executive summary protected areas akarÇay...

Technical Assistance on Economic Analyses within River Basin Management Plans and Water Efficiency Aspects in 3

Pilot River Basins in Turkey

Project Identification No: EuropeAid/136659/IH/SER/TR

Contract No: TR2013/0327.07.01-01/001

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROTECTED AREAS

AKARÇAY BASIN

Draft 03

This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey

National Programme for Turkey 2013 –

Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Project Title : Technical Assistance on Economic Analyses within River Basin

Management Plans and Water Efficiency Aspects in 3 Pilot River Basins in Turkey

Contract Number : TR2013/0327.07.01-01/001 Project Value : 4.092.125,00 € Starting Date : 29/05/2017 End Date / Duration : 29/05/2020 / 36 months

Contracting Authority : CFCU (Ministry of Treasury and Finance Central Finance and Contracts Unit) CFCU Project Manager : Mr. M. Selim Uslu, PAO- CFCU Director CFCU Contract Manager : Ms. Cemile Akıllı Address : T.C. Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı Kampüsü E Blok Inönü Bulvarı No: 36, 06510, Emek / Ankara, Turkey Telephone : + 90 312 295 49 00 Fax : + 90 312 286 70 72 e-mail : [email protected]

Beneficiary : Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Address : Beştepe Mahallesi Alparslan Türkeş Caddesi No: 71, 06510, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey Telephone : + 90 312 207 50 00 Fax : + 90 312 207 51 87

Consultant : Técnica y Proyectos S.A. (TYPSA) Project Director : Mr Rafael LÓPEZ MANZANO Address : Calle Gomera 9, San Sebastian de los Reyes, 28703, Madrid, Spain Telephone : +34 91 722 73 00 Fax : +34 91 651 75 88 e-mail : Project Team Leader : Rosa MONZÓ ENGUIX Address (Project Office) : Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2139.Sokak No. 19 / 9-10, Reyhan Plaza, 06520 Çankaya - Ankara Telephone/Fax : Cel. +34 610 257 309 e-mail : [email protected]

Report : EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 0105. PROTECTED AREAS AKARÇAY

BASIN. Date of Report : 30.04.2019 (Draft 03) 30.05.2018 (Draft 02) 23.05.2018 (Draft 01) Compiled By : Rosa MONZÓ ENGUIX Peter RONČÁK Çiğdem UNAL Oytun ARIKAN Checked By : Peter RONČÁK

mailto:[email protected]


Technical Assistance on Economic Analyses within River Basin Management Plans and Water Efficiency Aspects in 3 Pilot River Basins in Turkey (TR2013/0327.07.01-01/001)

AKARÇAY BASIN PROTECTED AREAS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

LIST OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1

2. REGISTER OF PROTECTED AREAS ......................................................................... 4

2.1. Areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human

consumption ................................................................................................... 4

2.2. Areas designated for the protection of economically significant aquatic

species ............................................................................................................ 9

2.3. Bodies of water designated as recreational waters, including bathing waters ...

................................................................................................................ 10

2.4. Nutrient-sensitive areas ................................................................................ 11

2.5. Areas designated for the protection of habitats or species ............................ 14

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Summary of protected areas, Akarçay Basin. ................................................................................. 1

Table 2. Values proposed to codify each type and subtype in the protected areas Register. ..................... 2

Table 3. Data sources used for drinking water resources. ........................................................................... 6

Table 4. Specific Objectives for inland bathing waters (as per the Bathing Water Directive). ................... 10

Table 5. Specific Objectives for coastal and transitional bathing waters (as per the Bathing Water Directive). ................................................................................................................................................... 10

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption, surface water, Akarçay RB. ................................................................................................................................................... 8

Figure 2. Areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption, groundwater, Akarçay RB. ................................................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 3. Sensitive areas, Akarçay Basin. .................................................................................................... 13

Figure 4. Vulnerable Areas, Akarçay Basin. ................................................................................................ 14

Figure 5. Areas Designated for the Protection of Habitats or Species, Akarçay Basin. .............................. 17




LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BPAP: Basin Protection Action Plan

DGNCNP: Directorate General of Nature Conservation and National Parks

DGWM: Directorate General of Water Management (MoAF)

DSI: State Hydraulic Works

EC: European Commission

EU: European Union

MoAF: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

MoEU: Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation

MoH: Ministry of Health

MoIT Ministry of Industry and Technology

OG: Official Gazette

RB: River Basin

SAC: Special Areas of Conservation

SCI: Sites of Community Importance

SPAs: Special Provincial Administrations

WB: Water body

WFD: Water Framework Directive

WWTP: Waste Water Treatment Plan




Page 1

1. INTRODUCTION

In accordance with the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the protected areas are identified as those

requiring special protection under existing national or European legislation, either to protect their

surface water or groundwater, or to conserve habitats or species that directly depend on those waters.

We have carried out a Register of Protected Areas, as defined in article 6 of the WFD. The register or

registers shall include all protected areas covered by Annex IV of the WFD and all bodies of water

identified under Article 7(1). The register consists of an inventory of protected area sites representing

the categories outlined below:

Areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption (under Article

7 of WFD) […]

Areas designated for the protection of economically significant aquatic species.

Bodies of water designated as recreational waters, including areas designated as bathing

waters under Directive 2006/7/EC.

Nutrient-sensitive areas, including areas designated as vulnerable zones under Directive

91/676/EEC and areas designated as sensitive areas under Directive 91/271/EEC.

Areas designated for the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or

improvement of the status of water is an important factor in their protection, including

relevant Natura 2000 sites designated under Directive 92/43/EEC and Directive 09/147/EEC.

The Surface Water Quality By-Law, (Official Gazette -OG- 28483, 30.11.2012) includes the list of

Protected Areas to be considered in Surface Water Bodies in Turkey, in accordance with the WFD. Even

though, since Turkey is not a member of the European Union (EU), there is not yet a register of the

protected areas in accordance with WFD and EU relevant Directives (e.g. Natura 2000). Meanwhile,

there are protected areas that have been defined in accordance with the Turkish legislation.

For each type of protected area sites, we hereby compile the relevant regulations. In each case the

protected areas are to meet the requirements of the applicable standards and to achieve the additional

environmental objectives proposed in them when they are more stringent than status objective.

Only those protected areas associated with either surface or groundwater bodies have been

considered.

The table below shows the summary of protected areas for the Basin.

Table 1. Summary of protected areas, Akarçay Basin.

Type of protected area Subtype Number

Areas designated for the abstraction of

water intended for human consumption

Surface 3

Groundwater

220 (MoH)

41 (DSI)




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Type of protected area Subtype Number

Bodies of water designated as

recreational waters, including bathing

waters

Bathing waters -

Vulnerable zones Vulnerable 8

Sensitive areas Sensitive 11

Areas designated for the protection of

habitats or species

Wetlands 3

National Parks 1

Natural Parks 2

Natural Reserve Areas -

Wildlife Improvement Areas -

Specially Protected Environment Areas -

The register information has been prepared in GIS and in order to identify each protected area we have

proposed a coding system with the following elements TR AA PP T NNNN:

TR: Code for Turkey

AA: River Basin Code. We shall use the same codes proposed for River Basins (RB) in the water

bodies coding system currently used in Turkey. For instance, Akarçay River Basin has code 11,

Yeşilırmak River Basin 14 and Batı Akdeniz River Basin 08.

PP: a 2 digits code will be used to identify the type of protected area.

T: a 1-digit code will be used to identify different subtypes belonging to the same type of

protected area.

NNNN: a 4 digits code will be used to number the protected areas belonging to each RB, type

and subtype of protected area.

Next table includes the values proposed to codify each type and category of protected area.

Table 2. Values proposed to codify each type and subtype in the protected areas Register.

Type of protected area Subtype description Code to identify

the type

Code to identify

the subtype

Areas designated for the abstraction of Surface 01 1




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Type of protected area Subtype description Code to identify

the type

Code to identify

the subtype

water intended for human consumption -

Current Groundwater 2

Areas designated for the abstraction of

water intended for human consumption -

Planned

Surface

02

1

Groundwater 2


economically significant aquatic species - 03 1

Bodies of water designated as recreational

waters, including bathing waters Bathing waters 04 1

Vulnerable zones Vulnerable 05 1

Sensitive areas Sensitive 06 1


habitats or species

Wetlands

07

1

Other (National Parks,

Natural Parks, Natural

Reserve Areas and Wildlife

Improvement Areas)

2

Specially Protected

Environment Areas 3

According with the codes described, the final Register of Protected Areas has been prepared and is

available in the report Annex. The main fields in this table are the following ones:

Protected area code: unique code for each protected area according with the coding system

mentioned above

Protected area name (when it has one)

Water Body (WB) code

WB name




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2. REGISTER OF PROTECTED AREAS

2.1. AREAS DESIGNATED FOR THE ABSTRACTION OF WATER INTENDED FOR

HUMAN CONSUMPTION

NORMATIVE BASIS

The Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC) concerns the quality of water intended for human

consumption. Its objective is to protect human health from adverse effects of any contamination of

water intended for human consumption by ensuring that it is wholesome and clean. According to it

‘water intended for human consumption’ shall mean:

(a) all water either in its original state or after treatment, intended for drinking, cooking, food

preparation or production, or other domestic purposes, regardless of its origin.

b) all water used in any food-production undertaking for the manufacture, processing, preservation or

marketing of products or substances intended for human consumption unless the competent national

authorities are satisfied that the quality of the water cannot affect the wholesomeness of the foodstuff

in its finished form.

Article 7 of the WFD, Waters used for the abstraction of drinking water, states the following:

1. Member States shall identify, within each river basin district:

all bodies of water used for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption providing

more than 10 m3 a day as an average or serving more than 50 persons, and

those bodies of water intended for such future use. […]

PROTECTION PRINCIPLES AND AREAS FOR SURFACE WATERS

Regarding drinking water protection zones, they are regulated in Turkey by By-Law on Protection of

Drinking Water Basins, Official Gazette 30224, 28.10.2017, MoAF, whose purpose is to establish

methods and principles in order to protect the quality and the quantity of the surface and groundwater

sources from which drinking water is supplied, or planned to be supplied. It establishes the Protection

Principles and Areas for Surface Waters, including:

Protection Principles for natural lakes, reservoirs and dams. The regulation defines protection

zones (Absolute, Proximate, Mediate and Remote), their boundaries and the human uses

limitations. The absolute protection zone is a 300 m wide zone starting from the maximum

water level of the natural lakes, reservoirs and dams that supply or may supply drinking water.

The proximate protection zone is a 700 m -wide zone starting from the absolute protection

zone’s boundary, of natural lakes, reservoirs and dams that supply or may supply drinking

water. The mediate protection zone is a 1000 m wide zone starting from the proximate

protection zone’s boundary, of natural lakes, reservoirs and dams that supply or may supply

drinking water. The remote protection zone is the whole drinking water basin that is outside of

the absolute, proximate and mediate protection zones of the natural lakes, reservoirs and dams




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that supply or may supply drinking water. Finally, the protection areas of the reservoirs end at

the catchment area of the first reservoir in upstream direction.

General protection principles for creeks, brooks and rivers and protection zones. The area

having a radius of 300 m in the upstream direction and with a center in the weir, bank, or any

other water intake structure aiming to protect creek, brook and rivers that supply or may

supply shall be nationalised by the administration using the drinking water. In this zone, any

kind of construction or activity shall not be permitted other than the obligatory technical

facilities of the drinking water project. Further conditions are set in the mentioned By-Law.

On this matter, the mentioned protection zones for the existing surface water (which have an exact

abstraction point) for human consumption (Absolute, Proximate and Mediate for dams and protection

zones for creeks, brooks and rivers) have been proposed. For the planned surface water sources,

protection zones have not been proposed.

PROTECTION AREAS FOR GROUND WATERS

The protected areas for ground water are identified by the By-law on Protection of Groundwater

Against Pollution and Deterioration (Official Gazette 28257, 7.04.2012) and are determined by General

Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ). By-Law on Protection of Drinking Water Basins refers to this

by-law in the Article 14.

The purpose of the By-law on Protection of Groundwater against Pollution and Deterioration is the

preservation of the existing state of the ground waters (when good), the prevention of pollution and

deterioration of ground waters. In order to protect wells, springs, sources, catchments, tunnels, galleries

and similar structures used for the public drinking water supply: It is not allowed to construct solid

landfılls or liquid waste discharges closer than 50 m to the mentioned groundwater sources. In order to

implement this protection measure, 50 m around the ground water source are surrounded by barbed

wire.

The Communiqué on Drinking Water Supply and the Aquifer Protection of Sources (Official Gazette

28437, 10.10.2012) establishes that absolute, first and second degree protection zones are declared for

springs with an annual average flow of 50 l/s or more, while as absolute protection zones are declared

for springs with an annual average flow below 50 l/s, and if additional measures are deemed necessary

for activities outside the absolute protection zone, they are determined by DSİ. The relevant institution

for determining the mentioned protected zones is General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works and it

requires specific studies in each case. The protected areas have not been determined yet. They should

be determined in the second cycle of the RBMP. Meanwhile, in this first planning cycle, the

circumference of the absolute protection area – fifty meters (50 m) is designated as the protected area

for Ground Waters.

Bottled water protection zones are regulated in Turkey by the Board established in Provincial Health

Directorates in accordance with the By-law on Water Intended for Human Consumption, Official

Gazette 25730, 17.02.2005 (MoH) whose purpose is to determine protection zones.

On this matter, data obtained from the Ministry of Health is used to determine the protection zones for

bottled water. Protection distances specifically designated for each resource by the Ministry have been

used as protection zones for bottled waters.




Page 6

Finally, water resources used for food production process are also regulated in Turkey in accordance

with the By-law on Water Intended for Human Consumption, Official Gazette 25730, 17.02.2005

(MoH). Quality standards of the water used for food production process shall follow microbiological

parameters, chemical parameters, indicator parameters and radioactive parameters which are given in

the By-Law.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

The WFD specifies that protected areas require special protection under other relevant EC Directives.

Waters used for drinking purposes are identified as protected areas and these areas have their own

objectives and standards. Currently in Turkey, the By-law on the Quality of Surface Water Intended or

Planning for the Abstraction of Drinking Water, Official Gazette 28338, 29.06.2012, defines the

thresholds values for three categories (depending on the degree of raw water treatment): A1, A2 and

A3. The values for the category A1 are proposed as the specific objectives for the drinking water

protected areas in the River Basin.

The quality status of the groundwater used and/or planned to be used for drinking water supply is

assessed according to the specific objectives stated in the By-law on Waters Intended for Human

Consumption, Official Gazette 25730, 17.02.2005. Groundwater used for drinking water supply must

meet the quality standards for physical, chemical, radioactive and microbiological parameters included

in this By-law.

DATA

Regarding the data used, we have checked and updated the information contained in the Akarçay Basin

Master Plan Report (DSI, 2013) concerning current and planned drinking water sources (surface and

ground waters) with the one obtained from the sources detailed in the following table.

Table 3. Data sources used for drinking water resources.

Type of abstraction of

water intended for

human consumption

Data source/ Institution Notes

Surface water

Project for the Assessment

of Drinking Water

Resources and Treatment

Plants in Turkey (ISBIS),

(DGWM, 2017)

Inventory of existing and planned drinking water facilities

for surface water

DSİ allocations/ GIS data

from RD of DSI

Additional surface water has been added to those obtained

from Master Plans and ISBIS as per DSI data including

allocated volumes.

MoH

The MoH inventory includes both surface and groundwater

resources used for drinking purposes. The volume of the

abstracted water is not required since the water resources

registered by MoH correspond with the Directive

requirements (10 m3/day-more than 50 persons)




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Type of abstraction of

water intended for

human consumption

Data source/ Institution Notes

Special provincial

administrations and

Metropolitan

Municipalities

Groundwater

General:

MoH

DSİ allocations/ GIS data

from RD of DSI

Hydrogeological survey

report (DSİ)

Master Plans

Metropolitan

Municipalities

Special Provincial

Administrations

DG National State

Ilbank data

MoH inventory includes coordinates of ground water used

for human consumption; the inventory took in

consideration the data from SPAs, DSI, Water and Sewer

Administrations, etc., and was checked through field

surveys. The volume of the abstracted water is not required

since the water resources registered by MoH correspond

with the Directive requirements (10 m3/day-more than 50

persons)

Hydrogeological survey report (DSİ) is only available for

Akarçay; in the other two basins the information is partial

(it doesn´t cover the full basin) and the records are not

updated. As DSI RD data are available, we decided not to

use these partial data.

Regarding DG National State, the information avaIlable is

the same than provided by DSI.

Food Industry

(such as manufacture,

processing and

preserving of fruit and

vegetable juice, dairy

products, beverages)

Ministry of Industry and

Technology (MoIT)

DSİ allocations

As MoIT data do not include information related with the abstraction source coordinates, the relevant table is also included in Annex A.5

Bottled Water

MoH

DSI allocations

The coordinates of MoH data indicates only one source among the several sources indicated per company for the bottled water. The other water sources should be investigated for the 2nd cycle of RBMP. Natural mineral waters are not included in the bottled water list.

When there is information about the population or the daily volume served by each water abstraction

point intended for drinking water, only the abstractions above 10 m3 a day have been considered. When

such information is not available, we have preliminarily considered the proposed list as protected areas.

In addition, the list of drinking waters which are not associated with a water body (surface and

ground) is given in Annex A.5.




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RESULTS

The areas designated for the abstraction of surface water intended for human consumption (existing

and planned) are shown in next map, together with the protection zones for the existing ones.

Figure 1. Areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption, surface water, Akarçay RB.

Source: authors based on ISBIS, Master Plan, DSI allocations, MoH

The only dam used for drinking water supply currently in the basin is Akdeğirmen Dam, which meets the

potable water needs of Afyonkarahisar city center.

There is a dam planned by State Hydraulic Works (DSI) also for water supply, the Çay dam. Both have

allocated volumes above 10 m³ per day. DSI allocates an additional volume from surface water (Nazilli

Stream).

The areas designated for the abstraction of groundwater (including wells and springs) intended for

human consumption (existing) have been represented in next map, taking in consideration only those

on delineated groundwater bodies. It should also include the sources of water used for food industry

(such as manufacture, processing and preserving of fruit and vegetable juice, dairy products, beverages),

44 wells for 36 enterprises as per DSI allocations.

Accordingly, the number of water abstractions intended for human consumption (groundwater) is 220

as per MoH data and 41 as per DSI data. The springs used for bottled water have also been provided by

MoH and DSI, there are 2 in the basin.




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Figure 2. Areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption, groundwater, Akarçay RB.

Source: MoH, DSI allocations

2.2. AREAS DESIGNATED FOR THE PROTECTION OF ECONOMICALLY

SIGNIFICANT AQUATIC SPECIES

The Freshwater Fish Directive (2006/44/EC) aims to protect or improve the quality of those running or

standing waters which support (or which, if pollution were reduced or eliminated, would become

capable of supporting) fish belonging to native species offering a natural diversity or species whose

presence is judged desirable for water management purposes by the competent authorities of the

Member States.

On the other hand, the Shellfish Waters Directive (2006/113/EC) aims to protect and, where necessary,

improve the quality of shellfish waters in order to support life and growth of shellfish (bivalve and

gastropod molluscs) and therefore contribute to the high quality of shellfish products available for

human consumption.

Both Directives were revoked on 22 December 2013 as part of the Water Framework Directive.

Regarding the Freshwater Fish Directive, the standards defined in the WFD for Good Status will set the

same protection to these protected areas for fish. Regarding the Shellfish Waters Directive

(2006/113/EC), most of the chemical and physical water quality standards for the Shellfish Waters

Directive are covered by the standards and procedures of the Water Framework Directive.

The By-law on protection and improvement of Salmonid Waters and Cyprinid Waters (Official Gazette

28880, 12.01.2014) aims the protection and improvement of the quality of freshwaters in which




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naturally diverse fish species live, as well as the development of monitoring and pollution reduction

programs for such waters.

At the date of this report, there are no areas designated for protection of economically significant

aquatic species in the River Basin, therefore no register can currently be proposed.

2.3. BODIES OF WATER DESIGNATED AS RECREATIONAL WATERS, INCLUDING

BATHING WATERS

NORMATIVE BASIS AND DATA

The scope of the Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC) is to preserve, protect, and improve the quality

of the environment and to protect human health. This Directive shall apply to any element of surface

water where the competent authority expects a large number of people to bathe and has not imposed a

permanent bathing prohibition or issued permanent advice against bathing (hereinafter bathing water).

Concerning the bodies of water designated as recreational waters in Turkey, including bathing waters,

the used source is the following site http://yuzme.saglik.gov.tr/, from which data have been

downloaded in April 2018; the website includes both designated coastal and inland bathing areas. Those

waters are regulated in Turkey by:

the By-law on quality of bathing waters (Official Gazette 26048, 09.01.2006); it is the one

currently applied when monitoring the bathing waters.

The Surface Water Quality By-Law (Official Gazette 28483, 30.11.2012, MoAF). Its table 6 includes the standard values for coastal and transitional bathing waters.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

As mentioned, a draft of a new by-law based on the Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC) is currently

being prepared, therefore the mentioned Directive should be the reference regarding specific objectives

until the by-law is implemented. On this matter, the objectives set in the Directive are summarised in

next tables.

Table 4. Specific Objectives for inland bathing waters (as per the Bathing Water Directive).

Parameter Excellent quality Good quality Sufficient

Intestinal enterococci (cfu/100 ml) 200 (*) 400 (*) 330 (**)

Escherichia coli (cfu/100 ml) 500 (*) 1000 (*) 900 (**)

(*) Based upon a 95‑percentile evaluation. (**) Based upon a 90‑percentile evaluation.

Table 5. Specific Objectives for coastal and transitional bathing waters (as per the Bathing Water Directive).

Parameter Excellent quality Good quality Sufficient

Intestinal enterococci (cfu/100 ml) 100 (*) 200 (*) 185 (**)

Escherichia coli (cfu/100 ml) 250 (*) 500 (*) 500 (**)

(*) Based upon a 95‑percentile evaluation. (**) Based upon a 90‑percentile evaluation.

http://yuzme.saglik.gov.tr/




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RESULTS

No bodies of water are designated as recreational waters (including areas designated as bathing waters)

in Akarçay River Basin.

2.4. NUTRIENT-SENSITIVE AREAS


The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) aims to protect water quality by preventing nitrates from

agricultural sources polluting ground and surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming

practices. "Nitrate Vulnerable Zones" referred to in Article 3 of the Directive 91/676/EEC shall be

identified making use of the following criteria, set out in Annex I:

1. whether surface freshwaters, in particular those used or intended for the abstraction of drinking

water, contain or could contain, if action pursuant to Article 5 is not taken, more than the

concentration of nitrates laid down in accordance with Directive 75 /440/EEC;

2. whether groundwaters contain more than 50 mg/ l nitrates or could contain more than 50 mg/ l

nitrates if action pursuant to Article 5 is not taken;

3. whether natural freshwater lakes, other freshwater bodies, estuaries, coastal waters and

marine waters are found to be eutrophic or in the near future may become eutrophic if action

pursuant to Article 5 is not taken.

The Urban Waste Water Directive (91/271/ECC) aims to protect the environment from the adverse

effects of the wastewater discharges. A water body must be identified as a sensitive area if it falls into

one of the following groups, according to the criteria laid down in Annex II:

a) natural freshwater lakes, other freshwater bodies, estuaries and coastal waters which are found to be

eutrophic or which in the near future may become eutrophic if protective action is not taken. The

following elements might be taken into account when considering which nutrient should be reduced by

further treatment:

i. lakes and streams reaching lakes/reservoirs/closed bays which are found to have a poor water

exchange, whereby accumulation may take place. In these areas, the removal of phosphorus

should be included unless it can be demonstrated that the removal will have no effect on the

level of eutrophication. Where discharges from large agglomerations are made, the removal of

nitrogen may also be considered;

ii. estuaries, bays and other coastal waters which are found to have a poor water exchange, or

which receive large quantities of nutrients. Discharges from small agglomerations are usually of

minor importance in those areas, but for large agglomerations, the removal of phosphorus

and/or nitrogen should be included unless it can be demonstrated that the removal will have no

effect on the level of eutrophication;




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b) surface freshwaters intended for the abstraction of drinking water which could contain more than the

concentration of nitrate laid down under the relevant provisions of Council Directive 75/440/EEC of 16

June 1975 concerning the quality required of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking

water in the Member States (') if action is not taken;

c) areas where further treatment than the one prescribed in the Article 4 of this Directive is necessary to

fulfil Council Directives.

Concerning nutrient-sensitive areas, the By-Law on Determination of Sensitive Water Bodies and Areas

Affecting These Water Bodies and Improvement of Water Quality (Official Gazette 29927, 23.12.2016,

MoAF) –hereafter By-law on Sensitive Water Bodies- contains the following lists for the whole country:

Designated Urban Sensitive Areas (Annex 5 table 8),

Designated Nitrate Sensitive Areas (Annex 5 table 7).

All the lists are basin based and indicate the water body code and name for rivers and lakes.

The areas designated as sensitive areas under Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban wastewater

treatment shall be the Urban Sensitive Areas as per the mentioned by –law. Therefore, we shall map the

drainage areas mentioned in the related table as urban sensitive areas.

Concerning vulnerable areas under Directive 91/676/EEC dealing with the protection of waters against

pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, they should be delineated according to the By-

law on the Protection of Waters against Pollution caused by Nitrates from Agricultural Sources (Official

Gazette 29779, 23.07.2016). However, the vulnerable zones have not been identified until now.

Therefore, we shall consider as such the Designated Nitrate Sensitive Areas in the By-law on Sensitive

Water Bodies while as the final zones will be identified in the 2nd cycle.

SENSITIVE AREAS RESULTS, SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND MEASURES

The 11 Urban Sensitive Areas designated for Akarçay Basin have been represented in next map

according with the By-law on Sensitive Water Bodies (Table 8 of the by-law used for the map).




Page 13

Figure 3. Sensitive areas, Akarçay Basin.

Source: authors based on By-law on Sensitive Water Bodies

According to the By-Law on Determination of Sensitive Water Bodies and Areas Affecting These Water

Bodies and Improvement of Water Quality, “Action plans comprising the measures to be implemented

in the urban sensitive areas shall be prepared by the Ministry, jointly with the Ministry of Environment

and Urbanisation, and they shall be published within the 6 months after the publication of this By-Law”.

The responsible institution is the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation (MoEU) and Ministry of

Agriculture and Forestry (MoAF).

VULNERABLE AREAS RESULTS, SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND MEASURES

The 8 nitrate sensitive areas (Vulnerable Areas) designated for Akarçay Basin have been represented in

next map according with the By-law on Sensitive Water Bodies.




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Figure 4. Vulnerable Areas, Akarçay Basin.

Source: authors based on By-law on Sensitive Water Bodies

In the by-law, the implementation of Agricultural Pollution Control measures through Good Agricultural

Practices is foreseen in the nitrate sensitive areas in the basin. A 50% load reduction is foreseen and the

starting date for its application is 2023. The responsible institution is the Ministry of Agriculture and

Forestry (MoAF).

2.5. AREAS DESIGNATED FOR THE PROTECTION OF HABITATS OR SPECIES


The register of protected areas required under Article 6 of the WFD shall include areas designated for

the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of the water status is an

important factor in their protection.

European Legislation

The aim of the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) is to contribute towards ensuring bio-diversity through

the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Measures shall be designed to maintain

or restore, at favourable conservation status, natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of

Community interest.

The EU Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds covers the protection, management and

control of these species and lays down rules for their exploitation, and shall apply to birds, their eggs,




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nests and habitats. Special conservation measures concerning their habitat shall be applied for species

in danger of extinction; species vulnerable to specific changes in their habitat; species considered rare;

other species requiring particular attention for reasons of the specific nature of their habitat.

Natura 2000 is the European network of protected sites that represent areas of the highest value for

natural habitats and species of plants and animals. Natura 2000 applies to natural habitat types listed in

Annex I and habitats of the species listed in Annex II. The Natura 2000 network includes also the special

protection areas classified by the Member States pursuant to Directive 2009/147/EC.

Turkish Legislation

The ongoing project “Technical Assistance for Strengthening the National Nature Protection System

for Implementation of Natura 2000 Requirements” has the purpose of strengthening the institutional

and technical capacity to select and design Natura 2000 network in Turkey. The project largely focuses

on the requirements of Article 4 of the Bird Directive and Article 4 and Annex III of the Habitats

Directive: selecting sites eligible as Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Sites of Community Importance

(SCI) and designating Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), based on scientific criteria. Results from this

project will be incorporated in the Register of Protected Areas once it is completed and the protected

areas are designated.

Meanwhile, although still not completely aligned with the Acquis Communitaire, Turkey has a sound

legislative framework on biodiversity conservation. The next legislation has been identified as relevant

for the development of the Register of such Protected Areas.

National Parks, Natural Parks and Natural Reserve Areas were named as protected areas by Law n. 2873

on National Parks (11.08.1983).

Decree Law n. 645 on the Organization and Duties of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry specifically

authorises the mentioned Ministry for conservation, improvement, and sustainable management of

forests, wildlife resources, and biodiversity.

Natural habitats of endangered wild animals are taken under protection pursuant to the Law n. 4915 on

Land Hunting (2003), with a view to conserve these species with their habitats without damaging their

ecosystems. As a result, areas all over Turkey have been declared as Wild Life Improvement Areas.

By-Law on the Conservation of Wetlands (Amendment in Official Gazette 28962, 4.04.2014) aims to

define the principles and rules of protecting wetlands and their habitat as well as their rational handling

and management. Under this Law, a National Wetlands Committee is established to determine (among

other duties) the wetlands that should be included in the list of the RAMSAR Convention. Wetlands are

crucial breeding areas for bird species, hot spots of biodiversity and ecosystems providing essential

services to the environment and to the human communities. At the same time, wetlands are among the

most threatened ecosystems in Turkey.

Data

Information about areas designated for the protection of habitats or species is available at the Ministry

of Agriculture and Forestry (MoAF), Directorate General of Nature Conservation and Natural Parks




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(DGNCNP) database, Basin Protection Action Plans (BPAP) provided by DGWM and Master Plans

provided by DSI. Among those areas we may find:

Wetlands and lakes with some protection including RAMSAR sites,

National Parks (natural area having both natural and cultural values of rare stand and natural,

recreational and touristic sites),

Natural Parks (natural areas containing characteristic vegetation and wildlife features and

suitable for recreation activities and repose of public in its scenic wholeness),

Natural Reserve Areas (natural areas that are designated to be used only for scientific and

educational purposes containing rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems and/or species

and outstanding samples brought about by natural phenomena, and which should definitely be

protected),

Wildlife Improvement Areas.

Finally, other sites to be considered are the Specially Protected Environment Areas. They are defined in

the article 9 of the Environmental Law as areas vulnerable to environmental pollution and degradation

that have countrywide and worldwide ecological importance. The designated areas in Turkey are

spawning grounds especially for sea turtles and habitats of Mediterranean seals. The data on Specially

Protected Environment Areas have been obtained from the Basin Protection Action Plan (DGWM)

geodatabase and checked on the website of General Directorate for Protection of Natural Assets

(Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation, MoEU).

Among the mentioned sites, only those linked with waterbodies in the basins have been considered as

those in which the maintenance or improvement of the water status is an important factor in their

protection.

RESULTS

There are 3 wetlands in the basin, none of them is a RAMSAR site (as per the official website of Ramsar

Convention, https://www.ramsar.org): Akşehir Gölü, Eber Gölü and Karamık Sazlığı.

Eber and Akşehir Lakes were declared “1st Degree Natural Site Area” in 1992. Eber and Akşehir Lakes

are also Nationally Important Wetlands. The third wetland in the same basin is Karamık Lake; it was

declared “1st Degree Natural Site Area” in 1993 by Konya Cultural and Natural Assets Protection Board

(decision number 1669).

Akarçay Basin also includes:

1 National Park: Başkomutan Milli Parkı.

2 Natural Parks: 26 Ağutos and Frig Vadisi.

https://www.ramsar.org/news/more-than-140-participants-from-57-countries-attend-the-54th-standing-committee-of-the-ramsar

https://www.ramsar.org/news/more-than-140-participants-from-57-countries-attend-the-54th-standing-committee-of-the-ramsar

https://www.ramsar.org/




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Figure 5. Areas Designated for the Protection of Habitats or Species, Akarçay Basin.

Source: authors based on DGNCNP

This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of TYPSA-EGIS-DOLSAR

Consortium and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

executive summary protected areas akarÇay...

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