excretion system

8/4/2019 Excretion System

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By :

Aveda Astya (9C/07)

Cindy Raina (9C/07)

SMPN 1 Denpasar 2011


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Concept Map

Expenditures System

Secretion DefecationOsmoregulatio

nExcretion

Kidney Skin LiverLungs

Urine Sweat Carbondioxideand water

Bile liquid


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Introduction

Excretion is a process or releasing metabolismwaste from the body.

The function of Excretion system is to releasedmetabolism waste out the body.

Human excretion organs consist of :1. Kidney

2. Lungs

3. Skin

4. Liver


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Kidney

Human have 2kidneys.

Kidney is located in

distal abdomen cavity. Right kidneys located

is lower than left

kidney becauseabove it there is liver.


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Anatomy of Kidney


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Functions of Kidney

To filter blood To arrange water and salt balance in blood

To throw away nitrogen waste from blood

in form of urea To released metabolism waste in form of

urine


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Structure of Kidney

Structure of kidney divided by 3 main part, suchas :

Cortex consist of nephrons. Nephronscomposed by malphigian body.Malphigian body consist of glomerulusand bowmans capsule.

The inner portion of kidney is medulla.

A funnel-shaped chamber is calledpelvis.


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Urine Formed Process

Urine formed process in kidney through 3 phase : Filtration

Reabsorbed

Augmentation

Tubulus Proksimal

Filtrasi

H2OSalts (NaCl and others)HCO3

H+UreaGlucose; amino acidsSome drugs

Key

Active transport

Passive transport

KORTEKS

MEDULALUAR

MEDULADALAM

Lengkung Henleturun

Lengkung Henlenaik

Tubulus

Pengumpul

NaCl

NaCl

NaCl

Tubulus Distal

NaCl Nutrients

Urea

H2O

NaCl

H2OH2OHCO3

K+

H+ NH3

HCO3

K+ H+

H2O

1 4

2

3 5


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Filtration

This process occurs in glomerulus. Liquidsfiltered fit to the Bowman capsule. Fluidis composed of urea, glucose, water, ionsinorganic such as sodium potassium, calcium

and chlorine.


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This process occurs Proximal ContortusTubule. The process that occurs is the re-absorption substances which can stillbe needed by the body. substanceis reabsorbed isglucose, water, amino acids and inorganicions. While urea is only slightly

reabsorbed. Fluid produced from theprocess reabsorption of urine iscalled secondary.

Reabsorbed


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Augmentation

This process occurs in Distal Contortus Tubule andalso in collecting ducts. In this part occurs collection

of fluid from the previous process. In this sectionalso still occurs absorption of sodium ion,

chlorine and urea. The resulting liquid has the formreal urine. Urine that has been formedand accumulated in thrown out of the body cavityof the kidney through the ureter,bladder and urethra. The process of urine caused byan pressure in the bladder. Pressure on bladder inaddition caused by the influence nerve is alsocontraction of abdominals muscle and organs thatpressure on your bladder.


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Expenditures Sequence of Urine

Expenditures sequence of urine from kidney until outfrom our body :

KIDNEY URETER BLADDER URETHRA Substances that contained

in urine : Water

Urea, ureat acid, andammonia

Bile colour substance Salts especially NaCl

Substances that wereabundant in blood


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Skin

Skin is thin layer that covers our bodys surface.Anatomy of Skin


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Structure of Skin

Skin

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneoustissue

Stratum Corneum

Malphigian Layer

Sweat Glands

Root Hair

Blood Vessels

Oil Glands


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Functions of Skin

As the expenditure tool As the sense feeler

with the help of sunlight to manufacture vitaminD from provitamin D

a place to store excess fat protect the body againstgerms from the outside

the human body's temperature regulator


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Part of Skin

Humans skin is composed by 3 layer, such as : Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous tissue


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Epidermis

Epidermis is composed by 2 layers, such as :Stratum corneum This layer consists of dead cells are easy to

peel does not feel pain because of this there is

no layer of nerves and blood vessels.

Malpighian layer This layer lies below the stratum corneum

contained within blood vessels and nervetissue. pigment (skin pigment) there is a layer ofthese are useful to protect from sunburn


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Dermis

In the dermis there are : Sweat glands (glandula surodifera) serves to remove the

sweat

Oil glands (glandula sebasea) serves to lubricatethe hair is not dry

Blood vessel serves to channel the food to the rootsof the hair

Nerve endings of touch and taste of foodreserves and serves to brace the body temperature

Subcutaneous tissue

This network was received fat funtioned for the foodreserve and body's temperature regulator


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Sweat Expenditured Process

Transpiration process regulated by thehypothalamus (the brain). The hypothalamuscanproduce enzymes that work affects bradykinin sweatgland activity. If thehypothalamus gets stimulation, for example in the

form of temperature changes on blood vessels, thenthe stimulus is transmitted by thesympathetic nerves to sweat glands. Furthermore, the sweat glands will absorb thesalt water and little urea from the bloodcapillaries and then sends it to the surface of theskin in the form of perspiration.


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LUNGS, LIVER AND DISEASES

Ni Komang Cindy Raina IX C/09


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LUNGS


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Lungs is organ used in breathing and respiration.Breathing is the process of moving oxygen into and

out of the lungs. Respiration refers to all of theprocess in breathing.


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As an excretion organ, lungs produce waste, theyare carbon diox.de and water vapor. They areexcreted from the bodys cell and enter the

circulatory system that takes it to the heart and thanto the lung. Finally, it enters the capillaries whichsurround alveoli. Alveoli are small bubbles in lungcavity.


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Alveoli


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Blood in the capillaries contains more carbon dioxidethan in the alveoli cavity. As the result, capillaryscarbon dioxide will diffuse through the capillary walland alveoli wall and then go to the alveoli cavity.

Carbon dioxide will diffuse if the capillary and alveolicell wall are wet. Finally, carbon dioxide and waterare excreted from the body through bronchus,trachea and nose.


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LIVER


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Liver is the organ located at belly hollow in right. Its

the largest organ in human body. The color is brown

red. It gets blood from aorta through artery and venawhich carry food essence from the intestine.


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As excretion organ, it produces bile liquid as theproduct of erythrocyte degradation and urea as the

product of protein degradation.

Bile liquid is green colored because it contains color

substance (bilirubin and biliverdin). It also containsbile salt.


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Liver


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The functions of liver :

Producer of bile liquid

Toxic neutralizer

Blood cells degradation

A place to save glycogen

A place to form urea

A place where protein is synthesized and degraded


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DISEASES

Kidney diseases are as follows:

Diabetes Mellitus : there is glucose in the urinebecause of insulin secretion disturbance.

Diabetes Insipidus : body produces a large volume

of urine, because kidney doesnt produce enoughantidiuretic hormone to reabsorp water.


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Kidney Stone : there is a stone in the kidneybecause of calcium sedimentation.

Nephritic : bacteria infections in kidney that makeurine enter the blood.

Renal failure : there is malfuction of one or bothkidneys and urea stack in the body are poisonous.


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Lungs diseases are caused by infection andnoninfection. Diseases caused by infection :

- Bronchitis

- TBC

- Pharynxes- Tonsillitis

- Pneumonia

-

Diphteria- Asfiction


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Diseases caused by noninfection :

- Asthma

- Lung cancer

- Emphysema

- Rhinitis


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Some skin diseases are :

- Ringworm : fungi infection in the skin

- Eczema : skin inflammation caused by allergy ofsome food

- Skin cancer : because of too much sunlight touch theskin.

- Acne : caused by ancestry factor, food, infection,allergy, and mentally factor.


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