examining tobacco use and health in glace bay and kings county, nova scotia marcie d. smith &...
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Examining tobacco use and health in Glace Bay and Kings County, Nova Scotia
Marcie D. Smith & Dr. Peter MacIntyreUniversity College of Cape Breton
National/Regional Comparisons:19
.425
.821
.218
.516
.925
.625
.130
.128
.5
23.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
% who smoke daily by region
Canadian male
Canadian female
Nova Scotian male
Nova Scotian female
Kings County male
Kings County female
Cape Breton male
Cape Breton female
Glace Bay male
Glace Bay female
•Glace Bay’s % of daily smoking is higher than the national average, while Kings County is below.
Smoking habit in relation to sex
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
daily occasion not at all
Glace Bay males
Glace Bay females
Kings males
Kings females
The employment status of those smoking daily
0
10
20
30
40
50
Glace Bay
Kings
At the present time do you smoke?
29.3
17.74.
3 66.4
77.74.6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
GlaceBay
Kings
daily
occasional
non
* Numbers represent %
Have you ever smoked cigarettes at all?
49.8 50.2
45.4 54.6
0 20 40 60 80 100
KINGS
GLACE BAY
yes
no
Self-reported health of smokers and non-smokers:
05
10152025303540
Gla
ce B
ay d
aily
sm
oker
sK
ings
dai
ly s
mok
ers
Gla
ce B
ay n
on-s
mok
ers
Kin
gs n
on-s
mok
ers
excellent
very good
good
fair
poor
Nicotine dependency: How soon after you first wake up do you smoke your 1st cigarette?
35.220.5
40.946.2
11.8 21.6
12.1 11.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
GLACE BAY KINGS
60+ minutes
31-60 minutes
6-30 minutes
within 5 min
Education level and daily smoking: Kings County
9
46.528.4
8.7
7.4
primary - 8
grade 9-12
community college
university
other
Education level and daily smoking: Glace Bay
9.6
54.7
22
6
7.7
primary - 8
grade 9-12
community college
university
other
Smoking patterns by age group in Glace Bay and Kings County:
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
15
-24
GB
15
-24
Kin
gs
25
-34
GB
25
-34
Kin
gs
35
-44
GB
35
-44
Kin
gs
45
-54
GB
45
-54
Kin
gs
55
-64
GB
55
-64
Kin
gs
65
+ G
B
65
+ K
ing
s
non
occasional
daily
Does anyone in your household smoke regularly?
31.2 68.8
49.1 50.9
0 20 40 60 80 100
KINGS
GLACE BAY
yes
no
Does anyone in your household smoke inside of the home?
20.7 79.3
42.1 57.9
0 20 40 60 80 100
KINGS
GLACE BAY
yes
no
Percentage of those who began smoking before a certain age:
15.7
41.7
66
79.8
12.134.2
60.2
78
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
GLACE BAY KINGS
before age 19
before age 17
before age 15
before age 13
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
0102030405060
do you currentlysmoke?
have you eversmoked?
* The difference between the purple and blue bars are the people who quit smoking
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
010203040506070
do you currentlysmoke?
Have you eversmoked?
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
hig
h b
loo
d p
ress
ure
GB
Hig
h b
loo
d K
ings
mig
rain
e G
B
mig
rain
e K
ing
s
do you currentlysmoke?
have you eversmoked?
* It is interesting to note only a 0.2% quit rate in migraine suffers in Glace Bay
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
01020304050607080
do you currentlysmoke?
have you eversmoked?
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
01020304050607080
do you currentlysmoke?
have you eversmoked?
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
01020304050607080
do you currentlysmoke?
have you eversmoked?
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
010203040506070
do you currentlysmoke?
have you eversmoked?
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
010203040506070
do you currentlysmoke?
have you eversmoked?
Chronic Conditions: Quit Rates
0
20
40
60
80
100
do you currentlysmoke?
have you eversmoked?
Conclusions
Schnoll et al (2002) indicated 30-40% smokers continue to smoke after diagnoses of a serious condition. Persons are less likely to quit if unaware of extreme dangers of smoking, and uneducated about the seriousness of their disease. Other medical variables may play a role such as the stage of the disease and how far into treatment the individual is.
Factors that influence readiness to quit after diagnoses: – if a family member smokes at home the person will be less likely to quit – Level of nicotine dependence– Awareness of the benefits of quitting– Level of emotional distress – Fatalistic outlook, “why bother…”– Cost of cigarettes in relation to other health costs
Further research:
A lot of research has been done to examine the variables that influence healthy people (no chronic conditions) to quit smoking. However, there is very little research done on why people with chronic diseases quit or do not quit smoking. In the future more research in this area would be beneficial especially in developing smoking cessation programs for people with chronic disease.
Kings County has higher quit rates when living with chronic illness than those in Glace Bay. This lifestyle difference needs further research, with benefits including using Kings County as a model for a smoking reduction program in Glace Bay.