exercises
DESCRIPTION
GrammarTRANSCRIPT
ACADEMIA EDEL
EXERCISES Verb Tenses
A. Complete with the correct form ( present simple affirmative, interrogative or negative) of these verbs: have, study, watch, do, borrow, get up, read, eat
1. We _________________ (borrow) books from the library twice a month.
2. Richard never ____________ (do) the shopping on Saturdays.
3. Sheila _______________ ( not/do) very much. That’s why she’s so thin.
4. What time ________ you usually ______ (have) breakfast?
5. The children _____________ (not/get up) until 8 o’clock in the morning.
6. My friend Gill _____________ (study) at London University.
7. What kind of books _________ your mother ______________ (read) ?
8. Jenny _______________ too much television (watch).
B. Choose the present simple or the present continuous.
1. Jane never has/is having breakfast at home.
2. We learn/are learning English at the moment.
3. This week I read/am reading a new novel.
4. Peter always complains/is complaining about the food.
5. We go/are going for a walk everyday, but today we stay/are staying in.
6. What time do you come/are you coming back tonight?
C. Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous or present simple.
1.I’m afraid I __________________ (not understand) what he __________ (say)
2. Who _________ (cook) dinner tonight?
3. I really ___________ (not know) what you ___________ (talk) about.
4. ________________ (you/go) abroad this summer? Yes, I ____________ (visit) Italy.
5. What ___________ (you/think) they ____________ (do) tomorrow?
Source: English Grammar – Longman
D. Complete this text about S. Paulo, Brazil, using the Simple Present or the Present Continuous
Everyone ____________ (know) what a megacity ___________ (look) like. Take S. Paulo for example. S. Paulo _____________ (be) one of the most densely populated cities in the world. A
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third of its population ___________ (live) in slums, where their standard of living is unbelievably low.
Today safety in S. Paulo ______________ (get) worse and worse and social discontent _____________ (grow) bigger and bigger. Robberies and assaults _____________ (happen) everywhere, everyday.
In an effort to stop violence the government _________ (try) to take stricter safety measures, but things _____________ (not seem) easy to solve.
E. Put the verbs in the correct tense: simple past or past continuous.
1. While we were walking (walk) hoe«me, it started (start) to rain.
2. George ________________ (read) the newspaper while his wife _____________(cook) dinner.
3. John ___________ (fall) off the ladder while he ____________ (wash) the window.
4. Sorry to interrupt you. I _____________ (not know) you __________ (have) lunch.
5. When I ___________ (get up) this morning, my father ___________ (listen) to the radio.
6. Peter ____________ (sleep) in front of the television when someone __________ (knock) at the door.
F. Complete with the simple past or past continuous of the verbs in brackets.
1. While Jack __________________ (watch) television, his wife _________________ (clean) the house.
2. David’s car _________ (break) down so he ___________ (take) it to the garage.
3. The children__________ (play) football when it ____________ (start) to rain
4. I ______________ (switch) on the lights because it ___________ (get) dark.
5. When I ___________ (open) the window this morning, the birds ____________ (sing) outside.
6. They _______________ (have) dinner when the telephone _________________.
G. Use the verbs in brackets in the simple past or the present perfect.
1. She _____________ (not write) to me for a long time.
2. I _______________ (have) an accident last night.
3. Call the police. Someone ___________ (just/steal) my handbag.
4. They ___________ (not return) from their holidays yet.
5. Mary ___________ (break) her leg. I __________ (see) her walking on crutches yesterday.
6. Last week was the first time I ____________ (drive) a car.
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7. It’s the first time I am in this city. I ____________ (never/be) here before.
H. Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Many people (think/ are thinking) that the battle for a "better and clean world" is helpless.
2. Environmentalists (are feeling/will feel) totally satisfied when there is no more pollution.
3. People often (left/leave) rubbish behind when they go on a picnic.
4. They (are having/ have) a panel on environmental issues on BBC this evening at 10.
5. I always (am taking/take) public transport to school. This way I try to minimise the human impact on earth.
6. Due to recent disasters, some people all over Europe (protest/are protesting) against the use of aging oil tankers.
7. My friend Peter (has left/left) for Italy a few days ago.
8. She fell asleep while the train (rolled/was rolling) slowly down the mountain.
9. He always (feel/feels) sick when he smokes a cigarette.
10. If she studies, I’m sure she (is passing/ will pass) her exams.
11. The train (had already left /has already left) when we got to the station.
12. We (see/will see) Mary on Monday.
13. The next train (leaves/will leave) at 7.30
14. They (emigrated/have emigrated) to America in 1965 and (have lived/ live) there since then.
15. Mr Davis (is/ has been) in hospital since he (was/ has been) run over by a bus two weeks ago.
16. The Davies (have just moved/ just moved) into a new flat, you know.
17. Many people (lose/lost) their lives and property in the Great Fire of London.
K. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1. My friends and I usually ............ out to the disco on Saturday nights. (go)
2. My children never ............... their beds when they .......... to school. (make/leave)
3. The Douglas ............... a well-paid job (not have)
4. The English ............ tea about six times a day (drink)
5. The postman ................ twice a day. (not come)
6. George, what.................... this morning? (you/do)
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7. Look! He.............. now. (come).
8. She ............. at home this evening (stay).
9. I........... tickets for the cinema tonight (buy)
10. I hope it ............... nice day next Sunday, (be)
11. What ............., if he doesn't come? (you/will)
12. I ............. there on time. I promise you. (be)
13................. to a rock concert? (you/ever/be)
14. Tom's father................. a musician since he left school. (be)
15. I................. . for the cinema tickets. (already/pay)
16. ................ the seats yet? ( you/book)
17. Jill .......... in New York for two weeks, but she ......... a musical on Broadway yet. (be/not see)
18. The band.............. the studio (just/left)
19. They ............. to this town three years ago. (move)
20. I ................ my last holidays in Spain. (spend)
21. Last night I.............. asleep while I.................. TV. (fall /watch)
22. The phone ............ while I................. a bath yesterday. (rang/ have)
23. It .............. to rain as I .............. home, (begin/ walk)
24. When I came home last night, she ............... (already/leave).
25. They ...............all the seats when I got to the box office. (already/sell)
L. Choose the correct form of the verb in brackets
1. ________________ you (read/have read) Rachel Carson's Silent Spring? Yes, I __________ (have/did). I __________ (read/have read) it a few months ago.
2. Although Silent Spring was written many years ago people _____________ (didn't cease/haven't ceased) to admire it.
3. Rachel Carson’s books ____________ (contribute/have contributed) a lot to rise concern about environmental issues.
4. Rachel Carson ___________ (started/has started) her career as a Marine Biologist.
5. Silent Spring ______________ (was published/has been published) in 1962 and _______________ (has been read/was read) ever since by thousands of people.
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M. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
I usually ____________ ( watch) TV for about 3 hours a day and right now I _______________ (watch) a documentary about environment. My brother __________________ (not like) documentaries, so I can only ___________ (watch) half of my programme and then we have to change channels so that he _____________ (can) watch half of his favourite programme, cartoons.
I ______________ (not like) cartoons very much. So, when we _________ (change) channels I, most of the times, _________(go) to my bedroom and do my homework.
Today I must write a report about the school trip we ______________ (do) to the Zoo last Wednesday. We ____________ (go) there with some of our teachers and we _____________ (see) lots of strange animals. I ____________ (enjoy) it very much, because I really ____________ (like animals).
____________________ (you/ever/be) to the Zoo? Some people _________ (think) Zoos are a sort of prisons for the animals that are kept there, but I _____________ (disagree) totally with it. All the animals I _____________ (see) there last Wednesday _______________ (seem) to be happy. At least they __________ (feel) protected there.
Exercises Conditionals
A. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. What will you do, if you ___________________________ (win) the lottery?
2. If you ____________________ (refuse) my offer, I would be very surprised.
3. We can have lunch in the park, if it _______________________ (not/rain)
4. If you are hungry, we __________________________ (go) to a restaurant.
5. If I _________________________ (see) Paul, I would have told him to go home.
6. I ___________________________ (invite) you, for a drink if I didn’t feel so tired.
7. He would pass the exam, if he ______________________ (study) more.
8. If he had been more careful, he _____________________ (avoid) the accident.
B. Rewrite as indicated below. The first one is already done as an example
1st Conditional
1. Don't keep making noise, or I’ll call the headmaster.
I'll call the headmaster, if you keep making noise.
2. I don’t talk to John because he doesn’t apologize.
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......................................, if he apologises.
3. He doesn't help you because you don't ask him.
He ................................................, if you ask him.
4. You don't get the best seats because you don't arrive early.
If you arrive early, you .....
5. He makes mistakes. He is not promoted.
If he doesn’t make mistakes, he ...
6. Peter wants to go to the match. He goes alone.
If Peter wants to go to the match, he .... .
2nd. Conditional
7. I don't buy a new video camera because I don't have enough money.
If I had enough money, I would buy a new video camera.
8. He doesn't invest much, that's why he is not a successful manager.
He would be a successful manager, if ....
9. You don't give up drinking. You don't feel well.
If you ..... , you would feel much better.
10. I don't do my homework because I don't know how to do it.
I would do my homework, if I ....
11. He only did that because you pushed him.
He wouldn’t do that if you ....
12. The dog didn't bite the girl because the owner stopped it.
The dog ................................................ if the owner didn’t stop it.
13. You missed the lesson. The teacher reprehended you.
The teacher wouldn’t reprehend you if you ....
3rd conditional
14. You didn't arrive early. You missed the train.
If you had arrived earlier, you wouldn’t have missed the train.
15. I didn't hear the weather forecast. So, I didn't bring the umbrella.
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If I had heard the weather forecast,...
16. You spent the night at the pub. You didn't study much.
If you hadn’t spend all night at the pub, you ....
17.You didn't take your raincoat. That's why you got wet.
If you ............................................ , you wouldn’t have got wet.
18. She didn't give you a box of chocolates because she didn't know it was your birthday.
If she had known it was your birthday, she... .
19. You didn't spend he holidays with us, that's why you didn't enjoy yourself a lot.
If you ................................................................, you would have enjoyed yourself a lot.
E. Unless
If you don’t bring the money, I won’t buy you the tickets.
C. Unless . Rewrite as indicated below. The first one is already done as an example.
1. If you don’t read your messages, you won’t receive e-mail greetings.
Unless you read your messages, you won’t receive e-mail greetings.
2. If we didn’t walk faster, we wouldn’t get there in time.
Unless ...
3. If you didn’t arrive early, you wouldn’t get the best seats.
Unless...
4. If you don’t try harder, you’ll never succeed.
Unless ...
5. If the weather doesn’t get better, I’ll stay at home.
Unless ...
6. You won’t arrive on time if you don’t hurry.
Unless...
7. This theatre will close if they don’t get a subsidy.
Unless ...
8. If they hadn’t lent me the money, I wouldn’t have bought the house.
Unless ...
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9. You don’t come with me. I won’t go to the party.
Unless ...
10. If I don't have to work late, I'll see you tomorrow.
I'll see you tomorrow, unless I __________________________
11. If she doesn't ask me, I will not tell Sue what you said.
Unless she ________________________________________
12. I wouldn't eat fish, if I weren't extremely hungry.
Unless I _________________________________________
13. We must hurry not to be late.
Unless we _______________________________________
14. I was told I had to work hard to pass the exam.
I was told unless I worked ___________________________
15. Children are only allowed to use the swimming pool if they are with an adult.
Unless .they _____________________________________________________
16. The doctor will not see you today, if it is not an emergency.
Unless it ________________________________________________________
17. I don't go to the party, if you don't come with me.
Unless you _____________________________________________________
18. He'll only answer if you ask him a question.
Unless you ______________________________________________________
19. I'll only help you if you ask me to.
Unless you _______________________________________________________
D. 1st; 2nd; 3rd Conditional - Re-write as indicated below. The first one is already done as an example.
1. We rejected the offer because they didn't clarify their position.
If they had clarified their position, we wouldn’t have rejected the offer.
2. I don't sell my car because they don't pay much money for it.
If they paid more money for my car ____________________________________
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3. I'm sure you didn't leave your watch in my house, because I didn't find it.
If you had left your watch in my house, _______________________________
5. Be careful, or you'll get hurt.
You'll get hurt, if you ________________________________________________
6. She didn't give me the ring , because she didn't find it.
If she had found the ring, ______________________________________________
7. You don't feel better because you don't take much exercise.
If you took more exercise, ______________________________________________
8. She didn't apply for the job, because she didn't know about it.
If she had known about it, she ______________________________________
9. You must write the test carefully, not to repeat it all again.
If you write _________________________________________________________.
10. Hurry up or you'll miss the train.
You'll miss the train, if __________________________________________________
11. John doesn't drive carefully. He has had too many accidents.
If John drove _______________________________________________________ .
12. The weather isn't fine. We can't go to the beach.
If the weather was ___________________________________________________.
13. You didn't go to the party. I didn't dance with you.
If you had gone _____________________________________________________.
14. You don't spend your holiday in Spain. You don't learn how to dance the flamenco.
If you spent ________________________________________________________.
15. She didn't take my advice. She didn't feel happy .
She would have felt __________________________________________________.
16. You must run to catch the train.
If you don't run, ________________________________________________ .
17. They have to work harder, to succeed.
If they don't work harder, _____________________________________________.
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E. Rewrite as follows (1st, 2nd, 3rd conditionals; unless). The first one is already done as an example.
1. Jane doesn't arrive on time. I don't talk to her.
But, if Jane arrived on time, I would talk to her.
2. We may see Henry, we give him your message.
If we see ...
3. You don't know how to swim, so you can't come with us.
If you knew ...
4. You can't find a good job, because you aren't qualified enough.
But, if you were qualified ...
Unless you ....
5. Francisco doesn't speak English. He doesn't find a job in England.
If Francisco spoke ...
Unless he speaks ....
6. You didn't apply for the job, that's why you didn't get it .
If you had applied...
7. She didn't find a good seat because she didn't come on time.
If she had come....
EXERCISES
A. Change into the passive (The first one is already done as an example)
Present Simple
1. They kill 50.000 seals a year
50.000 seals are killed a year
2. He gives an interview every month
An interview ……
3. The housekeeper doesn't lock the door every night
The door ...
4. They buy the newspaper every day.
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The newspaper
5. They sell the newspaper in that kiosk.
The newspaper ...
Present Continuous
1. John is writing a new article on consumerism
A new article on consumerism is being written by John.
2. They are building a new road.
A new road ….
3. Pollution isn’t affecting the area.
The area …
Past Simple
1. He increased the voltage slowly
The voltage was increased.
2. He occasionally turned the machine off
The machine ...
3. They didn’t give any information about the school rules.
No information ...
4. We didn’t see the advertisements.
The advertisements…
Past Simple continuous
1.They were carrying out a survey.
A survey was being carried out.
2. The TV was informing the consumers.
The consumers …
3.Peter wasn’t taking a different attitude
A different attitude …
4. They were studying the problem.
The problem ….
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Present Perfect
1.The police have raided the area frequently.
The area has been raided by the police
2.Somebody has scratched my car
My car ...
3. Somebody has killed the President
The President ...
4. They haven’t contacted her mother yet.
Her mother....
5. We haven’t executed all their orders yet.
All their orders …
6. Jack has written that note
That note …
7. We have just visited that old medieval town
That old medieval town …
Present Perfect continuous
1. They haven’t been executing his orders.
His orders haven’t been being executed.
2. They have been warning the population about the dangers of contaminated water.
The population …
Past perfect
1. They had followed his example
His example …
2. We hadn’t visited that town yet.
That town …
3. They had published a new book.
A new book ….
Future; Conditional; Modal verbs
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1. They will postpone the meeting.
The meeting will be postponed.
2. They can produce the brochures here.
The brochures
3. You must abandon the scheme.
The scheme
4. They couldn't repair the tractor.
The tractor ...
5. They would encourage the students to use the dictionary.
The students …..
6. They must repair the pavements.
The pavements …
B. Rewrite as indicated below (the first is already done as an example)
1.The policeman stopped the burglar
The burglar was stopped by the burglar.
2. Thousands of people watched the rock concert
The rock concert ...
3. They will repair our bathroom at the end of the week.
Our bathroom...
4. They have elected a new President.
A new President ...
5. The government is building a new hospital.
A new hospital ...
6. They have closed the motorway.
The motorway ...
7. Our students write interesting articles for the school newspaper.
Interesting articles ...
8. Someone stole my wallet.
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My wallet ...
9. The Greek team won the European cup.
The European cup ...
10. The waiter in a red coat served dinner.
Dinner ...
11. They have closed the school.
The school …
12. Millions of people speak English all over the world.
English ...
13. One of the students left the gym equipment in the playground.
The gym equipment ...
14. The burglars have left the office door open.
The office door ...
15. The people of London have welcomed the Queen.
The Queen ...
16. The headmaster will punish the students that have missed the classes.
The students that have missed the train ...
17. The director postponed the meeting.
The meeting ...
18. The City Mayor is doing a good work.
A good work ...
19. The police have arrested a group of terrorists.
A group of terrorists ...
20. The English team will play the semi-final next Friday evening.
The semi-final ...
C. Indirect Passive - Rewrite the following sentences as indicated below (the first one is already done as an example)
1. They give us the information every week.
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E.g. We are given the information every week.
2. They don't give him a present every year
He ...
3. They usually tell her everything they know.
She ...
4. They aren’t telling her all the truth
She ….
5. They aren’t paying him much.
He …..
6. He didn't tell Mr Y what was happening.
Mr Y ...
7. They paid Mr Y £500
Mr Y ...
8. The experiment didn't injure Mr Y
Mr Y ...
9. They didn't ask Mr Y to come back later
Mr Y....
10. They weren’t informing her properly.
She ….
11. The teacher has given the students a severe telling-off
The students ...
12. They have been visiting Mary a lot lately.
Mary …
13. They had already given her that book.
She ….
14 They will accuse her of theft.
She....
15. They told us she is working at the international office
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We ...
16. They allowed her to make remarks during the rehearsal.
She ...
17. Nobody could allow him to play hockey because he wouldn’t keep the rules.
He ...
18. They have granted her the request to open a shop here.
She ...
19. They will allow you to take part in the festival.
You ...
20. No one expected her to answer.
She ...
21. Someone gave the guide a good tip for his service
The guide ...
22. They will offer him lots of money for his discovery.
He....
23. Somebody insulted me when I was walking down the street.
I ...
24. They paid him ten shillings a day.
He ...
D. Rewrite these sentences in the passive form. Miscellaneous (the first one is already done as an example)
1. Someone gave him the wrong medicine.
He was given the wrong medicine.
2. People have offered Mary a lot of money.
Mary ...
3. Someone has broken the glasses.
The glasses ...
4. The authorities are banning the traffic from the city centres
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The traffic ...
5. People all over the world are learning English.
English ...
6. Someone painted the walls.
The walls ...
7. The players are wearing new equipment for the match next Saturday.
A new equipment ...
8. They must build a new bridge over the river.
A new bridge ...
9. They ate all the food at the party.
All the food ...
10. They didn’t leave any drinks on the table.
No drinks ...
E. Rewrite as indicated below - Miscellaneous (the first one is already done as an example)
1.Someone showed the child how to use the telephone
The child was shown how to use the phone
2. They have promised Mary a new opportunity.
Mary.....................
3. They asked her to sign her name at the information desk.
She....................
4. The embassies are refusing young people a visa.
Young people................
5. The doctor won't prescribe us a different diet
We....................
6. They will ask you several questions.
You...................
7. They hadn’t promised him a rise in the salary.
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He............................
8.They call young executives "Yuppies"
Young executives..........................
9. Dangerous driving is causing many accidents.
Many accidents...
10. They built this house in 1930.
This house....
11. They cancelled the flights because of the fog.
The flights....
12. People have advised us not to out alone.
We.....
13. They have told her to avoid going out at night.
She....
14. They should forbid children to watch some TV programmes.
Children.....
15. We are expecting the result of the tests in about two hours' time.
The result....
16. You must not allow the children to see television until late.
The children....
17. It will be difficult to reach an agreement.
An agreement ...
18. They requested all spectators to leave the stadium in good order.
All spectators....
19. The government sent a team of experts to study the problem.
A team of experts ...
20. The experts will have to instruct the local farmers about the new farming techniques.
The local farmers ...
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F. Rewrite as indicated below - Miscellaneous (the first one is already done as an example)
1. They didn’t invite me to the party.
I wasn’t invited to the party
2. A long noise woke us up in the middle of the night.
We ...
3. I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation.
I didn’t realise that our conversation ...
4. They have postponed the concert.
The concert ...
5. Somebody has cleaned the room.
The room ...
6. They are building a new ring road round the city.
A new ring road ...
7. They must do something about the situation.
Something ...
8. They can’t farm this land.
This land....
9. They keep all their books in here.
All their books....
10. This company employs two hundred people.
Two hundred people ….
11. They made a terrible mistake
A terrible mistake …
12. Walt Disney created several cartoons
Several cartoons …
13. They are decorating the house
The house …
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14. They gave her a new car on her birthday.
She …
15. They will ask John to go to Paris
John …
16. We had to postpone our trip to the Bahamas
Our trip …
17. You should show Pauline her new bedroom.
Pauline …
18. People can keep these plants at home.
These plants …
19. They will offer us valuable presents.
We …
20. It will be extremely difficult to achieve a similar effect.
A similar effect ...
EXERCISES Reported Speech
A. Rewrite the following sentences as follows.
E.g. I work in a garage.
He said that he worked in a garage
1. I like all my classmates.
He said that …
2. We are doing a good job.
He said that …
3. We didn’t have to face any serious difficulty last year.
They said that …
4. I’m looking forward to my Summer holidays.
She said that …
5. We went to Australia last year.
They said that …
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6. We saw a lot of kangaroos there.
They said that …
7. I will visit New Zealand next year.
He said that …
8. My friends had already been there the year before.
She said that …
B. Some days ago a group of foreign students who attend London University visited the famous British Museum.
Here are some of the statements they made. Rewrite them as indicated below.
E.g. Pedro: I'll tell Carmen to visit the British Museum next year.
Pedro said that he would tell Carmen to visit the British Museum the following year.
1. Ismini: I enjoy visiting museums, especially when it is cold and wet.
Ismini said that ...
2. Maria: I feel really happy when I see a work of art.
Maria confessed that ...
3. Paolo: I hope we won't spend the whole morning in here.
Paolo said that ...
4. Pedro: I'll never forget the time I had visiting the British Museum.
Pedro confessed that ...
5. Monique: Visiting museums is my hobby. I can spend a whole week in the British Museum without getting bored..
Monique said that ...
C. Now look at this example and rewrite the following questions as indicated below.
E.g. Pedro: Where can we buy slides?
Pedro asked where they could buy slides.
1. Ismini: How much does this guidebook to the British Museum cost?
Ismini asked ....
2. Maria: How did the British manage to collect all these beautiful things?
Maria wanted to know ...
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3. Monique: Do you like modern art, Maria?
Monique asked Maria if ...
4. Paolo: Did you visit the National Gallery last week?
Paolo wanted to know if ...
5. Maria: Monique, what's your opinion of this work of art? Do you like it?
Maria asked Monique ...
D. Now read these commands, advices and requests and rewrite them as indicated below:
E. g. Pedro: Don't make so much noise.
Pedro told them not to make so much noise.
1. Ismini: Please, don't walk so fast.
Ismini asked them ...
2. Monique: You should visit the National Gallery; it's worth it.
Monique advised me ...
3. Paolo: Hurry up? It's getting late.
Paolo told them ...
4. Monique: Don't smoke in here, Pedro.
Monique told Pedro ...
E. Rewrite as indicated below. Nr 1 is already done as an example.
1. “I am studying English this year”.
He said that he was studying English that year.
2. “I have visited my parents last week”.
He said that ...
3. “I’ll go to the seaside next summer if I can”.
Mr McMillan said that ...
4.“They went to Spain two weeks ago”.
They wrote me saying that ...
5. “I am not going to the cinema today”.
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ACADEMIA EDEL
She insisted that ...
6. “My daughter wants me to buy her a doll like this one ”.
She said that ...
7. “They will come to our party tomorrow”.
Aunt Mary told me that ...
8. “I cannot understand this passage”.
The pupil told his teacher that ...
9. “Mary won’t come next month. She has a lot of work to do”.
Mary’s mother said that ...
10. “Our children are not studying music this year”.
Mr Johnson said that ...
F. Report the following questions and commands. Nr 1 is already done as an example.
1. “Did you meet my brother yesterday?” Mary asked Jane.
Mary asked Jane if she had met her brother the day before.
2. “Follow that car!” Mr. Smith told the taxi driver.
3. “Wait for me in front of the shoe shop.” Jane told me.
4. “Is this your umbrella?”. Tom asked Peter.
5. “Go out and don’t make a noise!” The teacher told his students.
6. “Can you show me your driving license!” The police asked the lady.
7. “Do you want to come with us to the cinema next weekend?” John asked me.
8. “What are you doing here?” Peter asked Jane.
9. “Why do you have to ask me these silly questions?” Mary asked Peter.
10. “Where have you been lately?” Mary wanted to know
11. “I’ve got something here to show you”, she said.
12. “I am going to meet my grandparents this afternoon”, Peter said.
13. “If it rains today, we will stay at home and we will play the match tomorrow. they said”.
14. “I went to my friend’s birthday party last weekend. I enjoyed it very much”, Mary said.
15. “Why do you speak so loudly?” Mary asked Peter.
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ACADEMIA EDEL
16. “Fred, are you going with us to the cinema tonight?” Mary wanted to know.
17. “Don’t do that again!” Mary advised them.
18. “Don’t get angry with us. They advised Mary.
19. “What hobbies do you have?” She asked me.
20 “Where do you buy the newspaper?” Mary wanted to know.
G. A group of European students went on a ten-day visit to New York. It was the first time they had been there. They were interviewed during their stay. Report what each one said about New York.
Maria Pei, from Italy - It's a perfect choice of holiday for anyone who likes bright lights and lots to do.
Maria said that she …
Nico Ianopolos, from Greece - It's not as expensive as I imagined. You can live here quite cheap if you know the right places to go. Yesterday I had an excellent meal for 5 dollars.
Nico said that he …
Bruce Matlock, from England - I've never seen such a beautiful city in my life.
Bruce said that …
Etienne Mathieu, from France - I love this city. It's very noisy, very dirty, but very full of life. I'll definitely come back next year. Ten days are too short.
Etienne said that she …
Kersti Kristiansen, from Denmark - I don't like New York at all. It's too impersonal. I may not stay here for the full ten days.
Kersti said that she ..
Gilles Poitier, from Luxembourg - I've found the people very friendly and generous. And there seem to be far more integration between black and white people than I imagined.
Giles said that he …
Martin Dressler, from Germany - We don't like the fast food, but the food you get in the restaurant is wonderful. You can get almost everything you like here.
Martin said that he …
H. Report the following questions:
1. “Is your mother at home?”
Mrs Brown asked me ...
2. “Did you receive my letter last week?”
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ACADEMIA EDEL
Laura’s friend asked me ...
3. “Will our Mother be back soon?”
John asked his brother ...
4. “Have you worked as hard as your brother?”
Aunt Mary asked me ...
5. “When did you last see John?”
She wanted to know ...
6. “Which of these books do you want to read?”
I asked her ...
7. “How many English songs can you sing?”
She asked them ...
I. Report the following orders, requests and advices.
1. “Don’t do this again.”
He told me ...
2. “Could you shut this door, please”.
He asked her ..
3. “Will you do it for me?”
He asked her...
4. “You should be a bit more careful.”
He advised her ...
5. "Don't come too late!"
She told him ...
J. Report the following:
1. “It’s late. I have to go home”, he said.
He said that...
2. “I didn’t like the film. I found it very boring”, she said.
She said that ...
3. "I am swimming much better now”, she said.
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ACADEMIA EDEL
She said that ...
4. “Why have you told your mother I was ill?”, he asked him.
He asked him ...
5. “Don’t spend all your pocked money in a day”, she advised him.
She advised him ...
6. “Did you see my brother Robert at school this morning ?”, she asked him.
She asked him ...
7. I will finish all my work tomorrow”, he promised.
He promised that ...
8. “Have you enjoyed your holidays?”, the teacher asked the pupils.
The teacher asked the pupils ...
9. “Take your umbrellas with you. It may rain”.
The mother told her children ...
10. "My parents enjoyed it a lot", she said.
She said that ...
11. "John has given up his job", she told me.
She told me that ...
12."Why don't you come with me", She asked Peter.
She asked Peter ...
13. "Don't you want to go with us?" She asked Peter.
She asked Peter if ...
14. "Can I borrow your book?" asked Peter.
She asked Peter ...
15. ."What can I do to convince you?" She asked Peter.
She asked Peter
16. "Who is going to help me?" Mr Smith asked.
Mr Smith asked ...
17. "Can I speak to Sam?", Jack asked.
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ACADEMIA EDEL
Jack asked ...
18. Take your umbrella, it may rain", His mother told him.
His mother told him...
19. "I have just met your brother in the supermarket," said Alice.
Alice said ...
20. "Tim will not be back before next weekend."
Tim's mother told us ...
21. "Write all these sentences on your exercise-books."
Mr Elliot told the class :::
22. "Did you enjoy your holidays in Greece?"
Mr Elliot asked his neighbour ...
23. "Have you seen your friend Peter lately?",
Mr Elliot asked his son ...
K. Turn into the reported speech.
Note: When the Introductory verb is in the present there are no verb changes
E.g. "I want to go home." He says that he wants to go home
1. "They’ve bought a very beautiful house" .
Mrs Jones has told me that …
2. "My students are very hardworking."
A proud teacher usually says that …
3. "My mother has given me a lot of toys."
Charles says that …
4. "I’ll give you some presents on your birthday too."
My husband promises me that…
EXERCISES Comparative and superlative
A. Write sentences using the comparative of the adjective in brackets.
London/Lisbon (big)
London is Bigger than Lisbon
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ACADEMIA EDEL
2. The Pyramids/ The Eiffel Tower (old)
3. Chinese/English (difficult)
4. Leonard DiCaprio/Sean Connery (young)
5. Reading books/playing games (interesting)
6. A month’s holiday/ A week’s holiday (good)
7. Finland/Portugal (cold)
B. Use the comparative or the superlative of the adjectives in brackets.
1. Serra da Estrela is the_________________ (high) mountain in Portugal.
2.The Tagus river is ____________________ (long) ________ the Douro river.
3. In your opinion who is the ______________ (good) footballer in the world.
4. Listening to good music is much ______________ (relaxing) way to pass the time than watching TV.
C. Use the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. A gold ring is __________________ (expensive) than a silver one. Diamond rings are ______________________ (expensive) of all.
2. Oporto is ______________ (far) from Lisbon than Coimbra, but Bragança is still ____________ (far). Bragança is the _______________ (far) from Lisbon.
3. Have you any ______________ (far) questions on this subject?
4. “The Tempest” is Shakespeare’s ______________ (late) play.
5. “The Valley of the Horses” is Jean Auel’s ________________ (late) novel. But she is already writing another one.
6. London is ______________ (big) Lisbon. London is one of the __________ (big) cities in the world.
7. I don’t like my new History teacher. My former teacher’s classes were much _________ (interesting).
8. Winter days are ____________ (short) and ___________ (cold) than spring days.
9. Aren’t the Chinese ______________ (hard-working) than the Japanese?
D. Complete, using the correct form of the adjective in brackets
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ACADEMIA EDEL
1. Watching TV is not _____________ (interesting) as going to the cinema.
2. This bag is as _________________ (heavy) the other one.
3. This park is not _______________ (big) as others I’ve been to.
4. Playing football is __________ (exciting) sport I know.
5. My new flat is much ______________ (large) than my old one.
6. Lucy is _________________ (lazy) student of her class.
7. My car is _______________ (old) as yours.
8. This village is ____________________ (beautiful) and ____________ (quite) I’ve ever been to.
9. This book is _______________ (expensive) I thought.
10. Mr Brown must lose weight. He is _____________ (heavy) man I know.
11. She’s been on a diet. She’s really much ___________ (thin) now.
12. This hill is not _____________ (high) as the one we've just passed.
E. Use the correct form of the adjectives in brackets
1. Peter is doing ____________ (little) work than before and getting _________ (bad) marks.
2. There is ________________ (many) fish in the sea than you can tell.
3. Tom was the ______________ (good) student and so he received ____________ (many) prizes.
4. He lives at the _______________ (far) end of the street.
5. My house is much ___________ (far) away from the town centre than yours.
6. The _____________ (late) time I saw him he was growing a beard.
7. Have you got any ___________________ (far) questions on the matter?
8. Mrs West’s __________ (old) boy is in the Navy.
F. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjective in brackets
1. I speak _____________ (good) English than my sister.
2. August used to be the __________ (hot) month of the year.
3. There is nothing as ___________ (exciting) travelling.
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ACADEMIA EDEL
4. Is Mount Fuji ____________ (high) mountain in Japan?
5. J.K. Rowling, the author of Harry Potter, is one of the __________ (rich) women in Britain.
6. I don't find History ____________ (interesting) as Geography.
7. Nothing is _____________ (important) than health.
8. I feel _________ (bad) today than yesterday.
9. Your essay is not good. I think you can do _________ (good)
10. Are you on a diet? You look much ____________ (thin)
G. Complete with the correct form of the adjective in brackets, so as to express gradual increase.
The first one is already done for you.
1. The world's problems are getting more and more difficult (difficult) to solve.
2. Experts are getting ____________________________ (concerned) about the future of our planet.
3. As I was feeling ___________________________ (bad) I decided to go to the doctor and see what was wrong with me.
4. Nowadays finding a permanent job is becoming __________________ (difficult)
5. As the interview went on he became ____________________ (convinced) that he would get the job.
6. Ever since you decided to do a lot of practice, you grammar has been getting _________________________ (good)
7. Sunday family dinners at my parents are getting ________________ (frequent)
H. Complete expressing gradual increase.
E.g. The more we recycle, the cleaner our world will be.
1. The _____________ (active) we become in environment defence, the more __________ (aware) of the environmental issues the world will become.
2. The ____________ (great) the danger, the __________ (careful) we should be when transporting chemical waste.
3. The __________ (toxic) a product is the ___________ (cautious) its transportation should be.
4. The ____________ (soon) we all start recycling in our houses, the ____________ (good) the environment will become.
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ACADEMIA EDEL
I. Complete this text about Irish music choosing the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
Ireland’s __________________ 1. (more important/most important) musical export may be the rock band U2, but when people talk about Irish music they are usually referring to a much _________ (older/oldest), and __________ 2. (most traditional/more traditional) style of popular music.
The ______________ 3. (most big/ biggest) names of popular music may play in the same places as the rock stars, but almost every Irish town and village has a pub where you can show up and find a session of traditional Irish music. You can even join if you feel like it.
Perhaps _____________ 4. (the better/ the best) known of the Irish groups is The Chieftains. The Cranberries were one of the__________________5. (more famous/ most famous) groups in the 90’s.
Traditional music has its __________ 6. (stronger/ strongest) followers in Eire.
EXERCISES Relative Clauses
A. Which of these relative clauses are defining and which are non-defining?
1. The new University that they intent to create will specialise in distant learning.
2. The ESSEX company, which was created in 1989, is facing serious difficulties now.
3. The teacher who you spoke to is responsible for the foreign language department.
4. What's the name of the company whose factory we visited yesterday?
5. Mrs West, who I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our project.
6. Mr Edwards, who has worked for the same company all his life, is retiring next month.
7. The boy who she fell in love with left her after a few weeks.
B. Identify the mistakes and correct them
1. Ann, who party we went to last month, has just got a job.
_____________________________________________________
2. I like the course I've chosen it.
_____________________________________________________
3. That's the man who's company was awarded a prize.
_____________________________________________________
4. The job that you want it requires many skills.
_____________________________________________________
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ACADEMIA EDEL
5. The chairs who you brought to the office are very comfortable.
_____________________________________________________
C. Defining relative clauses
Join the following pairs of sentences by means of a relative pronoun.
1. She's the woman. She lives next door.
__________________________________________________________
2. She's the woman. Her husband works at that bookshop just around the corner.
__________________________________________________________
3. I know a big bookshop. It sells all kinds of books.
__________________________________________________________
4. This is the car. We bought it from Ted Elliot.
__________________________________________________________
5. These are the people. I invited them for my party.
__________________________________________________________
D. Non-defining relative clauses.
Join these sentences by means of a relative pronoun. Don't forget the necessary commas.
1. Mrs Elliot went to hospital.. Mrs Elliot had a terrible pain on her back.
_________________________________________________________
2. Ted Elliot is telling David about his problems. Ted's wife left home some days ago.
_________________________________________________________
3. The new disco in Main Street has just opened. Everyone is talking about the disco.
_________________________________________________________
4. Wordsworth was a famous English poet. His house was by Windermere lake
_________________________________________________________
5. My cousin Ted won a tennis tournament. This makes our family very proud of him.
_________________________________________________________
6. That high yellow building on the corner was recently built. There's a solar panel on its roof.
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ACADEMIA EDEL
__________________________________________________________
E. Defining/non-defining relative clauses
Join these sentences by means of a relative pronoun. Don't forget the necessary commas.
1. Thousands of people have been killed in the terrorist attack. They were innocent.
____________________________________________________________________
2. The last match was very good. The match was played between two national top teams.
____________________________________________________________________
3. The coalition soldiers occupied the capital city. They came to protect the population.
____________________________________________________________________
4. One of my best friends has got many cousins. I can’t remember their names.
___________________________________________________________________
5. My friend John runs the best pet shop in town. He is very fond of animals.
___________________________________________________________________
6. My neighbour Sheila complained at the police station. Her house was robbed last night.
___________________________________________________________________
7. Many other neighbours were there too. Their cars were also robbed.
__________________________________________________________________
8. . A police officer is taking note of all the cars. They were robbed last night.
__________________________________________________________________
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9. Neil Armstrong landed on the Moon. He was an American astronaut.
__________________________________________________________________
10. Mr Taylor had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
__________________________________________________________________
11. The keys are on the table. They are mine.
_________________________________________________________________
12. She was dancing with a boy. He is my brother.
_________________________________________________________________
13. That is the Spanish girl. I told you about her last evening.
________________________________________________________________
14. The book is very good. I have just read it.
________________________________________________________________
15. The Johnson's’ boy can speak French very well. I met him in Paris last Summer.
________________________________________________________________
F. Defining/Non-defining
Join the sentences by means of a relative pronoun. Omit it when possible.
1. We often visit our company headquarters. They are only 15 kms away.
____________________________________________________________
2. Ann is one of my closest friends. I have known her for years.
____________________________________________________________
3. They didn't thank us for the help we gave them at work. This was very rude of them.
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____________________________________________________________
4. Our History teacher was late this morning. He comes always on time.
____________________________________________________________
5. The boy is paying no attention at all. The teacher is looking at him.
____________________________________________________________
6. The girl is very pretty. You have talked to her just now.
____________________________________________________________
7. The strike at the shipyard is now over. It lasted 4 days.
____________________________________________________________
8. Our Secretary speaks both English and German fluently. Her mother is German
____________________________________________________________
9. The course gave us a lot of information on time management. I thought it would be useless.
____________________________________________________________
G. Join the sentences by means of a relative pronoun. Omit it when possible.
1. What's the name of the man. You borrowed his car.
________________________________________________________________
2. I met a nice girl. Her mother is an English teacher.
________________________________________________________________
3. The woman is a doctor. She lives next door.
________________________________________________________________
4. Where is the cheese. It was in the fridge.
________________________________________________________________
5. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
_______________________________________________________________
6. Jane went to see the doctor. Jane hasn’t been feeling well lately.
_______________________________________________________________
7. Mark is telling David about his problems. Mark’s wife has left him.
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_______________________________________________________________
8. These are the people. I invited them for my party.
_______________________________________________________________
9. She’s the woman. She lives in Birmingham.
_______________________________________________________________
10. The new disco in High Street is very popular with young people. Everyone is talking about it.
________________________________________________________________________
11. Budy is planning to go to university. This makes his parents very proud of him.
______________________________________________________________
H. Join the sentences by means of a relative pronoun. Omit it when possible.
1. The girl is Ann's sister. She worked as a volunteer in Africa .
____________________________________________________________
2. Ann's father works for an international company. It does business with African countries.
___________________________________________________________
3. My car was quite old. It was destroyed in a crash.
____________________________________________________________
4. Some of the girls are coming to Portugal next year. You met them in Rome.
____________________________________________________________
5. Cultural differences prevented the deal from concluding. The deal was very profitable for both countries.
____________________________________________________________
6. Tolerance is very important nowadays. Most people don't show it towards anything or anyone.
____________________________________________________________
7. Harmony Day is celebrated in Australia. It should become a world celebration.
____________________________________________________________
8. The UNESCO already operates worldwide. It should have more economic power in order to solve situations more efficiently.
____________________________________________________________
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ACADEMIA EDEL
9. The UNESCO agents are often attacked. They must be protected in their humanitarian actions.
____________________________________________________________
10. The friend is studying in Paris. I'm writing this letter to him.
____________________________________________________________
11. Two students are absent today. Their names haven't been called.
____________________________________________________________
12. Have you seen the article? I told you about it yesterday.
____________________________________________________________
13. James Larson is in a difficult situation. His father has just died.
____________________________________________________________
14. My dressmaker went to Paris last year. Her models are highly paid.
____________________________________________________________
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