exchange of aggregated information …€¦ · s m a r t g r i d i n t e r o p e r a b i l i t y pa...
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S M A R T G R I D I N T E R O P E R A B I L I T Y P A N E L
EXCHANGE OF AGGREGATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE OF AGGREGATED INFORMATION BETWEEN TRANSMISSION AND BETWEEN TRANSMISSION AND
DISTRIBUTION DOMAINSDISTRIBUTION DOMAINS(THE TRANSMISSION BUS LOAD MODEL CONCEPT) (THE TRANSMISSION BUS LOAD MODEL CONCEPT)
Nokhum Markushevich (With contribution from Joe Hughes)TnD DEWG 1
Grid-Interop 2011
2011
Reasons for Aggregated Exchange Between Reasons for Aggregated Exchange Between Transmission and Distribution OperationsTransmission and Distribution Operations Improved knowledge of the wide area state of the system
- Monitors the State of the Entire Power System in “real-time”
Development of EMS and DMS Advanced Applications Improved ability to prepare for abnormal conditions
from an overall systems perspective Integration of emerging customer dynamics:
Demand Response/Real Time Pricing Improved Load Modeling and Forecasting of dynamic
Customer Loads
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2011
Generation/Transmission
Customer
SM
SM
Active Distribution Network
NO
DGES
DR
PCC
LTCVR EMS
DG
PCC
Appliances
HAN
DT
LV
CXPE
DGDG
DG
DG
Transmission and Distribution Domains Transmission and Distribution Domains
Energy Management System
DistributionManagement System
Grid-Interop 2011
KKEYEY TTRANSMISSIONRANSMISSION EENERGYNERGY MMANAGEMENTANAGEMENT SSYSTEMYSTEM(EMS) (EMS) APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
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EMS monitoring functionsEMS monitoring functions
Topology monitoring (incl. states of controlling devices) State estimation (SE) Dynamic limit monitoring (DLM) Network Sensitivity Analysis (NSA) Reserve monitoring (RM) Steady-state contingency analysis (SCA) Dynamic security analysis (DSA) Cyber Security Contingency Analysis (CSCA) Intelligent alarm processing (IAP)
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NearNear--realreal--time time EMS EMS optimization optimization and control and control functionsfunctions
Optimal Power Flow (OPF), includes Volt/var management
Security Constrained Dispatch (SCD) Economic Dispatch (ED) Automatic Generation Control (AGC) Ancillary Service functions
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Near real time preNear real time pre--arming and rearming and re--coordination coordination functionsfunctions
Relay protection (RP) Load-shedding (LSh) Generator-shedding (GenSh) Fast generator starts based on operational parameters
(GenStart) Intentional islanding in transmission (T-Islanding)) Voltage/var management (VVM) Distributed generation pre-setting (DER) Demand response pre-setting (DR) Electric storage pre-setting (ES) Re-coordination of protection in distribution systems
(RPRC)
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RealReal--time restorative functionstime restorative functions
Auto-synchronization Restoration of shed loads (Load)
After under-frequency load shedding After under-voltage load shedding After special load shedding
Reset of distributed generation (DER) Reset of Demand Response (DR) Reset of electric storage (ES) Reset of VVO objective (VVM)
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DMS Applications DMS Applications
Real-time Distribution Operation Model and Analysis (DOMA)
Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR) Voltage/Var/Watt Optimization (VVWO) Distribution Contingency Analysis (DCA) Multi-level Feeder Reconfiguration (MFR) Relay Protection Re-coordination (RPRC) Pre-arming of Remedial Action Schemes (PRAS) Coordination of Emergency Actions (CEmA) Coordination of Restorative Actions (CRA) Intelligent Alarm Processing (IAP)
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Interrelationships between DMS and EMS functions Interrelationships between DMS and EMS functions (non(non--exhaustive)exhaustive)
DOMA
FLIR
VVWO
DCA
MFR
PrRAS
CrdEA
CrdRA
TBLMSE
DLMNSA
SCADSA
CSCALSh
OPF ED VVMDR
DER/ESLOAD
DER/ESDR
VVM
Gensh
Genstart
Islanding
Pre-arm
ing
Optimization/controlSCD
LF
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How to Exchange Information between T&D to Coordinate How to Exchange Information between T&D to Coordinate with Multiple Monitoring and Control Nodes?with Multiple Monitoring and Control Nodes?
It is unrealistic to expect that the monitoring and control of transmission operations will reach out to every device and every function in the distribution and customer domains.
The T/D buses of the near-real time model of transmission operations are the demarcation points between transmission and distribution domains.
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TransmissionTransmission Bus Load Model (TBLM)Bus Load Model (TBLM)
TBLM/VPP
It is suggested aggregating the capabilities and the dynamicsof distribution operations into TBLM
Generation/Transmission
Customer
SM
SM
Active Distribution Network
NO
DGES
DR
PCCLTC VR EMS
DG
PCC
Appliances
HAN
DT
LV
CXPE
DGDG
DG
DG
Generation/Transmission
LTC
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Load Model as Load Model as a Component of a Component of TBLMTBLM
With DER and ES
This information should be generated by DMS and should be made available to EMS
Total LoadWith VVWC
Demand ResponseUnder-frequency Load Shedding
Under-voltage Load Shedding
Load Curtailment
Ext
erna
l S
igna
ls
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Other Components of TBLMOther Components of TBLM
VPP technical and economic functions and attributes Aggregated capability curves Aggregated real and reactive load-to-voltage dependencies Aggregated real and reactive load-to-frequency dependencies Aggregated real and reactive load dependencies on
Demand response control signals, Dynamic prices, Weather, etc.
Aggregated dispatchable load Model forecast Overlaps of different load management functions, which use the same load under
different conditions. Ownership of DER, ways of controlling (jurisdiction, related to regulatory issues) Degree of uncertainty…..
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Information Exchange between T&D DomainsInformation Exchange between T&D Domains15
Distribution domain
T&G domains
T&G devices
Subst. LTC,
Shunts, SVC
DMSDOMAVVWOFLIR
Emerg. apps
AMI processor
DER/ES processor
DR processor
PEV processor
Load model
ProcessorSecondary
ProcessorT
BLM
Processor
TBLM
Topology model
PMU
SCADA
EMSSECA
OPF/SCDED
Pre-armIslandingRestora-
tion
………
RAS
DSCADA
DataControl
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Use of TBLM by EMS ApplicationsUse of TBLM by EMS Applications
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For normal operating conditionsFor normal operating conditions
Wide Area Situational Awareness (WASA) Model Updates (includes TBLM) State Estimation (provides voltage angles for MFR and FLIR) Network Sensitivity Analysis (includes TBLM)
Optimal Power Flow - uses controllable parameters and constraints through TBLM
Economic Dispatch - takes into account aggregated VPP, DER/ES through TBLM
Reserve Monitoring - takes into account DER/ES, DR, IVVWO through TBLM
Other….
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For Emergency Operating ConditionsFor Emergency Operating Conditions
Steady-state contingency analysis - Uses aggregated TBLM variables, e.g., load-to-voltage and load-to-frequency dependencies, DER and DR behavior
Dynamic security analysis - Uses aggregated TBLM variables, e.g., dynamic load-to-voltage and load-to-frequency dependencies, DER and DR behavior
Near Real-time Pre-arming - Includes Aggregated Remedial Action Schemes and DER protection schemes in distribution
Service restoration - Provides availability from transmission standpoint for restoring loads, DER/ES, DR, and normal IVVWO operations
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Contingency Analysis (example) Two-area load-rich transmission-generation island with DER in distribution (after the fault)
DisconnectedConnected
G11 G12 G21 G22
Pem-jQem
Load 1 Load 2
UFLS-I and IIfor Area 1
DER1 DER2
UFLS-I and IIfor Area 2
Area 1 Area 2
MG1 MG2
UFLSmg1 UFLSmg2
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DMS Applications and TBLMDMS Applications and TBLM
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DER, PEV, ES, DR, Micro-grids, VPP
Power flow model
GIS CISCustomer
EMSAMI Engineering
Operator
SCADA
EMS
Connectivity, facility, and secondary models
Transm. modelLoad models
DER and Micro-grid models
AdequacyReliability
(DCA)
Dynamiclimits
Power quality
Dispatchableloads
Remedial Action
Schemes
EfficiencyADAApps
Othersystems
Distribution Operation Modeling and Distribution Operation Modeling and Analysis (DOMA)Analysis (DOMA)
TB
LM
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IINTEGRATEDNTEGRATED VVOLTAGEOLTAGE, V, VARAR, , ANDAND WWATTATT CCONTROLONTROL ((IVVWC) IVVWC)
Volt Control(LTC, VR, PE)
(Capacitors, DER)Var Control
(Capacitors, DER)
Watt Control(DER/ES/DR)
Secondaryvoltage
kW, kvardemand
Customerbill
Circuitloading
T&D powerflow
T&D losses
GenerationTransmissionCongestion
Operatingreserve
Generationcapacity
Voltage and PowerFactor in
transmission
PowerQuality
LMP
EMS Applications
TBLM
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InterInter-- and Intraand Intra--domain Objectives of IVVWCdomain Objectives of IVVWC
Ensure standard voltages at customer service terminals Reduce load by a given value Conserve energy Minimize feeder segment(s) overload Reduce or eliminate overload in transmission lines Reduce or eliminate voltage violations in transmission Provide reactive power support for transmission Provide spinning reserve support Reduce cost of energy Reduce energy losses in D&T
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CrossCross--cutting Aspects of Contingency Analysiscutting Aspects of Contingency Analysis
The transmission contingency analyses should define whether the distortion can cause significant disconnection of DERs and reactions of other controlling devices
Disconnection of these DERs may cause overloads and under-voltages in distribution and can worsen the situation in the transmission system.
The severity of the contingency also depends on the DER protection settings and on load-generation balance of micro-grids
Models of the emergency behavior of DER, DR, ES and other controlled devices aggregated at the transmission buses should be made available to WAMPAC applications
The probable distortions of transmission operations should be made available to the DMS for the DCA to assess the possible consequences.
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CrossCross--cutting Aspects of Feeder Reconfigurationcutting Aspects of Feeder Reconfiguration
Use EMS input on phase angle differences before paralleling in distribution
Use information on congestions in transmission for swapping load between buses with different LMPs
Use information from customer domain on operations of DER/ES and DR and information from AMI
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CrossCross--cutting aspects of Protection Recoordination cutting aspects of Protection Recoordination and Coordination of Emergency Actionsand Coordination of Emergency Actions
The applications will receive pre-arming signals from WAMCS and will change the setups of distribution-side remedial action schemes
WAMCS applications will take into account the protection settings of the DER and the generation-load
balances of micro-grids the available extent and timing of the distribution-side remedial
schemes, which should be armed CEmA will recognize the emergency situations and will coordinate
the objectives, modes of operation, and constraints of other Advanced DMS applications.
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CrossCross--cutting Aspects of Coordination of Restorative cutting Aspects of Coordination of Restorative ActionsActions
27
CRA will coordinate the restoration of services and normal operations based on the availabilities in distribution, transmission, and generation domains after the emergency conditions are fully or partially eliminated.
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HighHigh--level Activity Diagram for the TBLM Use level Activity Diagram for the TBLM Use CaseCase
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HighHigh--level Activity Diagram for the TBLM Use level Activity Diagram for the TBLM Use CaseCase
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Standards Involved in the Support Of TBLMStandards Involved in the Support Of TBLM
IEC 61850-x IEC 61970 IEC 61968 ICCP/TASE 2 Multispeak COMFEDE: IEEE P37.239 DNP3 ……..
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ConclusionsConclusions
To make the dynamic optimization of power system operations manageable in a holistic manner, the following is suggested: decompositions of the operational models of each domain aggregated information exchange between the domains
The concept of the aggregated Distribution Operation Models at the transmission buses (TBLM) is suggested so meet these requirements
The TBLM provides a framework for integrating the EMS and DMS applications into an overall smart grid operations infrastructure
The sophistication of the TBLM and the Smart Grid applications should match the complexity of the processes in power systems to achieve maximum benefits.
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TBLM and T&D DEWG RolesTBLM and T&D DEWG Roles
Provides a “big picture” strategic view and an overall Architecture Framework for advanced “Smart Grid” power engineering applications
The TBLM Framework is needed for: Strategic Coordination Across Key Domains and
Applications Augmenting present Standards Development Work Identifying Gaps/Harmonization needed within present
systems and standards development: e.g. Semantic Integration
Identification of both application and standards development priorities
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TnD DEWG UpTnD DEWG Up--toto--datedateAccomplishments and PlansAccomplishments and Plans
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AccomplishmentsAccomplishments
Introduction of the TBLM concept Objective Narrative Rationale (cross-cutting aspects of TnD operations)
Development of high-level TBLM Use Case Description of major actors Activity Diagram Description of Pre-conditions Description of Interfaces
Plan for further TnD work
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Tentative Plan Tentative Plan for TnD DEWGfor TnD DEWG related to the related to the TBLMTBLM
Completion of the high-level use case for the TBLM - December 2011
Development of the second-level use cases for the TBLM (detailing the high-level use case)-February 2012
Development of messages of the use cases- March 2012 Association of the messages with existing standards- April 2012 Defining the gaps in the standards, if any - April 2012 Defining overlaps of different standards related to the TBLM
and the need for harmonization – Beyond May 2012 Development of use cases for EMS applications with
integration of the TBLM - Beyond May 2012.
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Draft list of Draft list of Scenario Categories for Scenario Categories for TBLM Use TBLM Use CasesCases
Develop aggregated DER capability curves for TBLM Develop aggregated model of dispatchable load for TBLM Develop aggregated real and reactive load-to-voltage
dependencies Develop aggregated real and reactive load-to-frequency
dependencies Develop aggregated real and reactive load dependencies on
Demand response control signals Develop aggregated real and reactive load dependencies on
dynamic prices, Develop aggregated real and reactive load dependencies on
weather, etc.
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Draft list of Scenarios Draft list of Scenarios Categories for Categories for TBLM Use TBLM Use Cases Cases (Cont.)(Cont.)
Develop aggregated real and reactive short-term load model forecast
Develop models of overlaps of different load management functions, which use the same load under different conditions.
Assess the degree of uncertainty of TBLM component models Develop Virtual Power Plant technical models Develop Virtual Power Plant economic models Develop aggregated model of DER based on ownership of DER,
ways of controlling (jurisdiction, related to regulatory issues)
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Recommended first priority Use Cases for TnD DEWG, PAP 14 Recommended first priority Use Cases for TnD DEWG, PAP 14 ((with TBLM with TBLM involvement for coordination between domains)involvement for coordination between domains)
Steady-state Contingency Analysis Voltage Stability Analysis Frequency Stability Analysis Cyber Security Contingency Analysis Optimal Power Flow/Security Constrained Dispatch Reserve Monitoring Other WAMPAC (Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, And
Control) applications
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Thank You!Thank You!Contacts:NIST Lead: Jerry Fitzpatrick, [email protected]
Co-Lead: Robert Saint, [email protected]
EnerNex Technical Champions:
Joe Hughes, [email protected]
Nokhum Markushevich, [email protected]
Grid-Interop 2011