examples for 14c dating (part 2)
TRANSCRIPT
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Example 3: Migration and Colonization
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the discovery of Cherchen man
• discovery of scripts in Buddhistmonasteries → Indo-Europeanlanguage; Tocharian
• discovery of mummified peoplewith Caucasian features
Along the ancient silk road,trading between east and westtook place for thousands of years.
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The Discovery of the Tarim Mummies
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What is the origin of theTakla-Makan
mummies?
Dried and preserved by the arid dry climate of the Takla Makan Desert.
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The Silk Road
Ancient tradingroute betweenChina and Romethrough desertand mountains.
Are mummiesperished traders?Sir Aurel SteinSven Hedin
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Tarim Basin in Takla Makan Desert
About 3000 ft Basin in Takla Makanwas location of extensive lake duringlast ice age. lake evaporated withinthe subsequent 10000 years. Earlydiscoverers, Marco Polo, reportedon lake existence, 19th century travelers, Sven Hedin could onlyconfirm a saline lake in the desert.
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Lop Nor in Takla MakanLop Nor, on the east edge of the Tarim Basin in China’s Zinjiang Province. Structure was created by water level changes within the former lake. Concentric rings formed as water evaporated from the lake and left mineral deposits, including highly reflective salts, along the new shoreline. The former lake now resembles a giant ear. Visible are a small plateau ~ 3000 ft above the terrain south of Lop Nor and extensive sand dunes and sand ridges to the southeast.
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Existence of Tarim basin lake civilization confirmed by 2001 Chinese expedition
• salt encrusted lake bed• boat shaped coffins• burial place at western
edge of Lop Nor
Dozens of mummified bodies discovered
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The Dating of the Mummies
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Radiocarbon data from different sites
14C dating resultspoint to a period of<3200BC-1000AD
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Evidence for ancient Caucasian Tribe in Tarim BasinRadiocarbon dating gives age for Cherchen man to ~1900 BC, other mummies have been dated back to 3000 BC. Between 100 –1000 mummy sites found but many have not been analyzed
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Evidence of Caucasian origin
• Outer appearance• Weaving pattern in clothing• linguistic patterns: Tocharian A, (känt)
Tocharian B, (kante)
• DNA analysis (1 sample)
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Weaving patterns
Comparative analysis of weaving pattern and techniqueshowed close relation to Celtic techniques in Europe.
What is the origin of Caucasian people in Central Asia?
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Weaving Analysis
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twill and tartansimilarities withHallstatt textiles(Celtic population)Scottish plaidpattern? Distinctdifferences withother local textiles.
plain weave
radiocarbon dating ~850BC
twill weave
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Biology Techniques
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Tocharian influenced scripts
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Indo-European language patternsthe centum - satem division
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Indo-European language tree
linguistic analysisof language patternand core words to identify similaritiesin languages.
Tocharian relatedto Celtic branchconfirmed withweaving patternanalysis
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DNA-Analysis as new Technique
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DNA testing DNA sampleswere taken from11 mummies1 sample onlyreceived exportpermission.
Result: DNA typeof Haplogroup Hlargely associated to Europeans (40%)and only slightly toNear East pop (15%).More data needed!
Presently no DNA testing allowed political reasons due to Chinese fear of Uyguran independence movement.