exercises for lessons 3 thru end unit 1 of henle fyl
DESCRIPTION
Exercises 30 - 83 of Henle FYLTRANSCRIPT
Nomen: _____________________________ Hodie est: _____________________
Declining 3rd Declension Latin Nouns
1. Decline these 3rd Declension Nouns:
lex, legis Gender:___Fem____ Gender Rule: SOX _____ Decl.: 3rd __ Meaning: law ________
Singular Plural
rex, regis Gender: _________ Gender Rule: _________ Decl.: _____ Meaning: ______________
Singular Plural
dux, ducis Gender: _________ Gender Rule: _________ Decl.: _____ Meaning: ______________
Singular Plural
lux, lucis Gender: __________ Gender Rule: _________ Decl.: _____ Meaning: ______________
Nominative lex leges
Genitive legis legum
Dative legi legibus
Accusative legem leges
Ablative lege legibus
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
homo, hominis Gender: _______ Gender Rule: _________ Decl.: _____ Meaning: ______________
imperator, imperatoris Gender: _____ Gender Rule: _________ Decl.: _____ Meaning: ______________
veritas, veritatis Gender: ________ Gender Rule: _________ Decl.: _____ Meaning: ______________
salus, salutis Gender: ___________ Gender Rule: _________ Decl.: _____ Meaning: ______________
vox, vocis Gender: ______________ Gender Rule: _________ Decl.: _____ Meaning: ______________
Caesar is declined in the singular only: Caesar, Caesaris, Caesari, Caesarem, Caesare
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
In-class Practice. Nomen: _______________________
Practice with 3rd declension nouns:
Exercise 31
Identify the cases & meanings of these nouns:
1. legibus ___________________ 8. homo __________________ 15. lucem ___________________
2. regum ___________________ 9. imperatorum ____________ 16. hominibus _______________
3. imperatori ________________ 10. ducibus ________________ 17. duce ____________________
4. ducum ___________________ 11. hominum _______________ 18. veritate__________________
5. luce _____________________ 12. veritatem _______________ 19. homine__________________
6. duces ____________________ 13. regem _________________ 20. regibus __________________
7. veritati ___________________ 14. imperatorem ____________ 21. legi_____________________
Exercise 32
Translate these phrases into English:
1. lux veritatis _________________________ 5. rex Christianorum ___________________________
2. rex regum __________________________ 6. propter legem Dei ___________________________
3. rex hominum ________________________ 7. cum rege __________________________________
4. lex Dei _____________________________ 8. propter veritatem ______________________________
Exercise 33
Translate these phrases into Latin:
1. behind the king _____________________________________________________________________
2. for men (I.O.) ______________________________________________________________________
3. the light of truth ____________________________________________________________________
4. for the commander in chief (I.O.) _______________________________________________________
5. on account of the law of Christ _________________________________________________________
6. with the leader of the Gauls ___________________________________________________________
Exercise 34 – practice with 3rd declension. Nómen: _______________________
Translate into good English.
1. Chrístus est Réx Régum. _________________________________________________________________
2. Hominés lúcem vident. __________________________________________________________________
3. Nautae sunt hominés. (Why ís hominés in the Nominative case?) _________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Chrístiání véritátem Christi laudant. ________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Lúx in silvís nón est. ____________________________________________________________________
6. Rómání légem et véritátem Chrístí nón laudant. _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Imperátórés Rómánórum Gallós vicerunt. ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Gallórum ducés légem et imperium Rómánórum nón laudant. ____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Chrístus est Réx hominum quod Deus est. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. Dux Rómánórum in Galliá est quod bellum est in Galliá. ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11. Rómání imperátóri et ducibus praemia dedérunt quod Gallós vicerunt. _____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. Rómání ducés et réges Gallórum vicerunt. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3rd declension endings
Nom - -es
Gen. -is -um
Dat -i -ibus
Acc -em -es
Abl -e -ibus
Exercise 35 – Practice with 3rd declension nouns. Nómen: _____________________________
Translate into Latin. Underlined phrases are one word in Latin. Hodie est: ___________________________
1. The commander in chief does not praise the leaders of the Gauls. ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Christ is the Light of men because He gave men truth. ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The Gauls do not praise the laws of the Romans. __________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Christ is the King of kings. _____________________________________________________________________________
5. The leaders of the Romans are in Gaul. ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5a. And so, the kings of the Gauls are servants of the Romans. ______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. The general sees the dangers of the war. ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 36 – practice with Appositives Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
1. Gallí Caesarí, imperátóri Rómánórum, praemia nón dedérunt. ____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Servus vocem Caesaris imperátóris audívit. __________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Deus, Réx Caelí et terrae, salútem hominibus dedit. ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Caesar, dux Rómánórum, vócés Gallorum in silvís audívit. ______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Propter salútem hominum Chrístus est homo. _________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Chrístus, Fílius Deí, est Fílius Maríae. ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Gallí, servi Rómánórum, Rómánós nón laudant. _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Chrístiání Chrístum, Fílium Maríae, laudant. _________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3rd declension endings
Nom - -es
Gen. -is -um
Dat -i -ibus
Acc -em -es
Abl -e -ibus
Exercise 37 Nómen: _____________________________
Add the correct ending to the incomplete noun & translate. Hodie est: ___________________________
1. Christus, Re____ hominum, in Caelo est. __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Salus hominum in Christo, Fili___ Dei, est. ________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Caesar, imperat____ Romanorum, in Gallia est. _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Vox Christi, Fili____ Dei, est vox Dei. ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Romani Caesarem imperat_________ laudant. ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 38 – practice with Appositives Nómen: _____________________________
An appositive agrees with its noun in case (and gender Hodie est: ___________________________
& number, if possible).
1. Christ, the Son of God, is man (on account of the salvation of men). _____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. He heard the voice of Christ, the Son of Mary. _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Christ, the Son of God, is the King of kings. _________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. God gave a kingdom to Christ, the friend of men. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Christians praise Christ, the King and Friend of men. ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Caesar, the general of the Romans, heard the cries of the Gauls. __________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. (On account of the safety of the province) Caesar, the commander in chief, is in Gaul. ______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3rd declension endings
Nom - -es
Gen. -is -um
Dat -i -ibus
Acc -em -es
Abl -e -ibus
Exercise 41 – practice with there/sunt Nómen: _____________________________
You don’t need to use parentheses in your translations;
they are there to help you quickly identify the SN & V. Hodie est: ___________________________
1. Sunt perícula (in silvís Galliae).____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Nón est páx (in Galliá) quod Caesar (cum mílitibus) (in Galliá) est. ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Sunt viae (in provinciá). __________________________________________________________________
4. Populus ducem mílitum (propter virtútem) laudat. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Rómání viás (in próvinciá) múnívérunt. _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Est páx (in Caeló). ______________________________________________________________________
7. Sunt Chrístiání (in Caeló). ________________________________________________________________
8. (In páce) et (in belló) Chrístiání órant._______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Sunt mílités (in viá). _____________________________________________________________________
10. Caesar mílitibus (praemia virtutis) dedit quod Gallós vicerunt. __________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11. Ducés Gallórum oppida múnívérunt. ________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3rd declension endings
Nom - -es
Gen. -is -um
Dat -i -ibus
Acc -em -es
Abl -e -ibus
Exercise 42 – practice with sunt/there Nómen: _____________________________
Keep in mind verb placement as you translate.
Hodie est: ___________________________
1. There are roads (in Gaul). ________________________________________________________________
2. There is a war (in the province). ___________________________________________________________
3. There are soldiers (in the forest). ___________________________________________________________
4. The Romans constructed roads. ____________________________________________________________
5. There is not peace (in Gaul) because Caesar and the soldiers are (in Gaul). ________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. (On account of the courage of the soldiers) there is peace (in the province). _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. They fortified the towns (on account of the people’s danger). careful here – which word ís the object of
the preposition? _______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Christ is the Way and the Truth. ___________________________________________________________
9. They praise the virtue of the nation. ________________________________________________________
3rd declension endings
Nom - -es
Gen. -is -um
Dat -i -ibus
Acc -em -es
Abl -e -ibus
Nomen: _____________________________ Exercise 43 Hodie est: _____________________
Declining Latin Nouns
pars, partis Gender: ______ i-stem? _______ Meaning: __________________ stem: ___________
M, F, N Y or N
Singular Plural
collis, collis Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: ___________
Singular Plural
collis, collis is an exception to what gender rule: ________
hostis, hostis Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: ___________
Singular Plural
In Latin, hostis, hostis is almost always used in the ___________________ to mean the
singular English enemy.
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
gens, gentis Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: _____________
caedes, caedis Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: _____________
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Exercise 46 – practice with 3rd Declension i-stems Name: __________________
Hodie est: _______________ Words that go together are in parentheses (most of these are prep. phrases, some are nouns with “of” modifiers).
Remember, –orum is an “of” word (pl.) in the 2nd declension and –um can be an “of” word plural in the 3rd
declension.
Once you locate your Subject Noun (and any modifiers) go to the VERB, then the Direct Object or Prep. Phrase.
1. (Ducés Rómánórum) hostés (in colle) vicerunt. ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. (Propter caedem militum) bellum (in Galliá) est. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Sunt perícula (in Galliá) quod Gallí hostés Rómánórum sunt. _________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Chrístus est (Réx populórum) et (salús hominum) quod Deus est._______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. (Pars hostium) (in silvís) est, sed pars est (in colle). ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. (In Galliá) sunt collés et silvae et oppida et viae. ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Rómáni (régés et gentés Galliae) vícérunt. _________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. (Propter salútem populí) et (pácem próvinciárum) Rómaní viás múnívérunt. ________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Hominés (virtútem et véritátem) laudant. ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. (Post caedem hostium) Caesar mílités (propter virtútem) laudat. __________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 47 – practice with 3rd Declension i-stems Nomen: __________________
Hodie est: ________________
Subject Case=Nominative “of” Case=Genitive Preposition ‘in’ governs ablative case
Being Verbs: There are=Sunt There is=est Preposition ‘propter’ governs accusative case
Direct Object case=Accusative Predicative Nominatives=Nominative Case
1. Part (of the enemy) is (in the towns) but part is (on the hill). __________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. (On account of the slaughter) (of the leaders) (of the tribe) the Gauls do not praise Caesar. ____________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Christ is the King (of tribes and nations). ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. There are hills (behind the town). __________________________________________________________
5. (After a victory) there is a slaughter (of part) (of the leaders) (of the tribe). _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Part (of the enemy) is (in the hills and forests). _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 48 – Short Review Nomen: __________________
Hodie est: ________________
1. How can you tell the difference between the Nominative singular and the Ablative singular of the first
declension? ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Give the gender and the proper gender rule for:
nauta _________________________________________________________________________________
praemium _____________________________________________________________________________
lex ___________________________________________________________________________________
homo ________________________________________________________________________________
Christus ______________________________________________________________________________
veritas ____________________________________________________________________
3. Translate, and give the rule for the case of the underlined words:
Christus, Filius Dei, gloriam et praemium amicis Dei dedit.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Filius: _________________________________________________________________________________
praemium: _____________________________________________________________________________
amicis: ________________________________________________________________________________
Nomen: _____________________________ Lesson 3.7 Hodie est: _______________
Declining Latin Nouns
frater, fratris Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: ________
pater, patris Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: ________
mater, matris Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: ________
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
mons, montis Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: ________
mons, montis is an exception to what gender rule? _______________
clamor, clamoris
Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: _______
princeps, principis
Gender: _____ i-stem? ________Meaning: ______________________stem: _______
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Exercise 51 – review of 3rd Declension Nouns Nomen: _______________________
Hodie est: ____________________
Translate. Tell what case the nouns are. If a noun is underlined, give the Genitive plural of that noun.
1. propter virtutem militum __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. pax populorum et gentium _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. propter clamorem hostium _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. post caedem patrum et matrum _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. propter lucem et veritatem Christi ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. cum imperatore Romanorum _______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. propter salutem fratrum ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. in colle ________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. in montibus _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. post ducem _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
11. cum regem _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
12. voces hominum__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
13. cum parte militum _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
14. cum Caesare ____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 52 – Practice Reading Latin
Read the following Latin narratives. Break the sentences down into sizeable chunks, taking the Latin in the
order it is written. I’ve divided the first two narratives into manageable segments. These divisions may not be
exactly the same as ones you would make, so practice dividing the final two yourself. Read through them
several times or until you feel you are understanding the Latin, in its order, without having to turn it over into
English every time through.
Fratres Estis
Christus est Rex hominum / sed est frater hominum, / et Deus est Rex hominum / sed
est pater hominum. / Itaque, homines sunt fratres. / Itaque, / bellum est / caedes fratrum. /
Itaque, Deus et Christus / bellum non laudant.
Caedes Gallorum
Romani / partem principum Gallorum / occiderunt. / Itaque, Deus / clamorem matrum
et patrum et fratrum / in silvis et montibus Galliae / audivit.
In Galliá
In Galliá sunt silvae et montes et colles. Sunt oppida in collibus, sed pars gentium
Gallorum montes et silvas incolunt.
Christus, Dux Hominum
Christus est dux hominum quod veritatem et legem et lucem hominibus dedit. Christus est
“Via” et “Veritas.”
Exercise 53 – review of 3rd Declension Nouns Nomen: _________________
Hodie est: _______________
1. He heard the shouting of the leading men.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. They killed the chiefs of the tribe.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. There are dangers in the mountains.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. The general praises the mothers and fathers of the soldiers.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. The brothers are with Caesar in Gaul.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. They fortified the hills on account of the war.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. The Romans constructed roads in the mountains.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Nomen: _____________________________ Lesson 3.8 Hodie est: _____________________
Declining Latin Nouns
2. Decline these 3rd Declension Nouns:
flumen, fluminis Gender: _______ Meaning: _______________ Stem: __________________
Singular Plural
iter, itineris Gender: _______ Meaning: _______________ Stem: __________________
Singular Plural
corpus, corporis Gender: _______ Meaning: _______________ Stem: __________________
Singular Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
vulnus, vulneris Gender: _______ Meaning: _______________ Stem: __________________
agmen, agminis Gender: _______ Meaning: _______________ Stem: __________________
nomen, nominis Gender: _______ Meaning: _______________ Stem: __________________
mundus, mundi Gender: _______ Meaning: _______________ Stem: __________________
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Exercise 56 – practice with 3rd Declension Neuter Nouns Nomen: _______________________
Words in parentheses go together. Hodie est: _____________________
1. (Propter vulnera) miles (in agmine) nón est. __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Imperátor vulnera militum videt. _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Sunt corpora (in flumine). ______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. (In Galliá) sunt flúmina et silvae. ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Rómání (in itinere) sunt. _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Sunt hostés (in silvís) et (in montibus). ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6a. Itaque, (in perículó) sumus. _____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Caesar (agmen hostium) videt. __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Christiani nomen Mariae laudant. ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. Agmen hostium (in flumine) est. _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. Rómání Chrístiánós occiderunt quod Chrístiání (nomen Chrístí) laudant. _______________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 57 – practice with 3rd Declension Neuter Nouns Nomen: _______________________
Hodie est: _____________________
Caution: There are several Predicate Nouns, Expletive there constructions, and various other Latin grammar
constructions we have recently learned. Be sure to watch for an Appositive, also! Always be aware of your
singular/plurals. Remember ~ every preposition governs a particular case: either Accusative or Ablative.
Strive for perfection.
1. There are bodies and swords (in the river).
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. The column is (in the mountains).
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Christians pray (in the name of Christ, the Son of God).
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. There are brothers and fathers (in the army).
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. There are dangers (on the journey) because the enemy is (in the hills).
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. (After the march), they fortified the hill.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. The route is (in the mountains).
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. The sailors see the land and the sky.
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. The king prays (on account of the welfare of the kingdom.)
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 59 – review of all 3rd Declension Forms Nomen: _______________________
Hodie est: _____________________
WATCH for SINGULARS and PLURALS; especially in Prepositional Phrases.
1. “Estis lúx mundí.” ______________________________________________________________________
2. (Propter salútem hominum) Christus erat (in mundó). __________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Christus (lúcem et legem et salutem et veritatem) hominibus dedit. ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Caesar, imperátor Rómánórum, (cum militibus) (in Galliá) erat. __________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Chrístus est salus mundi. ________________________________________________________________
6. Serví (nómen régis) laudant. ______________________________________________________________
7. (Agmen hostium) (in montibus) erat._______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. (Propter caedem principum) nón erat páx. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. (Propter vulnera) mílités (in itinere) nón erant. _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. Deus, pater hominum, virtútem laudat, sed (bella et caedem) nón laudat. _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11. Dux (vócés servórum) et (clámórem militum) audívit. __________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. (Post bellum) corpora erant (in collibus) et (in flúminibus), et imperátor (clámórem mátrum) audivit.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
13. Chrístiání (frátres Chrístí) et (milités Chrístí) sunt. ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
14. Rómání (partem príncipum Gallórum) occídérunt. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
15. Gentés et populí Galliae (imperium Rómánórum) nón laudant. ___________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 60 – review of all 3rd Declension forms Nomen: _______________________
Translate these phrases and sentences into Latin. Hodie est: _____________________
1. (In the name) of the king. _______________________________________________________________
2. (On account of the salvation) of men. _____________________________________________________
3. On the journey._______________________________________________________________________
4. In the mountains and hills. ______________________________________________________________
5. With the leading men of the tribes. _______________________________________________________
6. They see the light of the world. __________________________________________________________
7. (After the slaughter) of the leaders. _______________________________________________________
8. There were bodies (in the road). _________________________________________________________
9. (On account of the courage) of the soldier. _________________________________________________
10. He praises the virtues of Christians. ______________________________________________________
11. (In peace) and (in war). ________________________________________________________________
12. He heard the voice of the general. ________________________________________________________
13. They killed part of the enemy. ___________________________________________________________
14. They praise the laws of the tribe. _________________________________________________________
15. Caesar gave rewards (to the soldiers). _____________________________________________________
16. (On account of the wounds) of the chiefs. __________________________________________________
17. The commander in chief heard the shouts of the fathers. ______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
18. The column was (in the river). ___________________________________________________________
19. The mothers see the army. ______________________________________________________________
20. (On account of the welfare) of the nation. __________________________________________________
21. He heard the cries of the brothers. ________________________________________________________
22. God gave truth (to men). _______________________________________________________________
23. (On account of the safety) of the column. __________________________________________________
24. On the march. ________________________________________________________________________
25. There was a route (in the mountains). _____________________________________________________
26. Caesar did not give swords (to the chief). __________________________________________________ one word
___________________________________________________________________________________
27. The Gauls gave (to) the commander in chief a reward. ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 61 Nomen: _________________
Write a Latin sentence for each of the following pictures.
A. _________________ B. _____________________
___________________ _______________________
___________________ _______________________
C. ________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
D. ________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
E. _________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________ F. _________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Nomen: _____________________________ Exercise 62 Hodie est: _____________________
Declining Latin Nouns
3. Decline these 4th Declension Nouns:
adventus, adventús Gender: _________ Meaning: ________________
Singular Plural
equitatus, equitatús Gender: _________ Meaning: ________________
Singular Plural
exercitus, exercitús Gender: _________ Meaning: ________________
Singular Plural
impetus, impetús Gender: _________ Meaning: ________________
Singular Plural
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
metus, metús Gender: _________ Meaning: ________________
spiritus, spiritús Gender: _________ Meaning: ________________
portus, portús Gender: _________ Meaning: ________________
senatus, senatús Gender: _________ Meaning: ________________
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Exercise 65 – practice with 4th Declension and in w/Accusative Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Translate into good English.
1. Nunc sunt portús in Galliá. (Galliá ís in the Ablative here; why?) _________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Post adventum Rómánórum bellum erat in Galliá. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Caesar cum equitatú in próvinciam vénit. (próvinciam ís in the Accusative here; why?)________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Caesar autem cum exercitú nón erat. ________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Propter metum Rómánórum Gallí in silvás venerunt. ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Nautae portum vident. ___________________________________________________________________
Reminder: Words on the left side of the conjunction will form a complete sentence with its own subject and verb, and
words to the right side of the conjunction will do the same. Do not try to use words from one side in the phrase on the
other side. When in takes the Accusative, be sure to show the motion with your choice of words for the translation.
7. Senátus Caesarem laudat quod Rómání hostés vicerunt. ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Impetum in hostés fécérunt. _______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Post adventum equitatús mílités impetum in Gallós fécérunt. _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. a. Gallí in colle erant. ____________________________________________________________________
b. In Gallós autem Caesaris mílités impetum fécérunt. __________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c. Ducés et príncipés Gallórum occiderunt et Gallós vicerunt. ____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
d. Post bellum, propter metum Caesaris, hostés impetum in Rómánós nón fécérunt. ___________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11. Gallí senátum occiderunt. ________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 67 Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Read, several times, Caedés Christiánórum on the next page. Then answer the following questions in complete
English sentences.
1. What things were in the world after the coming of Christ? _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Were there many Christians in the Roman Empire? ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Where were Christians to be found in the Empire? _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Who were these Christians? _______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. What was the Romans’ response to Christianity and why? _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Caedes Christianorum
Post Christi adventum lux veritatis in mundo erat, sed Romani amici Christi et veritatis non
erant. Christiani autem amici Christi erant. Erant multi1 Christiani in imperio Romanorum.
Erant in portibus et in oppidis provinciarum et in silvis et in montibus. Erant in exercitu et in
equitatu et in senatu. Erant servi et milites; erant matres et patres, Galli et Romani. Propter
metum autem Christi, Regis, et propter nomen Dei Christianorum Romani Christianos
occiderunt. Post caedem Christianorum, Romani non erant amici et servi Dei. Christiani
autem, quod Romani Christianos propter legem Christi occiderunt, nunc in Caelo sunt cum
Mariá et Christo et gloriam Dei Patris vident.
1. many
Exercise 68 – practice with the 4th Declension. Nomen: _____________________
Hodie est: ___________________
Watch for Postpositives and Conjunctions that divide sentences into 2 clauses, and multiple objects of a
preposition. Underlined phrases are one word in Latin.
The Conquest of Gaul
1. The Gauls were not friends of Caesar and (of) the Senate. _____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Therefore, Caesar came into Gaul with the cavalry and the soldiers. _____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. The Gauls, however, on account of fear of Caesar, came into the forests and mountains.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Caesar’s army was in the forests of the enemy, and there were dangers.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. The Romans, however, made an attack upon the enemy.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. They killed the leaders and the leading men of the Gauls.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. They conquered the cavalry and the army of the Gauls, and fortified the harbors and towns and hills of
Gaul. _______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. And so, the Senate now praises Caesar on account of the fame and the courage of the soldiers.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. On account of fear of the soldiers, the Gauls are now friends and servants of the Senate.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 69 – practice with the 4th Declension. Nomen: _____________________
Translate the following passage on the lines below. Hodie est: ___________________
God is Everywhere
“Deus Spiritus est.” In Caelo et in terrá est. Mundum videt. Homines videt. Milites et
nautas et servos videt. Matres et patres et fratres et filios videt. Homines propter virtutem
laudat sed propter caedem non laudat.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Nomen: _____________________________ Exercise 70 Hodie est: _____________________
Declining Latin Nouns
rés, rei Gender: ______Meaning: _______________ stem: ______________
Singular Plural
fidés, fidei Gender: ______Meaning: _______________ stem: ______________
Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
acies, aciei Gender: ______Meaning: _______________ Stem: ______________
Singular Plural
spés, spei Gender: ______Meaning: _______________ Stem: ______________
Singular Plural
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
Exercise 72 – practice with 5th Declension Nouns. Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
1. Milites (in acie) erant. __________________________________________________________
2. Romani Christianos (propter fidem) occiderunt. _____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Milites spem (victoriae in virtute) posuerunt. _______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Romani (in aciem hostium) impetum fecerunt. ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Galli (aciem Rómánórum) (in colle) vident. ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. (In Chrístó) est (spes mundi). ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Deus Christianos (propter fidem et virtútem) laudat. ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Milites rem vident. ____________________________________________________________
Exercise 73 – practice with 5th Declension Nouns Hodie est: _____________________
Recall: of case is Genitive. Prepositions precede their object. Prepositions govern one of two cases: the
Accusative or the Ablative case. Watch for singulars and plurals. Strive for perfection!
1. Caesar was in the battle line.________________________________________________________
2. They praise the reliability of the soldier. ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. The Senate does not praise the affair. _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. The Gauls made an attack on the battle line of the Romans. _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. They placed hope in God. __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 74 – Review Name _______________________
Give the genitive plural for:
hostis ________________ virtus ________________ homo ______________ gens _____________
Give the gender and rule for:
homo _____________________________________ nauta __________________________________
res _______________________________________ mater _________________________________
filius _____________________________________ veritas _________________________________
pax _______________________________________ gens __________________________________
servus ____________________________________ equitatus _______________________________
praemium _________________________________ Romanus ______________________________
Nomen: _____________________________ Lesson 6 Hodie est: _____________________
Declining Latin Nouns
castra, castrorum Gender: ______ PL-ONLY NOUN Meaning: ________________
Singular Plural
impedimenta, impedimentorum Gender: _______ PL-ONLY NOUN Meaning: ________________
Singular Plural
gratia, gratiae Gender: ______ Meaning: S:__________Pl:_____________
Write the meanings next to the nouns as you decline: (see my examples)
Singular Plural
copia, copiae Gender: ______ Meaning: S:__________Pl:_____________
Write the meanings next to the nouns as you decline: (see my examples)
Singular Plural
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
Nominative gratia — favor/influence/grace gratiae — thanks Genitive gratiae — of influence gratiarum — of thanks Dative Accusative Ablative
Nominative copia — supply/abundace Genitive copiae — of abundance copiarum — of troops/forces Dative copiis — to/for troops/forces Accusative Ablative
Exercise 75 – practice with Nouns w/Special Meanings in the Plural Nomen: _________________
Underlined words are one word in Latin. Hodie est: _______________
If it will help you, parse your words first.
1. Christians give thanks to God (on account of the abundance of the grace of Christ). _______________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. (On account of the fear of Caesar), the tribes did not make an attack (on the camp). _________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. There was a supply of swords (in the camp). ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. The commander in chief was in favor (with the king) (on account of the victory). __________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. They made an attack (on the camp). _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The forces of the enemy were not (in the province). __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. They put hope (in the grace) of Christ. _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8a. There was war (in Gaul) (on account of the slaughter) of the leading men.________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8b. Caesar came (into Gaul) (with troops and cavalry and a baggage train). __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8c. The Romans, however, pitched camp (behind the hill). _______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
over
8d. The Gauls, (on account of the fear) of Caesar, did not make an attack (upon the camp). ______________
_______________________________________________________________________
8e. The Romans, however, made an attack (on the Gauls). ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8f. The Gauls placed hope (in the cavalry), but the Romans killed the cavalry of the Gauls and captured* the
hill. ________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
8g. They captured1 the leaders and the camp and the baggage of the Gauls. ___________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
8h. (After the war), there was peace (in Gaul) and the Romans came (into the province). ________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
1. ceperunt: they captured
Exercise 76 Nomen: __________________
Translate the Latin following this paragraph. Date: ____________________
A Roman army never spent a single night outside a fortified camp. Towards the end of the day’s march,
a detachment was sent ahead to mark out the site for the night’s encampment. The plots assigned to the various
divisions of the forces were indicated by colored flags. A rampart was always erected and a ditch dug. The
camp was generally square and had four gates. The Roman legionnaire was as much a builder and a laborer as a
fighting man. It was no doubt partly to continuous training that he owed his remarkable steadiness and
endurance in the field. The camp depicted on page 67 of your text is rather more elaborate and permanent, yet
the nightly encampments were constructed in the same general way.
Castra Romanorum
__________________________________
Videtis exercitum Romanorum in castris. Videtis milites et duces et imperatorem. Videtis
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
gladios militum. Impedimenta non videtis, sed impedimenta sunt in castris. In castris est
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
copia omnium rerum. Milites castra in colle posuerunt sed non in silvis. In castra agmen
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
cum impedimentis venit. Hostes autem impetum in castra fecerunt, sed copiae Romanorum
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
hostes vicerunt. Nunc imperator milites et duces propter virtutem laudat, et duces propter
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
victoriam gratias militibus agunt. Propter victoriam imperator in gratiam cum senatu venit.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 77. Practice with Nouns that have Special Meanings in the Plural. Nomen: _________________
Hodie est: ________________
1. Galli erant hostes Romanorum._________________________________________________________
2. Itaque Romani (cum copiis) (in Galliam) venerunt et castra posuerunt. _________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. (In castris) erant milites et equitatus et servi et militum impedimenta. __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Copia gladiorum (in castris) erat. _______________________________________________________
5. Erant acies (in collibus et montibus et silvis). _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Galli (in Romanos) impetum fecerunt; Romani, autem, (in Gallos) impetum fecerunt. _____________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. Romani spem victoriae (in virtute) posuerunt; Galli spem salutis (in virtute) posuerunt. ____________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. Romani, autem, Gallos vicerunt; partem principum et ducum Gallorum occiderunt; portus et oppida
Gallorum ceperunt1. _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. Itaque, Galli copiam gladiorum et servorum Romanis dederunt. _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. (Post bellum) erat pax (in Gallia), sed erant castra Romanorum (in Gallia) et Galli servi Romanorum erant.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Imperator Romanorum erat Caesar. _____________________________________________________
12. Senatus (propter victoriam et militum virtutem) Caesarem et exercitum laudat, et Romani Caesari gratias
agunt. _____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. ceperunt
Exercise 79 – Name in Latin the objects pictured here. Nómen: _______________________
Give the Nominative & Genitive forms of the nouns.
a. ____________________________ b. ____________________________
c. _____________ d. __________________ e. __________________________
f.___________________
g.___________________
h.______________
i.______________
j. ____________________________ k. __________________________________
l. ____________________________ m. _________________________________
n. ____________________________
Exercise 80 Nómen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Translate the numbered sentences on their lines below.
Who is Christ?
1Christus, Fílius Deí, est fílius Maríae. 2Itaque homo et Deus est. 3Christus Réx hominum
est quod Deus est. 4In Chrístó est salus hominum, quod, propter salútem hominum, in mundum
vénit. 5Est, “Lúx Mundi” quod hominibus véritátem dedit. 6Itaque Chrístiání grátiás Deó et
Chrístó agunt, et Chrístum, Régem et Imperatorem, laudant.
1. ________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Review of Unit One Exercises 81 & 82
Give the Genitive singular; the meaning; the gender and gender rule; the Accusative singular; Genitive plural and its meaning. Noun Gen. Sing. Meaning Gender/Rule Accusative Sing. Gen.Pl. & Meaning
vulnus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ Christianus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ res ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ pars ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ provincia ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ nomen ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ frater ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ copia ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ periculum ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ porta ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ corpus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ bellum ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ hostis ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ agmen ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ Gallus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ mater ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ flumen ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ regnum ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ Romanus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ pater ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ iter ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ dux ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ terra ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ gens ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ rex ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ filius ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ silva ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ collis ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ amicus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________
Noun Gen. Sing. Meaning Gender/Rule Accusative Sing. Gen.Pl. & Meaning
mons ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ victoria ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ homo ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ servus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ miles ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ populus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ praemium ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ virtus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ vox ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ nauta ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ via ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ imperator ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ gladius ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ lex ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ portus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ Noun Gen. Sing. Meaning Gender/Rule Accusative Sing. ABLATIVE SINGULAR
lux ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ Caesar ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ fides ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ mundus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ Deus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ adventus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ impetus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ gloria ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ exercitus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ caedes ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ spes ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ metus ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ veritas ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ gens ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ acies ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________ clamor ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ ___________________
Exercise 83 – Essential Review of Unit One Nomen: _____________________
Hodie est: ___________________
Strive for perfection ~ Review your Grammar Rules prior to doing this exercise. Choose from multiple defini-
tions carefully. This exercise is worth double points!
1. Deus, Pater hominum, (in Caeló) est. _____________________________________________________
2. Deus légem hominibus dedit. ____________________________________________________________
3. (Propter salútem hominum) Chrístus homó in terrá erat. ______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Chrístus est lúx mundi. ________________________________________________________________
5. Chrístus, Fílius Deí, est Réx gentium et populórum. __________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. (Post adventum Chrístí) véritás erat (in mundo). _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Spiritus Deí in Chrístó erat. _____________________________________________________________
8. Régnum Chrístí est régnum Caelí. ________________________________________________________
9. Chrístiání (in nomine Chrístí) órant. ______________________________________________________
10. María (in régnó Caeli) (cum Chrístó) glóriam Deí nunc videt. __________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
11. Jésús, Fílius Deí, est Via et Véritás._______________________________________________________
12. Caelum est praemium Christianorum. _____________________________________________________
13. Deus fidem Christiánórum laudat. ________________________________________________________
14. Frátrés estis. _________________________________________________________________________
15. Amícus est amici servus. _______________________________________________________________
16. Mílités pacem laudant. _________________________________________________________________
17. Róma nón est in Galliá, sed próvinciá Rómánórum est in Galliá. _____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
18. Gallí Galliam incolunt._________________________________________________________________
19. Nautae portús vident. __________________________________________________________________
20. Rómání vias in provinciís muniverunt. ____________________________________________________
21. Chrístiání caedem principum hostium nón laudant. __________________________________________
22. Caesar imperium Galliae Gallís nón dedit. _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
23. Imperátor clamorem et voces hostium audivit. ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
over-------------------
24. (Propter vulnera) mílités iter nón fécérunt. _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
25. (Propter metum) dux régem laudat. _______________________________________________________
26. (Propter bellum) erant mílités et copia gladiórum (in oppidó). __________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
27. Hostés (in montibus et collibus) erant. ____________________________________________________
28. Corpora militum (in silvís) erant._________________________________________________________
29. Partem equitatus (in flumine) occiderunt. __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
30. Senátus et principes exercitui (propter victóriam) grátiás agunt. ________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
31. Rómání spem in virtute posuérunt. _______________________________________________________
32. Caesar (cum copiis et impedimentis) (in castra) venit. ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
33. (Propter gratiam Caesaris) principes Gallórum servós Rómánís dedérunt. _________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
34. Hostés erant (post aciem Rómánórum). Equitatus, autem, (in aciem) venit. Itaque, Rómání hostés
vicerunt et occiderunt. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
35. (In silvás Galliae) Caesar venit. Principes Gallórum, autem, rem viderunt*. Itaque, impetum (in agmen
Caesaris) fécérunt. ____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
36. Mílités (in acie) órant quod (in perículó) sunt. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
* viderunt: they saw.