exceptional workplaces* understanding biosafety · pdf filemicro-organisms include: •...
TRANSCRIPT
Understanding BiosafetyHazard control, hygiene and infection protection in the lab
It all adds up... to Exceptional Laboratories
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
Ensure your personal safetyUnderstand how to stay safe while handling pathogens.
Know the risks, ensure the correct controls are in place and select the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to keep you safe, healthy and protected in your laboratory.
2 3
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
What are biohazards?Biosafety terminology varies throughout the globe.
A pathogen is a bacterium, virus, or other micro-organism that can cause disease.
A biological material is any item or substance which has been sampled or derived from a biological source, including whole animals or other organisms and parts or tissues derived from these or samples taken from a habitat or ecosystem.
A biological agent is a micro-organism, cell culture, or human endoparasite, whether or not genetically modified, which may cause infection, allergy, toxicity or otherwise create a hazard to human health.
Genetic Modification, also referred to as GM, genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology, is the creation of new combinations of genetic materials within a viable micro-organism (GMM), animal or plant (GMO, transgenic organism).
4
Micro-organisms include:
• Bacteria• Viruses• Fungi• Microscopicendoparasites
Other biohazards include:
• Workwithhumanorprimatetissues• Biologictoxins• Cellsorcellculture• RecombinantDNA• Transgenicplantsoranimals• Humangenetherapytransfer• Zoonoticdiseases
Bacteria Endoparasite
Virus
Fungus
5
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
Biological risk classificationPathogens are classified into one of four Biosafety Levels (orHazardGroups)basedontheirabilitytoinfecthealthyindividuals and spread to the community.1
1.WorldHealthOrganization.Laboratorybiosafetymanual.3rded.Geneva;2004.
BSL-4 High Risk Pathogen
Low Risk Pathogen
BSL-3
BSL-2
BSL-1
6 7
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
Pathogen classificationClassificationsofbiologicalagentsareusedinriskassessmentsfor work with biological agents and the application of appropriate control measures. Each country classifies the agents in that country by risk group based on pathogenicity of the organism, modesoftransmissionandhostrangeoftheorganism.Thesemay be influenced by existing levels of immunity, density and movement of host population presence of appropriate vectors and standards of environmental hygiene.
European Union (EU)• EuropeanDirective2000/54/EC,AnnexIIICommunity Classificationsofbiologicalagents: www.biosafety.be/PDF/2000_54.pdf
UK• ApprovedListofbiologicalagentsHSE/HSC2004 (basedonAnnexIII):www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/misc208.pdf
USA • BiosafetyinMicrobiologicalandBiomedicalLaboratories, 4thEdition,1999,CDC/NIHguidelines www.cmrr.umn.edu/safety/Biosafety.pdf
• NIHRecombinantDNAGuidelines(USA,2002)April2002. AppendixB: http://oba.od.nih.gov/rdna/nih_guidelines_oba.html
8 9
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
Exposure potentialTherearethreewaysinwhichyoumightbeexposed topathogensatwork:
1. Biological laboratory work
2.Incidentalexposureto contaminants e.g. farming, refuse, sewage
3.Incidentalinfection from other colleagues
Only the first two are covered by health and safety legislation.
ChainofinfectionThechainofinfectionrepresentstheprocessbywhichinfectiontakesoverthebodyandcausesharm.So,bybreakingthechain,we regain control.
SourceThefourmainsourcesofworkplaceinfectionare:
1. Blood and other body fluids (eg saliva) - human bodies, animal carcases and raw meat
2.Humanoranimalwasteproducts-faeces,urineandvomit3.Respiratorydischarges-coughsandsneezes4.Skin–directcontact
Susceptible
hos
t
S
ource of infectious agent Mo
de o
f transm
ission
10 11
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
TransmissionTobecomeinfected,themicro-organismmust travel from the sourceintothehostbysomemeans.Routesofentryinclude:
1. Putting contaminated objects or fingers in the mouth
2. Breathing in aerosols or droplets
3.Splashesofbloodorfluidsinto eyes, nose or mouth
4. Direct contact with broken skin
5.Skin-penetratinginjuries
Host susceptibilityOur final line of defence against infection is our immune system.
Individualimmunitylevelsareinfluencedby:
• pre-existingillnesses• previousinfection• naturalimmunity• immunisation
Ifourimmunesystemiscompromisedinanyway,wearemorelikely to succumb to infection and carrying out less hazardous tasks may be advisable. Boosting immunity can also provide an effective control measure.
12 13
4.
5.
3.2.1.
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
Biohazard control measuresForbasiccontrolspleaserefertothe‘Understandinglaboratory risk management’ miniguide. Engineering controls
• Designeasy-to-cleanfacilities• Selecteasy-to-cleanequipment• Airflowcontrol-biosafetycabinets•Manageandtreatwatersystems• Contaminationcontrol: o appropriate PPE o surface disinfection o autoclave
• Safetyequipment: o eyewash o safety shower o fireblankets/extinguishers
Equipment to reduce biological hazards• Negative-pressureflexible-filmisolators• Pipettingaids• Homogenizers,shakers,blendersandsonicators• Disposabletransferloops•Microincinerators
14 15
Reportable infection incidents are those that: • resultinsignificantmorbidityormortality• involvehighlyvirulentorganisms • arereadilytransmissible • requirecontrolmeasuresthat have an impact on other employees
Footnote2.WorldHealthOrganization.Laboratory biosafety manual. 3rded.Geneva;2004
Special biosafety considerations• Biosafetyprogram
• Goodmicrobiologicaltechnique2
• Exposurecontrolplanningfor:
o Bloodborne pathogens
o AerosolTransmissibleDiseases(ATD)
• Respiratoryprotection
• Immunisation
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
Working with biohazards
Footnote3.http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Labbiosafety.pdfWorldHealthOrganizationLABORATORYBIOSAFETYMANUAL.2003
FacilitiesLaboratories are designated according to their design features, construction and containment facilities as Biosafety levels 1-4. Thetablebelowindicatesthedifferencesbetweeneach.3
Risk BiosafetyLevel Definitions Laboratory Type Laboratory Practices
1Basic BiosafetyLevel 1
No or very low individual and community risk A micro-organism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease
Basic teaching research GMT/GLP
2Basic BiosafetyLevel 2
Moderate individual risk, low community risk A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers. Laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventative measures are available and the risk of spread of infection
Primary health services diagnostic research GMT plus protective clothing as part of GLP
3Containment BiosafetyLevel 3
High individual risk, low community risk A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventative measures are available
Special diagnosticresearch
As Level 2 plus special clothing controlled access, directional air flow, biological safety cabinets
4MaximumContainment BiosafetyLevel 4
High individual and community risk A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventative measures are not usually available
Dangerous pathogen units Basic teaching research
16 17
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
Needmoreinformationonaspecificproduct?Simplyemailus: [email protected] or visit www.kimtech.eu
18 19
Toseeourfullproductleafletvisitwww.kimtech.eu/products/literature
Biosafety Level 1 bundle proposal
KIMTECH SCIENCE* Masks(48100, 47090, 47080)• High levels of comfort for good breathability• Excellent bacterial and particle filtration to avoid contamination
JACKSON SAFETY* v10 Unispec (25646)• Low-cost wrap-around protection• Fits over most prescription eye wear• Side shields provide added protection
JACKSON SAFETY* v20 Purity (25654)• Great looking lightweight, economy protective eye wear• Wrap-around lens for better eye protection• Comfortable, padded temples
KIMTECH SCIENCE*A7 P+ Lab Coat (97700 - 97740)• Elastic wrists and thumb loop for full wrist coverage• Extra length arms help keep gloves in place
Mask FLUIDSHIELD*(47147, 48247)• Breathable film offering barrier protection against fluids• Visor to resist fluid penetration upon impact
KIMTECH SCIENCE* STERLING*NITRILE Gloves (99210 - 99214)• Great tensile strength while maintaining excellent tactile sensitivity• All-round protection of the Scientist, Science and the environment
KIMTECH PURE* A8 UNITRAX*Shoe Covers (39370 - 39372)Anti-slip shoe covers with seamless bottomIdeal for Laboratories and ISO-7 Cleanrooms
KIMTECH SCIENCE* GREENNITRILE Gloves (99850 - 99854)• Great value with the feel of latex• Comfortable, durable and sustainable
KIMTECH SCIENCE*COMFORT NITRILE GlovesPlease scan the QR Code for more details
Tohelplaboratorymanagersfocusoncreatinghealthier,saferand more efficient laboratories and make the purchase of PPE morestraight-forward,KIMBERLY-CLARKPROFESSIONAL*masks,goggles, apparel, gloves and footwear are now available for sale in bundles appropriate to standard laboratory biosafety levels (BSL)1-3andpandemicresponse.
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
Handling•WearappropriatePersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)
• SelectaglovewiththeappropriatelevelofCEcertificationto address your application risk and performance requirements –See Understanding glove certification guide
• SterilisetoolsintheblueflameofaBunsenburner
•Wipedownyourworkingsurfacebeforeandafterwith70% ethanol
• Ensureappropriatetransportationorwastemanagement equipment is to hand
20 21
Chemical permeation
charts
Expertise
Product inserts
High quality PPE
5. Documentation
Application guides
Glove Certification
Guide
4. PPE storage and disposal
Recycling program
1-Click Compliance
QR codes
Hand hygiene program
SAFEHANDSVisual tools
7. Individual PPE fitting
8. Training
9. Employee engagement
Training
6. Occupational health program
1. Risk assessment
3. PPE selection
Sign up to our newsletter at www.kimtech.eu for regular reminders
10. Regular evaluation and review
2. Hazard control
• Protect your people with our high quality PPE• Create an effective 10 step PPE program• Engage your people with our engagement tools and services
An effective PPE program engages employees with great tools and great training.
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
A biological safety cabinet creates a force field of air that washes any airborne contaminants towards a filter. A glass window shields against splashes.
When using a biosafety cabinet:
• TurnontheUVlightpriortoworktosterilisetheinteriorofthe cabinet–timesvaryaccordingtothelab• TurnofftheUVlightandturnonthefluorescentlight• Turnontheblowertocleantheenvironmentasyoumove items in and out of the hood• Adjustthewindshield•Wipedowntheworkingsurfacewith10–30%bleach•Wipedownyourworkingsurfacewith70%ethanol• ‘Sprayin,sprayout’everyworkingitemgoingintooroutofthe hoodwith70%ethanol•Whenfinishedworking,reversethesestepstocleanup•Whatequipmentwillbeneeded?• Howcanequipmentbedecontaminated?
When using biohazardous substances in the lab, or transporting them between labs:
• Carryonlywhatyoucanholdcomfortably• Closetubesandbottletopssecurely• Carryitemsuprightandlevel• Usegloves• Useasecondarycontainer• Useacartforlongerdistances•Movenewsubstancesin their original packaging
22 23
Material Optimal Acceptable Do not useGenomic DNA -200C or less -200C - 40C for a few months > 40C
Plasmid DNA -200C or less -200C - 40C for a few months > 40C
Cultured Eukaryotic Cells, growing Growth temp to 40CWill stop growing at lower temperatures
Significantly above growth temp or freezing will kill them
Cultered Eukaryotic Cells, fixed 40C for years Room temp for several months Can be damaged by excessive heat
Eukaryotic Cells in storage media Liquid nitrogen NA NA
Whole tissue/Body Parts Up to -200C -200C - 40C > 40C
Bacterial cultures, growing Growth temp to 40CWill stop growing at lower temperatures
Significantly above growth temp or freezing will kill them
Bacterial cultures, pelleted -200C or less 40C for 1 hr or so > 40C
RNA -800C or less -800C to 40C > 40C for >18hrs
Whole blood -800C or less 40C for 1 hr or so > 40C
Saliva -800C or less 40C for 1 hr or so > 40C
Sampled cells (e.g. cheek swab) -800C or less 40C for 1 hr or so > 40C
Enzymes -200C or less Some ok at 40C > -200C
PCR Products -200C or less -200C to 40C > 40C for > a few min
Dinucleotide triphosphates (dNTP’s) -200C, can be thawed for regular use -200C to 300CMultiple freeze - thaw cycles. or prolonged exposure to heat can be damaging
Chemically Competent E.coli -800C, can be refrozen but not recommended Ice, 30 minutes > 00C for > 30-60 minutes
Storage
Toensureadequatecontainmentwhilepreservingtheiractivityorintegrity, biological materials must be stored properly.
Maintenance
Closeattentionmustbegiventotheroutinemaintenanceofthefacility, air handling systems and equipment that contributes to the containment of biohazardous materials.
Source:http://bitesizebio.com/9047/a-beginners-guide-to-storing-biological-materials/24 25
ExceptionalWorkplaces*
26 27
Checklistforgoodbiohazardcontrol*Exceptional Laboratories will:•Designandrunprocessestokeepthespreadofcontaminants as low as possible•Considerallroutesofexposure•Selectcontrolmeasuresaccordingtotheamountofsubstance, how it gets into the body and how much harm it will cause•Ensureallmeasuresareeffective,easytouse,andworkproperly• IssueappropriatePersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)•Checkregularlythatmeasurescontinuetowork,andkeep records• Informworkersaboutthedangersandhowtousecontrol measures properly•Avoidincreasingtheoverallhealthandsafetyriskswhen making changes•Engageemployeesinsafety,healthandprotectionprograms•Employexpertpartnersinsafety,healthandprotectioncontrols
KIMBERLY-CLARKPROFESSIONAL*isanexpertsupplier of high quality PPE equipment with value added green, lean and protection services
High quality PPE
Knowledge
Health & safety
Training
Glove &garment recycling
Engagement
Compliance solutions
Lean solutions
It all adds up... to Exceptional Laboratories Contact:[email protected]