exercise 7: overview of the skeleton
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Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton. Bio 111 Deborah L. Huber. Lab Exam 2. ALL FILL IN! ALL identifying structures in photos or bones Spelling counts . Terms to know:. Periosteum Diaphysis Epiphysis Spongy bone Compact bone Medullary cavity Endosteum Lamellae - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton
Bio 111Deborah L. Huber
![Page 2: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lab Exam 2ALL FILL IN!ALL identifying structures in photos or bonesSpelling counts
![Page 3: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Terms to know:
• Periosteum• Diaphysis• Epiphysis• Spongy bone• Compact bone• Medullary cavity • Endosteum• Lamellae• Osteocyte in lacuna• Canaliculi• Central canal (Haversian canal)
![Page 4: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
![Page 5: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
![Page 6: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
![Page 7: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
![Page 8: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
![Page 9: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The two subdivisions of the skeleton:
axial skeleton appendicular skeleton
![Page 10: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The two subdivisions of the skeleton:
axial skeleton appendicular skeleton
![Page 11: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The two subdivisions of the skeleton:
axial skeleton appendicular skeleton
![Page 12: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons• Joint surfaces• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
![Page 13: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons• Joint surfaces• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
![Page 14: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons• Joint surfaces• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
![Page 15: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons• Joint surfaces• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
![Page 16: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
![Page 17: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
![Page 18: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
![Page 19: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
![Page 20: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
![Page 21: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Bone Markings: Projections
• Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1)• Head• Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
• Facet• Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
• Condyle• Rounded articular projection
• Ramus• Armlike bar
![Page 22: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bone Markings: Projections
• Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1)• Head• Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
• Facet• Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
• Condyle• Rounded articular projection
• Ramus• Armlike bar
![Page 23: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Bone Markings: Projections
• Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1)• Head• Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
• Facet• Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
• Condyle• Rounded articular projection
• Ramus• Armlike bar
![Page 24: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Bone Textures
• Compact bone• Dense outer layer
• Spongy (cancellous) bone• Honeycomb of trabeculae
![Page 25: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Bone Textures
• Compact bone• Dense outer layer
• Spongy (cancellous) bone• Honeycomb of trabeculae
![Page 26: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Bone Textures
• Compact bone• Dense outer layer
• Spongy (cancellous) bone• Honeycomb of trabeculae
![Page 27: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Figure 6.5
Compactbone
Trabeculae
Spongy bone(diploë)
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The structure of a long bone
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Structure of a Long Bone
• Diaphysis (shaft)• Compact bone collar surrounds
medullary (marrow) cavity• Medullary cavity in adults contains fat
(yellow marrow)
![Page 30: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Diaphysis (shaft)• Compact bone collar surrounds
medullary (marrow) cavity• Medullary cavity in adults contains fat
(yellow marrow)
![Page 31: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Diaphysis (shaft)• Compact bone collar surrounds
medullary (marrow) cavity• Medullary cavity in adults contains fat
(yellow marrow)
![Page 32: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Epiphyses• Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth
plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint
surfaces
![Page 33: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Epiphyses• Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth
plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint
surfaces
![Page 34: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Epiphyses• Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth
plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint
surfaces
![Page 35: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Epiphyses• Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth
plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint
surfaces
![Page 36: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Membranes of Bone
• Periosteum• Outer fibrous layer• Inner osteogenic layer• Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-destroying
cells)• Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
• Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina• Secured to underlying bone by
Sharpey’s fibers
![Page 37: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Membranes of Bone
• Periosteum• Outer fibrous layer• Inner osteogenic layer• Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-destroying
cells)• Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
• Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina• Secured to underlying bone by
Sharpey’s fibers
![Page 38: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Membranes of Bone
• Periosteum• Outer fibrous layer• Inner osteogenic layer• Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-destroying
cells)• Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
• Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina• Secured to underlying bone by
Sharpey’s fibers
![Page 39: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Membranes of Bone
• Periosteum• Outer fibrous layer• Inner osteogenic layer• Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-destroying
cells)• Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
• Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina• Secured to underlying bone by
Sharpey’s fibers
![Page 40: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Membranes of Bone
• Endosteum• Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of
bone
![Page 41: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Membranes of Bone
• Endosteum• Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of
bone
![Page 42: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
![Page 43: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
![Page 44: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
![Page 45: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
![Page 46: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
![Page 47: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals• At right angles to the central
canal• Connects blood vessels and
nerves of the periosteum and central canal
• Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes• Canaliculi—hairlike canals
that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
![Page 48: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals• At right angles to the central
canal• Connects blood vessels and
nerves of the periosteum and central canal
• Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes• Canaliculi—hairlike canals
that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
![Page 49: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals• At right angles to the central
canal• Connects blood vessels and
nerves of the periosteum and central canal
• Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes• Canaliculi—hairlike canals
that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
![Page 50: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone• Trabeculae
• Align along lines of stress• No osteons• Contain irregularly
arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi• Capillaries in endosteum
supply nutrients
![Page 51: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone• Trabeculae
• Align along lines of stress• No osteons• Contain irregularly
arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi• Capillaries in endosteum
supply nutrients
![Page 52: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone• Trabeculae
• Align along lines of stress• No osteons• Contain irregularly
arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi• Capillaries in endosteum
supply nutrients
![Page 53: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
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One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
![Page 63: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
![Page 64: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
![Page 65: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
![Page 66: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
![Page 67: Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061423/5681660e550346895dd94efd/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Closer…
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Closer…
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Closer…
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Closer…