executive seminar centernd601mt9497/nd601mt9497.pdf · this seminar is designed tostudythe ellects...
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UnitedStatesCivil ServiceCommission
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY& PUBLIC POLICY
% AR % 26, im
EXECUTIVESEMINAR CENTER
(Ultima,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Berkeley Executive Seminar Center Staffsincerely appreciates the assistance continuouslyprovided by participating governmentdepartmentsand agencies, their Directors of Personnel andTraining Officers.
We also particularly acknowledge the advice andsupport given by officials, faculty, and studentsof the University of California as an importantelement in assisting the Center in meeting itsobjectives.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY
A SEMINAR FOR GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVES
Executive Seminar Center2440 Bancroft Way
Berkeley, California
May 14 - 26, 1978
PROGRAM
An Interagency Training ProgramU. S. Civil Service Commission
1
FOREWORD
The seminar on Science, Technology and Public Policy is one olnine dlHerent seminars given at the Executive Seminar CenteAS at Berkeley,Calllornla, Kings Point, New Vork, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Wilmington,Velaivare. The Centers are supported by ovck lilty Federal, State, andlocal government agencies and are sponsored by the Bureau ol Training,U. S. Civil Service Commission, Washington, V. C.
The objectives ol the seminars at the lour Centers is to providegovernment managers with an understanding ol the larger systems withinwhich their day-to-day activity exists; an oppoKluniiy to stay on theleading edge ol changing conditions; and an updating In managerial andadministrative thought and behavior.
This seminar is designed to study the ellects ol science andtechnology on government policy, oKganlzatlon, and management and toexamine the Kelatlonshlps between technological advances and social andeconomic Issues. The participants will analyze the processes throughwhich national science policies are lormulated and Implemented.
Lectures and discussions with eminent scientists , academicians,and olliclals Irom government and Industry lorm the basic stAucture lorthe two-week meeting. In addition there will be a lleld trip to a largeresearch lacillty and coHoquia In which paKtlclpants discuss contempoKOKyliterature dealing with science and technology.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Tint Executive. SemlnaK CenteA stnceAelyappKeciates tk<i time, and e^oKt o^ thefiollowtng people toko have, contAtbutedto this semtnaK.
RESIDENT PROGRAM STAFF
CKadoc L. Bags haw
Al BeJUieA
PKogKam ViAectoK
Assistant VKogKam ViAectoK
VKogKam AssistantBess Babin
Hon. William M. Bennett State ol Calllornla, Sacramento
Vr. William E. Cooper Michigan State UntveASity , East Lansing
Vr. Russell C. Vrew Systems Control, Inc., AKllngton, Virginia
Vr. Edward A. Feigenbaum Stanlord University, Stanlord, CalllornlaVr. Ida R. Hoos UntveASity ol CaltloKnta, BeAkeley
Vr. Richard L. Meier UntveASity ol CaliloKnla, Berkeley
Vr. Arthur Pearl University ol Calllornla, Santa Cruz
ProlessoK Sir George PoKteA The Royal Institution, London, England
Mk. M. H. Schwartz Consultant, Washington, V. C.
Vr. Michael Scriven University ol San Francisco , CaliloKnlaVr. Chalmers W. Sherwln Gull Atomic Company, San Vlego , CaliloKnlaVr. Maneck S. Wadia Consultant, Vel MaK, CallloKniaMr. Robert J. White ChevKon Research Company, Richmond,
Calllornla
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CONTENTS
Foreword I
Acknowledgements 11
Registration 1
The Program
Science and the Human Purpose ... Lecture by ProlessorSir George PoKteA 2
Implications ol the BehavloKal Sciences lok the Managementol Technical PKogKams ... LectuKe by Vk. Maneck S. Wadia 2
Rebottling the Nuclear Genii ... Lecture by Mr. Amory Lovlns 2
The Time o I Man . . . Film 3
The Ethical Vimenslons ol Science Policy ... Group Exercisewith Vr. Maneck S. Wadia 3
Public Responsibilities ol the Scientist in Government. . . Group Vlscussions 3
A Close Look at the Merit System ... A Colloquium 4
The Mythology ol Methodology ... Lecture by Vr. Ida Hoos 4
Science Policy in the White House ... Lecture byVr. Russell C. Vrew 4
Nature, Man, and Technology ... A Colloquium 5
Technological and Non-Technological Causes and Cures lokEnviAonmental VegKadatlon .. LectuKe by Mk. M. H. Schwartz 5
The Computer: PKogKams ol Consultation Between Man andComputeA; New Vevelopments; and Issues ol SocialConsequence ... Lecture by Vr. Edward A. Feigenbaum 5
Material Needs lor a Technological Society and theEnvironmental Costs ... Lecture by Vr. William E. Cooper 6
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Economic Consequences ol Resource Vevelopment and EnvironmentalControls . . . Lecture by Vr. William E. Cooper 6
A Viscusslon ol the Concept ol Intermediate Technology. . . A CoHoc\ulum sToward A Post-Technical Society . . . LectuAe by
Vr. AKihuK Pearl &
Evaluation as a Science Query .. Lecture by Vr. Mlclvael Scriven S
Soli Energy Paths lor Calilornla ... Lecture byMr. Amory Lovlns s
Are Economic Growth and the Quality ol Lile on a CollisionCourse? ... A Colloquium 9
The Political Vimenslons ol Energy Policies ... Lecture byThe Honorable William M. Bennett 9
And Who Sliall Feed the WoKld? . . . Film 9
Toward a Technology o{ Behavior? ... A Colloquium 10
Energy: The Outlook lor Synthetic Fuel Options ... Lectureby Mr. Robert J. Wliite 10
Fusion Research and LaseA Applications ... A Visit to theLawKence Llvermore Laboratory 10
Vlssent In the Public Interest ... A Colloquium 11
Science and Economic Vevelopment: The Veslgn ol Resource-Conserving Cities ... Lecture by Vr. Richard L. Meier 11
A Plan lor Energy Sulllclency lor the United States ...Lecture by Vk. Chalmers W. Shervjln 11
Why Man Creates . . . Film 1 1
A Review ol the Program by Participants and Stall 11
Readings 13
1
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY
FIRST WEEK
From 2:00 p.m. on REGISTRATION
Hotel Durant2600 Durant AvenueBerkeley, California
Please register for room assignments atthe Hotel Durant. Orientation informationwill be given to you at the desk.
5:00 - 7:00 p.m. DINNER
For those who arrive before 7-00 p.m.,dinner will be available in the ExecutiveSeminar Center Dining Room in the HotelDurant, Please wear your name tag foridentification and gett i ng-acqua i ntedpurposes .The remainder of the day and evening isyour personal time to unpack, get settled,etc .
Sunday, May 14, 1978
2
Monday, May 15, 1978
Breakfast, Main Dining Room, Hotel Durant
Morning Session
INTRODUCTION TO "SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY ANDPUBLIC POLICY"
Cradoc L. BagshawProgram Di rectorExecutive Seminar Center2440 Bancroft WayBerkeley, California
SCIENCE AND THE HUMAN PURPOSE
Sir George Porter,
F„R,S
Director and Fuller ian Professorof Chemistry
The Royal InstitutionLondon, England
Lunch, Main Dining Room, Hotel Durant
Afternoon Session
IMPLICATIONS OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES FORTHE MANAGEMENT OF TECHNICAL PROGRAMS
Dr . Maneck S Wad laConsul tantDel Mar, Ca l i fornia
Evening Session
REBOTTLING THE NUCLEAR GENII
Amory LovinsBritish RepresentativeFriends of the EarthLondon, England
This lecture is sponsored by the Universityof California and is at Wheeler Auditorium.
3
Tuesday, May 16, 1978
NOTE: Breakfast, lunch and dinner are at the sametimes each weekday unless otherwise specified.
Morning Session
8:15 a.m. FILM: "TIME OF MAN"
9:30 a.m. THE ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF SCIENCE POLICY
Dr. Maneck S. Wadia
Afternoon Session
1 :45 p.m. Group Picture
2:00 p.m. Participants Introductions
3:30 p.m. PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SCIN GOVERNMENT
lENTIST
Evening Session
Study Assignments7:30 p.m.
4
Wednesday, May 17, 1978
Morning Session
8:15 a.m. A CLOSE LOOK AT THE MERIT SYSTEMCOLLOQUIUM
A
9:30 a.m. THE MYTHOLOGY OF METHODOLOGY
Dr. Ida R. HoosResearch SociologistSpace Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley, California
Afternoon Session
1 :30 p.m. SCIENCE POLICY IN THE WHITE HOUSE
Dr. Russell C. DrewVice PresidentSystems Control, inc.Arl i ngton, Virgi n ia
Evening Session
7:30 p.m. Study Assignments
5
Thursday, May 18, 1978
Morning Session
NATURE, MAN, AND TECHNOLOGY ... ACOLLOQUIUM
TECHNOLOGICAL AND NON-TECHNOLOGICAL CAUSESAND CURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
Mr. M. H. SchwartzConsultant and Lecturer on
Environmental EconomicsWashington, D. C.
Afternoon Session
THE COMPUTER: PROGRAMS OF CONSULTATIONBETWEEN MAN AND COMPUTER; NEW DEVELOPMENTS;AND ISSUES OF SOCIAL CONSEQUENCE
Dr. Edward A. FeigenbaumCha i rmanDepartment of Computer ScienceStanford UniversityStanford, California
Evening Session
Study Assignments
6
Friday, May 19, 1978
Morning Session
8:15 a.m. MATERIAL NEEDS FOR A TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETYAND THE ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
Dr . Willi am E . CooperProfessor of Zoology and EcologyMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, Michigan
Afternoon Session
1 :30 p.m. ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF RESOURCEDEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS
Dr . Will i am E . Cooper
7
Saturday, May 20, 1978
and
Sunday, May 21, 1978
Field trips and other weekend activities willdiscussed and planned during the first week ofthe seminar. Weekend meal times are covered igeneral information provided each participantthe beginning of the session.
be
nat
8
SECOND WEEK
Morning Session
8:15 a.m. A DISCUSSION OF THE CONCEPT OF INTERMEDIATETECHNOLOGY ... A COLLOQUIUMA COLLOQUIUM
9:30 a.m. TOWARD A POST-TECHNICAL SOCIETY
Dr. Arthur PearlProfessor of EducationUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Cruz, California
Afternoon Session
1 :30 p.m. EVALUATION AS A SCIENCE QUERY
Dr. Michael ScrivenDirector, Evaluation InstituteUniversity of San Francisco
on leave fromUniversity of California, Berkeley
Evening Session
8:00 p.m. SOFT ENERGY PATHS FOR CALIFORNIA
Mr. Amory LovinsBritish RepresentativeFriends of the EarthLondon, England
This lecture is sponsored by the Universityof California and will be at WheelerAud i tor ium.
Monday, May 22, 1978
9
Tuesday, May 23, 1978
Morning Session
8:15 a.m. ARE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE QUALITY OFLIFE ON A COLLISION COURSE? ... ACOLLOQUIUM
9:30 a.m. THE POLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF ENERGY POLICIES
The Honorable William M. BennettChairman, State Board of EqualizationState of Cal i forn iaSacramento, Ca l i for g ia
Afternoon Session
1 :30 p.m. FILM: "AND WHO SHALL FEED THE WORLD?"
Evening Session
7:30 p.m. Study Ass ignments
10
Wednesday, May 24, 1978
Morning Session
8:15 a.m. TOWARD A TECHNOLOGY OF BEHAVIOR?COLLOQUIUM
A
9:30 a.m. ENERGY: THE OUTLOOK FOR SYNTHETIC FUELOPTIONS
Mr. Robert J. WhiteSenior Research AssociateChevron Research CompanyRichmond, California
Afternoon Session
1 :30 p.m. FUSION RESEARCH AND LASER APPLICATIONS
... Visit to the Lawrence LivermoreLaboratory
Evening Session
7:30 p.m. Study Assignments
11
Thursday, May 25, 1 978
Morning Session
8:15 a.m. DISSENT IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST ... ACOLLOQUIUM
SCIENCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THEDESIGN OF RESOURCE-CONSERVING CITIES
Dr. Richard L. MeierProfessor of Environmental DesignUniversity of CaliforniaBerkel ey , Cal i fornia
Afternoon Session
1 :30 p.m. A PLAN FOR ENERGY SUFFICIENCY FOR THEUNITED STATES
Dr. Chalmers W. SherwinVice President and General Manager
Special ProductsGeneral Atomic CompanySan D iego, Cal i fornia
9=30 a.m.
12
Friday, May 26, 1978
Morning Session
8:30 a.m. FILM: "WHY MAN CREATES"
9:00 a.m. A REVIEW OF THE PROGRAM BY PARTICIPANTSAND STAFF
12:00 Noon CLOSING LUNCHEON
Hotel Durant
13
READINGS
These woKks aAe available In the CenteKLlbKOKy and aAe Kecommended lok geneKalbackgKound pKepoKation. Some have beenmailed to poKtlclpants In advance.
RobeAl J. Akl, The TFK Veclslon
Isaac Astmov , I, Robot
RobeAt 3. BoKbeA, The Politics ol ReseaAch
RlchaAd J. BaAnet and Ronald E. MulleK, Global Reach
PeteA Beckman, The Health HazaAds ol Not Going NucleoK
Vanlel Bell, The Coming ol the Post- Industrial Society
A. CoKnellus Benjamin, Science, Technology and Human Values
Guy Benvenlste,The Politics ol ExpeAtlse
HenAlk L. Blum, Expanding Health CaAe HoKlzons
Stanley A. BlumbeAg and Gulnn Owens, EneKgy and Conl-llct, The Lile andTimes ol Edwcutd TelleA
Philip BoHey, The BKaln Bank ol AmeKlca: An Inquiry Into the Pollla.csol Science
Ronald H. BKacewell, Intelligent Llle In Outer Space
J. BKonowsky, Science and Human Values
Harrison BKown, et al., The Next HundeKd yeaKS
MaKtin BAown, ed., The Social Responsibility ol the Scientist
VannevaA Bush, Science Is not Enough
HeAbeAt ButteKlleld, The Origins ol Modexn Science
Ritchie Colder, Science In our Lives
CallloKnla Institute ol Technology, The Next Ninety YeaKS
Rachel Carson, Silent SpKlng
14
Wilson Clark, Energy lor Survival: The Alternative lo Extinction
H.S..V. Cole, et al., Models ol Voom: A Critique ol the Limits to Growth
Committee lor Economic Vevelopment, Achieving Energy Independence
Committee lor Economic Vevelopment, More EHective Programs lor a CleanerEnvironment
Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle
James B. Conant, Science and Common Sense
Herman E. Valy, Toward a Steady-State Economy
Noel Ve Nevers, ed., Technology and Society
Verek J. de Solla Price, Little Science, Big Science
Peter Vrucker, The Age ol Visconllnuity
Vupre and LakoH, Science and the Nation
Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society
Paul Ehrlich, The Population Bomb
Paul Ehrlich and Richard Harriman, How to be a Survivor
John C. Esposito, Vanishing Air
Amital Etzloni and RichanA Remp, Technological Shortcuts to Social Change
Edward A. Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman, Computers and Thought
Victor C. Ferhiss, Technological Man: The Myth and the Reality
VictoK Fuels, Who Shall Live: Health, Economics and Social Change
BuckminsteK Fuller, AppKcaching the Benign Environment
John K. GalbKolth, The New Industrial State
Robert Gilpin, American Scientists and Nuclear Weapons Policy
Eli Glnzberg, ed. , Technology and Social Change
Melvln J. Grayson and Thomas R. Shepard, Jr., The V-iSaster Lobby
Vaniel S. Greenberg, The Politics ol Pure Science
CHHord M. Hardin, ed. , Overcoming World Hunger
15
Garrett Hardin, Exploring New Ethics ol Survival: The Voyage ol theSpaceship Beagle
, "The Tragedy ol the Commons," Science, Vecember 13, 196S
Caryl P. Haskings, The Scientilic Revolution and World PoliticsRobert L. Heilbroner, An Inquiry into the Human Condition
Werner Helsenberg, Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution ol Modern Science
Walter W. Heller, Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Collisionor Co -Existence?
Lawrence G, Hmes , Environmental Issues: Population and Economics
Fred Hirsch, Social Limits to Growth
Joseph Hixon, The Patchwork Mouse
John HoldAen, EneKgy
Gerald Holton, ed. , Science and Culture
Ida R. Hoos, "Can Systems Analysis Solve Social Problems?" Vatamatlon,June 1974
, Systems Analysis in Public Policy
Herman Kahn, The Next Two Hunderd years
, Thinking About the Unthinkable
Fremont Kast and James Rosenzweig, Science, Technology and Management
Boyd R. Keenan, ed., Science and the University
Philip J. Klass, Secret Sentries in Space
Allen V. Kneese and Charles L. Schullze, Controlling Air and Water PollutionEconomic Incentives veAsus Regulation
James W. Kuhn, Scientilic and Managerial Manpower In Nuclear Industry
Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure ol Scientilic Revolutions
. "Criteria icr 'Good' Futures Research," TechnologicalForecasting and Social Change, 1914
E. & E. Hutchmgs, Scientilic Progress and Human Values
Harry G. Johnson, Man and His Environment
16
Ralph Lapp, The Logarithmic Century
John Maddox, The Voomsday Syndrome
James L. McCamy, Science and Public AdministrationV. H. Meadows, et al., The Limits to Growth
Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Vevelopment: New Patterns ol Llvlnt
___, Planning lor an Urban World: The Veslgn ol Resource-Conserving Cities
Seymour Melman, American Capitalism In Vecllne: The Cost ol a PermanentWar Economy
Mlhajlo Mesarovlc and Edward Pestel, Mankind at the Turning Point, [Studylor the Club ol Rome)
Rulus E. Miles, Jr., Awakening Irom the American Vream
Noel Mostert, SupeAslilp
Richard R. Nelson, Murton J. Peck, and Edward R. Kalachek, TechnologyEconomic Growth and Public Policy
H. L. Nleburg, In the Name ol Science
Robert Ornstein, The Psychology ol Consciousness
AKlhuA Pearl, Landslide
Vonald C. Pelz and Frank M. Andrews, Scientists In Organizations
J. L. Penlck, Jr., et al. , eds, The Politics ol American Science
Paul J. Plccard, Science and Policy Issues
William G. Pollard, Science and Faith: Twin Mysteries
Von K. Price, Government and Science
I. I. Rabl, Science: The Center ol Culture
Michael V. Regan, Science and the Federal Patron
P. C. Rltterbush, ed. , Technology as InstiMxtlonally Related to Human Values
Edward 8. Roberts , The Vynamics ol Research and Vevelopment
Vanlel V. Roman, Research and Vevelopment Management: The Economics andAdministration ol Technology
17
Jonas Salk, The Survival ol the Wisest
E. F. Schumacher, Small is Beautilul: Economics as il People Mattered
Paul Shepard and Vanlel McKinley, The Subversive Science: Essays TowciKdEcology ol Man
an
James B. Shuman and Vavid Rosenau, The KondAatieU Wave
HeKbeKt Simon, The Shape ol Automation lor Men and Management
B. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Vignlty
Eugene B. SkolnikoH, Science, Technology and American Foreign Policy
C. P. Snow, Science and Government
Alvm Toilier, Future Shock
The Eco -Spasm RepoKl
James S. TuAneA, The Chemical Feast
U. S. Vepartment ol Agriculture, The World Food Situation and Prospectsto 79R ~~
U. S. Vepartment ol Commerce, Technological Innovation: Its EnvironmentManagement
and
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Final Report lok the NationalCoherence en Managing the Environment
U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Reactor Salety Study. An Assessmentol Accident Risk m U.S. Commerc 'uclear Plants, October 197
Alvm M. WeinbeKg, CnteAia lor Scientilic Choice
MoKlon While, Science and Sentiment m AmeAica
Jerome 8. WiesneA, Where Science and Politics Meet
HerbeAt york, The AdvisoKs: Oppenheimer, Teller and the Superbomb
Race to Oblivion
EXECUTIVE SEMINAR CENTER PROGRAMPARTICIPATING GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
ACTION
Department of Agriculture
Department of the Air Force
Department of the Army
Civil Service Commission
Department of Commerce
Commission on Civil Rights
Community Services Administration
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Defense Communications Agency
Defense Investigative Service
Defense Logistics Agency
Defense Nuclear Agency
Energy Research and DevelopmentAdministration
Environmental Protection Agency
Farm Credit Administration
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Energy Administration
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
General Accounting Office
General Services Administration
Department of Health, Education and Welfare
Departmentof Housing and Urban Development
Department of the Interior
Department of JusticeDepartment of Labor
National Advisory Council on Equality ofEducational Opportunity
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Credit Union Administration
National Labor Relations Board
National TransportationSafety Board
Department of the Navy
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
Office of Management and Budget
Securities and Exchange Commission
Small Business Administration
State of California
Tennessee Valley Authority
Department of Transportation
Department of the Treasury
Veterans Administration
AN INTERAGENCY TRAINING FACILITY OFTHE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
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