examining the stability of transport behaviours for high-risk early adolescents
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Examining the stability of transport behaviours for high-risk early adolescents. 20th International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference Brisbane, August 27 2013 Kelly Dingli Lisa Buckley , Rebekah Chapman, Bianca Reveruzzi, Mary Sheehan. Presentation overview. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Examining the stability of transport behaviours for high-risk early adolescents
20th International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety ConferenceBrisbane, August 27 2013
Kelly Dingli Lisa Buckley, Rebekah Chapman, Bianca Reveruzzi, Mary Sheehan
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Presentation overview
•Introduction to the research1.
•Research aim2.
•Methodology3.•Results4.
•Conclusions5.
•Limitations and future directions6.
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Introduction to the research
• Injury is a leading cause of death and disability for adolescents (CDC, 2010)
• Transport related injuries are the leading cause of death and disability for persons aged 15-29 years worldwide (WHO, 2013)
• Adolescents have increased risk of harm due to the co-existence of increasing alcohol use and engagement in risky transport behaviours
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Transport related injuries in Australia
• 35% of all deaths for persons aged 15-24 years in in 2007 (AIHW, 2011)
• Leading cause of hospitalisation for persons aged 12-14 years in 2008/9 (AIHW, 2011)
• 53% of adolescents (13-14 years) reported at least one transport related injury in six month period (Chapman & Sheehan, 2005)
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The relationship between adolescent transport injuries and risky behaviour
• There is an association between adolescent injury experiences and engagement in risk taking behaviour (Buckley et al., 2012)
• Potential for harm increases as co-occurrence of other risky behaviours (e.g. alcohol use) appears to increase over time
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Adolescent risk taking indicators• Risk taking indicators are positively related to
engagement in risky behaviour (Jelalian et al., 1997)
• Adolescents who report at least one transport related injury were more likely to report engagement in other risk taking behaviours (Chapman & Sheehan, 2005)
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High-risk adolescents and transport related injuries
• High-risk adolescents are at increased risk of harm than non high-risk adolescents due to greater engagement in risky transport behaviours
• There is a need to understand more about the difference between high-risk and non high-risk adolescents to target school interventions
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Defining high-risk adolescents
• Participants were classified as high-risk during post-hoc analyses if they had reported seeking medical treatment for one or more injury during the preceding 6 month period (baseline)
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Research aim
• To examine change in alcohol use, anger management and transport risk taking behaviours for early high-risk adolescents and non high-risk adolescents over a six month period
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Participants and Procedure
• Year 9 students (N=1,005, 65% female), aged 13-14 years
• 20 high schools (13 State; 5 Catholic; 2 Independent)
• Paper based survey• Matched data (anonymous)
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Measures
• Demographic characteristics• Risk taking: Mak’s adolescent delinquency
scale (1987), including five transport related items• Alcohol use: Self-reports of alcohol use for
preceding 6 month period• Anger management: Temper subscale of the
Measures of Self-Control (Grasmick, Tittle, Bursick & Arneklev, 1993)
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Analyses• Analyses examined differences in high-risk
adolescent (n=264; 28.82%) and non high-risk adolescent (n=652; 71.18%) populations:
- Demographic characteristics (chi-square test)- Change in risk taking indicators and alcohol
use over 6 month period (chi-square test)- Self management of anger over 6 month
period (independent t-test)
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Results
• High-risk adolescents reported a greater increase of engagement in each risk category over time compared with non high-risk adolescents
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Increase in engagement in each risk category over 6 months
Alcohol u
se
Ridden bike w
ithout h
elmet
Passenger o
f drin
k driv
er
Driven ca
r off-ro
ad
Ridden motorbike
off-road
Ridden with
dangerous driv
er0
5
10
15
20
25
High-riskNon High-risk
% In
crea
se in
eng
agem
ent
Risk category4.7% 2.6
%
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Results continued
• Engagement in risk taking behaviours increases at greater levels for high-risk compared with non high-risk adolescents over time
• Differences were identified in the stability of a sample of risk taking indicators for high-risk adolescents and non high-risk adolescents
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Results: Demographic characteristics and anger management
• Demographics were not related to the stability of risk taking behaviours
• No significant difference in self-management of anger for either group over the six month period
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Conclusions
• The dynamic change in risk taking behaviours by high-risk adolescents over time supports the positive relationship between aging and increased risk taking in adolescence (Pickett et al., 2002)
• The findings suggest that there is a greater need to target change in risk taking behaviour of high-risk adolescents
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Conclusions continued
• High-risk adolescents have a different trajectory of engagement in risk taking
• Any program evaluation measuring change should examine findings for high-risk adolescents separately
• The findings contribute to bridging the gap in literature about the application of school based injury prevention interventions to high-risk adolescents (Dent et al., 2001)
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Limitations and future directions
• Self-reported data• Data matching problems
• Future directions: Currently involved in outcome evaluation of injury prevention intervention comparing change in risk taking behaviour of high-risk and non high-risk adolescents
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Increase in engagement in each risk category over 6 months
Risk category High-riskN
High-risk % Non High-risk N
Non High-risk %
Alcohol use 9 4.7 13 2.6
Ridden bike without helmet
31 16.0 50 9.7
Passenger of drink driver
16 8.3 25 4.8
Driven car off-road 11 5.7 20 3.9
Driven motorbike off-road
9 4.7 12 2.3
Ridden with a dangerous driver
20 10.3 27 5.2
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Change in engagement in each risk category over 6 months
Alcohol u
se*
Ridden bike with
out helm
et*
Passenge
r drin
k driv
er
Driven
car o
ff-road*
Driven
motorbike o
ff-road*
Ridden with
dangero
us driv
er *0
20
40
60
80
100
High-risk
* Significant at <0.05%
Risk category
% C
hang
e in
eng
agem
ent
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Change in engagement in each risk category over 6 months
Risk Category High-riskN
High-risk%
Non high-riskN
Non high-risk%
χ² test
Alcohol use 76 29.00 99 15.33 χ²(1)22.43, p < 0.00*
Ridden bike without helmet
134 51.15 210 32.31 χ²(1)28.26, p < 0.00*
Passenger with drink driver
30 15.38 59 11.37 χ²(1)2.09, p = 0.14
Drive car off road 42 16.03 69 10.62 χ²(1)5.12, p = 0.02*
Driven Motorbike off road
26 13.33 41 7.90 χ²(1)4.92, p = 0.02*
Ridden with a dangerous driver
59 22.52 88 13.52 χ²(1)11.20, p < 0.00*
* Significant at < 0.05%