executive summary - doe.gov.my · the project title for which this detailed eia report is prepared,...

MALAKOFF CORPORATION BERHAD

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF A PROPOSED 2X1000MW EXTENSION AT

TANJUNG BIN COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT, MUKIM SERKAT, DAERAH PONTIAN, JOHOR DARUL

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1 PROJECT TITLE

The Project title for which this Detailed EIA Report is prepared, is known as the “Proposed 2x1,000

MW Extension at Tanjung Bin Coal-Fired Power Plant, Mukim Serkat, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul

Takzim” (hereinafter known as the “Project”).

The project is to be located within the existing 3x700 MW Tanjung Bin power plant land holding. The

existing power plant is located on the western bank of Sg. Pulai estuary. Road access to the power

plant is via the Federal Route 95 to Permas Kecil, and a local road Route J111 leading to the main

site access road.

The Project will occupy an area of about 235 acres (of the total 900 acres), which consist of two

power generating units of 1,000 MW each. Shared facilities with the existing plant will include the coal

unloading jetty, fly ash jetty, ash pond and main cooling water intake.

This Detailed EIA report has examined the potential environmental impacts on the extension of the

Project and assessed the cumulative impacts with the existing operation of the power plant.

2 STATEMENT OF NEED

Malakoff Corporation Berhad (MCB) is committed to providing a reliable and cost-effective electricity

supply to meet the current and future power requirements of the country. The provision of adequate,

reliable and low cost electricity is considered vital to the continuing economic success of Malaysia.

The total installed generation capacity in Peninsular Malaysia in 2010 is 21,817MW (Energy

Commission, 2010). The first-generation IPPs which have a collective generation capacity of around

3,353MW (Energy Commission, 2010) will expire in stages from 2014 to 2016. In addition, the

government has also shelved the planned 2000MW power import from Bakun to Peninsular Malaysia

in view of Sarawak’s own demand for energy to be used by heavy industries that will be built in the

state.

For the period of 2010 to 2020, the peak demand is expected to grow by 3.2% and is expected to

reach 18,000 MW by 2016. Given the cancellation of the Bakun submarine cable from East to West

Malaysia, expiration of the first generation IPPs concessions and expected increase in GDP growth,

there will be critical shortfall in Peninsular Malaysia’s power generating capacity and reserve margin

commencing from the end of 2014 onwards.

The power sector also faces a major challenge of lack of gas supply driven by depletion of domestic

gas resources. The gas supply to the power sector has been limited to 1350 mmscfd since 2002 and

further reduced to 1250 mmscfd effective March 2009 (TNB, 2010). With the rapid depletion,

Peninsular Malaysia can no longer rely heavily on domestic gas for electricity generation in the future.




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LNG import is an alternative option for power generation, however, it poses a higher risk of price

volatility.

Considering all the above factors and the slower development in renewable energy, coal would be the

best option to meet the ever increasing power demand. In line with this, in the recently announced

10MP, the Government has identified coal-based power generation to address the shortfall in the

generation capacity.

MCB’s plan to develop the Project as an extension to the existing Tanjung Bin Coal-Fired Power Plant

is in line with the Government’s decision to reduce the country’s heavy reliance on natural gas for

electric power generation, and increasing coal’s share of electricity generation. MCB believes that

coal in particular can play a significant role in maintaining security of supply and generating capacity

in Malaysia. To this end, MCB is committed to providing a reliable and cost-effective electricity supply

to meet the current and future power requirements of the country, and to pursuing policies and

measures that aid the protection of the environment.

3 PROJECT OPTIONS

3.1 The “No Build” Option

Environmental Impacts

The “No Build” option refers to withdrawal of the Project and that the vacant land within the existing

power plant facilities would remain status quo, without any physical construction and development

activities. The existing site would remain as partially unutilised, comprises remnants of mangroves

and peat swamp forests retaining the existing undisturbed environment. The “No Build” option would

ensure the current habitats of mangroves and peat swamp forests would remain intact.

Economic Growth and National Development

Electricity demand in Peninsular Malaysia is growing at a phenomenal rate, driven largely by the

industrialisation of the nation. A strategic reserve margin shall be maintained to achieve system

stability and resilience, as one of the necessary conditions towards sustaining economic growth and

realizing Government’s Vision 2020 and Economic Transformation Programme of attaining a high

income status country.

The Government has given approval for MCB to develop an additional 1000MW within its existing Tg.

Bin site to meet this rise in demand. Sufficient generating capacity to balance the expected demand is

critical to support the Government’s Economic Transformation Programme which aims to transform

the country to become a high-income status country.

The “No Build” option is thus not an acceptable option.




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3.2 The “Build” Option

The “Build” option assumes that the Project is constructed and operated as planned, is being viewed

as a source of pollution with the potential to adversely affect air quality, increase ambient noise levels,

degradation of marine water quality as well as causing nuisance impacts on neighbouring areas and

other environmental issues.

The “Build” option refers to the option to construct the Project and within the anticipated construction

schedule of 48 months, of which the first unit (Phase 1) of 1000 MW is to be commercially operational

by March 2016 and the consecutive unit (Phase 2) of up to 1000MW will be installed in a later phase.

Assessment of options on fuel, process technologies and air pollution controls have been considered

by MCB and are presented in Section 5.2 of the Main Report.

4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.1 Introduction

This section presents the details of the technical design of the existing Tanjung Bin Unit 1, 2 and 3

and the proposed Unit 4 and 5. As the detailed design is currently unavailable, the information

presented on the Unit 4 and 5 forms an overall description of the envisaged plant and its operation,

based on the understanding and experience gained by MCB, and its consultant in the area of

supercritical boiler design. The final plant configuration will not be materially different from that

described and any changes will not have a significant impact on the environmental analysis.

4.2 Project Location

The Project comprises of two power generation units of 1,000 MW each (Unit 4 and 5), located within

its existing 3x700MW Tanjung Bin power plant land holding as well as additional land to the north of

the site for the substation extension. The existing power plant is located on the western shore of

Sungai Pulai estuary, near to the villages of Kampong Sungai Dinar and Kampong Sungai Sam,

about 25 km west of Johor Bahru. Road access to the power plant is via the Federal Route 95 to

Permas Kecil, and a local road Route J111 leading to the main site access road.

The site for the proposed new units is located immediately adjacent to the west of the main power

plant buildings, on PTD Lot 1770 and 1859, occupying an area of about 235 acres of the total area of

900 acres.

4.3 The Existing Power Plant (Unit 1, Unit 2 and Unit 3)

The existing main power plant buildings and operational areas are located generally in the eastern

area, and the coal stock yard, and the ash lagoon are located towards the west of the main plant

buildings. The land is basically low lying and flat, situated directly adjacent to the west shore of




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Sungai Pulai estuary from which the existing power plants abstract cooling water. The condenser

cooling water is subsequently discharged from the site via an outfall to Sungai Pulai. The existing

plant consists of the following key components:

• The power block, comprising of turbine buildings, steam generators with bunker bay and

subsection;

• The turbine building is executed as an enclosed steel structure. The three turbine-generators are

arranged longitudinally on concrete pedestals in parallel to the main structure of the building. The

main components of the feedwater system such as feedwater tank, boiler feed pumps, low and

high-pressure feed heater are located in a heater bay which forms an integral part of the main

structure;

• The boiler building is separated from the turbine building in order to allow the independent

construction of the two buildings and have two separate fire protection areas;

• The central switchgear building is implemented as a reinforced-concrete frame structure with

brick walls and also constitutes as an independent building in terms of fire protection regulations.

The central control room with adjacent rooms is located within this building;

• Flue gases are cleaned in the electrostatic precipitators (ESP) (to remove particulates) and flue

gas desulphurisation (FGD) (to remove sulphur compounds). Flue gases lead to a common stack

for the three units;

• The circulating water pumps are located in a separated building. The cooling water flow passes

through steel pipes to the turbine building from where it is led in steel piping to the condenser.

The return pipe is executed in steel pipes followed by concrete culverts up to the circulating water

seal pit which is part of the aeration basin of the FGD. The circulating water flows from here in an

open channel to the outfall structure;

• The chlorination building is located near the circulating water pump building;

• Coal as the main fuel is delivered by ships and unloaded at the jetty. It is transported to the coal

stockyard by means of conveyors. From there, conveyors lead to the coal bunkers in the bunker

bay;

• Bottom ash is transported to the ash pond, while fly ash is for the most part reused in cement

kilns. The switchgear and control center for the coal and the ash handling facilities is arranged

near the coal transfer tower;

• The demineralization plant with tanks and neutralization pit, the fire pump station, the fuel oil

pump station with oil unloading and transfer facilities are grouped together near the south side of

the facility;

• The administration building which includes the staff amenities facility and the workshop and

storage building are located near the intake; and




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• A coal-unloading jetty measuring 360 m in length and 30 m in width, capable of handling cape-

sized ships of up to 150,000 DWT.

The general plant layout plan is shown in Figure 6.2.1 and elevation view of the plant is shown in

Figure 6.2.2.

Existing Pollution Control Systems

The combustion process within PF-fired plant produces high levels of gaseous and solid emissions.

However, effective controls to minimise such emissions have been achieved through the application

of technologies to plant design features and downstream clean-up processes.

NOx emissions are controlled within the furnace through the use of low NOx burners, overfire air,

staged combustion and reburn. SOx and particulates are controlled by the use of low sulphur coal and

downstream clean-up processes including the Electro-Static Precipitator (ESP) and Flue Gas

Desulphurisation (FGD).The solid by-products from coal combustion are recovered mostly as fly ash

and bottom ash. Fly ash from the existing plant is reused as raw material by the cement industry.

Alternatively, it can be stored in an ash pond along with bottom ash.

In terms of wastewater management, the major source is from rain water runoff collected at the coal

yard. The runoff is stored in a collection sump for settlement of solids. Sufficient retention volume

within the sump allows settling of suspended solids prior to pumping the settled water to the Ash

Pond. All other waste waters are collected in the Pre-Retention Basin and Retention Basin of the

Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The wastewater then undergoes chemical treatment before

discharge.

4.4 The Proposed Power Plant (Units 4 and 5)

The Project comprises two power generating blocks of 1,000 MW each of similar design. Each block

will consist of one supercritical coal-fired boiler and tandem compound type turbine generator for

power generation. The Project will be executed in two phases.

The expansion will use mainly sub-bituminous coal as the primary fuel while Light Fuel Oil (LFO) as

start-up fuel. The Project will employ the most widely used method of burning coal for power

generation, i.e. Pulverised Fuel Combustion (PFC). Each coal-fired generating unit will be installed

with its respective air pollution control systems (APCs), including dust extraction system Fabric Filter

Plant (FFP) and a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) facility.

These units will be supported by auxiliary systems, a coal handling facility including a new coal jetty

(to be implemented in Phase 2), an ash handling system complete with a new ash pond (common

and to be shared with the existing plant), a once-through seawater cooling system and the

powerhouse. The Project will also share some facilities with the existing plant such as auxiliary jetty,

fly-ash jetty and raw water supply. Facilities such as coal unloading jetty, interconnection facilities and

cooling water intake will also be shared but with some upgrades to cater for the additional capacity.




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The power generating blocks will be connected to the National Grid via the existing transmission lines

as well as a new transmission line to be constructed by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB).

Major difference between the current proposed Project concept with the existing plants is in terms of

combustion technology and pollution control technology, as summarised below.

Combustion Technology

While the existing plant was built as a subcritical coal-fired power plant, the proposed Project will be

employing a supercritical coal-fired power plant technology. Supercritical steam cycles can achieve

over 4% higher total efficiency improvement compared to the more common systems and results in a

reduction of almost 10% coal consumtion to produce each kWh of electricity and consequently

translates into lower air emission intensity.

Pollution Control Technology

Similar to the existing plant, the Project will utilize seawater FGD to control SO2 and a combination of

low NOx burners, staged combustion and overfire air to control NOx formation. In contrast to the

existing plant which uses ESP, fabric filter plant has been selected to control PM emissions for the

Project. While both technologies serve the same purpose, fabric filter plant has been proven to be

able to handle higher ash resistivity and remove fly ash more effectively compared to ESP. The use of

fabric filters will enable the Project to meet the Malaysian and World Bank air emission standards.

Process Description

The electricity generation process adopted for the Project is of the same thermal technology to the

existing power plant, i.e., Pulverised Fuel Combustion (PFC). The principal process units for the

Project are described as follow:

Coal Pulveriser

The proposed pulveriser is capable of handling the expected range of coals. The type of pulveriser

utilised is of the vertical spindle mills or equivalent.

Steam Generator

The steam generator is of supercritical once-through type design, single reheat type and consisting of

water-cooled furnace, superheaters, reheaters and economizers. Its function is to produce high-

pressure steam for electricity production at the steam turbine. The firing system will be equipped with

advance low NOx vortex type coal burners with oil gun on the centreline of the burner. Staged

combustion with over-fire air supply is implemented for further NOx reduction and best burn-out of

coal particles.

Steam Turbine

The Steam Turbine (ST) proposed is of the supercritical design in the range of 25 MPa to 28 MPa and

566°C to 606°C tandem-compound reheat unit. The steam enters the HP section of turbine,




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expanding toward the front end, exhausting to the reheater. The reheated steam re-enters the IP

cylinder and expands toward the generator and through the low pressure cylinders. Each steam

turbine will be supplied with auxiliaries including a lubricating oil system, gland steam sealing system,

turbine protection and trip system, turbine bypass system, turbine drain system, LP exhaust spray

cooling system, seal oil system, generator cooling system and gas control and distribution (H2 and

CO2).

Electrical System

The electrical generator is mechanically driven by its steam turbine, electrically excited by the static-

excitation system, and internally cooled by gaseous hydrogen. The power output by each generator is

fed mainly through the generator transformer to the 500 kV substation and from there via

transmission to the National Grid. The generator is completely enclosed and in operation uses

hydrogen as a cooling medium. The ventilation system including the fans and hydrogen coolers is

self-contained and completely enclosed to prevent ingress of dirt and moisture. The generator is

designed for continuous operation and is constructed to withstand sudden change in load and three-

phase short circuit. Various kinds of supervising and controlling instruments are provided to keep the

generator in satisfactory operation.

Power Transformer

Additional power transformer are to be constructed which includes generator transformer and unit

transformers which will be of outdoor use, three-phase, oil immersed, two or three winding type.

Substations

The Project will be connected to an extension of the existing substation for its additional power supply

to the National Grid. The 275 kV and 500 kV existing substations are of the conventional outdoor type

with a 1½ breaker scheme for the 500 kV and single breaker scheme for the 275 kV, respectively.

The existing substation shall be extended to the northern section, by two additional diameters to

accommodate the Project.

Instrumentation and Control System

The generating units are designed to be operated from the Central Control Room (CCR). A

microprocessor-based, distributed control-and –supervision system (DCS) of proven type will be used

for unit control, alarm, fault sequence printing supervision monitoring, interlock and protection. The

Project major auxiliary systems (i.e. coal-handling, ash-handling etc) will have independent control to

be performed from respective control rooms. Monitoring of the auxiliary systems which are essential

for on-line coordination will also be made possible from the plant’s CCR.

Fuel Management

Coal will be the primary fuel to be used for the Project while LFO will be used only during start-up,

shut down, mill changeover and for support firing. The simplified coal management system consists

of:




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(i) Coal unloading system where the coal is unloaded using two continuous bucket unloaders and

one new grab type unloader (existing jetty) and two new grab type unloaders (new jetty), and

then transferred onto the conveyor belt system;

(ii) Incoming system in which coal will be transported to the new coal yard via belt conveyor

system;

(iii) New coal storage yard, where in Phase 1, will be provided with a one bucket-wheel

stacker/reclaimer and an emergency drop-off and reclaim hopper and two bulldozers. In Phase

2, the new coal yard will be extended and provided with one additional bucket wheel

stacker/reclaimer; and

(iv) Outgoing system comprises the stacker/reclaimers, conveyer system in the coal yard and

conveyor systems leading to the coal bunker bays at the boilers.

The coal storage yard is arranged in an open-stockpile configuration, with a capacity of approximately

30 days supply.

The coal handling system will be similar to the existing plant. It is divided into two sections, namely

receiving /storage and reclaiming sections. Each section is to be controlled individually from the coal

handling control building.

The Light Fuel Oil (LFO) system will be designed to receive LFO from road tankers. The unloading

bays are used and each unloading bay is connected to the LFO unloading pump. A common

discharge manifold connects the pumps to the fuel oil storage tank. One 3,000 m3 LFO storage tank

with a bund wall is provided for start up of each unit. The bund wall will be provided around the tank

with a capacity to hold 110% of the volume of one storage tank and to ensure accidental spillage is

contained within the bunded area. The LFO forwarding system consists, for each unit, of two

forwarding pumps which pump the LFO from the tank to main boiler, two forwarding pump to feed the

emergency diesel generator, the fire fighting pump diesel and auxiliary boilers and one pump for LFO

truck vehicle filling.

Auxiliary Process Components

Water Steam Cycle

The water steam cycle essentially comprises of the super-critical steam generator, the steam turbine

with condenser, main condensate pumps, low pressure (LP) and high pressure (HP) feedwater

heaters, deaerator/feedwater storage tank, feedwater pumps and the connecting piping.Condensate

System

At the condensers, the exhausted steam from LP section will be condensed and store in condenser

hot-well. The hot-well water will be pumped up by means of 50% condensate pumps (2 units on duty

while 1 unit on standby) and be transferred to the deaerator through gland steam condenser and LP

feedwater heaters. Make-up water, for initial filing and during plant operation, will be directly supplied

from condensate reserve tank to condenser by means of make-up pumps.




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Feedwater System

This system serves to provide feedwater collected from the condensate system to the boiler plant.

The feedwater system consists of the deaerator and the Boiler Feedwater Pumps (BFPs) and HP

heaters.

Cooling Water System

Sg. Pulai is the source of water for plant cooling processes. The water intake, common with the

existing power plant, is located at the river mouth of Sg. Pulai. The closed cooling water system is

designed as a loop and serves to transfer the heat dissipated by components or their auxiliary cooling

water via the closed water heat exchangers. The cooling water system essentially comprises the

Circulating Seawater System (CSW), auxiliary cooling water system, Closed Cooling Water System

(CCWS) and electrochlorination plant.

The CSW is of the once-through design, which meets the cooling water requirements mainly of the

condensers, auxiliary cooling water system and supply sea water to the electrochlorination plant of

the unit. The main functions of the CSW system are to supply with cooling water by means of the

circulating water pumps to the turbine condensers and the auxiliary cooling water system. The system

discharge the warmed-up water from the condenser and auxiliary cooling water system to circulating

water seal pit and finally to the outfall.

The auxiliary cooling water system is to absorb heat transferred from the vacuum pumps and closed

cooling water system, which cools individual components of the power plant via the closed cooling

water heat exchangers, the second of these is on standby.

The CCWS will circulate demineralised water to cool components of the power plant and transfers the

heat dissipated by components to the auxiliary cooling water system. The system will be designed for

adequate supply of cooling water as required by the plant equipment, and will generally consist of

heat exchanger, pump and expansion tank. The phosphate dosing system will supply chemicals to

the CCWS.

The electrochlorination plant performs chlorination which aims to prevent slime and marine growth

build-up in the seawater system. Chlorination is performed by injection of sodium hypochlorite

solution (produced by seawater electrolysis) near the cooling water intake.

Plant Supporting Equipment

The Project will be furnished with Auxiliary Power System (APS) to supply power to all supporting

components (i.e. pumps, fans, drives, control system, lighting etc), and will be equipped with

Emergency Diesel Power Generator (EDG) to supply emergency power in case of an outage. Direct

current (DC) supplies will be maintained by batteries for a minimum safe period in the event of loss of

power supply and this is applied to emergency motors, static inverters, emergency lighting,

switchgear control and relays and instrumentation. The Project is also equipped with protection

system for electrical system (in particular HV-side) and Fire Alarm and Protection System according

to Bomba and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) requirement.




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Material Balance

Coal is to be primarily sourced from Indonesia as well as other countries which have similar coal

characteristics (i.e. Australia and South Africa). Approximately 428 t/hr of coal will be fed into the

boiler for one (1) power generation unit of 1,000MW. The burnt pulverised coal will produce bottom

ash (1.0 t/hr including unburned carbon) of which will be collected by the furnace hopper while a total

of 5.5 t/hr of fly ash to be captured by the fly ash system from Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD)

system.

The amount of raw materials required and by-products produced by each power generating block and

both is summarised in Table 6.7.2 and Figure 6.7.1 of the Main Report.

The estimated water consumption for cooling processes (seawater from Sg. Pulai) is approximately

400,000 m3/hour which includes the water usage for the seawater FGD system. The water balance

showing process water consumption of the Project is presented in Figure 6.7.2 of the Main Report.

Pollution Control System and Management

Combustion Air and Flue Gas System

The boiler facility is equipped with the required combustion air and flue gas system. The combustion

system consists of:

• 2 x 50% Forced Draft Fans (FDF) to provide combustion air in the form of secondary and

tertiary (overfire) air.

• 2 x 50% Primary Air Fans (PAF) to dry the coal in the mills and transport the pulverised coal

to the burners.

• 2 x 50% Regenerative Air Preheaters (RAPH)

• 2 x 50% Induced Draft Fans (IDF) to abstract the ensuing flue gas from the boiler via the

RAPHs and the FFPs prior to transporting the flue gas to chimney.

NOx Control Systems

There are seven oxides of nitrogen including nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), dinitrogen dioxide

(N2O2), dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and dinitrogen

pentoxide (N2O5). Of these, NO and NO2 are the most common emissions and the ones most heavily

regulated. There are three mechanisms by which NOx can be formed during combustion.

Fuel NOx is formed when nitrogen in the fuel is oxidized.

CxHyN � HCN � � CN

(HCN � � CN) + O2 � NO




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Prompt NOx is formed when nitrogen in the combustion air combines with fuel under fuel rich

conditions and is then oxidized along with the fuel during combustion.

CHx + N2 � HCN � � CN

(HCN � � CN) + O2 � NO

Thermal NOx is formed when the nitrogen molecules in the combustion air are oxidized at

temperatures above 760°C.

N2 + O2 � 2NO

The formation of NOx during combustion in the boilers is controlled through the use of low NOx

burners and air staging. By staging combustion over a period, much of which is sub-stoichiometric, it

prevents the formation of NOx from the N2 of the fuel. It also reduces NOx formation from nitrogen in

the combustion air without the use of chemicals.

Dust Filter Plant (DFP) Systems

Flue gases leaving boiler will pass through the regenerative air heater to the DFP. The gas shall be

drawn by the induced draught fans into the chimney and released into the environment. The function

of DFP is to remove fly ash from the flue gas stream exiting the boiler. The combustion of fossil fuels

results in residues called bottom ash and fly ash. Bottom ash consists of the heavier ash particles

which fall out the flue gas stream into the furnace bottom hopper and slag and coke deposits which

are dislodged from the furnace during soot blowing. Fly ash consists of very fine, lighter particles of

ash that are carried out of the furnace by flue gas. The flue gas stream is directed through the

precipitator where almost all of the fly ash is removed from the flue gas. There are two basic

principles for a DFP, namely an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) or a Fabric Filter Plant (FFP). A FFP

will be employed for this Project. In a FFP, also known as Bag Filter Plant, the particulate known as

pulverised fuel ash (PFA) is collected along long fabric bags in a tubular shape, through which the

flue gas passes from the outside to the inside. The filter bags collect the dust on the outside as the

flue gas flows into them, and the clean flue gas leaves the filter bags at the top. In order to remove

the dust from the filter bags, the bags are cleaned by a blast of compressed air from the inside, which

dislodges the dust which falls into the hoppers at the bottom of the dust filter. The fly ash would then

be conveyed to fly ash storage silos to await disposal or collected by DOE licensed recoverer.

Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)

The WWTP for the Project is designed to treat the incoming industrial wastewater with potentially high

concentration of suspended solids and heavy metals. An oil separator mechanism is to be installed to

trap oily water from being discharged to outside environment. Industrial wastewater are sent to air

heater washing basin and forwarded to a retention basin (primary holding sump) both basins acting

as holding tank in case of high volume of wastewater. Mixing blowers are installed at the retention

basin at the inlet of the WWTP (primary holding sump) to equalise the incoming wastewater as well

as to prevent solid settling. The wastewater will then be pumped to the chemical treatment system




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consists mainly of coagulation, flocculation and chemical treatment. After the precipitation process,

the wastewater will undergo pH adjustment prior to discharge to seawater FGD open channel then to

sea.

The solids contained in the wastewater are separated in a clarifier. Sludge collected from the

underflow of the clarifier is pumped into a thickener to further concentrate the sludge which is then

transferred into a thickened sludge holding tank before lead to a belt filter press to dewater the sludge

before disposal.

Another source of wastewater is from stormwater runoff collected at the coal yard and new ash pond.

The runoff from the coal yard will be captured in a collection sump and overflow be discharged to the

new ash pond if required. Due to sufficient retention volume, settling of suspended solids will occur

prior to discharging the wastewater from ash pond to the outfall whenever required. Other source of

stormwater will be collected and discharged to sea.

Atmospheric Emission

An approximately 200 m height concrete chimney will be constructed for each of the two units of

1,000 MW each. The actual height of chimney is to be confirmed from the air modelling assessment

with approval from DOE. Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) will be provided to monitor

flue gas emission quality and to be treated to comply with the emission standards set by DOE. The

flue gas monitoring consist of a few parameters i.e. Flue gas temperature at emission point, flue gas

oxygen (O2) level, Flue gas nitrous oxygen (NO2) level, Flue gas sulphur dioxide (SO2) level and

Particulate matter (PM) level after FFP.

Wastewater Discharge

The treated effluent from WWTP will be discharged via the sea water FGD open channel then to sea.

The designed WWTP is able to treat the effluent to meet the Standard B quality of the Environmental

Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations, 2009. The WWTP should be regularly maintained and

inspected to minimise potential operational failures.

The sludge generated from the WWTP shall be properly stored and sealed in labelled 200 L steel

drums or 1 ton sludge bags and be transported by licensed contractors to licensed premise for

disposal. The inventory of sludge generation and disposal will be kept and sent to DOE.

Ash Handling Control System

The ash handling system consisting of scraper conveyor is used to remove bottom ash while

pneumatic transportation equipment is proposed to dispose off fly ash.

Bottom Ash Handling and Disposal System

For removal of bottom ash, an ash extractor for wet (or alternatively dry) ash extraction is installed

below the furnace hopper outlet. The system is further equipped with an ash crusher and a bottom

ash plant.




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The bottom ash extractor essentially consists of Submerged Chain Conveyor (SCC), which is

operating below the furnace hopper and in an enclosed water-filled housing connected to boiler by a

flexible air-tight joint. The SCC transports the furnace ash slowly using a drag link chain conveyor to

its discharge end upwards to the drop-off point at the end of the conveyor. The SCC is equipped with

basalt lining to limit friction and wear of the conveyor parts. The conveyor mainly consists of high

flexible stainless steel mesh with stainless steel plates fixated to it on which transports the ash. The

chain is advanced by sprockets to pick-up the weight of the steel belt and of the collected ash.

At the discharge end of the extractor a crusher is installed to break larger ash lumps into small pieces.

Thus, large and still very hot ash lumps can be subjected to further cooling on the post-cooler belt

conveyor. The crusher is specially adapted to crushing of hot abrasive ash lumps.

The bottom ash is then transported to the ash pond by a slurry ash handling system.

Fly Ash Handling and Disposal System

Fly ash is collected from the economiser hoppers, gas air heaters and FFP hoppers for transportation

by the fly ash system. It is then fed into fly ash transmitters via gravity. Fly ash transmitters are

vessels used to channel ash from the collection hoppers and into the ash silos. Compressors are

used to supply the air to move ash from the hoppers to the silos. Ash from the economiser and gas air

heaters is sent to the bottom ash bin while ash from the precipitators is sent to the fly ash silo. The fly

ash silo can discharge ash to fly ash trucks or to the fly ash export on the fly ash jetty, alternatively

the ash can be discharged to the ash pond.

The collected fly ash may be sold to the local cement, concrete or asphalt industry and is solely

subject to approval by DOE. As such, the MCB shall apply for special management prior to utilisation

of coal ash, which includes both bottom ash and fly ash in other industries by conforming to the

requirement stipulated under the Regulation 7 of the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)

Regulations, 2005.

Ash Pond

The projected annual ash production for the Project is approximately 100,000 tons per year. The ash

pond shall be used to store the power station’s surplus ash by-products.

The Project will share the ash pond facility with the existing plant. The existing ash pond is designed

with a space capacity of 22.5 ha and shall be able to handle approximately up to 7 years of the power

station’s ash disposal.

Due to the expansion nature of this Project, the proposed power island of Phase 2 may be sited at the

location of the existing ash pond and a new ash pond is anticipated to be constructed. The

construction of new ash pond for the Project will be divided into two phases. In the first phase, the

total area of the pond shall be 24.6 ha and designed to handle approximately 5 years of the power

station’s ash disposal. This new ash pond will be located west of the Project site, adjacent to the new

coal storage yard.




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Depending on the possible utilisation of the ash in other industries, the need to have another ash

pond may arise. For the second phase, it is proposed that future ash pond for this Project will be

located at the mud flat area at the southern part of the project site. The construction of this ash pond

has been approved as part of the existing power plant.

All ash ponds shall be lined with impermeable material to prevent seepage of heavy metals in the coal

ash such as mercury, arsenic, etc. into the ground water. Ash ponds shall be constructed in a manner

that allows the water to be stored and returned to the plant for reuse. The ash ponds which act as

solid-liquid separator and will be designed to have a considerable area since retention time is the only

means to allow the ash to settle and separate from the conveying water.

4.5 Normal Operation

The project is expected to provide 3,000 – 4,000 jobs for locals and foreigners during the peak of its

construction period. During the operational stage, an estimated 140 personnel will be employed in

addition to the workforce for the existing plant.

4.6 Abnormal Operation

In case of power interruption or power failure, a standby diesel generator will automatically start up

and power will be supplied to critical equipment for safe shutdown of the plant. For all process

components, tripping procedures are implemented in the control programs. To ensure safe tripping,

the sequences are implemented as “de-energize to trip” in the control systems, meaning safety

conditions will be reached passively.

Coal Combustion

The coal combustion system consists of a chain of units, namely the coal feeder, the coal pulveriser

(mill), the primary air flow, burner pipes and burners as well as secondary and boundary air flows.

During normal operation, one coal pulveriser is on standby for each unit at all times, since coal

pulverisers are heavily mechanically strained and immediate compensation is vital for full operation of

the plant if one pulveriser unit has to be taken out of operation.

In the case of power interruption, if no electrical energy can be supplied to the coal pulverisers, the

units will stop to operate and the supply of pulverised coal to the boiler will end.

If the loss of the fluidising air flow through the coal pulveriser is the cause for the abnormal operation

of the unit, the mill is isolated from the air flow system and an inert internal atmosphere is created by

injecting inert gas or vapour to prevent auto-ignition of the residual fuel. Brief operation of the mill,

while isolated, will reject the coal to the pyrite removal system.

The main systems that depend on electrical energy used for the coal burners are coal pulverisers

(see above) and the primary air supply system, which is used to fluidise the pulverised coal.




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The safety interlocks of the system are as follows:

• Failure of primary air flow trips the pulveriser system (mill);

• Failure of the pulveriser trips the coal feeder and primary air flow;

• Closing of all burner pipe valves trips the pulveriser, the feeder and the primary air flow; and

• Primary air flow below minimum trips the pulveriser.

In case of a master fuel trip (flame collapse), all fuel supply to the boiler is stopped

Steam Generator

To describe abnormal operations behaviour and precautions for the steam generator, two cases have

to be distinguished.

A blockage downstream from the boiler on the water/steam side that goes along with pressure

increase in the steam path will be handled by the overpressure relief system, bypassing the steam to

the flash tank and/or condenser. To limit steam pressure in the boiler, the boiler is equipped with

passively operating safety relief valves.

A boiler trip indicated by pressure levels exceeding the safety range will trip the fuel supply, the

pulverisers and the feeders. Air flow is provided on a constant level during tripping procedure for post

trip furnace purge.

Steam Turbine

To prevent damage from rotating speed increase due to sudden load drop at the turbine shaft, the

steam turbines are equipped with safety shutoff valves. The steam will be fed to condensers through

the HP/LP bypass systems and to the overpressure relief system (boiler safety valve) if unit was

operating above its maximum continuous rating. Since feedwater preheating depends on turbine

operation, feedwater supply is usually provided by the feed water storage tank for approximately 7

minutes of full load unit operation.

Pollution Control System

• Dust Filter Plant (DFP) - During normal operation, the efficiency of the DFP will decrease over

time due to coating of the filter bags with particulate matter. Periodic cleaning of the FFP bag

filters restores separation efficiency. Abnormal operations of the DFP will result in higher

particle emissions. To comply with particle emission limits and/or emission allowances per time

interval, the power plant has to be shut down accordingly if the DFP fails to operate.

• Fly Ash Handling System - During normal operation, the emergency fly ash handling system

which transmits fly ash to the ash pond is activated if the storage silos become overfilled due to

unloading difficulties. If the boiler trips or other emergency conditions occur with the boiler, the

fly ash system must remain activated until the ash collection hoppers under the FFP, gas air

heater and economiser are emptied of fly ash.




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• FGD (Flue Gas Desulphurisation) - The main material flows of the seawater FGD are flue gas

and seawater entering the process, and the treated flue gas as well as the effluent seawater

that has converted the SO2 to sulphate ions leaving the process. If there is an interruption of

seawater supply, SO2 in flue gas will most probably exceed the emission limit. To comply with

particle emission limits and/or emission allowances per time interval, the power plant has to be

shut down accordingly if the FGD fails to operate.

• WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Plant) - In case of any abnormal operation of the WWTP, waste

water in any stage of treatment is retained in the respective pits or basins and held from

uncontrolled discharge to the sea. If needs be, the fluids can be pumped and transported to a

3rd party treatment or storage system to continue plant operation. Eventually, the plant has to

be shut down if storage capacity for waste water is exceeded.

• CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring System) - In case of abnormal operation of the CEMS,

some local alarms are available or sent to data acquisition system in order to investigate the

reasons of the data that are out of range. In addition, mobile equipment with the same or similar

specification will be used as a replacement to monitor the emissions of the plant until normal

operation of the CEMS can be reinstated. As long as the main units of the pollution control

systems are still in normal operation mode, the power plant can continue to operate.

4.7 Project Schedule

The project will involve two phases of construction work. The tentative timeframe for completing

Phase 1 of the Project (i.e. installation of the first 1X1000MW unit) is approximately 48 months from

the kick-start of construction.

5 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Geology, Soil and Hydrogeology

Geology

Geology of the coastal areas is generally characterised by young alluvial deposits. The surface

geology within the proposed development area is characterised by alluvial deposits, which consists of

major cohesive components of clay and silt materials, forming horizontal bedding or strata. Non-

cohesive material is generally minor and consists of fine to very fine sand. This non-cohesive fine to

very fine sand is usually encountered as lenses in the alluvial deposits.

Soil

Soil type within the project area is of the Kranji soil series. The Kranji soil series is formed from the

original parent material of marine alluvium deposit and is characterised by cohesive (clay/silt) material

with very low sand and gravel.




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Groundwater

Groundwater quality has been determined through a review of Malakoff’s routine groundwater quality

data, collected between 2006 and 2010. Routine monitoring of groundwater are conducted at two

wells, GW1 and GW2. Both wells are located on the western boundary of the existing ash pond.

Based on the monitoring data between 2006 and 2010, it can be concluded that the potential for

significant impacts to the water quality from the current site use are considered low.

5.2 Water Quality

Hydrology and Coastal Characteristics

The Project site is located on the lower catchment of Sg. Pulai on the headlands of southwestern

Johor. The Project site is bounded by the Sg. Pulai Reserve, a large expansion of mangrove forest to

the north and southwest, Sg. Pulai to the east and Straits of Johor to the south. PTP is located

northeast of the Project site. Surface runoff from the Project site discharges to the sea directly or via

Sg. Sam, while surface runoff from the existing plant enters the storm drain before it discharges

directly to the sea or via Sg. Tembusu.

In terms of coastal site condition, the Project’s coastline is protected by a rock revetment. The

coastline between Tg. Piai and the western bank of Sg. Pulai estuary is embayed. A coastal bund is

present further inshore. The mangrove-fringe mudflat along the Western Johor Strait from Sg. Pulai

estuary extending until Tg. Piai has gentle gradient.

Measured current were stronger during flood flow and spring period. It was inferred from bed

sampling exercise and analysis that the surface bed material within the study area primarily consists

of clay and slit. During river gauging, the analysed TSS contribution near the river mouth was 0.05

kg/m3 during spring and neap periods. The mean temperature was 29.9°C.

Routine Water Quality Monitoring

The routine water quality data was collected on monthly basis between 2006 and 2010.

The marine water quality in the vicinity of the Project site was good with high compliance of the

Interim Marine Water Quality Standards (IMWQS) for the key parameters including DO, BOD, COD,

TSS and E. coli. Some exceedances were observed for Oil and Grease, Lead and Copper. For Sg.

Pulai, the results were mostly compliance with the limits under Class III of the Interim National Water

Quality Standard (INWQS) except for Cadmium, Lead and Dissolved Oxygen. It has to be noted that

these water sampling points are located within the vicinity of heavy vessel traffics from the Project

activities as well as from the PTP and the Bunkering Island. The other activities could also contribute

to the exceedances at the water sampling points.

The water quality for cooling water discharges, wastewater from WWTP and Ash Pond settling basin

were generally fair, with most parameters of compliance with the Standard B, Environmental Quality

(Sewage and Industrial Effluents), 1979. The outfall discharge data were in full compliance for the




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Standard B limits in terms of temperature, Chlorine and Oil and Grease concentrations. The rainwater

mean pH level at the existing plant was comparable to the rainwater mean pH level recorded at the

Senai International Airport. Based on the rainfall data collected, it can be concluded that the

emissions from the existing plant has negligible impacts on the chemical characteristics of the rainfall.

Baseline River and Marine Water Quality Monitoring

The water quality conditions of the rivers in the vicinity of the Project site were satisfactory with high

compliance with the INWQS of Class III. The WQI for Sg. Dinar, Sg. Tembusu, Sg. Sam and Sg. Pulai

was between Class II and Class III. Comparatively, the water quality of Sg. Dinar downstream from

the Project site was slightly better than the upstream, attributed to the higher dilution afforded by the

seawater. The water quality for the three additional marine water points- MW6, MW7 and MW8 were

compared to the Malaysian Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard for Class E and Interim

Marine Water Quality Standard. The results were satisfactory and in compliance to the Interim Marine

Water Quality Standard and Class E.

5.3 Marine Ecology

The study involved the collection of both primary as well as secondary data collection. Primary data

collection was based on field assessments of the aquatic environment involved the collection of water

and sediment samples at eight (8) sampling stations for plankton and macrobenthic density and

diversity assays as well as fish fauna, mangroves and seagrass assessment. Secondary data were

collected from various sources, include literature review of all existing data, reports (published and

unpublished), records and other secondary sources with respect to the study area as well as

meetings and discussion with officers from the Johor State Department of Fisheries.

Water Quality

The assessment on the water quality found out that most of the parameters in relation with the

fisheries and aquaculture were well within acceptable levels sucah as pH, BOD, TSS, mercury,

arsenic, chromium, cadmium, boron, nickel, zinc, manganese, and tin. However, there were certain

parameters that were found at deleterious levels in certain stations i.e. temperature, lead, copper, iron

and chlorine.

Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton composition at the study area consisted of two (2) major phyla i.e. Bacillariophyta and

Dinoflagellata. The Bacillariophyta were more dominant in terms of species (21 species) and density

(99.4%). Dinoflagellata, on the other hand, were represented by single species, and constitute 0.6%

of the total phytoplankton density. The range of density was from 33.22 – 131.89 cells/mL, with

average density of 83.1 cells/mL. As for the species diversity, the Shannon Weiner Diversity Index

(H’) ranged from 1.44 – 2.27, indicating a fairly moderate diversity pattern.




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Zooplankton

A total of six (6) phyla of zooplankton were recorded in the study area i.e. Arthropoda, Mollusca,

Ciliophora, Chordata, Chaetognatha and Annelida. Among the phyla, Arthropoda was the most

dominant phylum, contributing a total of 91.7% of the total zooplankton density, followed by

Chaetognatha (2.2%), Chordata (1.8%), Annelida (1.8%), Mollusca (1.7%) and lastly Ciliophora

(0.8%). The density was ranged from 7.0 – 24.0 spp/L, averaged at 15.4 spp/L. In term of Shannon

Weiner Diversity Index (H’), the values ranged from 1.54 – 1.94.

Macrobenthos

Macrobenthic invertebrates at the study area indicated that four (4) major phyla were recorded i.e

Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda (Crustacea) and Mollusca. The most dominant phylum

recorded was Annelida, which comprised 59.7% of the total macrobenthos density, followed by

Echinodermata (20.9%), while Arthropoda (Crustacea) and Mollusca only constitute 18.3% and 1.0%

respectively. Their densities ranged from 10 – 330 ind./m², averaged at 239 ind./m2. The Shannon

Weiner Diversity Index (H’) recorded ranged from 1.67 – 2.66, indicated that the H’ value was

moderate to high.

Fish Fauna

The fish fauna was represented by 15 individuals of fish, belonging to seven (7) families and

comprised of nine (9) species. These includes Semilang (Plotosus spp.) from Family Plotosidae; Bilis

(Stolephorus sp.), Tempurung (Setipinna taty) and Kasai Minyak (Thryssa hamiltonii) from Family

Engraulidea; Siakap (Lates calcarifer) from Family Centropomidae; Ketam Batu (Scylla serrata) from

Family Portunidae; Gosok (Monocanthus chinensis) from Family Monacanthidae; Undok - Undok

(Syngnathoides biaculeateus) from Family Syngnathidae and Kapas (Gerres abbreviatus) from

Family Gerreidae. The length was ranged from 4.0 – 24.9 cm, while the total composite weight was

651g.

Mangrove

As for the mangrove, most of them were found to be more extensive from Sg. Tembusu northward,

where it encompassed the Sg. Pulai Forest Reserve. The recent survey found mangroves in patches

at several locations surrounding the Tg. Bin Coal Fired Power Plant. A total of 12 species of

mangrove, belonging to six (6) families were recorded at the study area. Five (5) species were from

Family Rhizophoraceae and three (3) species were from Family Acanthaceae, while single species

recorded for each remaining family i.e. Sonneratiaceae, Combretaceae, Palmae and Malvaceae. The

most dominant species recorded at the study area was Bakau Minyak (Rhizophora mucronata), Api –

Api Ludat (Avicennia officinalis) and Perepat (Sonneratia alba). The girth size of mangrove trees

recorded ranged from 0.1 – 0.4 m.




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Seagrass

The seagrass communities were found between Sg. Tembusu and Sg. Dinar and off Tg. Pelepas

Port. The species recorded include Halophila spinulosa, Halophila ovalis, Enhalus acoroides,

Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii and Halodule uninervis. Seagrass between Sg. Tembusu

and Sg. Dinar was found beyond 100 – 170 m from the river bank with an estimated area of 2.3 ha,

while the seagrass area off Tg. Pelepas Port was estimated around 12ha. In terms of seagrass

health, the seagrass cover ranged from 12 – 85%.

Seagrass has been known to support a wide variety of life, and in recent study several species of fish

found off Tg. Pelepas Port includes Monocanthus chinensis, Syngnathoides biaculeateus, Chaerodon

schoenleinii, Monocanthus chinensis, Lutjanus spp., Apogon hyalosoma, Triacanthus spp., Arius

spp., Arothron spp., Batrachomeoes trispinosus and Plotosus spp. Other than the fish, the seagrass

also supports substantial invertebrate populations. A total of 20 invertebrate species recorded, where

nine (9) species belonged to Mollusca, five (5) species from Echinodermata, three (3) species from

Arthropoda, two (2) species from Cnidaria and one (1) species belonged to Annelida. The most

common invertebrate species found include Stichodactyla sp., Colochirus quadrangularis, Holothuria

scabra, Salmacis sp., Protoreaster nodosus and Cymbiola nobilis.

Seaweed

The seaweed in the study area was mostly found to be associated with the seagrass. A total of 16

species was identified, where eight (8) species from Division Chlorophyta, five (5) species from

Rhodophyta and three (3) species from Phaeophyta. The major species found were Udotea flabellum

and Gracilaria coronopifolia, where these two (2) species were recorded in both between Sg.

Tembusu and Sg. Dinar and also off Tg. Pelepas Port. Other species were only recorded in either

each study area only.

Fisheries

The project site is located in fisheries district of Pontian. There were 26 fishing villages in Pontian

district. However, only six (6) fish landing points located within the impact zone include Sg. Dinar, Sg.

Chengkeh, Sg. Karang, Belokok, Sungai Punai and Jeram Batu. A total of 92 fishermen were

recorded operating from these six (6) fish landing points. There were a total of 63 units of vessels at

the landing points, but only three (3) of them were inboard vessels, while the rest was outboard

vessels. The main fishing gears used were trammel nets, hook and line, portable traps and cast net.

Most fishing activity was conducted from the swampy mangrove areas along Sg. Pulai to the

International border (separating the west and south Johore from Indonesia and Singapore). From 20

days of fishing per month, each fishermen catch about estimated 40 - 50kg of shrimp and 5 - 6kg of

fish.

Aquaculture

In addition to capture fisheries, there is also aquaculture activity nearby to the project area. The major

systems being practiced were brackishwater cage culture (Sg. Redan) and canvas rearing (Simpang




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Kiri). The main commodities reared for the cage culture were Siakap (Later calcarifer) and Kerapu

(Epinephelus sp.), while Keli (Clarius sp.) for canvas.

5.4 Meteorology and Air Quality

The climate at the Project is equatorial, warm and humid all year, and modified by two distinct

monsoonal seasons with two shorter inter-monsoon periods. Meteorological data from the Senai

Airport Meteorological Station (01°38’N, 103° 40’E) are representative of the meteorological

conditions at the Project site and are summarized as follows: mean daily temperature of 26.0°C,

mean daily humidity of 86.4%, total annual rainfall of 2,463.7mm, dominant wind from the north and

calm period 38.9% of the time.

Three rounds of baseline air quality sampling were carried out at three stations (Kg.Chengkeh, Kg.

Chokoh Besar and Sekolah Kebangsaan Tg. Adang) in the vicinity of the Project site. The parameters

tested were Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), Particulate Matter <10 micron (PM10), Sulphur

Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium,

Lead, and Mercury). The analysis results show that the parameters complied with the Recommended

Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines, elaborated as follows:

• TSP levels ranged from 23 to 72 µg/m3 while PM10 ranged from 3 to 24 µg/m

3;

• SO2, NO2 and CO were not detected; and

• Arsenic and mercury were undetected at all stations, while cadmium was detected at only one

station at a concentration of 0.002 µg/m3. Lead was detected at all three stations at

concentrations ranging from 0.008 µg/m3 to 0.035 µg/m

3.

5.5 Noise

Information on background noise level for the project site encompasses the routine boundary noise

monitoring data for the operation of the existing plant and baseline noise monitoring data for two

locations along the Project site boundary and two nearby settlements.

Existing project site boundary noise levels ranged from 51.4 dB(A) to 57.4 dB(A) during the day and

49.3 dB(A) to 56.8 dB(A) during the night. Noise levels were generally found to be within the

respective prescribed limits of 65 dB(A) and 55 dB(A).

Ambient noise levels recorded at the nearby settlements i.e. Kg. S. Dinar and Kg. S. Sam averaged at

52.2 dB(A) and 56.2 dB(A) during the day; 48.9 dB(A) and 52.2 dB(A) during the night. Recorded

levels at both settlements have exceeded the recommended DOE recommended noise level for

suburban residential land use in the day and night except for day time levels in Kg. S. Dinar.

Background in-plant noise was also measured and no high noise level of more than 85 dB(A) has

been identified from the noise map.




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5.6 Land Use

The major land uses surrounding the Project site are agriculture, industrial and water bodies.

Agriculture usage is mainly comprised of oil palm plantations; while industrial usage is the existing

Tanjung Bin Power Plant, Hydrocarbon Storage and Distribution Terminal, and the committed

industrial development area by Seaport Worldwide Sdn. Bhd. Water bodies consist of Sungai Pulai

and Selat Johor.

5.7 Infrastructure, Utilities and Services

The Project site is connected to the south-west region of Johor via the Federal Route 5 (FR5) and

Federal Route 95 (FR95). FR95 is the main access road to the power plant which runs a distance of

20 km between Pontian Kechil and Kukup and local access to project site is via Jalan PT Haji Sayon.

The existing water supply is supplied by Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ) while electricity in the area is

provided by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). Meanwhile, telecommunication facilities and services

are served by Syarikat Telekom Malaysia. As for solid waste, the collection is conducted by local

authority and the landfill location is at Pekan Nanas, within Pontian area.

5.8 Socio-Economics

Twenty-two kampongs are located inside the 5-km impact zone, with a total of 1,675 households and

6,217 persons. About 42% of the head of households work as general workers, 33% fishermen and

12% farmers. Generally, close to 60% of the households are reported to be dependent on agriculture

and fishing. Declining fish catch over the past decade has been reported by the fishermen, and

concerns were expressed over the loss of traditional fishing grounds and breeding/spawning areas

due to loss of mangroves, declining water quality, and increase in water temperature.

Perception of the Residents

Generally, a significant percentage of respondents interviewed (67%) could not see beneficial effects

to them with respect to health, social, traffic and economy. Only 29% of those interviewed were

positive about direct and indirect employment opportunities and spin-off benefits that project would

generate. Similarly, more than 60% perceived negatively the impact the plant would have on the

environment. Their fears were towards further degradation of the air and water quality, and further

decline in fish landing.

5.9 Public Health The existing health status was determined through the health survey and a review of secondary

health surveillance data from the nearest health facility for period of five years from 2006-2010. The

potential health impacts were determined through health risk assessment methodology. In the health

survey, the prevalence rates of the sensitive receptors (children and adults) of the Project were 112.6,

38.6, 16.1 and 14.5 per 10,000 populations for the common cold/flu, fever, cough and asthmatic




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attack respectively. These rates were lower than the NHMIS III, 2006. The secondary data review

found that the outpatient attendances from main air pollution related diseases in the health clinic were

URTI and asthma.

6 IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURE

6.1 Soil Erosion

The potential sources of soil erosion impacts from the construction of the power plant expansion have

been identified as follow:

• Clearing of the residual mangroves and shrubs;

• Dredging and/or soil improvement of soft marine mud for seawalls;

• Earthworks for the establishment of the final platform level; and

• Piling for the substructure and superstructure and installation of the power station and other

ancillary equipment.

Impacts due to the loss of sediment during the construction of the power plant expansion and

associated facilities were assessed using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model

developed by Wishmeier and Smith (1962) in conjunction with a Geographical Information System

(GIS) programme to quantify the rates of soil loss.

The soil erosion assessment identified that significant impact would be experienced during the

development phase. With the installation and effective operation of silt traps and sediment control on

site, the loss of fine sediment to suspension will be minimised during the construction phase.

6.2 Water Quality

Construction Phase Impact

Assessment of construction phase has two aspects: impacts to the hydrodynamic regime and the

dispersion of fine sediment in suspension during dredging and piling activities. The assessment has

been carried out using computational modelling- MIKE 21. Other construction wastewater from land-

based activities was assessed qualitatively.

Sedimentation Transport

Based on simulation results on existing conditions, the most probable factors is re-suspension from

the bed and transport of the suspended sediments from areas with fast currents and deposition in

areas with lower currents during slack. From the results, there is a slight change in the erosion and




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sedimentation patterns within and around the Project site for Northeast and Southwest Monsoon

conditions.

Based on the MIKE 21 MT, a localised sedimentation of up to 0.3 m/year would probably occur within

the intake basin immediately after dredging is done. Localised erosion of up to about 0.2 m/year is

predicted to occur within the same vicinity as well as near the jetty and the new outfall location. The

changes are relatively similar for all seasonal conditions.

The initial erosion and sedimentation rates are expected to be higher upon completion of the Project

but are expected to decrease over time as the overall marine regime tries to achieve equilibrium.

Suspended Sediment Dispersion

Without appropriate mitigations in place for the dredging at the intake basin, a maximum suspended

sediment concentrations of above 5, 10 and 25 mg/l disperses as far as about 2.5, 2.2 and 0.1 km

from the source respectively. A plume with concentration above 5, 10 and 25 mg/l extends up to

about 0.2, 0.15 and 0.05 km from the source, respectively, for the same operation based on the mean

excess suspended sediment concentration plot.

For the pipeline alignment leading to the outfall, based on pure tide condition, a maximum suspended

sediment concentration of above 5, 10 and 25 mg/l disperses as far as about 1.5, 1.4 and 0.15 km

from the source, respectively. A plume with a concentration above 5, 10 and 25 mg/l extends up to

about 0.3, 0.15 and 0.05 km from the source, respectively for the same operations based on the

mean excess suspended sediment concentration plot.

Based on field measurements, an increase of 5, 10 and 25 mg/l represents an increase of 3, 6 and

14%, respectively, above the ambient mean TSS concentrations. The suspended sediment

concentrations are largest in the direct vicinity of the operation site before dropping quickly away from the

site, although the concentrations are relatively low at most times.

Other construction wastewater

It was determined that the potential negative impacts from land-based construction activities would

primarily be from contaminated surface runoff, sewage from construction site workers and vessel

discharges.

Mitigation Measures

• To construct of a precast concrete pipeline which connects the pump station located on the

mainland with the outfall structure, in line with the DID’s ‘Garispanduan 1/97: Guidelines on

Erosion Control for Development Projects in the Coastal Zone’. A trench is initially dug along

the pipeline alignment before piling is done to provide a sound foundation of the pipeline,

followed by backfilling. A 1 m cover is envisaged. Simulation results indicate that the Project

site is currently stable.




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• Use of a silt curtain to prevent or divert suspended sediment generated during dredging

operations away from environmentally sensitive areas. It should be placed extending far

enough to allow suspended sediment to settle. It is pertinent that the geo-textile fabric is firmly

held onto the seabed for it to function. If the curtain is lifted due to bed currents, suspended

sediments can pass through the gap, thus making it almost useless.

• Temporary stop dredging works during high current speeds which could occur during spring

period.

• A major contributor to suspended sediment generation when a trailer suction hopper dredger

is working arises from overflowing during loading. In general, the amount of material lost into

suspension can be reduced with careful operation and maintenance of the dredging plants.

• A continuous program to monitor TSS at various pre-determined stations to determine water

quality during construction phase.

• Periodic bathymetric and near shore topographic survey should carried out on annual basis,

preferably immediately after the passing of the Northeast Monsoon. The survey should cover

the area extending 500 m on both sides of the pipeline alignment and the water intake area.

• A number of mitigation measures were specified to minimise potential impacts from land-

based construction activities, which will be sufficient to prevent adverse impacts to water

quality. These measures include control of surface runoff, wastewater from building

construction, wastewater from site facilities, and the storage and handling of oil and other

petroleum and chemical products.

• For vessel discharges, the predicted impact is expected to insignificant during both

construction and operational phases of the Project, therefore mitigating measures are not

required.

Operational Phase Impact

The thermal plume and chlorine dispersion study was carried out to investigate and assess the impact

of cooling water discharge to the sea using the MIKE 21 modelling. Other operational wastewater was

assessed qualitatively.

Thermal plume

For existing condition, the plumes are primarily influenced by magnitude and direction of the tidal

currents. The maximum extent of mean excess temperature of greater than 0.1°C is about 5 km north

and 11 km southwest from the outfall. The maximum extent of maximum excess temperature of greater

than 0.1°C extends slightly beyond the Malaysia-Singapore border and beyond Pulau Kukup. In

comparison, the mean and maximum excess temperature of greater than 0.5°C disperses about 3

and 9 km south of the outfall. The dispersion that occurs for the monsoonal conditions is generally




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relatively lower than during the pure tide condition. The exceedance probability for 0.5°C exceeding

more than 10% at the outfall for pure tide condition can extend up to about 4.5 km from the outfall. The

exceedance probability for 1°C exceeding more than 10% would be about 0.5 km from the outfall. The

probability exceedance for 2°C exceeding more than 5% would be about 0.1 km from the outfall. It can be

inferred from the plots that the magnitude and extent of dispersion for pure tide (inter monsoon) condition

is higher compared with the monsoonal conditions.

With the new outfall, the mean excess temperature of greater than 0.1°C is about 5 km north and 15 km

southwest from the outfall. The maximum extent of maximum excess temperature of greater than 0.1°C

extends slightly beyond the Malaysia-Singapore border and beyond Pulau Kukup. The mean and

maximum excess temperature of greater than 0.5°C disperses about 8.5 and 15 km south of the outfall.

The presence of the new outfall has resulted in the maximum excess temperature of greater than 3�C to

extend about 0.2 km from the outfall. This could be due to the close proximity of the existing and the new

outfalls.

The exceedance probability for 0.5�C exceeding more than 10% of the time at the outfall would have a

spread of about 8 km. The exceedance probability for 1�C exceeding more than 10% would be about 5

km from the outfall. The probability exceedance for 2°C exceeding more than 5% would be about 0.4 km

from the outfall. It can be inferred that the magnitude and extent of dispersion for pure tide (inter

monsoon) condition is higher compared with the monsoonal conditions.

Chlorine Dispersion

For the existing condition, the maximum extent of mean and maximum residual chlorine concentration

of up to 0.05 mg/l is about 0.4 and less than 0.05 km south of the source, respectively for pure tide

condition. With the new outfall, the maximum extent of mean and maximum residual chlorine

concentration of up to 0.05 mg/l is about 1.4 and less than 0.1 km south of the source, respectively. The

maximum extent of maximum residual chlorine concentration of greater than 0.05 mg/l is about 1.3 and

1.2 km approximately south of the source, respectively for southwest and northeast monsoon condition,

respectively. The extent of mean residual chlorine concentration dispersion for monsoonal conditions is

relatively similar for pure tide condition.

The residual chlorine concentration at the intake and existing outfall is about 0.02 and 0.1 mg/l,

respectively for the existing condition. The maximum residual chlorine concentration at the intake for

‘with Project’ condition is about 0.03 mg/l.

Foam

Foam may be produced on the surface of the sea in the immediate vicinity of the cooling water

outfalls due to aeration of decaying protein from dead marine organisms resulting from the use of

chlorine and anti-fouling agents. The impact from foam generation will potentially have harmful impact

to the marine environment.




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Other Operational Wastewater

Other operational wastewater includes seawater FGD, process wastewater, runoff from coal storage

yard and ash pond discharge, sewage generation from the workforce, stormwater and vessel

discharges.

Effluent discharge from seawater FGD is not expected to have any containment except for 3%

increased of sulphate content. However, sulphate is a natural constituent in seawater and is deemed

unlikely to cause any significant adverse impact to marine life. Process wastewater will be treated to

meet Standard B limits of the Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations, 2009 prior to

discharge into the receiving water body. For surface runoff from coal yard area and ash pond water

discharge, the water would be recycled for coal dust suppression system and ash pond transport.

Only excess water during heavy rainfall would be discharged to the sea after going through pH

adjustment process. Sewage will be routed and treated in the existing sewage treatment plant

designed to at least Standard B quality. The STP (250 PE) will have sufficient capacity to cater for

additional workforce. Stormwater discharge is not anticipated to contribute a significant impact on the

water quality.

Mitigation Measures

For cooling water discharge, to avoid foam generation, the Project Proponent should adopt a lower

discharge velocity to reduce turbulence at the outfalls. It is also crucial to avoid air entrainment in the

discharging water, as far as possible and to install suitable foam barrier or containment system in the

outfall vicinity to restrict any foam from escaping into the sea.

Suitable mitigation measures during the operational phase include the continuous monitoring of water

discharge, the installation of effective WWTP and water for recycling, lining of ash pond with a

permeable sheet and BMP for stormwater management. It should be noted that the efficiency of water

pollution controls is highly dependent on regular cleaning and maintenance. Therefore, it is imperative

that these installations are regularly cleaned and maintained in good working conditions and that this

be incorporated into the operational procedures.

6.3 Marine Ecology


During construction phase, two (2) major activities i.e. dredging and piling activity for the new outfall

construction and dredging activity at the intake basin were recognized to potentially generate negative

impacts on water quality, if not properly addressed. Dredging and piling activity would increase the

levels of suspended sediments and release biogenic and chemogenic products as well metal ions into

the water columns. High suspended sediments in the water (>80 mg/L) known to have an impact to

the aquatic organisms. From the hydraulic study, the result indicates suspended sediments dispersion

close to the intake basin and new outfall was significantly high (0.25 kg/m3 or 250 mg/L), however, it




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can be minimised through appropriate mitigation measures. High suspended sediments in the water,

which is more than 80 mg/L, known to have a deleterious impact on aquatic organisms.

The release of biogenic and chemogenic products to the water column will exert an immediate

oxygen demand and has the potential to cause serious short-term damage to the marine ecosystem.

Disturbance of the sediments can also release metal ions to the water column. From the sediment

chemistry result, the current levels of some heavy metals recorded high in Tg. Bin area, where Cr, Ni

and Hg recorded at 32.92 - 53.23 µg/g, 192.75 - 266.62 µg/g and 11.44 -816.48 µg/g respectively.

These three (3) heavy metals exceeded the recommended level for the Sediment Criteria for Metals

according to New York State Department of Environmental Conservation of 26 µg/g for Cr, 50 µg/g for

Ni and 1.3 µg/g for Hg.

In addition, the dredging and piling works could affect the marine productivity, where significantly high

level of turbidity and suspended sediments can retard primary production, reduce crustacean

(shrimps and molluscs) abundance, suffocate sessile organisms and clog fish gill. As consequences,

food-web in the area would be disrupted thus causing imbalance to the aquatic community there.

With respect to seagrass/seaweeds, high level of sedimentations generated from the dredging works

could reduce light penetration that seagrass/seaweeds needs for photosynthesis process. However,

results from hydraulic study showed that the suspended sediments are generally low (<30 mg/L) at

the seagrass beds located between Sg. Tembusu to Sg. Dinar and the sediment plume does not

reach the seagrass area at PTP during the dredging activity for the new intake basin. As for dredging

and piling activities for the new outfall, the sediment plume does not reach the seagrass/seaweed

beds located between Sg. Tembusu to Sg. Dinar and PTP. Therefore, there is unlikely to be any

impact from the dredging and pilling activities on seagrass/seaweed beds.


During the operation of the new intake and outfall, the potentially major problem of water quality is

due to thermal pollution from the heated effluent. The discharge of the thermal effluent has the

potential to harm and damage marine organisms. Based on the hydraulic study, impact from the

thermal discharge is expected to be significant only at the new outfall (34.6°C) and organisms found

in the vicinity of the outfall are expected to be seriously affected.

In addition, the use of chlorine for the cleaning process of the cooling system would also give an

adverse impact to the water quality, plankton and benthic organisms as well as fish fauna. From the

hydraulic data, with the new outfall, the maximum extent of residual chlorine concentration of 0.05-0.1

mg/L is about 1.3 km and 1.2 km south of the source respectively for southwest and northeast

monsoon condition. This is based on the assumption that residual chlorine concentration of 0.2mg/L

at both existing and new marine outfall. Notwithstanding the fact that it occurs for brief intervals, this

represents a potential contamination of the marine environment given the fact that the USEPA

recommends chlorine residuals not exceeding 0.01 mg/L (USEPA, 1976).




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As for seagrass/seaweeds, temperatures exceeding 43°C will adversely impact tropical seagrasses.

The temperature increase at seagrass beds (off PTP and between Sg. Tembusu and Sg. Dinar)

appears to be 0.5-1.5°C during pure tide and southwest and northeast moonson. As such, a

maximum increase of 1.5°C above the ambient level (30°C) may not have an adverse impact to the

seagrass beds. In addition, the residual chlorine plume is not expected to reach the seagrass beds,

therefore the impact on seagrass beds can be considered negligible.

Given the scenario above, it appears that the proposed project would potentially have a significant

degree of impact on the environment. Therefore, it is incumbent on the project proponent to ensure

that the proposed development would have minimal impact on the adjacent communities and

environments. Under these circumstances, several major mitigation measures are identified such as

use confining structures (screens, levees) to prevent the movement of suspended fines, incorporate

appropriate infrastructure for the disposal of sewage and monitor the discharges of residual chlorine

frequently.

The residual impacts that will be expected to occur include thermal pollution in the vicinity of the

discharge point as well as chlorine discharge to prevent marine growth in the cooling water system

due to the cleaning process. The primary effects of thermal pollution are direct thermal shock and

changes in dissolved oxygen, while high levels of chlorine will affect the productivity of aquatic

environment.

Mitigation Measures

An Environmental Management Plan should be set in place to guide both construction companies as

well as the subsequent operators on the environmental standards they are expected to conform to.

The main elements of such a monitoring programme include water quality (temperature, chlorine,

TSS, DO, BOD, pH, heavy metals and total phosphorus) and biological (plankton and macrobenthic

diversity and density as well as fish fauna species speciation) monitoring. The sampling point should

be located at the outer edge of the residual chlorine plume. It should be monitored quarterly during

construction and monthly during operation. The result of analyses should be submitted to the

Department of Environment.

6.4 Air Quality


The main potential air pollutant emission during the construction phase is fugitive dust originating

from land clearing, site preparation, and site mobilization. Site clearing and preparation create open

exposed surfaces that are prone to generate dust due to wind and vehicle movements. However, due

to their weight and size, most soil particles are expected to be carried over short distances only.

In view of the absence of residential property near the Project site, fugitive dust generated during

construction is not a significant issue of concern. The nearest residential areas are Kg. S. Dinar and

Sg. S. Sam, which are located approximately 0.5 km northwest and 0.7 km west of the Project site




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respectively. Dust will be mitigated through control methods such as tyre washing, ground and road

watering, and adherence to the speed limit.


Air pollution dispersion modelling was carried out using the Industrial Source Complex Short Term

Version 3 (ISCST3) model. The parameters selected for modelling were the main pollutants emitted

by the Project, namely Total Particulate Matter (Total PM), Particulate Matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5),

Particulate Matter <10 µm (PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide

(CO) and heavy metals – Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg).

Emission concentrations and rates for the existing stacks were obtained from the average values of

monthly stack monitoring data throughout the year 2010, while emission concentrations and rates of

the parameters for the new stacks were derived from design emission data provided by the

equipment vendor. The model receptor grid was a polar grid extending up to 6 km from the origin of

the grid. Meteorological data was obtained from the Senai Airport Meteorological Station.

Four scenarios were modelled to reflect the various possible operating scenarios at the Project

involving normal operating conditions as well as abnormal events due to failure of air pollution control

equipment, namely the bag filter and the flue gas desulphuriser (FGD). Only one air pollution control

equipment was assumed to fail at any one time. The scenarios are as follows:

i. Normal base case scenario with the new stacks (Unit 4 and Unit 5) emitting at the same

emission concentrations as the existing stacks, based on 2010 monitoring data of the existing

stacks;

ii. Normal maximum case scenario with the new stacks (Unit 4 and Unit 5) emitting at the

regulatory compliance limits for particulates, SO2, NO2 and CO;

iii. Abnormal operation scenario assuming total failure and shutdown of the flue gas

desulphurizer resulting in bypass of the FGD of one of the new stacks (Unit 4 or Unit 5); and

iv. Abnormal operation scenario assuming failure of the bag filter of one of the new stacks (Unit

4 or Unit 5).

The air dispersion model predicts Maximum Average Incremental Concentrations (MAIC), which are

ground level concentrations contributed by the stack emissions, not including background ambient

concentrations.

Overall, the predicted MAICs of all the parameters are within the respective Recommended

Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG) limit, due to the stack emission rates of the parameters

being generally low and well within the stack emission limits. Only SO2 and NO2 in the Normal

Maximum Case exceeded the RMAQG limits. Refined analysis of the percentile compliance for SO2

and NO2 indicates that at the 99.5 percentile level, the predicted MAIC will be below the RMAQG, thus

indicating the conservative results of the model. The conservative nature of the model is also shown

by the overall compliance of the existing plant as compared to the modelling results.




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The predicted dispersion patterns indicate that maximum ground level concentrations generally occur

mainly 1.5 km east (in Sg. Pulai) and 1.5 km southwest of the grid origin (along boundary of Project

site), and at areas away from sensitive receptors.

In the Normal Maximum Case scenario the 1-hour MAIC is predicted at 541.92 µg/m3, which exceeds

the RMAQG limit of 350 µg/m3. The 24-hour MAIC of 48.99 µg/m

3 is below the RMAQG limit of 105

µg/m3. However, it should be noted that the highest 1-hour MAIC occurs in the middle of Sg. Pulai

east of the Project site. Although the highest MAIC exceeds the RMAQG limit, the MAIC of SO2 at

identified sensitive receptors (villages and towns) surrounding the Project site are all below the

RMAQG limit.

During failure of the bag filter scenario, the highest 1-hour concentration of particulate matter was

predicted to be 1240 µg/m3 at Kg. S. Chengkeh, about 2.5 km northwest of the plant stack. Pollution

control equipment failures were assumed to persist for not more than one hour, as automatic

emergency shut down systems would prevent continuous uncontrolled emissions.

To ensure that air pollution control systems operate at their design performance level and to reduce

the probability of failures, it is necessary that regular monitoring and maintenance of the systems be

undertaken. An effective emergency response system is required to be in place to minimize

uncontrolled emissions.

6.5 Noise Impact

Noise impact of the Project to the study area was assessed. Noise models were built for the Unit 4

and Unit 5 construction as well as operational phases to ascertain the extent of noise impact along

the TBPP boundary and to the nearby receptors.


During the construction phase, no exceedance of noise levels is anticipated to extent beyond the

TBPP boundary except at Kg. S. Dinar with exceedance of 0.3 dB(A) in the day and 3.4 dB(A) at

night.


During full operation of Unit 4 and Unit 5, the operation noise levels at AN1 to AN3 along the TBPP

boundary are predicted to be within the respective permissible limits in the EIA Approval Conditions.

The results also concluded that the two closest settlements, Kg. S. Dinar and Kg. S. Sam will not be

potentially impacted by or subjected to noise impact from the Project.

Mitigation Measures

Mitigative measures shall be implemented in order to achieve the predicted acceptable noise levels

and to minimize potential nuisance or noise disturbances within the Project site and at the nearby

settlements.




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6.6 Health Risk Assessment

In health risk assessment, four air pollution emission scenarios were simulated for the project; Normal

Base Case, Normal Maximum Case, Failure of Bag Filter and Failure of Gas Desulphurizer exposure

scenarios. Under a normal and a failure of bag filter scenarios, exposure to SO2, NO2, CO, and PM2.5

at all receptors are unlikely to pose any acute and chronic health risk to the population including the

most sensitive group. However, under scenario of a failure of the bag filter, the incremental air

pollutant concentrations could be with an excess cancer risk. The exposures to toxic air pollutants are

not likely to produce any adverse health effects to community residing in the impact areas as all

hazard quotients calculated are below one for both acute and chronic effects.

6.7 Land Use

The proposed extension of the Tanjung Bin Coal-Fired Power Plant complied with the land use class

classification and conditions designated for the zone of Small Planning Block 7.1 (BPK 7.1) within

Sungai Karang Planning Block 7. Areas within this planning block have been earmarked as an

Industrial zone that allows heavy Industries such as Petrochemicals Industry, Independent Power

Plant and Bunkering Island. The Project is regarded as being compatible with the approved land use

and zoning plan and the land use of the areas in its vicinity.

Based on the potential impact form the proposed plant upon the existing and the future land use, the

impacts from noise and air modelling results would be insignificant as noise and air monitoring results

at the nearest residential areas are within DOE recommended limits.

6.8 Waste Management Implications

The waste management related issues related to dredged marine sediment, biomass waste and fill

materials, contaminated soil/ sediments, construction and demolition materials arising from the

construction works and chemical wastes, sewage, general refuse and industrial wastes from power

plant operations.


• Dredged marine sediment - Maintenance dredging at the cooling water intake will be required to

widen and deepen the basin. The marine sediment will be dredged and transported with care in

order to avoid leakage of sediment into the sea.

• Biomass waste and fill material - Materials generated from land clearing works such as biomass,

cut and fill materials will be confined to areas earmarked for the Project. Ground treatment may

be required and the areas will only be filled due to the low lying nature of the site. Cleared ground

cover vegetation will be used as base-fill material with no excess cut material or offsite disposal

expected.




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• Construction waste - Comprise of mainly of solid waste consisting of unwanted materials

generated during construction, including rejected structures and used/discarded materials.

Construction waste can be minimised through careful planning and proper execution during

construction.

• Scheduled waste - Small amounts of scheduled waste are anticipated from maintenance works

on machineries/vehicles during the construction. Scheduled wastes may pose environmental,

health and safety hazards if not stored and disposed of in an appropriate manner as specified in

the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005.

• Sewage - Sewage generated during offshore coal jetty construction is expected to be collected in

the onboard sewage rank in the case of barges/ dredgers for offsite disposal. For land-based site

workforce, sewage treatment plant or septic tank will be provided during the Unit 4 and Unit 5

construction phases.

• General refuse - Consist mainly of food waste, discarded wrappings, aluminium cans, and waste

paper which require off-site disposal.


• Residual process waste - Bottom ash and fly ash are produced as major coal combustion residual

waste in a power plant. The collected bottom ash is stored in an appropriate designed ash pond

whereby fly ash is disposed through licensed collector for reuse in cement industry.

• Scheduled waste - Include WWTP sludge, waste oils, used lubricants from machineries/ heavy

vehicles maintenance and spent solvent from equipment cleaning activities. The scheduled waste

generated will be managed in accordance with the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste)

Regulations, 2005.

Mitigation Measures

Waste shall be managed with consideration of options with the least environmental impacts and are

more sustainable in the long term. The hierarchy is as follows:

• Avoidance and reduction;

• Reuse of materials;

• Recovery and recycling; and

• Treatment and disposal.

6.9 Land and Groundwater Contamination

With proper implementation of practices and procedures, the potential for land and groundwater

contamination due to the operation of Tanjung Bin Coal-Fired Power Plant is expected to be minimal.

It is considered that the current practices and standing instructions currently used by MCB to Tanjung




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Bin Power Plant will be adequate for the prevention of land and groundwater contamination when

applied to the Project.

6.10 Quantitative Risk Assessment

A quantitative and qualitative assessment was carried out on selected risks associated with the

proposed Project. The main risks that have impacts on the environment are mostly related to fire

hazards from LFO storage tanks and coal fires at the storage yard and mill unit.

Quantitative Assessment

The hazardous event modelled is a pool fire from LFO storage tanks. Results obtained from

frequency estimation and consequence analysis were integrated to produce risk contours for

comparison with the recommended criteria in Malaysia.

The modelled radiation zones arising from the accidental releases of identified hazards do not extend

beyond the property boundary of the plant. The iso-risk contours corresponding to the risk

acceptability criteria for the nearby industrial area (1x10-5

fatalities/person/year) and nearby

residential area (1x10-6

fatalities/person/year), have also been determined to be insignificant (i.e.

within acceptability criteria).

Qualitative Assessment

Coal Storage Yard

One of the most frequent hazards posed by coal is spontaneous combustion due to its ability to react

with oxygen in the air within the coal pile. “Hot spots” tend to develop when the coal absorbs oxygen

from the air due to the manner it is deposited or stored at a storage yard. Excessive heat build up

within the coal pile is normally the cause of a coal fire in a storage yard.

The probability of coal spontaneous combustion occuring in storage areas is very remote or does not

arise as the coal is of downstream use in power plant and not freshly mined. The deposited coal is

spread in horizontal layers and piled to ensure effective ventilation to dissipate trapped heat or

packed firmly to minimise air channels to the lower layers.

Coal Dust Hazard

The main explosion hazard associated with the coal mill unit is related to an accidental or emergency

shutdown. A shutdown of the coal mill could be attributed to power failure, system fan failure, etc.

which directly forces the coal mill to stop its operation altogether. If the coal mill unit is restarted

unaware of the fires happening inside the unit, those five explosion elements (i.e. fuel, heat, oxygen,

suspension, confinement) would be completed and an explosion is imminent when the hot burning

coal particles are suspended by the rotating movement of the confined space in the mill after the

system restarts.




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A dust explosion can be prevented by elimination of one of the explosion criteria or sufficient

measures can be taken to limit the explosion magnitude to an acceptable extent by technology

adoption. Preventive strategies i.e. inerting process and CO monitoring, are primarily directed at

eliminating the explosion criteria of O2 build-up and the ignition source.

Most industrial accidents are caused by human error or negligence in plant operation and

maintenance. Preventive measures are the best means to minimise accidents. Observing strict safety

rules and regulations, implementation of prescribed safety procedures, regular and effective

maintenance, and continuous education and training are measures to be adopted for the Project.

6.11 Occupational Safety and Health

Employees’ safety and health aspects must be properly taken care of in order to avoid any untoward

incidents due to negligence as several hazardous substances are involved in the operation. During

the plant operation, workers may be exposed to hazard to their health and safety.

A copy of the MSDS is recommended to be kept close to where the hazardous substance is being

used so that workers who may be exposed can easily refer to the MSDS. The chemical

characteristics and toxicity of the element and chemicals in a waste are summarised in their

respective MSDS.

Adoption of safety procedures for all activities will be given due emphasis in the development and

operation of the plant. All employees should be trained to ensure that they are alert at all times and

able to perform their work effectively and efficiently in a safe manner, as well as be ready to respond

to any emergency. Hence, an Emergency Response Plan which outlines the procedures to be

followed has been formulated.

6.12 Socio-Economic Assessment

Generally between 5% and 10% of the locals are or will be employed at the plant during the

construction and operational phases. However, due to the special skills required for employment at

the plant, direct and indirect employment opportunities for the locals and the district might not be very

significant. Although recruitment of the locals will be prioritised, foreign workers and those from

outside Johor may be required for certain skilled work. The arrival of these workers is not expected to

impact significantly on the local residents. However, the presence of the construction workforce

during the 48-month construction period may increase pressure on public services for an interim

period.

Impacts on health and wellbeing during construction and operation will be minor provided mitigation

measures are in place to address issues such as road and marine safety, traffic management, air,

dust and noise pollution.

The loss of fishing grounds and declining fish landings is a permanent and irreversible impact.

However, the decline is not entirely due to the power plant, but is attributed to a numbers of factors at




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the lower Sg Pulai region, e.g. the development of Tg Pelepas Port and its subsequent expansion,

widening of the water channel, gazetting of the water channel as the port limit and where fishing

activity is prohibited for safety reasons, reclamation works for the forthcoming petrochemical hub and

the gradual loss of mangroves due to development. Despite the three compensatory measures in the

past, there is still a residual disruption to the fishermen’s activities.

Mitigating Measures

Recommended mitigating measures to be undertaken by the Project Proponent include steps to:

i. Maximise employment of the local population through community outreach programmes,

training, education and human capital development to be initiated by the Project Proponent or

in collaboration with the relevant local and state agencies.

ii. Minimise situations where conflicts between foreign workers and the local communities could

occur.

iii. Minimise road and marine traffic risks.

iv. Expand its community outreach programme to include the fishing communities, e.g,

introduce artificial reefs in areas located outside the port limit, and expand its mangrove

replanting scheme to cover areas beyond the project site boundary.

v. Conduct more engagement/dialogue with the local communities to keep residents informed of

air and water monitoring results.

vi. Work in collaboration with the local health agency to monitor public health amongst the local

residents.

6.13 Sea Traffic


Construction of Unit 4 and Unit 5 will involve the transportation of 4.71 million m3 of marine sand using

589 barges over the initial 12-month construction period. 12 shipments for each unit construction is

estimated for heavy construction and plant equipment delivery.


During operational stage, it is estimated that an additional shipments of 61 per year is expected for

shipments of coal. However, the number of ship movements to the power plant are considered

insignificant compared to existing ship movements plying the route to the Port of Tanjung Pelepas.

Therefore mitigation measures are not required.




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7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

A comprehensive Environmental Management Plan will be prepared upon approval of the DEIA

Report, prior to the implementation of the Project. The EMP will specify the various monitoring

programmes required to determine the effectiveness of mitigating measure adopted and to monitor

changes to the surrounding biological, chemical, physical and social environment, as required.

8 RESIDUAL IMPACTS

This DEIA has been conducted to evaluate the environmental effects associated with the existing

operation of the Tg. Bin Power Plant and the Project.

The key potential impacts associated with the Project have been identified and evaluated, and

mitigation measures recommended as applicable. On the basis of this assessment, it is concluded

that provided all potential impacts associated with the Project are managed appropriately and as

suggested herein, the majority of residual environmental risks will be controlled to acceptable levels.

8.1 Soil Erosion

Soil erosion during the development phase is a transient problem. However it is expected to be

gradually reduced with the progress of development and stabilisation of exposed surfaces after

development. The adoption of an ESCP and the implementation of control measures are expected to

minimise soil erosion during the development and operational phases.

Residual issues associated with soil erosion are due to failure of control measures such as

revegetation and slope stabilisation. These often relate to failure in monitoring and taking remedial

measures promptly. As such, the residual issues on soil erosion are not expected to be significant,

given that control and management measures can be taken to minimise soil loss.

8.2 Water Quality

Suspended Sedimentation

Unmitigated scenarios for marine based activities have been evaluated in Section 9.2 and most of the

impacts in terms of water quality exceedances could be mitigated by adopting effective mitigation

measures such as silt curtains and controlled dredging.

It is anticipated that no unacceptable residual impacts will arise from dredging works and land based

construction activities based on the impact assessment presented in Section 9.2 and summarised

below:

• The maximum short term elevation of SS levels is predicted to be 25 mg/l at 0.1 km and 0.15 km

from the source of intake basin dredging and pipeline alignment work, respectively. The resulting

SS concentration is thus predicted to be 45.1 mg/L, based on an average ambient SS




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concentration of 18.1 mg/L (average value for MW4 which is the nearest monitoring point to the

water intake basin). The predicted resulting concentration is still well within Marine Water Quality

and Standard for Malaysia.

• The elevation of SS will be of a short duration and the levels will return to normal after the

dredging works has stopped.

• The mixing zone is expected to be confined to the immediate vicinity of the works area.

Cooling Water Discharge

It is predicted that the maximum temperature at the existing outfall and intake is about 33.5 and 30.8�C,

respectively for the existing condition based on an ambient marine water temperature of 30�C. The

maximum temperature at the new outfall and intake is about 34.6 and 31.2�C, respectively for the existing

condition based on the same ambient marine water temperature. There is an increase of about 1% for

the maximum excess temperature at the intake due to the presence of the new outfall.

In addition to temperature, the other main environmental concern associated with cooling water

discharge is the chlorine content. However, chlorine is quickly consumed or decayed in seawater

converting mostly to chloride. Further, the dosage will be controlled to not exceed 0.2 ppm during

normal operations, which is well below the 2ppm limit stipulated under Standard B for effluent

discharge.

Given the rapid dilution of cooling water discharges from the discharge outfall, residual environmental

impacts during the operations phase are not expected.

Wastewater Discharge

Other wastewater will be treated and will be reused within the plant at the coal storage yard settling

basin, and for coal and ash transport system. No wastewater will be discharged directly from the

power plant.

Wastewater from the FGD will be treated. The absorbed SO2 is oxidised to harmless sulphate ion,

already a natural constituent of seawater, and is deemed to be insignificant impact to marine life.

Wastewater in the ash pond will be stored and circulated to the plant for reuse in the ash handling

system and will not be discharged into receiving water bodies.

It is concluded that the wastewater generated from the operation of the power plant will not cause

adverse impacts to marine water quality. Therefore, no residual impacts are anticipated provided that

the mitigating measures, described in Section 9.2, are adequately implemented and maintained.

8.3 Marine Ecology

The proposed mitigation and abatement measures as outlined above, if carried as recommended,

would have little in the way of long-term residual impacts. However, from the aquatic environment and

fisheries standpoint, there could be an impact of significance that would need to be considered i.e




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thermal pollution in the vicinity of the discharge point as well as chlorine discharge to prevent marine

growth in the cooling water system. The primary effects of thermal pollution are direct thermal shock,

changes in dissolved oxygen, and the redistribution of organisms in the local community. As for

chlorine, high levels will affect the productivity of aquatic environment.

8.4 Air Quality

Residual impacts due to air emissions are in fact the impacts due to stack emissions after flue gas

has been treated by the air pollution control equipment. As the ambient air quality monitoring for the

existing plant has indicated, the impacts from the existing plant have not adversely impacted the

surrounding environment. Air dispersion modelling for the proposed Project shows that, while

emissions of air pollutants will inevitably increase due to the increased power generating capacity of

the Project, the incremental ground level concentrations are conservatively predicted to be within

acceptable limits and thus the long term residual impacts are not significant. Proper operation and

maintenance of the power plant’s processes and air pollution control equipment will help to ensure

that emissions comply with the prescribed emission limits and thus keep residual impacts to

acceptable levels.

8.5 Noise

Based on the predicted noise levels for the Project, it can be concluded that no residual noise impact

is expected on the sensitive receptors Kg. S. Dinar and K. S. Sam. The existing workers within TBPP

may experience higher but acceptable background noise within the operational areas which require

the administration of personal protective equipment. The operational noise will be long term in nature

and mitigation measures, as described in Section 9.5.6, are crucial to be implemented to control noise

impacts to acceptable levels.

8.6 Environmental Health Risk

It was assessed that the health of the local community is unlikely to be affected by the air pollutants

emitted from the normal operation of the power plant. Under abnormal operations, such as an EP or

bag house failure, the plant will be shutdown within 60 minutes to limit uncontrolled emissions.

Therefore, no residual impact is anticipated provided that the air pollution control systems are

appropriately designed, operated and maintained and shutdown occurs within the required timeframe.

8.7 Land Use Compatibility

No residual impacts are predicted on the land use compatibility as the proposed expanded plant is

located within the existing power plant compound.




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8.8 Waste Management Implications

MCB observes strict rules on management of waste at the site. A similar system will be implemented

for the Project, hence, no residual adverse impacts are expected from the Project provided that the

mitigating measures as described in Section 9.8.4, are fully implemented, adhered to, and managed.

General refuse and construction waste are to be disposed at an approved landfill, while scheduled

waste are to be sent to prescribed premises or Kualiti Alam.

8.9 Land and Groundwater Contaminations

With proper implementation of the recommended practices and procedures, the potential for land and

groundwater contamination due to the construction and operation of the Project is expected to be

minimal. It is considered that the current procedures for handling, storage and disposal of hazardous

wastes and chemicals currently used by MCB will be adequate for the prevention of land and

groundwater contamination when applied to the Project. As such, no residual environmental impacts

are expected.

8.10 Quantitative Risk

Based on the modelling results, the cumulative quantitative risks assessed for the existing and

proposed operation will not pose any significant fire or explosion hazards to the external surrounding

population, and the potential risks involved are within acceptable levels. It is therefore concluded that

there will be no adverse residual impacts if the proposed fire fighting and mitigation measures as

recommended in Section 9.10.5 are in place and maintained in accordance to the safety regulations

stipulated by the relevant authorities.

8.11 Occupational Safety and Health

The existing power plant has recently acquired the OHSAS 18001:2007 certification, and based on

the HSE statistical data from MCB in respect to the safety performance of the existing plant, between

2006 and 2010, the effectiveness of safety management and its enforcement can be considered

adequate.

Continuous improvements in workplace safety and health management would be required in order to

provide an injury-free workplace. This can be achieved by compliance with all applicable local laws

and regulations pertaining to the management of safety and health issues, including the MCB’s HSE

performance standards. In addition, it is recommended that any education, training or initiatives to

improve safety and health include worker groups involved in non-routine activities such as plant

cleaning and contractors who are most at risk.




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8.12 Socio-Economy

With proper mitigation and abatement measures undertaken during the construction and operational

phases, the project is not expected to have any significant lobg-term residual impacts to the

communities. However, from the aspect of increase in employment and business opportunities to the

local communities, there is a residual impact that needs to be considered. More involvement and

employment of the locals at the plant and spin-off effects to the local business community, in Daerah

Pontian and Johor state is an issue that needs the involvement and collaboration of the Project

Proponent. This residual impact cannot be resolved in the short term. Nonetheless, it is

recommended that the Project Proponent review and enlarge its existing community outreach

programme to include training, education, mentoring and capital investment of local youths to form a

potential local worker base for the plant.

8.13 Sea Traffic

The number of ship movements to the power plant both during the construction and operation phases

has been assessed to be insignificant as compared to the existing ship movements plying the route to

Port Tanjung Pelepas. However, the movement of ships/ vessels/ dredgers in the vicinity may

potentially affect the navigation of fishing boats and hindering them from reaching their fishing

grounds.

A summary of potential issues and proposed mitigation measures is given in Table ES-1.

9 CONCLUSION

This Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment has critically assessed the overall acceptability of

the environmental impacts likely to arise as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed

Project. The DEIA has demonstrated the acceptability of any residual impacts from this Project and

the protection of the population and environmentally sensitive resources. For each of the components

assessed in the DEIA report, the assessments and the residual impacts have all been shown to be

acceptable and in compliance with the relevant assessment standards/ criteria of the DOE and

industry guidelines.

Implementation of the Project will make a significant contribution to providing a reliable and cost

effective electricity supply to meet the ongoing and future power requirements, vital to the continuing

economic success of the country. Coal is acknowledged widely as a cost effective and dependable

form of fuel source. With the advances of environmental technology, the emissions of SOx and NOx

can be minimized through installation of flue gas desulphurisation plant and low NOx combustion

systems.

MA

LA

KO

FF

CO

RP

OR

AT

ION

BE

RH

AD

DE

TA

ILE

D E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TA

L I

MP

AC

T A

SS

ES

SM

EN

T O

F A

PR

OP

OS

ED

2X

10

00

MW

EX

TE

NS

ION

AT

TA

NJ

UN

G B

IN C

OA

L-F

IRE

D P

OW

ER

PL

AN

T,

MU

KIM

SE

RK

AT

,

DA

ER

AH

PO

NT

IAN

, J

OH

OR

DA

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L T

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11

Tab

le E

S-1

: S

um

mary

of

Ke

y I

ssu

es

an

d P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

No

K

ey I

ssu

es

P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

Refe

ren

ce in

Rep

ort

D

OE

Co

mm

en

ts

1.

So

il E

rosio

n

•

Pro

vis

ion o

f te

mpora

ry o

r p

erm

anent div

ers

ion c

ha

nne

ls

with

in t

he s

ite.

•

Eart

h b

un

d s

ho

uld

be b

uilt

near

the p

erim

ete

r of

the s

ite.

•

Pro

per

co

nstr

uctio

n o

f sedim

ent re

tentio

n p

onds.

•

Silt

tra

ps a

nd

silt

fences to b

e p

rovid

ed a

t site.

•

Topsoil

to b

e s

pre

ad a

nd

re

gra

ssin

g u

nd

ert

aken.

•

Revegeta

tion o

f bare

soil

surf

ace im

media

tely

aft

er

constr

uction.

•

Lim

it c

leari

ng t

o a

reas d

esig

nate

d f

or

the d

eve

lopm

ent

and

rela

ted f

acili

ties.

•

Min

imis

e tim

e lag b

etw

een s

ite p

repara

tion

an

d c

onstr

uction

activitie

s.

Section 9

.1

2.

Wate

r Q

uality

Constr

uction P

hase

• L

oss o

f sedim

ent to

suspe

nsio

n

• P

ollu

tants

fro

m s

ite r

unoff

ente

ring t

he r

ece

ivin

g w

ate

r

• W

aste

wate

r fr

om

tem

pora

ry s

ite

facili

ties

•

Use o

f silt

curt

ain

s to

pre

ve

nt th

e d

ispers

ion o

fsuspend

ed

sedim

ents

.

•

Tem

pora

rily

sto

p d

redgin

g o

pera

tio

ns d

uri

ng f

ast curr

ent

flow

s.

•

Care

ful sele

ctio

n, o

pera

tio

n a

nd m

ain

tena

nce o

f dre

dgin

g

pla

nts

.

•

Surf

ace r

unoff

to b

e d

irecte

d in

to a

deq

uate

ly d

esig

ned s

ilt

traps o

r sum

p p

its.

•

Open s

tockpile

s t

o b

e c

ove

red w

ith tarp

au

lin o

r sim

ilar

fabric.

Section 9

.2

MA

LA

KO

FF

CO

RP

OR

AT

ION

BE

RH

AD

DE

TA

ILE

D E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TA

L I

MP

AC

T A

SS

ES

SM

EN

T O

F A

PR

OP

OS

ED

2X

10

00

MW

EX

TE

NS

ION

AT

TA

NJ

UN

G B

IN C

OA

L-F

IRE

D P

OW

ER

PL

AN

T,

MU

KIM

SE

RK

AT

,

DA

ER

AH

PO

NT

IAN

, J

OH

OR

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06

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-00

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: 2

5 J

uly

20

11

No

K

ey I

ssu

es

P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

Refe

ren

ce in

Rep

ort

D

OE

Co

mm

en

ts

Opera

tiona

l P

hase

• C

oolin

g w

ate

r d

ischarg

e

• O

ther

pro

cess w

ate

r dis

cha

rge

• S

torm

wate

r dis

charg

e

•

Com

ple

ted a

nd e

xposed

are

as s

hou

ld b

e r

e-v

eg

eta

ted

or

resurf

aced.

•

Pro

vis

ion o

f w

he

el w

ash

ing

ba

y a

t every

site e

xit.

•

To p

revent

foam

form

ation:

- A

do

pt a lo

w d

ischarg

e v

elo

city t

o r

ed

uce turb

ule

nce a

t

outf

all

- A

void

air e

ntr

ain

ment in

th

e d

ischarg

ed w

ate

r

- In

sta

ll a s

uita

ble

foam

barr

ier

or

conta

inm

ent syste

m in

the o

utf

all

•

Pro

cess w

aste

wa

ter

trea

ted to S

tandard

B q

ua

lity o

f th

e

En

viro

nm

enta

l Q

ua

lity (

Ind

ustr

ial E

fflu

ent)

Regu

lations 2

00

9.

•

Surf

ace r

unoff

fro

m c

oal sto

rage y

ard

will

be f

ully

recycle

d f

or

use b

y d

ust su

ppre

ssio

n s

yste

m.

•

Ash p

ond w

ill b

e lin

ed w

ith

an im

perm

eable

cla

y m

ate

rial to

avo

id s

eepa

ge o

f conta

min

ants

to g

roun

dw

ate

r.

•

All

bu

ildin

g o

r covere

d s

tru

ctu

res w

ill b

e e

quip

pe

d w

ith

rain

wate

r d

ow

n p

ipes, con

necte

d t

o th

e n

eare

st dra

in.

•

Sto

rmw

ate

r w

ill b

e p

assed t

hro

ug

h a

sum

p p

it e

qu

ippe

d w

ith

filter

befo

re b

ein

g d

ischarg

ed to

the

marine w

ate

rs.

•

All

sum

p p

its w

ill b

e r

egu

larl

y insp

ecte

d a

nd m

ain

tain

ed to

ensure

th

eir e

ffective c

apacity a

nd f

unctio

n a

t all

tim

es.

•

Sto

rmw

ate

r fr

om

work

shop a

nd lab

ora

tory

are

as w

ill p

ass

thro

ug

h a

n o

il in

terc

epto

r b

efo

re d

ischarg

e in

to t

he m

ain

dra

in.

MA

LA

KO

FF

CO

RP

OR

AT

ION

BE

RH

AD

DE

TA

ILE

D E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TA

L I

MP

AC

T A

SS

ES

SM

EN

T O

F A

PR

OP

OS

ED

2X

10

00

MW

EX

TE

NS

ION

AT

TA

NJ

UN

G B

IN C

OA

L-F

IRE

D P

OW

ER

PL

AN

T,

MU

KIM

SE

RK

AT

,

DA

ER

AH

PO

NT

IAN

, J

OH

OR

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7:

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5 J

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20

11

No

K

ey I

ssu

es

P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

Refe

ren

ce in

Rep

ort

D

OE

Co

mm

en

ts

•

Fuel ta

nk a

nd c

hem

ical sto

rage a

reas s

ho

uld

be s

ited

on

seale

d a

reas a

nd

be s

urr

ou

nded

by b

unds w

ith a

cap

acity

equa

l to

11

0%

of

the larg

est ta

nk c

apacity to

pre

ven

t spill

age

reachin

g r

eceiv

ing

wate

rs.

•

3.

Mari

ne E

co

log

y

•

All

ne

ars

hore

dre

dg

ing a

nd

pili

ng m

ust be c

arr

ied o

ut

beh

ind

silt

curt

ain

s.

•

Appro

pria

te infr

astr

uctu

re f

or

the d

isposal and r

em

ova

l of

solid

waste

and

se

wa

ge s

hould

be

incorp

ora

ted.

•

Resid

ual ch

lori

ne t

hat

dis

ch

arg

es f

rom

the n

ew

outf

all

should

be

monitore

d f

requ

ently to

ensure

that

the

resid

ual

chlo

rine c

once

ntr

ations a

re k

ept w

ith

in a

ccep

tab

le le

ve

ls.

Section 9

.3

4.

Air

Qu

ality

Constr

uction P

hase

• F

ugitiv

e d

ust fr

om

constr

uction

activitie

s

• D

ust du

e to v

ehic

ula

r m

ove

ment

• E

xhaust

em

issio

ns f

rom

constr

uction p

lant

and

vehic

les

Opera

tiona

l P

hase

• F

ugitiv

e a

nd s

tack e

mis

sio

ns

•

Wate

r dry

ro

ad s

urf

aces, a

nd insta

ll w

ind

fences,

wash

trough a

t exit o

f th

e P

roje

ct

site.

•

Revegeta

tion o

f exposed s

urf

aces.

•

Good h

ouse k

eepin

g.

•

Contr

ol of

ve

hic

le s

pe

ed lim

it.

•

Regu

lar

serv

ice a

ndm

ain

tenance o

f constr

uction p

lant

and

veh

icle

s.

•

Pro

vis

ion o

f air p

ollu

tio

n c

ontr

ol sys

tem

s s

uch a

s f

lue g

as

desulp

huri

zation (

FG

D),

du

st filter

pla

nt,

an

d N

Ox c

ontr

ol

Section 9

.4

MA

LA

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FF

CO

RP

OR

AT

ION

BE

RH

AD

DE

TA

ILE

D E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TA

L I

MP

AC

T A

SS

ES

SM

EN

T O

F A

PR

OP

OS

ED

2X

10

00

MW

EX

TE

NS

ION

AT

TA

NJ

UN

G B

IN C

OA

L-F

IRE

D P

OW

ER

PL

AN

T,

MU

KIM

SE

RK

AT

,

DA

ER

AH

PO

NT

IAN

, J

OH

OR

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06

7:

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-00

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5 J

uly

20

11

No

K

ey I

ssu

es

P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

Refe

ren

ce in

Rep

ort

D

OE

Co

mm

en

ts

sys

tem

s.

•

Perf

orm

ance m

onitoring

of

the p

ow

er

pla

nt pro

cesses.

•

Sched

ule

d a

nd p

reventive m

ain

tenance o

f equ

ipm

ent and

sys

tem

s.

•

Pollu

tio

n c

ontr

ol e

qu

ipm

ent should

be o

pera

ted a

nd

main

tain

ed b

y c

om

pete

nt

pers

onne

l.

•

Insta

llation

of

Continu

ous E

mis

sio

n M

onitorin

g S

yste

m

(CE

MS

) to

monitor

flu

e g

as e

mis

sio

n q

ua

lity.

5.

No

ise Im

pact

Constr

uction P

hase

• N

ois

e f

rom

constr

uction

equ

ipm

ent and

vehic

les

Opera

tiona

l P

hase

• N

ois

e f

rom

pro

cess a

reas

• N

ois

e f

rom

vehic

ula

r m

ove

ment

and e

qu

ipm

ent

•

Use o

f lo

w n

ois

e e

quip

ment and

turn

off

engin

e w

he

n idle

.

•

Insta

llation

of

eng

ine s

ilencers

.

•

Work

ers

to w

ear

pers

onal p

rote

ctive e

qu

ipm

ent.

•

All

constr

uction e

qu

ipm

ent

to b

e p

rop

erl

y o

pera

ted a

nd

main

tain

ed.

•

Pro

per

pla

nn

ing

an

d lo

w-n

ois

e p

lant

desig

n.

•

Routine m

ain

tena

nce a

nd inspectio

n o

n e

quip

ment.

•

Lim

it w

ork

dura

tion

in

hig

h n

ois

e a

reas.

•

Imple

menta

tio

n o

f no

ise m

onitorin

g p

rogra

mm

e.

•

Imple

menta

tio

n o

f H

eari

ng

Conserv

ation P

rogra

mm

e a

nd

aud

iom

etr

ic test fo

r w

ork

ers

.

•

Nois

e a

t e

aste

rn b

oun

dary

to m

eet D

OE

lim

its o

f 65 d

B(A

)

for

both

da

y t

ime a

nd n

ight

tim

e a

nd 6

0 d

B(A

) at

nig

ht

tim

e

Section 9

.5

MA

LA

KO

FF

CO

RP

OR

AT

ION

BE

RH

AD

DE

TA

ILE

D E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TA

L I

MP

AC

T A

SS

ES

SM

EN

T O

F A

PR

OP

OS

ED

2X

10

00

MW

EX

TE

NS

ION

AT

TA

NJ

UN

G B

IN C

OA

L-F

IRE

D P

OW

ER

PL

AN

T,

MU

KIM

SE

RK

AT

,

DA

ER

AH

PO

NT

IAN

, J

OH

OR

DA

RU

L T

AK

ZIM

P

age lxi

054

/80

06

7:

00-E

N-R

EP

-00

01

-0 R

ev 0

: 2

5 J

uly

20

11

No

K

ey I

ssu

es

P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

Refe

ren

ce in

Rep

ort

D

OE

Co

mm

en

ts

for

nort

hern

, w

este

rn a

nd s

outh

ern

boun

dari

es.

6.

Pu

blic H

ealt

h

• N

o s

ignific

ant

impact to

com

munity h

ea

lth

•

Regu

lar

monitori

ng o

f air q

ualit

y a

t re

ce

pto

r are

as. C

ontr

ol of

air q

ualit

y w

ould

als

o e

nsure

tha

t pu

blic

he

alth r

isks a

re

min

imiz

ed.

Section 9

.6

7.

Lan

d U

se

• N

o s

ignific

ant

impact to

surr

oundin

g la

nd u

ses

•

None r

equ

ired. T

he d

evelo

pm

ent of

the P

roje

ct is

within

its

exis

tin

g T

g B

in P

ow

er

Pla

nt

lan

d h

old

ing a

nd is c

om

patible

and c

om

plie

s w

ith

the

la

nd u

se z

onin

g p

lan a

dvocate

d in t

he

Dis

tric

t Loca

l P

lan f

or

Po

ntian 2

002-2

015

. .

Section 9

.7

8.

Waste

Man

ag

em

en

t

Constr

uction P

hase

• C

onstr

uction w

aste

, g

enera

l

refu

se a

nd s

ched

ule

d w

aste

Opera

tiona

l P

hase

• M

un

icip

al so

lid w

aste

s, re

sid

ua

l

pro

cess w

aste

and s

ched

ule

d

waste

.

•

Sed

iment dre

dg

ed t

o b

e d

isposed a

t L

ong B

ank, an

appro

ve

d location,

appro

xim

ate

ly 7

7 k

m fro

m the s

ite.

•

Pro

per

dis

posal of

genera

l re

fuse a

nd c

onstr

uction w

aste

at

appro

ve

d landfill.

•

Segre

gation

an

d s

tora

ge o

f diffe

rent ty

pes o

f w

aste

in

diffe

rent conta

iners

, skip

s o

r sto

ckpile

s

•

Open b

urn

ing is s

tric

tly p

rohib

ite

d.

•

Sched

ule

d w

aste

to

be m

anage

d a

ccord

ing t

o E

nviro

nm

enta

l

Qualit

y (

Sche

dule

d W

aste

s)

Regu

lations,

200

5.

•

Sto

rage a

reas to b

e a

de

qu

ate

ly d

esig

ned

, constr

ucte

d a

nd

Section 9

.8

MA

LA

KO

FF

CO

RP

OR

AT

ION

BE

RH

AD

DE

TA

ILE

D E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TA

L I

MP

AC

T A

SS

ES

SM

EN

T O

F A

PR

OP

OS

ED

2X

10

00

MW

EX

TE

NS

ION

AT

TA

NJ

UN

G B

IN C

OA

L-F

IRE

D P

OW

ER

PL

AN

T,

MU

KIM

SE

RK

AT

,

DA

ER

AH

PO

NT

IAN

, J

OH

OR

DA

RU

L T

AK

ZIM

P

age lxii

054

/80

06

7:

00-E

N-R

EP

-00

01

-0 R

ev 0

: 2

5 J

uly

20

11

No

K

ey I

ssu

es

P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

Refe

ren

ce in

Rep

ort

D

OE

Co

mm

en

ts

main

tain

ed to

pre

vent

spill

age o

r le

akage.

•

Resid

ual pro

cess w

aste

s w

ill b

e r

ecycle

d in t

he p

rocess lin

es

or

reused in o

ther

industr

ies (

e.g

. cem

ent in

dustr

y).

9.

Lan

d a

nd

Gro

un

dw

ate

r

Co

nta

min

ati

on

•

Lig

ht fu

el oil

tanks w

ill b

e c

onstr

ucte

d w

ithin

a b

und

ed

concre

te a

rea c

apa

ble

of

hold

ing

at

least

110

% o

f to

tal

sto

rage c

ap

acity.

•

Daily

insp

ectio

n o

f oil

inte

rcepto

rs b

y tech

nic

ians.

•

Segre

gation

, sto

rag

e a

nd h

and

ling o

f chem

icals

will

co

mply

with t

he E

nvir

onm

enta

l Q

ualit

y (

Sched

ule

d W

aste

s)

Regu

lations 2

00

5.

•

Ash p

ond w

ill b

e lin

ed w

ith

an im

perm

eable

mate

rials

to

pre

ve

nt see

pa

ge o

f he

avy m

eta

ls in the

coa

l ash into

gro

un

dw

ate

r.

Section 9

.9

10.

Qu

an

tita

tiv

e R

isk

Identified R

isks

• L

FO

Sto

rage A

rea

• C

oal S

tora

ge

Yard

•

Sto

rage t

anks m

ust be in c

om

plia

nce w

ith a

ppro

pri

ate

sta

ndard

s a

pp

lica

ble

to M

ala

ysia

.

•

Oil

sum

p, bun

d a

nd c

onta

inm

ent pits s

hall

be insta

lled

to

min

imiz

e c

onta

min

atio

n o

f spill

ag

e.

•

Pro

vis

ion o

f an inte

rna

l p

eri

mete

r dra

inag

e s

yste

m f

or

pre

ve

ntion o

f sto

rmw

ate

r conta

min

ation.

•

Coal sto

rag

e y

ard

to

be locate

d a

wa

y f

rom

heat sourc

es a

nd

Section 9

.10

MA

LA

KO

FF

CO

RP

OR

AT

ION

BE

RH

AD

DE

TA

ILE

D E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TA

L I

MP

AC

T A

SS

ES

SM

EN

T O

F A

PR

OP

OS

ED

2X

10

00

MW

EX

TE

NS

ION

AT

TA

NJ

UN

G B

IN C

OA

L-F

IRE

D P

OW

ER

PL

AN

T,

MU

KIM

SE

RK

AT

,

DA

ER

AH

PO

NT

IAN

, J

OH

OR

DA

RU

L T

AK

ZIM

P

age lxiii

054

/80

06

7:

00-E

N-R

EP

-00

01

-0 R

ev 0

: 2

5 J

uly

20

11

No

K

ey I

ssu

es

P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

Refe

ren

ce in

Rep

ort

D

OE

Co

mm

en

ts

well

ventila

ted

.

•

Avoid

feedin

g h

ot co

als

fro

m s

tora

ge p

iles into

coa

l

pulv

eri

ser

un

it.

•

Pre

ventive a

nd r

esp

onsiv

e d

esig

n in th

e c

oa

l p

ulv

erise

r.

•

Main

tain

hig

h s

tan

dard

of

housekeepin

g a

t all

tim

es.

•

Routine e

merg

ency d

rills

.

•

Fire a

larm

and f

ire f

ighting s

yste

m s

hould

be inspecte

d a

nd

main

tain

ed r

eg

ula

rly.

•

Sto

rage t

anks s

ited w

ithin

bunds to

conta

in s

pill

age.

•

Oil

sum

p, bun

d a

nd c

onta

inm

ent pits a

re insta

lled to

min

imis

e c

onta

min

atio

n o

f spill

ag

e.

•

Pro

vis

ion o

f an inte

rna

l p

eri

mete

r dra

inag

e s

yste

m to p

reven

t

sto

rmw

ate

r co

nta

min

ation d

ue t

o s

pill

age

.

•

Peri

odic

inspectio

n a

nd m

ain

ten

ance t

o e

nsure

eq

uip

ment

is

in g

ood

work

ing c

on

ditio

ns.

11.

Occu

pati

on

al

Safe

ty a

nd

Healt

h

• W

ork

ers

’ exposure

to

safe

ty a

nd

hea

lth h

azard

s

•

Ado

ption o

f safe

ty p

rocedure

s f

or

all

activitie

s.

•

Pro

per

train

ing f

or

em

plo

ye

es to b

e a

lert

abou

t occupa

tion

al,

safe

ty a

nd h

ealth r

isks.

Section 9

.11

MA

LA

KO

FF

CO

RP

OR

AT

ION

BE

RH

AD

DE

TA

ILE

D E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TA

L I

MP

AC

T A

SS

ES

SM

EN

T O

F A

PR

OP

OS

ED

2X

10

00

MW

EX

TE

NS

ION

AT

TA

NJ

UN

G B

IN C

OA

L-F

IRE

D P

OW

ER

PL

AN

T,

MU

KIM

SE

RK

AT

,

DA

ER

AH

PO

NT

IAN

, J

OH

OR

DA

RU

L T

AK

ZIM

P

age lxiv

054

/80

06

7:

00-E

N-R

EP

-00

01

-0 R

ev 0

: 2

5 J

uly

20

11

No

K

ey I

ssu

es

P

rop

osed

Mit

igati

on

Measu

res

Refe

ren

ce in

Rep

ort

D

OE

Co

mm

en

ts

12.

So

cio

-eco

no

my

•

Maxim

ise e

mplo

yment

of

the loca

l p

opu

latio

n thro

ug

h

com

munity o

utr

each

pro

gra

mm

es, tr

ain

ing, e

ducation a

nd

hum

an c

apita

l d

evelo

pm

ent.

•

Min

imis

e s

ituations w

here

conflic

ts b

etw

ee

n f

ore

ign w

ork

ers

and t

he loca

l com

munitie

s c

ould

occur.

•

Min

imis

e r

oad a

nd m

arine t

raff

ic r

isks.

•

Expan

d its

com

munity o

utr

each p

rogra

mm

e to inclu

de

the

fishin

g c

om

munitie

s a

nd e

xpand

its

mangro

ve r

ep

lan

ting

schem

e to c

over

are

as b

eyond t

he p

roje

ct site b

ou

nda

ry.

•

Cond

uct m

ore

engag

em

ent/dia

logue w

ith th

e local

com

munitie

s to

keep r

esid

ents

info

rmed o

f air a

nd w

ate

r

monitoring r

esu

lts.

•

Work

in c

olla

bora

tion w

ith t

he local hea

lth

ag

ency t

o m

onitor

pub

lic h

ealth a

mongst th

e local re

sid

en

ts.

Section 9

.12

executive summary - doe.gov.my · the project title for which this detailed eia report is prepared,...

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