executive branch. presidential roles head of state head of government head of party chief...
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Requirements 35 years old Natural born citizen 14 years residencyTRANSCRIPT
CH 14Executive Branch
Presidential Roles
Head of State Head of Government Head of party Chief Citizen Chief diplomat Commander in chief Chief guardian of the economy
Requirements
35 years old Natural born citizen 14 years residency
Amendments
20th Amendment-lame duck amendment-date changed in Jan 20th
22nd Amendment-2 term amendment 25th Amendment-Presidential
disability
Presidential Succession Act of 1947
The Electoral College
Key facts!
Founders designed electoral college as an indirect method of selecting the President
Every state has same number of electors as they have members of Congress
Electors slated by political parties in the state-assigned based on who wins plurality of vote in each state
Winner take all system in most states-majority needed to win election
Electoral College Maps
Problems
Problem of unpopular Presidents Elections of 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000
Reforms
Direct Election with Instant Runoff Voting
Proportional Allocation of Electoral Votes
Direct Vote with Plurality Rule
Congressional District Method
National Bonus Plan
Presidential Powers
Executive Powers
The Constitution assigns the President with the role of enforcing the laws of the US
Broad powers in foreign and domestic affairs
Issue of Executive Orders-Presidential order to enforce or not enforce a law, court ruling, or treaty
Examples
Military Powers
Legislative Powers
President strictly defined by Constitution
State of the Union Address Can suggest, shape, approve, or veto
legislation Pocket-Veto Can issue veto or signing statements
Diplomatic Powers
Judicial Powers
Appointment power-federal judgesPower to grant pardons and reprieves,
commutations, and amnesty A pardon is a legal forgiveness of a
crime. A reprieve is the postponement of the
execution of a sentence. To grant amnesty means to give a
general pardon to a group of law violators.
Ford pardons Nixon
War Powers Act
The President can only send troops, 60 days without either a declaration of war by Congress or a specific Congressional mandate, must inform within 48 hours
The President can extend the time the troops are in the combat area for 30 extra days, without Congressional approval, for a total of 90 days.
Budget Reform Act of 1974
Limits impoundment of funds by the President
Forces him to spend money allocated by Congress within a certain number of days
Executive Privilege
President has the privilege to withhold presidential information from Congress and the Courts
US v Nixon (1974)-President cannot withhold information in criminal investigations
The Cabinet
The White House Office
Chief of Staff Denis McDonough Deputy Chiefs of Staff Anita Decker Breckenridge Kristie Canegallo Senior Advisors Valerie Jarrett Brian Deese
Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisers Council on Environmental Quality National Security Staff Office of Administration Office of Management and Budget Office of National Drug Control Poli
cy Office of Science and Technology Po
licy Office of the United States Trade Re
presentative Office of the Vice President
National Security-1947
The National Security Council (NSC) is the President's principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials.
The NSC is chaired by the President. Its regular attendees Vice President Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of Defense National Security Advisor The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Director of National Intelligence The Chief of Staff to the President
Management Style-Pyramid
The Pyramid Model is based on a strict military-like chain of command that emphasizes a powerful Chief of Staff, who in most cases is highly visible and accessible to the press. Ike and Nixon used this style
Management Style-Hub and Spoke Hub-and-Spoke Model, which can
be visualized as a circular structure. Based on the New Deal White House system of management, this model has the president playing a dominant role in the everyday happenings in the White House. The Chief of Staff has diminished power and importance, used by FDR and JFK
Ad Hoc Style
Combines leadership and management tactics that the CEO of a large corporation might use. President Clinton and President George W. Bush have used this style, which employs committees, task forces, and special advisors to help develop and implement policy.
Impeachment
Impeachment
1868-Andrew Johnson impeached for violation of Tenure of Office act, impeached but not convicted by one vote
1974-Nixon resigned before certain impeachment by House for actions relating to the Watergate affair
1998-Bill Clinton impeached by House for actions regarding affair with Monica Lewinsky White House intern
Presidential Popularity
What causes job approval to go up and down?