Exhibits2000 Florida Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20009

E-mail: fmexhibits@agu.orgFax: +1 312.541.0573

Deadline for complete payment is due

by 1 September 2011.

For AGU Use Only

2011 Fall Meeting Exhibitor ContractExhibit Dates: 6-9 December (Meeting dates: 5-9 December)

San Francisco, California

Advertising

Yes, I want additional information on meeting related advertising.

Sponsorship

Yes, I want additional information on sponsorship.

Contact Person

Street Address

City

Country

Contact E-mail Address

Phone Number (during business hours)

State Zip/Postal Code

Public E-mail Address (for printed material only)

Web Address

Categories (please check only one)

(Related to Earth and space sciences, non-profit consortia of educational institutions, not-for-profit consortia of research institutions, not-for-profit research institutions, not-for-profit publishers.)

Special Rate/Non Profit: $600 x __________ (qty.)(Special rate is for scientific and engineering open-membership societies and teaching components of degree-granting institutions. AGU will choose the booth location for Special Rate booths. Additional booths may be purchased at regular rates and will be assigned by AGU.)

Academic Showcase (8’ x 10’) $600 x ______ (one booth only)(Includes carpet, two chairs, one 6’ table). AGU will choose booth location.

Subtotal Amount Due (booth space only) $ ________

Booth Selection: 2011 AGU Fall Meeting exhibitor booth assignments will be processed using the Priority Point System. All other exhibitor booth assignments will be based on the date and time the signed contract with the required deposit is received at AGU. No contract will be processed without the required deposit. Minimum deposit is 50% of total for all booths reserved.

Security Code

50% deposit or full payment required with this contract.Please remit in US funds payable to AGU or American Geophysical Union.

DEADLINE IS 1 SEPTEMBERbut space is available until

the hall is SOLD OUT! After 1 SEPTEMBER company information will not be in the

on-site printed material.

TERMS:A 50% deposit of total boothspace fees must accompany

this signed application/contract. Booth space will beassigned and confirmed onlyafter this payment is received.BALANCE SHALL BE PAIDIN FULL NO LATER THAN

1 SEPTEMBER 2011. Applicationsor contracts may be submitted

after 1 SEPTEMBER 2011,but must be accompanied

by full payment.

CANCELLATION POLICY:The exhibitor must notify AGU in

writing of intent to cancel or withdraw from the exposition. Prior to

31 August – 25% of payment refunded. As of 1 September – NO REFUND.

The exhibitor will be obligated to pay the total rent cost

of the space as outline in the Terms and Condition Agreement.

QUESTIONS?AGU FALL MEETING 2011

Exhibit OfficeCorcoran Expositions, IncPhone :+1 202.777.7326.

E-mail: fmexhibits@agu.org

SUMIT YOUR APPLICATION

EARLY FOR THE BESTBOOTH PLACEMENT

__________

(Island Booths are considered Premium Booths)

1. Contract for Exhibit Space: The submission of a signed contract for exhibit space with appropriate payment constitutes an unqualified offer to accept exhibit space assigned pursuant to the provisions hereof. Upon acceptance by American Geophysical Union (AGU), as provided herein, this Agreement shall constitute a binding contract for exhibit space at the 2011 Fall Meeting.

2. Selection of Exhibitors: Exhibits must be related to the scientific interests of AGU’s membership. AGU reserves the right to determine the eligibility of any com-pany applying for exhibit space at this meeting. Lease of an exhibit space to an exhibitor does not constitute endorsement of the exhibitor’s products or services by AGU. No advertising material used by the exhibitor may contain the AGU logo or meeting logo, nor may it bear any reference to a real or implied endorsement by the sponsors. AGU reserves the right to demand that any persons associated with an exhibit demonstrating improper, objectionable, or inappropriate appearance, conduct, or demeanor, to alter such appearance, conduct, or demeanor be subject to removal from the meeting. AGU reserves the right to refuse any application for exhibit space as well as the right to restrict or evict any exhibitor that, in the opinion of AGU, detracts from the general character of the meeting. This policy applies to displays, printed matter, promotional materials, noise, music, personal conduct, and method of operation. In the event of such restrictions or eviction, AGU will not be liable for any exhibit expenses.

3. Fossil, Gems and Minerals: Limit on Number of Fossil, Gems, and Mineral Ex-hibitors: AGU restricts the total number of exhibitors of this type.

4. Booth Design and Furnishings: Booth sizes are 10’ x 10’ and include an 8’ high draped backwall, 3’ high side rails, and a 7” x 44” placard with the exhibitor’s name and booth number. The aisles will be carpeted. It is mandatory that all booths be carpeted at the exhibitors’ expense.

5. Assignment of Booth Space: AGU will attempt to assign the Exhibitor to one of the Exhibitor’s requested spaces. Notwithstanding, AGU reserves the right to make its allocation of exhibit space or to change the space allocation at any time based upon space availability, without prior notification to Exhibitors. The failure to allocate to an Exhibitor’s requested space will not in any way affect the enforce-ability of this Agreement. Booth Selection: Last year’s AGU Fall Meeting exhibi-tors: booth assignment will be processed using AGU’s new Priority Point System. All other exhibitors: booth assignments will be based on the date and time the signed contract is received. No contracts will be processed without the required deposit. Minimum deposit is 50% of total for all booths reserved.

6. Downsizing Booth Policy: If an exhibitor decides to reduce the number of booths contracted after 1 August, 2011, Exhibitor will pay a fee of 50% of the cancelled booth space. AGU reserves the right to relocate the exhibitor to another area of the Exhibit Hall.

7. Academic Showcase booths are 8’ x 10’. The cost of the booth space includes one 6-foot table, two chairs, and booth carpet.

8. Subletting of Space: No Exhibitor will assign, sublet, share, or appropriate the whole or any part of the space assigned to him or have representatives, equip-ment, or materials from firms other than hisr own in the exhibit space without the express consent of AGU.

9. Maintenance of Exhibits: All exhibits shall be adequately staffed during the meet-ing hours. As indicated in the Agreement, exhibits shall not be dismantled until the conclusion of the meeting. Any exhibit material or property in the Exhibit Hall there-after shall be packed, shipped, or stored at the discretion of the Official Service Contractor at the expense of the Exhibitor.

Please note: Early teardown in 2011 will jeopardize your company’s participa-tion in future AGU meetings.

10. Display Restrictions and Safety: All displays, demonstrations, interviews, or other activities must be confined to the limits of the contracted space, not to obstruct the general view or hide other exhibits. Regular and specially built backwalls, including signs, may not exceed 8’ in height; side panels more than 4’ high must not project forward from the backwall more than 4’. All display fixtures over 4’ in height and placed within 10 linear feet of an adjoining exhibit must be confined 5’ back from the aisle. Audiovisual devices used in the exhibit booth must be approved by AGU. In the course of the exhibition, no audio-visual device or sound system shall be operated in a manner that disturbs or interferes with other exhibitors. AGU will be the sole arbiter of whether or not a given device is disturbing to other exhibitors. Attention-attracting, noise-making devices, loud-speaker systems, and flashing lights must be approved by AGU. Unfinished tables and exposed unfinished sides of exhibit backgrounds must be draped to present an attractive appearance. All boxes and extraneous ma-terials must be stored from sight during show hours. Exhibitor shall observe all laws and regulations of local, state, and federal governments pertaining to fire, public safety, and consumer safety.

11. Exhibitors are reminded that the Americans with Disabilities Act ensures equal access to all participants. It is the responsibility of the exhibitor to make their booth space fully accessible to those with physical or sight im pairments and to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including without limitation the Americans with Disabilities Act (Public Law 101-336).

12. Rate and Layout Changes: AGU reserves the right to revise its rates, and such revision shall be in writing. All contracts will be honored at the prevailing rates at the time of the contract. AGU reserves the right to change the floor plan and/or relocate any exhibitor without prior notification.

13. Food and Beverages: Exhibitors serving food and beverages from their booth must order through the official Convention Center catering services

14. Sales Intent: On-site sales are permitted. Federal law permits exhibitors to sell exhibit materials at their booths throughout the meeting. However, each exhibitor is responsible for complying with state and local tax regulations. All exhibitors conducting sales transactions must obtain a sales license/tax permit. Additional information on where to obtain this information will be provided to exhibitors not less than sixty (60) days before the meeting date.

15. Decorator/Exhibit Contractor: Exhibitor service manuals will be mailed by the decorator/contractor, located on the freeman side. If an exhibitor uses a contrac-tor other than the official service contractor, the exhibitor’s contractor must notify AGU, provide a Certificate of Insurance for liability and workmen’s compen-sation, and also agree to comply with the exhibition rules and regulations. An EAC is an individual who is not a full-time permanent employee of an exhibiting company, who is providing a service to an exhibitor on-site at the Convention Center and does not represent one or more of the official contractors. The EAC Notification form included in the Exhibitor Service Kit must also be completed and mailed with the original Certificate of Insurance to AGU. Freeman, the Ameri-can Geophysical Union, and the respective Convention Center must be listed as insurers on the Certificate of Insurance. A Certificate of Insurance must be provided to the American Geophysical Union (AGU) by the exhibitor indicating the amount of coverage. AGU, Freeman and respective Convention Center shall be listed as additional insurers on all such policies.

16. Cancellation: The exhibitor must notify AGU in writing of intent to cancel or withdrawn from the exposition. Prior to 31 August – 25% of payment refunded. As of 1 September – NO REFUND. The exhibitor will be obligated to pay the total rent cost of the space as outline in the Terms and Condition Agreement.

In the event the meeting is cancelled, the liability of AGU shall be limited to the money paid by the exhibitor for exhibit booth rental, less a proportionate shall all expense incurred by AGU

for the exhibition.

17. Shipping and Transfer: Exhibitor agrees to ship at his own risk and expense all articles to be exhibited. All shipments must be fully prepaid and cosigned to the address that will be provided in the Exhibitor Service Manual. No collect ship-ments will be accepted.

18. Indemnification: Exhibitor hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, AGU, its managers, officers, directors, members, sponsors, employees, agents, suc-cessors, and assigns from and against all losses, liabilities, damages, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) relating to or arising out of (1) the negligence or willful misconduct of Exhibitor or its employees, agents or contractors, or (2) Exhibitor’s breach of this Agreement.

19. Security, Liability, and Insurance: Security guards will be furnished in the exhibit hall on a 24-hour basis, but the furnishing of such guards shall not be deemed to increase the liability of AGU to Exhibitor or any other party. After of-ficial meeting hours, only persons with proper identification badges shall be al-lowed in the exhibit hall. AGU shall not be held responsible for the loss of any material by any cause and usage. The exhibitor will exercise normal precautions to discourage loss due to theft or any other cause. AGU will exercise reasonable care for the protection of the exhibitor’s materials and displays. However, the exhibitor expressly releases AGU from any and all claims for such loss, damage, or injury in the absence of negligence. Exhibitors desiring to carry insurance will do so at their own expense. In the event the meeting is canceled, the liability of AGU shall be limited to the money paid by the exhibitor for exhibit booth rental, less a proportionate share of all expenses incurred by AGU for the exhibition.

20. Per show management, people under the age of 16 are prohibited in the exhibit hall during installation and dismantling. During show hours, anyone under the age of 16 must be supervised by an adult at all times.

2011 Fall Meeting Terms and Condition of AgreementRevised as of March 2011

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440

VOLUME 91 NUMBER 46 16 NOVEMBER 2010

Record warming in South Paci c associated with central Paci c El Niño

In 2009–2010, record warming occurred in the South Paci�c and western Antarctica. To document the oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with the sea surface temperature anomalies, Lee et al. analyzed satellite and in situ observations.

The anomalous warming in the south central Paci�c region began in September 2009 and reached a record high in Decem-ber, around the same time that the 2009–2010 central Paci�c El Niño peaked. The amplitude of the South Paci�c warming was more than 5 times larger than the usual variability in the region and was substan-tially stronger than the concurrent El Niño.

The spatial extent of the South Paci�c warming was comparable to the size of the continental United States and was associ-ated with an unusually strong and persis-tent high-pressure system.

The authors suggest that the strong cen-tral Paci�c El Niño may have ampli�ed the oceanic and atmospheric anomalies in the South Paci�c and western Antarctica. Central Paci�c El Niño events, which have become more common and more intense in recent decades, have maximum warm-ing in the central Paci�c, unlike the classic El Niño, which has maximum warming in the eastern equatorial Paci�c.

The authors note that if extreme events such as the 2009–2010 south central Paci�c anomaly become more common in the future, they could signi�cantly affect the ocean-ice-atmosphere system around Ant-arctica. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL044865, 2010)

Gravity measurements show sources of sea level change

Sea level rises as ice on continents melts and adds to the volume of the ocean. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measure changes in Earth’s gravity �eld, which makes it pos-sible to observe patterns of mass exchange between land and oceans and the resultant sea level change.

Riva et al. analyzed GRACE measure-ments from 2003 to 2009 to trace sea level changes to mass sources. The research-ers estimate that the total ice and water mass loss from the continents is leading to a global mean rate of sea level rise of about 1.0 millimeter per year. In particu-lar, they found that ice movement and melt-ing are the main contributors to global sea level change, while water movement is important to regional sea level rise in many coastal areas. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL044770, 2010)

Toxic hydrocarbons measured in Gulf of Mexico

Oil contains compounds known as poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which can be toxic. These compounds were released into the water during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which was larger than any previously studied release of oil. The impacts of the oil spill on marine life are not yet certain. Dier-cks et al. present initial observations of the distributions of PAH in subsurface water near the site of the Deepwater Hori-zon oil spill. The researchers made the observations during 9–16 May, about 3 weeks after the explosion. They found PAH concentrations as high as 189 micro-grams per liter at depths greater than 1000 meters. PAH concentrations that would

be toxic to marine organisms extended as far as 13 kilometers from the well-head site. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL045046, 2010)

—MOHI KUMAR and ERNIE TRETKOFF, Staff Writers

Sea surface temperature anomaly in early January 2010, showing the South Pacific warming and the El Niño to the north. Image produced by the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center of NASA/California Institute of Technology Jet Propul-sion Laboratory.

Surface oil in the Gulf of Mexico from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Why do clouds prevent heat from escaping Earth in a warming climate?

Clouds affect Earth’s surface tempera-ture in two key ways: They exert a cool-ing in�uence on the planet by re�ecting solar (shortwave) radiation back to space and a warming in�uence on the planet by reducing the amount of infrared (long-wave) radiation emitted to space. The bal-ance between these two forces helps to govern climate conditions. A changing cli-mate may in�uence cloud height, thick-ness, and frequency, which in turn could dramatically affect how clouds balance cooling and warming. All of the global climate models used in the recent assess-ment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicate that the warm-ing in�uence of clouds becomes stron-ger as the climate warms, indicating that clouds exhibit robustly positive longwave feedbacks.

Zelinka and Hartmann posed this ques-tion: Why is longwave cloud feedback

always positive in these models—that is, why do clouds in climate models increas-ingly prevent heat from escaping back to space as climate warms? They determine that under warming conditions, tropical high clouds rise in such a way that tem-peratures at cloud tops remain about the same despite that the surface is warming.

Because the clouds are not warming hand in hand with the surface tempera-ture, the warming tropics become less ef cient at emitting heat into space and thus the clouds exert a positive climate feedback. The authors go on to show that the amount that clouds rise is well predicted across models simply by con-sidering the energy balance of the tropi-cal atmosphere, and therefore the resul-tant positive feedback arises from rela-tively well understood physics. (Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2010JD013817, 2010)

The Research Fellows Program is open to all regardless of citizenship, but requires a completed doctorate and does not support work towards the completion of a degree. STEP fellows will be eligible for salary and full employee benefits in accordance with University guidelines. Applicants should send a CV and a cover letter indicating fac-ulty they wish to apply with, describing their areas of expertise and interest via https://jobs.princeton.edu (use requisition number 1000839) The review process will commence immediately and continue until positions are filled, although not all slots may be filled. For more information about applying to Princeton please link to: http://web.princeton.edu/sites/dof/Applicant sInfo.htm

Princeton University is an equal opportunity employer and complies with applicable EEO and affirmative action regulations.

Tenure Track Faculty Position in Environmen-tal/Analytical Chemistry. University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Chemistry and Bio-chemistry invites applications for a tenure track position at the Assistant Professor level in the area of Environmental/Analytical Chemistry. Candi-dates should hold a Ph.D. in Chemistry, or related discipline; postdoctoral or equivalent experience is highly preferred. The successful candidate is expected to establish a research program in an area related to environmental chemistry, mentor graduate and undergraduate students, and teach at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. To apply visit www.uakjobs.com/applicants/Central?quickFind=71939. Review of applications will begin on January 10, 2011. For additional information please visit www.uaf.edu/chem or email chemistry.uaf@alaska.edu. The University of

Alaska is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and educational institution. Minorities and women are encouraged to apply.

U.S.G.S. Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) invites applications for the Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program for Fiscal Year 2012. The Men-denhall Program provides opportunities to conduct postdoctoral research in association with selected members of the USGS professional staff. Through this Program the USGS will acquire current exper-tise in science to assist in implementation of the science strategy of its programs. Fiscal Year 2012 begins in October 2011.

Opportunities for research are available in a wide range of topics. The postdoctoral fellowships are 2-year appointments. The closing date for appli-cations is December 30, 2010. Appointments will start October 2011 or later, depending on availability of funds. A description of the program, research opportunities, and the application process are avail-able at http://geology.usgs.gov/postdoc. The U.S. Geological Survey is an equal opportunity employer.

STUDENT OPPORTUNITIES

Graduate Assistantships Available for Ph.D. Program. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (Daytona Beach, FL) announces the availability of several Graduate Assistantships to begin each year for incoming Engineering Physics PhD students. These assistantships cover full tuition and fees plus a $20,000 per year stipend. Applicants must have completed an M.S. in physics or engineering in order to prepare for this program, which com-bines spacecraft systems engineering with space physics--thus building upon existing B.S. and M.S. programs in Engineering Physics at ERAU with the same emphasis. Detailed program information may be found at: http://www.erau.edu/phd-engi-neering- physics. Questions may be directed to Dr. John Olivero, Chair, Physical Sciences Depart-ment, oliveroj@erau.edu or call 386-226-6453.

Ph.D. Assistantship in Landscape Distur-bance. University of Idaho. Highly motivated students are being recruited to participate in a team- based, interdisciplinary NSF-IGERT project focusing on forest ecosystems of the US northern Rockies. Research will focus on: (1) Identifying thresholds of resilience to changes in climate and disturbance regimes; (2) Examining interactions among climate, wildfires, bark beetle outbreaks, vegetation change, and land use change, and; (3) Modeling future landscape dynamics. Please con-sult http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/igert2/ for addi-tional information. UI is an AA/EO employer.

Ph.D. Assistantships in Atmospheric Science Available at Washington State University. The Laboratory for Atmospheric Research at Wash-ington State University seeks Ph.D. applicants for graduate work focused on measurements and mod-eling related to atmospheric chemistry, air quality, microscale to mesoscale atmospheric processes, biosphere-atmosphere interactions, and climate

change through our Engineering Science, Atmo-spheric Policy Trajectory, and NSF IGERT programs. Research areas include: 1) regional air quality mod-eling focused on global change effects, air quality forecasting, and incorporation of satellite products 2) urban and regional photochemical field pro-grams including forest/atmosphere interactions 3) aerosol chemistry and dynamics in forested and urban environments, 4) remote sensing of rural and urban atmospheres, 5) agricultural source studies related to greenhouse gas emissions and 6) high resolution meteorological and micrometeo-rological measurements and modeling related to turbulent flows, land-surface fluxes of energy and scalars, fire impacts and carbon cycling. To learn more about LAR programs visit lar.wsu.edu. WSU is an EEO employer. Protected group members are encouraged to apply. Research assistantships are available beginning May or August 2011.

Ph.D. Assistantships. The Environmental Engineering group at RPI has several Ph.D. assis-tantships available, starting in January 2011, to carry out experimental and modelling research on the bioclogging of soils, aquifer materials, and membranes. Candidates should have a good background in physics, mathematics and biology. Interested candidates should contact Professor Philippe Baveye, Kodak Chair, Rensse-laer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180. E-mail:baveyp@rpi.edu.

Ball State University-NEW Graduate Oppor-tunities. The Department of Geological Sciences at Ball State University announces the availability of two research assistantships in conjunction with a broad study of the petroleum geology of the Southeast Asia-Western Pacific Region (SEA-PAC). Students interested should have a strong background in sedimentary geology and tectonics. Familiarity with subsurface methods and geophys-ics are desirable. For more information contact Dr. K. Nicholson knichols@bsu.edu or check us out online at http://www.bsu.edu/geology. Teaching assistantships also available for 2011!

REU Summer Assistantships. NAIC will conduct a 10-week undergraduate summer program at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, which is funded by the NSF’s Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Program. Areas of research include radio astronomy, solar system studies, and atmospheric sciences, as well as electronic instru-mentation and computer science. NAIC will also fund one or two positions for first- or second-year graduate students from US institutions (non-US citizens may apply). Applications are due 2/01/11. Forms and details at http://www.naic.edu/science/summer_set.htm. EOE/AAE

SERVICES, SUPPLIES, COURSES, & ANNOUNCEMENTS

United States Polar Rock Repository. Rock samples are available as no-cost loans for research, teaching & museum use. http://bprc.osu.edu/emuwebusprr.

Classifiedcont. from page 439

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440

VOLUME 91 NUMBER 46 16 NOVEMBER 2010

Record warming in South Paci c associated with central Paci c El Niño

In 2009–2010, record warming occurred in the South Paci�c and western Antarctica. To document the oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with the sea surface temperature anomalies, Lee et al. analyzed satellite and in situ observations.

The anomalous warming in the south central Paci�c region began in September 2009 and reached a record high in Decem-ber, around the same time that the 2009–2010 central Paci�c El Niño peaked. The amplitude of the South Paci�c warming was more than 5 times larger than the usual variability in the region and was substan-tially stronger than the concurrent El Niño.

The spatial extent of the South Paci�c warming was comparable to the size of the continental United States and was associ-ated with an unusually strong and persis-tent high-pressure system.

The authors suggest that the strong cen-tral Paci�c El Niño may have ampli�ed the oceanic and atmospheric anomalies in the South Paci�c and western Antarctica. Central Paci�c El Niño events, which have become more common and more intense in recent decades, have maximum warm-ing in the central Paci�c, unlike the classic El Niño, which has maximum warming in the eastern equatorial Paci�c.

The authors note that if extreme events such as the 2009–2010 south central Paci�c anomaly become more common in the future, they could signi�cantly affect the ocean-ice-atmosphere system around Ant-arctica. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL044865, 2010)

Gravity measurements show sources of sea level change

Sea level rises as ice on continents melts and adds to the volume of the ocean. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measure changes in Earth’s gravity �eld, which makes it pos-sible to observe patterns of mass exchange between land and oceans and the resultant sea level change.

Riva et al. analyzed GRACE measure-ments from 2003 to 2009 to trace sea level changes to mass sources. The research-ers estimate that the total ice and water mass loss from the continents is leading to a global mean rate of sea level rise of about 1.0 millimeter per year. In particu-lar, they found that ice movement and melt-ing are the main contributors to global sea level change, while water movement is important to regional sea level rise in many coastal areas. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL044770, 2010)

Toxic hydrocarbons measured in Gulf of Mexico

Oil contains compounds known as poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which can be toxic. These compounds were released into the water during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which was larger than any previously studied release of oil. The impacts of the oil spill on marine life are not yet certain. Dier-cks et al. present initial observations of the distributions of PAH in subsurface water near the site of the Deepwater Hori-zon oil spill. The researchers made the observations during 9–16 May, about 3 weeks after the explosion. They found PAH concentrations as high as 189 micro-grams per liter at depths greater than 1000 meters. PAH concentrations that would

be toxic to marine organisms extended as far as 13 kilometers from the well-head site. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL045046, 2010)

—MOHI KUMAR and ERNIE TRETKOFF, Staff Writers

Sea surface temperature anomaly in early January 2010, showing the South Pacific warming and the El Niño to the north. Image produced by the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center of NASA/California Institute of Technology Jet Propul-sion Laboratory.

Surface oil in the Gulf of Mexico from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Why do clouds prevent heat from escaping Earth in a warming climate?

Clouds affect Earth’s surface tempera-ture in two key ways: They exert a cool-ing in�uence on the planet by re�ecting solar (shortwave) radiation back to space and a warming in�uence on the planet by reducing the amount of infrared (long-wave) radiation emitted to space. The bal-ance between these two forces helps to govern climate conditions. A changing cli-mate may in�uence cloud height, thick-ness, and frequency, which in turn could dramatically affect how clouds balance cooling and warming. All of the global climate models used in the recent assess-ment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicate that the warm-ing in�uence of clouds becomes stron-ger as the climate warms, indicating that clouds exhibit robustly positive longwave feedbacks.

Zelinka and Hartmann posed this ques-tion: Why is longwave cloud feedback

always positive in these models—that is, why do clouds in climate models increas-ingly prevent heat from escaping back to space as climate warms? They determine that under warming conditions, tropical high clouds rise in such a way that tem-peratures at cloud tops remain about the same despite that the surface is warming.

Because the clouds are not warming hand in hand with the surface tempera-ture, the warming tropics become less ef cient at emitting heat into space and thus the clouds exert a positive climate feedback. The authors go on to show that the amount that clouds rise is well predicted across models simply by con-sidering the energy balance of the tropi-cal atmosphere, and therefore the resul-tant positive feedback arises from rela-tively well understood physics. (Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2010JD013817, 2010)

The Research Fellows Program is open to all regardless of citizenship, but requires a completed doctorate and does not support work towards the completion of a degree. STEP fellows will be eligible for salary and full employee benefits in accordance with University guidelines. Applicants should send a CV and a cover letter indicating fac-ulty they wish to apply with, describing their areas of expertise and interest via https://jobs.princeton.edu (use requisition number 1000839) The review process will commence immediately and continue until positions are filled, although not all slots may be filled. For more information about applying to Princeton please link to: http://web.princeton.edu/sites/dof/Applicant sInfo.htm

Princeton University is an equal opportunity employer and complies with applicable EEO and affirmative action regulations.

Tenure Track Faculty Position in Environmen-tal/Analytical Chemistry. University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Chemistry and Bio-chemistry invites applications for a tenure track position at the Assistant Professor level in the area of Environmental/Analytical Chemistry. Candi-dates should hold a Ph.D. in Chemistry, or related discipline; postdoctoral or equivalent experience is highly preferred. The successful candidate is expected to establish a research program in an area related to environmental chemistry, mentor graduate and undergraduate students, and teach at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. To apply visit www.uakjobs.com/applicants/Central?quickFind=71939. Review of applications will begin on January 10, 2011. For additional information please visit www.uaf.edu/chem or email chemistry.uaf@alaska.edu. The University of

Alaska is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and educational institution. Minorities and women are encouraged to apply.

U.S.G.S. Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) invites applications for the Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program for Fiscal Year 2012. The Men-denhall Program provides opportunities to conduct postdoctoral research in association with selected members of the USGS professional staff. Through this Program the USGS will acquire current exper-tise in science to assist in implementation of the science strategy of its programs. Fiscal Year 2012 begins in October 2011.

Opportunities for research are available in a wide range of topics. The postdoctoral fellowships are 2-year appointments. The closing date for appli-cations is December 30, 2010. Appointments will start October 2011 or later, depending on availability of funds. A description of the program, research opportunities, and the application process are avail-able at http://geology.usgs.gov/postdoc. The U.S. Geological Survey is an equal opportunity employer.

STUDENT OPPORTUNITIES

Graduate Assistantships Available for Ph.D. Program. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (Daytona Beach, FL) announces the availability of several Graduate Assistantships to begin each year for incoming Engineering Physics PhD students. These assistantships cover full tuition and fees plus a $20,000 per year stipend. Applicants must have completed an M.S. in physics or engineering in order to prepare for this program, which com-bines spacecraft systems engineering with space physics--thus building upon existing B.S. and M.S. programs in Engineering Physics at ERAU with the same emphasis. Detailed program information may be found at: http://www.erau.edu/phd-engi-neering- physics. Questions may be directed to Dr. John Olivero, Chair, Physical Sciences Depart-ment, oliveroj@erau.edu or call 386-226-6453.

Ph.D. Assistantship in Landscape Distur-bance. University of Idaho. Highly motivated students are being recruited to participate in a team- based, interdisciplinary NSF-IGERT project focusing on forest ecosystems of the US northern Rockies. Research will focus on: (1) Identifying thresholds of resilience to changes in climate and disturbance regimes; (2) Examining interactions among climate, wildfires, bark beetle outbreaks, vegetation change, and land use change, and; (3) Modeling future landscape dynamics. Please con-sult http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/igert2/ for addi-tional information. UI is an AA/EO employer.

Ph.D. Assistantships in Atmospheric Science Available at Washington State University. The Laboratory for Atmospheric Research at Wash-ington State University seeks Ph.D. applicants for graduate work focused on measurements and mod-eling related to atmospheric chemistry, air quality, microscale to mesoscale atmospheric processes, biosphere-atmosphere interactions, and climate

change through our Engineering Science, Atmo-spheric Policy Trajectory, and NSF IGERT programs. Research areas include: 1) regional air quality mod-eling focused on global change effects, air quality forecasting, and incorporation of satellite products 2) urban and regional photochemical field pro-grams including forest/atmosphere interactions 3) aerosol chemistry and dynamics in forested and urban environments, 4) remote sensing of rural and urban atmospheres, 5) agricultural source studies related to greenhouse gas emissions and 6) high resolution meteorological and micrometeo-rological measurements and modeling related to turbulent flows, land-surface fluxes of energy and scalars, fire impacts and carbon cycling. To learn more about LAR programs visit lar.wsu.edu. WSU is an EEO employer. Protected group members are encouraged to apply. Research assistantships are available beginning May or August 2011.

Ph.D. Assistantships. The Environmental Engineering group at RPI has several Ph.D. assis-tantships available, starting in January 2011, to carry out experimental and modelling research on the bioclogging of soils, aquifer materials, and membranes. Candidates should have a good background in physics, mathematics and biology. Interested candidates should contact Professor Philippe Baveye, Kodak Chair, Rensse-laer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180. E-mail:baveyp@rpi.edu.

Ball State University-NEW Graduate Oppor-tunities. The Department of Geological Sciences at Ball State University announces the availability of two research assistantships in conjunction with a broad study of the petroleum geology of the Southeast Asia-Western Pacific Region (SEA-PAC). Students interested should have a strong background in sedimentary geology and tectonics. Familiarity with subsurface methods and geophys-ics are desirable. For more information contact Dr. K. Nicholson knichols@bsu.edu or check us out online at http://www.bsu.edu/geology. Teaching assistantships also available for 2011!

REU Summer Assistantships. NAIC will conduct a 10-week undergraduate summer program at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, which is funded by the NSF’s Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Program. Areas of research include radio astronomy, solar system studies, and atmospheric sciences, as well as electronic instru-mentation and computer science. NAIC will also fund one or two positions for first- or second-year graduate students from US institutions (non-US citizens may apply). Applications are due 2/01/11. Forms and details at http://www.naic.edu/science/summer_set.htm. EOE/AAE

SERVICES, SUPPLIES, COURSES, & ANNOUNCEMENTS

United States Polar Rock Repository. Rock samples are available as no-cost loans for research, teaching & museum use. http://bprc.osu.edu/emuwebusprr.

Classifiedcont. from page 439

For additional information on pricing, discounts, and submissions, visit eos.agu.org/advertising.

Contact the AGU Advertising Department Phone: +1-202-777-7536

Fax: +1-202-777-7478Toll Free: +1-800-966-2481

(North America only)E-mail: advertising@agu.org

reach a gloBal audience!Eos has over 61,000 subscribers, with more than 21,000 outside the United States, Canada, and territories.