examining the role of sdn and nfv in the move towards lte-a and 5th generation
TRANSCRIPT
Examining the Role of SDN and NFV in the Move Towards LTE-A and 5th
Generation
Network Technology Strategy DepartmentAlberto Boaventura
2015-07-01
July, 1-2nd 2015
12
3
Oi’s optical backbone is among the biggest in the world, with more than 330.000 km of optic fiber. The only operator in Brazil which provides optic
fiber to approximately 2.200 cities, covering more than 70% of the population.
Our mobile network, with more than 25,000 outdoor stations and more than 1 million of Wi-Fi hotspot,
covers areas where approximately 88.5% of the population lives and works.
We provide ADSL and VDSL services more than 4700 of 5561 Brazilian cities. We are upgrading with
fiber optic-based to support VDSL2 and facilitate the provision of our TV services. Already we offer
services up to 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps for residential and enterprise customers respectively.
Who we are ...
40,3%27,1% 32,6%
54,7%
23,1% 21,6%
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
GDP Population
After privatization, the Brazilian market has been split in 3 Regions. Oi is fixed incumbent operator in Regions 1 & 2, but has presence in all Brazilian regions.
Where we are ...
Brazil is the largest country in Latin America with 8.5 million of km2. The GDP is 2.246 Trillion of USD and Population is 203 million of inhabitants.
16 States 10 States 1 State
174202,9
242,2 261,8 271,1
41,5 42 43 44,3 44,8
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Mobile Accesses Fixed Accesses
Millions
Source: Teleco/2014
Oi is present in Antarctica, where provides voice, data and mobile telephony services and a TV signal reception solution for the Estação Antártica Almirante Ferraz (ECAF) of the Brazilian Navy, connecting to the rest of the world the military
personnel and researchers who are working at the South Pole.
Traffic
ReveueVoice Data
Changes ...
Rapid and consistent mobile broadband consolidation,
doubling year over year, will bring a tsunami of data traffic, representing in 2020 1000x of
the traffic in 2010.
Mobile Data Traffic
2018 there will be nearly 1.4 mobile devices per capita.
There will be over 10 billion mobile-connected devices by 2018, including machine-to-machine (M2M) modules—
exceeding the world’s population at that time (7.6 billion) – CISCO VNI 2014
Internet of Things
All customer requirements are not equal. It is worthwhile to
discover which attributes of a product or service are more important to the customer.
Negative perception of services is the major reasons for
changing of service provider
Customer Experience
Main broadband dilemma: Traffic and Revenue
decoupling.
It brings a continuous research for cost effective and affordable
solutions.
Traffic & Revenue
1000x
... Challenges
More throughputMore Connections
More SpectrumSpectral Efficiency Spatial Efficiency
Interference ControlSelf Organized
…
More CapacityMore Elasticity More ResiliencyMore Granularity
Low latencySynchronization
Service and Network State AwarenessesSelf Organized
…
Mobile Access Network Transport (FH/BH) & Mobile Core Network
New Upcoming
Technologies
LTE Advanced
ITU-R M.2034Spectral Efficiency
DL 15 bits/HzUL 6.75 bits/Hz
LatencyUser Plane < 10 msControl Plane < 100 ms
BandwidthITU-R M.2034 40 MHzITU-R M.1645 100 MHz
ADVANCED
CoverageC
apac
ity
SmallCells
High order MIMOCarrier Aggregation
Hetnet/CoMP
LTE
LTE–A/B
3GPP TR 36.913
3GPP Release 8
3GPP Release 10
RELEASE 8/9 RELEASE 10/11 RELEASE 12/13
20 MHz OFDMSC-FDMADL 4x4 MIMOSON, HeNB
Carrier AggregationUL 4x4 MIMODL/UL CoMPHetNet (x4.33)MU-MIMO (x1.14)
Small Cells Enh.CoMP Enh.FD-MIMO (x3.53)DiverseTraffic Support
LTE Roadmap
Carrier AggregationIntra & Inter Band
Band X
Band y
MultihopRelay
Multihop Relay
Smallcells Heterogeneous Network
Colaboration MIMO (CoMP) e HetNet
High Order DL-MIMO & Advanced UL-MIMO
C-plane (RRC)
Phantom Celll
Macro Cell F1
F2
F2>F1
U-plane
D2D
New Architecture
LTE LTE-A LTE-B
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020+
Release 16 & 5G Enh
Release 15 & 5G SI/WI
Evaluation & Specification
Proposal Submission
Tech. Requirements &Eval. Methodology
Vision, Technology & Spectrum
5G Vision and Timeframe
ITU-R´s docs paving way to 5G:
IMT.VISION (Deadline July 2015) - Title: “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”
Objective: Defining the framework and overall objectives of IMT for2020 and beyond to drive the future developments for IMT
IMT.FUTURE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS (Deadline Oct. 2014)To provide a view of future IMT technology aspects 2015-2020 and beyond and to
provide information on trends of future IMT technology aspects
EU (Nov 2012)
China (Fev2013)
Korea (Jun 2013)
Japão (Out 2013)
2020 andBeyond Adhoc
WRC15WRC12 WRC19
Trials and CommercializationStandardization ActivitiesPre-standardizationExploratory Research
First Release White Paper
Requirements & Tech. feasibility
Trial of basic functionality Tests IoT and deployment
Release 14 & 5G SIRelease 10-13
Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) 5G VisionUSE CASES BUSINESS MODEL VALUE CREATION
AssetProvider
ConnectivityProvider
PartnerService
Provider
XaaS; IaaS; NaaS; PaaS
Network Sharing
Basic Connectivity
Enhanced Connectivity
Operator Offer Enriched by Partner
Parter Offer Enriched by Operator
Broadband Access in Dense Areas
Broadband Access Everywhere
Higher User Mobility Massive Internet of Things
Extreme Real-Time Communications Lifeline Communications
Ultra-reliableCommunications Broadcast-like Services HIGH RELIABLE AND FLEXIBLE NETWORK
SERVICEEXPERIENCETRUST
Secu
rity
Iden
tity
Pri
vacy
Rea
l Tim
e
Seam
less
Per
son
aliz
ed
Inte
ract
ion
&
Ch
argi
ng
Qo
S
Co
nte
xt
“5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases, delivered with
consistent experience, and enabled by sustainable business models”
RequirementsAtribute 3GPP Release 12 NGMN Requirements
Data rate per user Up to 100 Mbps on average Peaks of 600 Mbps (Cat11/12)
> 10 X expected on average and peak rates > 100 X expected on cell edge
End-to-end latency 10 ms for two-way RAN (pre-scheduled)Typically up to 50 ms e2e I
> 10X (smaller)
Mobility Functional up to 350 km/h No support for civil aviation
> 1,5 X
Spectral Efficiency DL: 0,074-6,1 bps/HzUL: 0.07-4.3 bps/Hz
Pushing for substantial increase
Connection Density 2000 Active Users/km2 > 100 X
5G Potential Technologies
1=0º
1=45º
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180
...
p1
p2
pN
Native M2M support A massive number of connected devices
with low throughput; Low latency Low power and battery consumption
hnm
h21
h12
h11
Higher MIMO order: 8X8 or more System capacity increases in fucntion of
number of antennas
Spatial-temporal modulation schemes SINR optimization Beamforming
Enables systems that illuminate and at the same time provide broadband wireless data connectivity
Transmitters: Uses off-the-shelf white light emitting diodes (LEDs) used for solid-state lighting (SSL);
Receivers: Off-the-shelf p-intrinsic-n (PIN) photodiodes (PDs) or aval anche photo-diodes (APDs)
C-plane (RRC)
Phantom Celll
Macro Cell
F1F2
F2>F1
U-plane
D2D
Phantom Cell based architecture Control Plane uses macro network User Plane is Device to Device (D2D) in
another frequency such as mm-Wave and high order modulation (256 QAM).
Net
Radio
Core
Cache
Access Network Caching Network Virtualization Function Cloud-RAN Dynamic and Elastic Network
5G Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for Asynchronous Signalling (5GNOW)
Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) : Potential extension to OFDM ;
Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC): Sustainability fragmented spectra.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Sparse-Code Multiple Access (SCMA) High modulation constellation
MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION COGITIVE RADIO NETWORKS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION
DEVICE-CENTRIC ARCHITECTURE NATIVE SUPPORT FOR M2M CLOUD NETWORK & CACHE NEW MODULATION SCHEME
New protocol for shared spectrum rational use
Mitigate and avoid interference by surrounding radio environment and regulate its transmission accordingly.
In interference-free CR networks, CR users are allowed to borrow spectrum resources only when licensed users do not use them.
What are roles for NFV and SDN in
5G/LTE-A?
High Density Traffic
2013201420152016
2017
2018
2019
2020
0,0 Mbps/km2
500,0 Mbps/km2
1000,0 Mbps/km2
1500,0 Mbps/km2
2000,0 Mbps/km2
0,250 km0,350 km0,450 km0,550 km
DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC
CoverageRadius
Capacity2015
Capacity2016
Capacity2017
A +63%
C
D
+61%
+54%
B
Green line represents the system capacity density.
The capacity associated to coverage grid can capture the demand from 2013 till 2014 – Point A;
However, for 2015 it is needed to increase 63% the number of sites, changing the exiting grid – Point B;
In 2016 and 2017, they require more 61% and 54% more sites respectively;
In that time, SmallCells are more appropriated infrastructure to save CapEx and OpEx;
TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OWNERSHIP
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 9 x2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Legend Notes:2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario;+1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz using 1800 MHz in Basic Scenario coverage;+1800 (10): Same as above, but using 10 MHz;SmallCell: using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz for bandwidth;
TIMES BASICSCENARIO
COVERAGECAPACITY
TCO
A B C
Indifference between Macro
1800 & 2600 MHz
Macro LTE 1800 MHz for
coverage
Dual layer Macro LTE 1800
& 2600 MHz
181 265 890
SmallCell2600 MHz
𝑴𝒃𝒑𝒔
𝒌𝒎𝟐
X: BASIC SCENARIO
COVERAGE CAPACITY
X
DEMANDS
DOWNTOWNDEMAND: HIGHDENSITY TRAFFIC
Why Centralizing?
CAPACITY & COVERAGE:
Centralized RAN acts as huge Base Station and can easily coordinate resources for interference avoiding by using functionalities such as CoMP and e-ICIC. CoMP and e-ICIC can together increase the system capacity in 30 times homogeneous network;
C-RAN is also suitable for non-uniformly distributed traffic due to the load-balancing capability in the distributed BBU pool. Though the serving RRH changes dynamically according to the movement of UEs, the serving BBU is still in the same BBU pool.
50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are performed in indoor environment, and due concentrated traffic , indoor traffic density can represent 10-100 times outdoor environment;
Centralized RAN can be optimal solution and accordingly to Airvana and it is 69% cheaper than DAS;
TRANSMISSION & INFRASTRUCTURE:
Algorithms such as e-ICIC and CoMP have tighter latency requirement below 10 micro seconds. In general IP backhaul transport cannot accomplish this latency level in X2 interface.
Network Synchronization can be simplified by requiring synchronism in less centralized sites
Currently almost LTE Cell Site is attended by fiber and DWDM is affordable solution for transport CPRI inside of lambdas.
Space/Colocation, air conditioning and other site support equipment's power consumption can be largely reduced.
China Mobile estimates a reduction of 71% of power saving comparing to Distributed Cell Site;
ROLLOUT, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE :
Faster system rollout due simpler remote cell site that reduces 1/3 comparing to Distributed RAN.
Multi-Tenant BBUs are aggregated in a few big rooms, it is much easier for centralized management and operation, saving a lot of the O&M cost associated with the large number of BS sites in a traditional distributed RAN network.
TCO :
Accordingly to China Mobile, 15% and 50% of CapEx and OpEx savings respectivelly comparing to Distributed RAN
Core Net.
BBU
TDM
IP
BBU
BBU
Core Net.
Fronthaul
Backhaul IP
BBU
BBU
BBU
eICIC CoMP
Distributed RAN Centralized RAN
Coherent transm. & Non-Coherent transm.
Instantaneous Cell Selection
X2
X2
ABSProtectedSubframe
Aggressor Cell Victim CellX2
Identifiesinterfered UE
Requests ABSConfigure
s ABS ABS InfoMeasurement Subset Info
Uses ABS andsignals Patern
Base Station Virtualization & Cloud RAN Architecture
Fronthaul Interface Hardware
Backplane
Backhaul Interface Hardware
Hardware Poll
Virtualization Layer (Ex.: Hypervisor/VMM)
VM BBU 1 VM BBU NCore
Network
Cache & Local
Breakout...
O&
M/C
on
tro
l/O
rch
es
tra
tor
Fronthaul: CPRI, OBSAI, ETSI ORI
Internet
RRU/ RRH
Radio Unit
Network Datacenter
Only Radio Unit
Backhaul IP
RRU/ RRH
Backhaul
Core Network
BBU BBUBBU
Internet
RRU/ RRH
RRU/ RRH
GbE
Existing Deployed Topology
Fronthaul
Internet
V-BBUs V-Core
RRU/ RRH
RRU/ RRH
RRU/ RRH
CPRI/ OBSAI
Cloud RAN Topology
DEPLOYMENT PARADIGM CHANGE
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANTAGES
ARCHITECTURE
Network Function Virtualization
Elastic & liquid resources
Operational Flexibility
Reduces space and power consumption
Reduces CapEx, OpEx and delivery time
Software Defined Network
Creates an abstraction layer for: controlling; faster development ; system service orchestration and overall system evolution;
Open Development Interface
Creates an open environment for new development;
Catalyzes new SON & interference mitigation functionalities support;
NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION
NFV & SDN
SDNapplications
SDNcontrollers
NetworkResources
Programmatic control of abstracted network resources (application-
control interface)
Logically centralized control of network
resources (resource-control interface)
Source: ITU-T Y.3300
Acceleration of innovation: Accelerates business and/or technical innovation through more flexibility of the network operations, thus making trials easier;
Accelerated adaptation to customer demands: Dynamic negotiation of network service characteristics and of dynamic network resource control;
Improved resource availability : Improves network resource availability and efficiency,
Service-aware networking: Allows network customization for the network services which have different requirements, through the programming of network resource operations, including the dynamic enforcement of a set of policies.
Hardware Resources
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
Virtualization Layer
VNF ...
NFV
Man
agem
ent
and
O
rch
estr
atio
n
Compute Storage Network
NFV InfrastructureVirtual
ComputeVirtualStorage
VirtualNetwork
VNF VNF VNF
CapEx: Reduces equipment costs by consolidation, leveraging the economies of scale;
OpEx: Reduces power consumption, space and collocation costs, improved network monitoring.
O&M: Improves operational efficiency by taking advantage of a homogeneous physical platform
Deployment: Easily, rapidly, dynamically provision and instantiate new services in various locations (i.e. no need for new equipment install)
Time to market: Minimizing a typical network operator cycle of innovation.
Service differentiation: Rapidly prototype and test new services
Source: ETSI
NFV+SDN => MOBILE NETWORK
SDN can enable, simplify and automate NFV implementation
Mobile Network Simplification: Common functions optimized for RAN , EPC and transport .
Traffic Optimization : Network status awareness allows to optimize traffic by observing e2e congestion level, system capacity and element capabilities.
Resilience: SDN provides greater visibility at the network level, regardless of whether the network concept is Layer 2, Layer 3 or even Layer 4.
Power Management: Power consumption of wireless network elements can be optimized in real-time.
Spectrum and Interference Management: Opens a new range of interference mitigation and spectrum optimization techniques at the network level.
SDNapplications
SDNcontrollers
NetworkResourcesHardware Resources
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
Virtualization Layer
VNF ...
NFV
Man
age
me
nt
and
O
rch
est
rati
on
Compute Storage Network
NFV InfrastructureVirtual
ComputeVirtualStorage
VirtualNetwork
VNF VNF VNF
SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK
Base Station Virtualization in Phases
CLOUD RANHETNETCENTRALIZED RANMULTI STANDARD RAN
Multi-sector BBU or BBU Hotel
Overall TCO (CapEx+OpEx) saving of New Cell Site
Network elasticity based on resource pooled in a single BBU
Network synchronization simplification
Fronthaul Rollout
Vendor consolidation
MSR and SDR deployment
2G+3G+4G in single BBU
CellSite Modernization
IP Backhauling
Lifecycle Management Optimization
SmallCell Rollout
Capacity improvement by using CoMP, eICIC, CA etc.
Taking advantage of LTE-A & B (Rel.11 and Rel.12)
Baseband pooled across BBU
Using General Purpose HW
EPC and Cloud RAN in a same Network Datacenter
Core Net.
2G
3G
4G
2G
3G
4G
2G
3G
4G
TDM
IP
Core Net.
2G +3G+4G
TDM
IP
2G +3G+4G
2G +3G+4G
Core Net.
BBU
TDM
IP
BBU
BBU
Core Net.
BBU
Fronthaul
Backhaul IP
BBU
BBU
Core Net.
BBU
Fronthaul
Backhaul IP
BBU
BBU
Core Net.
Fronthaul
Backhaul IP
BBU
BBU
BBU
Core Net.
Fronthaul
Backhaul IP
BBU
BBU
BBU
Fronthaul
Backhaul IP
SBI/Fronthaul
NBI/Internet
Hardware Poll
Virtualization Layer
BB
U1
...
O&
M/O
rch
est
rato
r
BB
U2
BB
Un
EPC
IMS
MTA
S
Mobile Network Evolution
ALL SDN: VIRTUALIZED & OPTIMIZEDNFV: VERTICALLY VIRTUALIZEDCURRENTLY: MONOLITHIC & DEDICATED HARDWARE
Internet
SGi
MME HSS PCRF IMS OCSOFCSAttach
Auth
Mobility
Bearer
Context
Attach
Auth
Policy Policy
Billing
Policy
Billing
Mobility
S/PGW
Policy
Billing
Attach
Mobility
Bearer
Context
Data
IP Backhaul
Macro Radio AccessNetwork
Network Datacenter
Fronthaul
MME HSS PCRF IMS OCSOFCS
CRAN S/PGW
Internet
Mobility
Bearer
Context
Attach
Auth
Mobility
Bearer
Context
Attach
Auth
Policy Policy
Billing
Policy
Billing
Mobility
Policy
Billing
Attach
Mobility
Bearer
Context
DataData
Heterogeneous Radio Access
Network
Network Datacenter
(SBI) Open Flow
Infrastructure Layer
(NBI)Control Layer
SGi
Hardware and Software are monolithic and based on well defined and standardized Network Functions;
All-SDN network can simplify the existing EPC architecture by eliminating and collapsing common functionalities in specialized Network Functions, such as: MME, S/PGW, IMS, PCRF, HSS etc.
Thus, it can optimize latency accomplishing the 5G requirements via set of hierarchical controllers as opposed to a single centralized controller associated with various control functionalities of the mobile network;
Easy service development by Service Chain orchestration, application abstraction layer and Open API Interface;
CapEx reduction by using network functions through software virtualization techniques running on commodity hardware;
OpEx reduction due collocation and energy consumption by consolidating networking appliances
Decreasing time to market of a new service by changing the typical innovation cycle of network operators (e.g.,
through software-based service deployment);
PCRF
HLR/HSS
OCS/OFCS
Internet
S-GW
P-GW
MME
IMS
Ro/Rf
S11
S5
GxRx
S6a
Gy/Gz
Sy
Cx/Sh
Evolved Packet Core
S1-US1-AP
Macro Radio AccessNetwork
SGi
Sp
5G Architecture (NGNM)
Public & Private IP Network
5G RAT Family
E2E
Man
age
me
nt
& O
rch
est
rati
onOperator
ServicesEnterprise Vertical
OTT & 3rd. Party
Library of Modular Network Functions& Value Enabling Capabilities
Library of Modular Network Functions& Value Enabling Capabilities
Common Information Repository
CP Functions
UP Functions
RATConfig
StateInfo
Virtualization
Business Enabler APIs
E2E MANAGEMENT AND ORCHESTRATION ENTITY
Is the contact point to translate the use cases and business models into actual network functions and slices.
Defines the network slices for a given application scenario, chains the relevant modular network functions, assigns the relevant performance configurations, and finally maps all of this onto the infrastructure resources.
BUSINESS APPLICATION LAYER
Contains specific applications and services of the operator, enterprise, verticals or third parties that utilize the 5G network.
The end-to-end management and orchestration entity allows, for example, to build dedicated network slices for an application, or to map an application to existing network slices.
BUSINESS ENABLEMENT LAYER
Is a library of all functions required within a converged network in the form of modular architecture building blocks, including functions realized by software modules that can be retrieved from the repository to the desired location, and a set of configuration parameters for certain parts of the network, e.g., radio access.
INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCE LAYER
Consists of the physical resources of a fixed-mobile converged network, comprising access nodes, cloud nodes (which can be processing or storage resources), 5G devices (in the form of (smart) phones, wearables, CPEs, machine type modules and others), networking nodes and associated links.
NETWORK SLICE
Supports the communication service of a particular connection type with a specific way of handling the C- and U-plane for this service.
Is composed of a collection of 5G network functions and specific RAT settings that are combined together for the specific use case or business model.
Source: NGMN/2015
