Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A

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Physical Science Midterm Review

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The picture shows a model of the solar system.

Which is a limitation of the model?

A. It cannot show the relative sizes of each planet.B. It cannot show how the planets orbit the sun.

C. It does not show the gravitational force exerted by each planet.D. It does not show the order of the planets, from closest to the sun to

farthest from the sun.

2. Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist, produced an early model of the atom. Bohr’s model was eventually replaced by the cloud model of the atom. What is the main reason scientists use a model of an atom?

A. Most atoms are too large to study in a lab.B. An atom is very small, and a model aids in its study.C. All atoms are too dangerous to study without a model.D. Most atoms are too far away for scientists to study in a lab.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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3. Some species are at risk of extinction. The chart shows the percentages of different groups of animals in a certain area that are at risk.

Endangered

Threatened

Birds 9.5 4.0

Reptiles and amphibians

12.0 3.5

Fish 14.1 7.6

Mollusks 24.0 4.0

Which conclusion is supported by the data in the chart?

A. Fewer than ten bird species are endangered.

B. There are more birds at risk than reptiles and amphibians at risk.C. Many more fish species are endangered than are threatened.D. There are more mollusks at risk today than at any time in history.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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4. In the periodic table, elements with similar chemical properties are arranged in the same column.

Which of these elements has properties most similar to those of magnesium (Mg)?

A. BeB. Na

C. ScD. Ti

5. Clarence compiled data about the number of hurricanes that have made landfall in Florida between 1941 and 2000. His data is shown below.

Period Number of hurricanes

making landfall

1941–1950

11

1951–1960

2

1961–1970

7

1971–1980

3

1981–1990

3

1991–2000

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Clarence wants to show these data in a bar graph. Each bar will show the number of hurricanes for a 10 y period. The x-axis will be titled “Years.” What should the range of numbers be for the y-axis, “Number of Hurricanes Making Landfall”?

A. 0–5B. 0–7C. 0–10D. 0–15

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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6. Many substances can be dissolved in water. The maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent is called solubility. The solubility of a substance often changes with the temperature of the water. The graph shows the solubility of NaNO3 (sodium nitrate) and

HCl (hydrochloric acid).

What is the solubility of HCl at 45 °C?

A. about 60 g of HCl per 100 g of water

B. about 72 g of HCl per 100 g of water

C. about 90 g of HCl per 100 g of water

D. about 110 g of HCl per 100 g of water

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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7. Scientists use different types of tools to investigate how and why things happen. Here are some examples of tools that can be used to gather data:

• a graduated cylinder• a measuring cup• a graduated beaker

Which unit might be used for data obtained using ALL of these tools? A. meter

B. kilogramC. milliliterD. grams per liter

8. People work in many fields, such as the person shown in the following illustration.

How is the person shown in this illustration acting like a scientist?

A. The person is working hard.

B. The person is trying to solve a problem.C. The person is thinking about what to do next.D. The person is using a tool to help him make observations.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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9. Louis Pasteur was a French scientist who made many contributions to society in the 1800s. Pasteur was a chemist and microbiologist. In what two areas of science did Pasteur work?A. earth science and biology

B. physical science and geologyC. life science and physical scienceD. chemistry and earth science

10. At one time, scientists proposed a principle called the central dogma. This principle stated that in the body, a chemical substance called DNA contains information. This information passes from DNA to RNA, but not from RNA to DNA. Then in 1970, scientists proved that some types of RNA can transfer information to DNA. What can you conclude from this information?A. Scientists have made many

life-saving discoveries.B. Scientists work together to advance

scientific knowledge.C. Scientists often respond to what they

see as needs in society.D. Scientists may find new information

that causes them to modify their ideas.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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11. Gemma wants to investigate the rain forest ecosystem of the Amazon jungle in South America. To conduct the experiment, Gemma uses plants, reptiles, and insects native to New Jersey, where she lives, to build a terrarium such as the one shown in the following figure.

Which limitation is true of Gemma’s experiment?

A. It does not model the interaction of certain insects and plants.

B. It does not model the interaction of certain reptiles and plants.C. It does not model the interaction of certain reptiles and insects.D. It does not model the exact conditions of nature in the Amazon.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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12. A good experiment has several characteristics. Which characteristic is part of a good scientific experiment?

A. Results can be reproduced.

B. Results are not reviewed by peers.C. Results are based on a small sample

size.D. Results are based on an undisclosed

process or procedure.

13. In chemistry, scientists classify some substances as bases. The following are all characteristics of bases. Which observation can you make about a base using the senses alone?

A. feels slippery to the touchB. has a pH greater than that of pure

waterC. has a density greater than that of

pure waterD. conducts an electrical current when

dissolved in water

14. Scientific investigations require appropriate equipment. Which of the tools below should not be used to give precise and accurate measurements?

A.

B.

C.

D.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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15. Kenji must conduct a scientific investigation for a science project. Which step should Kenji complete first?

A. List the steps to be used for the

procedure of the investigation.

B. Use appropriate tools to collect data,

and then organize the data using

tables and graphs.

C. Develop a testable question based on

research or prior knowledge.

D. Analyze data, recognize any patterns,

and make inferences based on those

patterns.

16. Anton is a geologist. He wants to get the best possible information about lava flows from eruptions that are happening at some specific locations around the world. He wants to be able to vary what he studies based on his initial findings. Which type of investigation should Anton conduct?

A. a surveyB. fieldworkC. library researchD. a laboratory investigation

17. Which description defines a hypothesis?

A. an account of an observed eventB. a statement that predicts a future

eventC. a testable idea that explains an

observed eventD. a statement that has been extensively

tested and proven to be true

18. Which description defines the variable in a scientific experiment?

A. a set of possible outcomes for an experiment

B. any factor that can change in a

controlled experiment

C. a question being explored by an

investigation

D. a range of values for a particular quantity in an experiment

19. Which sequence of events is a logical

order of a scientific investigation?

A. experiment --> hypothesis --> analysis of data --> conclusion

B. hypothesis --> experiment --> conclusion --> analysis of data

C. analysis of data --> conclusion --> experiment --> hypothesis

D. hypothesis --> experiment --> analysis of data --> conclusion

20. Which statement belongs in a scientific theory about how hurricanes form?

A. Hurricanes get bigger over warm water.

B. The eye is the calmest part of the storm.C. Hurricanes have wind speeds greater than 119 km/h. D. Rotating thunderstorms gain energy over warm tropical waters.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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21. Medical students use a three-dimensional reproduction of a human skeleton to learn about bones. Which item describes this learning tool?

A. an x-ray model

B. a physical modelC. a computer modelD. a mathematical model

22. Although a scientific theory is well supported and widely accepted, what might cause it to change?

A. new evidence B. a scientific law

C. individual claims D. a scientific model

23. Scientists need to know how gravity acts on a space shuttle so they can put the space shuttle into orbit. They use an equation that describes how gravity relates to the mass of two objects and the distance between the two objects. Which term describes this equation?A. a model B. an observationC. a scientific lawD. a scientific theory

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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24. Lida fills two balloons with the same amount of air. Balloon 1 remains at room temperature. Lida places balloon 2 in a freezer. The following diagram shows that the volume of the balloon in the freezer shrinks.

Which statement is a law that describes the results of Lida’s balloon experiment?

A. Decreasing the amount of a gas decreases its temperature.

B. The volume of a gas increases when the temperature decreases.C. The volume of a gas decreases when the temperature decreases. D. Decreasing temperature decreases the volume of a gas because the

molecules slow down.

25. Which source should a scientific researcher reject because of unreliability?

A. textbookB. government brochureC. webpage of a university professorD. advertisement promoting a product

26. Which of the following statements about scientific knowledge is true?

A. Once discovered, scientific

knowledge never changes.

B. All web sites with scientific

information are equally reliable.

C. Scientific knowledge expires after one

hundred years.

D. Scientific knowledge is adaptable

when new evidence is discovered.

27. Which statement best describes science?A. a collection of knowledge about Earth

B. a list of facts that all scientists agree are true

C. a study of natural events and

conditions

D. a complete explanation of everything that happens in the universe

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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28. A group of students in Jacksonville, Florida, measured the length of the shadow cast by a sign in winter. They measured the shadow at 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. They made an illustration to display their observations.

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the differences in the observations of the shadow at these two times?

A. The distance between Earth and the sun varies during the day.B. The angle between the sun and the signpost changes during the day.C. As the sun gets brighter, the amount of shadow made by the signpost

increases.D. The shadows are actually the same length, but they appear to be different

because it is difficult to measure on a rough surface, such as a lawn.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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29. Ancient people noticed that when meat was a few days old, maggots appeared on it. They thought that the maggots came from the meat. In the 1600s, an Italian physician named Francesco Redi thought that the maggots came from flies that laid eggs on uncovered meat. He tested his idea by keeping flies away from meat, which then did not have maggots. Which of the following best showed that Redi was thinking like a scientist?

A. Redi did not change his mind.B. Redi made a proposal that he was

able to test.C. Redi said that the old theories were

not correct.D. Redi did not do experiments, but

used only logic.

30. What is empirical evidence?

A. opinions of scientists and researchers

B. observations and data gathered

during scientific investigations

C. predictions based on previous

scientific investigations

D. scientific theories, laws, and other

explanations

31. Kareem organized different terms in a chart. He placed terms that are examples of matter in one column and terms that are not examples of matter in another column.

Matter Not Matter

salt electricity

copper heat

water motion

wood ?

Which term should Kareem place in the Not Matter column to complete this chart?

A. airB. iceC. lightD. paper

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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32. A metal coin has certain properties that can be measured. Which property of a coin is different on the moon than it is on Earth?

A. density

B. massC. volumeD. weight

33. Imagine that the block shown below is made of pure gold.

If Ana cuts this block into two equal pieces, which of these statements best describes the pieces?

A. The mass of each piece is the same as that of the original block.

B. The weight of each piece is the same as that of the original block.

C. The density of each piece is the same as that of the original block.

D. The volume of each piece is the same as that of the original block.

34. Leah used a triple-beam balance to measure the mass of a beaker of water.

Which value for mass should she record in her science notebook?

A. 4 gramsB. 250 gramsC. 254 grams

D. 254.5 grams

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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35. Kieko attached a small, metal block to a spring scale and held the scale by the ring on top. She then recorded the weight of the block.

Which weight did Kieko record in her science notebook?

A. about 2 newtonsB. about 2 grams

C. about 2 ouncesD. about 2 pounds

36. Julio measured the mass of a small rock as 11.0 grams. Then he measured the volume of the rock as shown in the illustration below.

What is the density of Julio’s rock?

A. 1.1 g/cm3

B. 2.2 g/cm3

C. 5 g/cm3

D. 11 g/cm3

37. How is density calculated?

A. mass divided by volume B. mass multiplied by volumeC. amount of water displaced

D. length times width times height

38. Paul placed an ice cube into a beaker on a hot plate. The ice cube changed from a solid to a liquid and then to a gas. During this process, which property of the ice cube remained unchanged?

A. densityB. massC. temperatureD. volume

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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39. Matter has two basic properties: physical properties and chemical properties. Which of these statements best describes physical properties?

A. Physical properties behave identically for all matter under the same conditions.

B. Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of a substance.

C. Physical properties are observed by seeing how a substance reacts with other substances.

D. Physical properties cause atoms and molecules to change structure when substances are mixed.

40. Hydrogen gas (H2) can be found in trace

amounts in Earth’s atmosphere. Which of these statements describes a physical property of hydrogen?

A. Hydrogen is found in acids.B. Hydrogen gas is highly flammable.C. Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form

water.D. Hydrogen gas is less dense than

oxygen gas.

41. The table below shows the density of four liquids.

Liquid Density (g/mL)

A 0.89

B 1.64

C 0.83

D 0.77

Based on this information, what can you infer about these liquids?A. 5 mL of liquid A has the same mass

as 10 mL of liquid A.B. 5 mL of liquid B has the same density

as 10 mL of liquid B.C. 5 mL of liquid C has the same density

as 5 mL of liquid D.D. 5 mL of liquid D has the same volume

as 10 mL of liquid D.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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42. The pictures below show four objects—a paper clip, a pair of scissors, a needle, and a horseshoe. Assume that each object is made of the same metal.

Which of these physical properties is not similar in all four of these objects?

A. massB. magnetismC. specific heatD. electrical conductivity

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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43. Kavish mixes a black liquid and a clear liquid. He knows the two liquids do not mix well. Kavish allows the mixture to settle for 30 minutes.

Which of these statements is true?

A. The clear liquid is less dense than the black liquid.B. The clear liquid is less soluble than the black liquid.C. The clear liquid is less reactive than the black liquid.D. The clear liquid is less conductive than the black liquid.

44. Which of these is a chemical property of a sheet of paperA. The paper can be burned.B. The paper can be crumpled.C. The paper does not attract a magnet.

D. The paper does not conduct electricity.

45. At room temperature, aluminum is a solid and water is a liquid. How do the particles of solid aluminum compare to the particles of liquid water?

A. The attractions between the particles are weaker in the aluminum.

B. The attractions between the particles are stronger in the aluminum.

C. There is no attraction between particles in the aluminum.

D. The particles are moving more freely in the aluminum.

46. Which of the following accurately describes the term atom?

A. the basic unit of all matterB. made up of molecules and

compoundsC. the basic unit of all living thingsD. groups of elements bonded together

47. Which process is an example of a physical change?A. burningB. rusting

C. flatteningD. decomposing

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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48. It is important to understand the differences between chemical and physical changes. Chemical changes result in new substances, but physical changes do not. Which process is an example of a physical change?

A. Water turns to steam when boiled over a Bunsen burner.

B. Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide gas.

C. Water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen gases over time.

D. Limestone breaks down into lime and carbon dioxide when heated.

49. Chemical changes result in new substances, but physical changes do not. Which process is an example of a physical change?

A. charcoal burning in a grillB. scrap iron rusting over timeC. metal melting in very high heatD. lettuce rotting in the refrigerator

50. The diagram below shows a type of change in matter at the particle level. Study it closely.

Based on what you know about changes in matter, which type of change does the diagram show?

A. a change in massB. a physical changeC. a chemical change

D. a change in reaction

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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51. In the laboratory, Austin is given a mixture of iron filings, sand, and salt. To separate the mixture, Austin uses a magnet, boiling water, and a filter. Which statement is true about the process Austin uses to separate this mixture?A. Austin uses only physical changes to

separate the mixture’s components.B. Austin uses only chemical changes to

separate the mixture’s components.C. Austin uses both physical and

chemical changes to separate the mixture’s components.

D. Austin uses neither physical nor chemical changes to separate the mixture’s components.

52. Alison finds the total mass of a sample of baking soda, a balloon, and a glass container with vinegar in it. She adds the baking soda to the vinegar and immediately places the balloon over the mouth of the container. After the reaction is complete, she again finds the total mass of the system. Which statement is true about this investigation? A. Mass is gained during the reaction

because a chemical change is taking place.

B. The mass does not change because chemical changes observe the law of conservation of mass.

C. Mass is lost during the reaction because the gas is less dense than the baking soda or vinegar.

D. Mass is lost during the reaction because the gas can change in volume but baking soda and vinegar cannot.

53. Look at the diagram below before answering the question.

Which type of change does the diagram show?

A. a compound breaking down to form two elementsB. a compound breaking down to form an element and a compoundC. a mixture breaking down to form two elementsD. a mixture breaking down to form an element and a compound

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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54. Which types of changes observe the law of conservation of mass?

A. only changes of state

B. only physical changesC. only chemical changesD. physical changes and chemical

changes

55. When paper is burned, the mass of the remaining ash is less than the mass of the original paper. Which statement best explains this result?

A. The ash has less volume than the paper.

B. Some of the matter is destroyed during the reaction.

C. The mass of the ash cannot be accurately determined.

D. Some of the products of the reaction were given off as a gas.

56. The element calcium (Ca) is located in the second group on the periodic table.

Elements in the same group as calcium have chemical properties similar to those of calcium. What else do these elements have in common?A. atomic numberB. number of neutrons

C. average atomic massD. number of valence electrons

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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57. Compounds are pure substances made from two or more elements chemically combined. What is the name of the illustration that shows all the known elements?A. element table

B. periodic tableC. star chart D. solar system model

58. The four items shown below were served at a dinner at Kim’s house. Each of the items is a mixture.

Which of the mixtures is a solution?A. AB. BC. CD. D

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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59. The diagram below shows a magnet near a pile of particles of iron and sulfur. The magnet attracts the iron, seperating it from the mixture.

Based on the diagram, which statement is true?A. The parts of a mixture keep their own properties. B. The elements in a compound keep their own properties. C. The properties of a mixture are different from the properties of its parts. D. The properties of a compound are different from the properties of its

elements.

60. Some compounds are classified as acids or bases. The pH scale shows how acidic or how basic these compounds are. The lower the pH, the more acidic a compound is. The higher the pH, the more basic it is. Sodium hydroxide, a compound commonly found in drain cleaners, has a pH of 13.

Which of these phrases describes sodium hydroxide?

A. highly basicB. highly acidic C. slightly basicD. slightly acidic

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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61. Which of these common substances is a homogeneous mixture? A. pure water

B. table saltC. whole milkD. maple syrup

62. What do elements, compounds, and mixtures have in common?A. They are all made up of atoms.B. They are all made up of pure

substances. C. They can all be broken down by

physical changes.D. They are all found on the periodic

table.

63. Muddy water is an example of what type of mixture?A. colloid

B. solutionC. suspensionD. homogeneous

64. What is a homogeneous mixture?A. a mixture that is the same throughout B. a mixture that is made up of one type

of atom C. a mixture that is made up of one type

of compoundD. a mixture that cannot be separated

through physical changes

65. Reactants are the substances going into a chemical reaction. Products are the result of the reaction. Both reactants and products are substances.

What TYPE OF SUBSTANCE is reactant B?A. a nucleusB. a mixtureC. an element

D. a compound

66. Which statement is true of the carbon atoms that make up a diamond?A. They can slip past one another slowly. B. They are always vibrating in placeC. They vibrate only when they are heated.D. They are locked in place and do not move at all.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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67. The diagram shows the three states of matter.

Which diagram shows the state of matter in which particles take on the shape, but not volume, of their container?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. Both 1 and 3

68. Which of these particles is the smallest?A. an atomB. a nucleusC. a proton

D. an electron

69. Which particle’s mass is similar to the mass of a proton?A. an atomB. a nucleus C. a neutron

D. an electron

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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70. The diagram below shows a model of an atom.

Which label points to the nucleus?

A. A

B. BC. CD. D

71. An atom of lead has the atomic number 82 and a mass number of 207. How many neutrons does this atom of lead have?

A. 82B. 125C. 207D. 289

72. Calcium is an element. What is the smallest particle of calcium that has the same chemical properties of calcium?

A. an atom of calcium

B. a proton from a calcium atomC. an electron from a calcium atomD. a molecule that contains calcium

73. The periodic table has rows and columns that organize the elements by similarities. What is the name for a row in the periodic table?A. familyB. groupC. periodD. section

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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74. Ted wants to know the average atomic mass of calcium. He knows that the letters Ca stand for calcium. He found the entry for calcium, Ca, in Period 4 of the periodic table. The diagram below shows this entry.

Which of the following numbers should Ted identify as the average atomic mass of calcium, Ca?

A. 4B. 20C. 40.078D. 60.078

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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75. The element sulfur (S) is found in group 16 on the periodic table. Find sulfur on the periodic table below to answer the following question.

Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties. Why do the elements in group 16 share similar chemical properties? A. These elements are all nonmetals.

B. These elements are found in the same period. C. These elements all have the same atomic number.D. These elements’ atoms have the same number of valence electrons.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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76. Find chlorine and bromine in this section of the periodic table.

What is true about these two elements?A. They are both metalloids.B. They are in the same period.C. They have the same average atomic mass.D. They are in the same group.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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77. In the periodic table below, find the element with the average atomic mass of 87.62.

Which of the following is the chemical symbol for this element?

A. RbB. Y

C. ScD. Sr

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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78. Look at the periodic table.

Which of these elements would be the best conductor of electricity?

A. oxygenB. krypton

C. copperD. fluorine

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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79. The periodic table of the elements is divided by a zigzag line, as shown below. The elements on one side of the line have properties distinct from those on the other side of the line.

Which of the following is TRUE for most of the elements that lie along the zigzag line?

A. They are metalloids.B. They are nonmetals.

C. They are transition metals.D. They are metals.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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80. Red light waves and yellow light waves travel through air and strike the surface of glass. Only the yellow light waves travel through the glass as shown in the figure below.

Which of these phrases best describes what the glass does?A. reflects red light

B. absorbs yellow lightC. transmits red lightD. transmits yellow light

81. Kana shines a light onto paper. The light contains both blue and red wavelengths of light, as shown in the figure below.

If the paper were blue, what color (or colors) of light would bounce off the paper?A. only redB. only blue

C. both red and blueD. neither red nor blue

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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82. Feng shines a thin beam of light onto a prism. The light contains wavelengths of red, blue, green, and yellow light. The diagram below shows how the four colors of light exit the prism at different angles.

Which of the wavelengths is color 1?A. red light

B. blue lightC. green lightD. yellow light

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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83. The diagram below shows four light rays interacting with a material.

The material is transparent to which light ray?A. ray 1B. ray 2

C. ray 3D. ray 4

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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84. Electromagnetic radiation is energy that travels in waves. Some examples of electromagnetic radiation are visible light, radio waves, and x-rays. Which statement is true for all forms of electromagnetic radiation?

A. All forms of electromagnetic radiation travel at the same speed in a vacuum.

B. All forms of electromagnetic radiation have the same frequency.

C. All forms of electromagnetic radiation have the same wavelength.

D. All forms of electromagnetic radiation have the same amount of energy in a vacuum.

85. Electromagnetic radiation is energy that travels in waves. Two types of electromagnetic waves are microwaves and gamma rays. Gamma rays have a shorter wavelength than microwaves. Which of these statements is true?A. Gamma rays travel faster than

microwaves in a vacuum.B. Gamma rays have more energy than

microwaves do.C. Gamma rays have a lower frequency

than microwaves do.D. Gamma rays, but not microwaves,

can travel through a vacuum.

86. Two waves, labeled I and II, are shown below.

If wave I represents x-ray waves, what could wave II represent?

A. infrared wavesB. ultraviolet wavesC. visible light waves

D. gamma-ray waves

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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87. Four of the types of electromagnetic waves are microwaves, radio waves, infrared waves, and visible light waves. Which of these waves has the most energy?A. microwaves

B. radio wavesC. infrared wavesD. visible light waves

88. Our eyes detect light that lies only within a small region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This region is called visible light. Which of these statements describes the visible spectrum of light as seen by the human eye?A. The lowest frequency appears red,

and the highest frequency appears violet.

B. The lowest frequency appears green, and the highest frequency appears red.

C. The lowest frequency appears blue, and the highest frequency appears orange.

D. The lowest frequency appears yellow, and the highest frequency appears green.

89. Which of the waves listed below has the highest frequency?

A. radio wavesB. x-ray wavesC. infrared waves

D. ultraviolet waves

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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90. What is the term for the distance from the highest part of one wave to the highest part of the next wave?A. period

B. frequencyC. amplitudeD. wavelength

91. The speed of a mechanical wave through a medium depends on the type of medium. It also depends on the type of mechanical wave. Which statement is true?

A. All waves travel at the same speed through any medium.

B. All waves travel at the same speed if no medium is present.

C. Electromagnetic waves require a medium, but mechanical waves do not.

D. Mechanical waves require a medium, but electromagnetic waves do not.

92. Through which of these media do sound waves travel most slowly?A. iron

B. woodC. waterD. cold air

93. A jellyfish is floating in the ocean. What will happen to the jellyfish when a wave passes through the water?

A. It will be carried away with the wave.B. It will not move, but the water around it will move.C. It will be moved up to the surface of the water.D. It will move up and down, but it will return to about the same place.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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94. The graph below shows the motion of particles as a wave passes through a medium.

The wave is moving along the x-axis. What type of wave is shown in the graph?

A. mediumB. transverseC. longitudinal

D. electromagnetic

95. The diagram below represents the electromagnetic spectrum.

What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength for electromagnetic waves?A. Frequency equals wavelength.

B. As frequency increases, wavelength increases.C. As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.D. The relationship depends on the speed of the wave.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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96. Nicholas made time measurements of waves in a wave tank. The diagram below shows two of his timed stopwatch readings for waves.

What is the frequency of these waves?A. 2 sB. 4 s

C. 0.5 HzD. 2 Hz

97. What is a wave?

A. a disturbance that transfers energyB. a disturbance that transfers matterC. any type of energy that makes particles move

D. any type of matter that vibrates back and forth

98. An earthquake wave travels from its source underground to the ocean floor. What will happen to the wave when it meets the water in the ocean?A. It will stop.B. It will move faster.C. It will move slower.D. It will continue to move at the same speed.

99. How does the sun transfer energy to Earth?

A. by making Earth spinB. by mechanical wavesC. by electromagnetic wavesD. by the Earth revolving around the sun

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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100. What is true of all transverse waves and longitudinal waves?

A. They must travel through a medium.

B. They can travel through empty space. C. They move energy from one place to another. D. They move particles from one place to another.

101. Which type of energy is a form of electromagnetic energy?

A. chemicalB. light

C. nuclearD. sound

102. The figure below shows a bolt of lightning. After each lightning strike, thunder is heard.

What does the thunder demonstrate about lightning?

A. A lightning bolt releases light energy.B. A lightning bolt releases sound energy.C. A lightning bolt is caused by electrical energy.

D. A lightning bolt is caused by chemical energy.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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103. A group of sheep are grazing in a field. As they eat, the sheep break down the molecules in the grass, which releases energy. Which form of energy is stored in the grass?

A. chemical energy

B. elastic energyC. nuclear energyD. thermal energy

104. Ms. Lewis is a chemist mixing two solutions together. A chemical reaction takes place, and the solution becomes warm. Which statement best describes what has happened?

A. Energy has been created in the form of thermal energy.

B. Energy has been transformed from one form to another.

C. More energy has been created than has been destroyed.

D. The chemical energy of the solution has been destroyed.

105. When a space shuttle takes off, the chemical reactions of the fuel give the shuttle the kinetic energy to leave Earth’s atmosphere as shown in the figure below.

The kinetic energy of the space shuttle is less than the potential energy of the fuel used. Which statement BEST explains this idea?

A. The potential energy is used to overcome Earth’s gravity.

B. The potential energy is destroyed by the warmth of the reaction.

C. The potential energy must be consumed to make the fuel burn.

D. The potential energy is also converted to light, thermal energy, and sound energy.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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106. A ball is sitting at the top of a ramp. As the ball rolls down the ramp, the potential energy of the ball decreases. What happens to the potential energy as the ball moves?

A. It is lost as gravitational energy.

B. It is converted to kinetic energy.C. It is destroyed as the ball moves.D. It is used to make the ball slow down.

107. On a cold winter day, Delia puts logs into a fireplace. Then she strikes a match and sets the logs on fire. As the fire burns, which two forms of energy are released?

A. light and thermal

B. chemical and lightC. thermal and electricalD. electrical and chemical

108. Ian reaches for a flashlight to switch it on. Which diagram shows the energy conversion that takes place when the flashlight is turned on?

A.

B.

C.

D.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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109. A spring toy is moving down steps, as shown in the picture.

What happens to the energy of the toy?

A. The toy loses energy to the steps.

B. The toy gains energy as it moves.C. The amount and type of energy of the

toy stays the same.D. The amount of energy the toy has

stays the same, but it changes form.

110. Mr. Cohen is a scientist who is testing the efficiency of a 9 V battery by measuring how much electrical energy it releases. He determines that 7 V of energy is converted to electrical energy. Which of these formulas shows how to calculate the efficiency of the battery?

A. (7 − 9) × 100

B. (9 − 7) × 100

C. (9 ÷ 7) × 100

D. (7 ÷ 9) × 100

111. Four different brands of batteries each store 5.5 kj of energy. The table below shows how much electrical energy each battery releases.

Brand Electrical energy released (kilojoules)

A 4.25

B 4.32

C 4.19

D 4.07

Which battery is the most efficient?

A. brand AB. brand BC. brand C

D. brand D

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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112. A car battery stores 12 V of energy. Of this energy, 9 V converts to electrical energy. The remaining energy converts to thermal energy. What is the efficiency of the battery?

A. 0.25%B. 0.75%C. 25%D. 75%

113. A standard light bulb and an energy-efficient light bulb both receive 60 W of energy. Which statement is most likely true about the energy released by the energy-efficient light bulb?

A. It releases less light energy and less thermal energy than the standard light bulb.

B. It releases more light energy, but less thermal energy, than the standard light bulb.

C. It releases less light energy, but more thermal energy, than the standard light bulb.

D. It releases more light energy and more thermal energy than the standard light bulb.

114. An electric motor transforms most of its energy into useful kinetic energy and wastes only a small amount as thermal energy. What property of the electric motor is being described?

A. efficiencyB. powerC. resistanceD. voltage

115. What is the law of conservation of energy?

A. Energy exists in these forms: mechanical, chemical, thermal, electromagnetic, and nuclear.

B. Energy is always transferred from the system with the most energy to that with the least.

C. In an isolated system, matter cannot be created or destroyed.

D. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.