exam reviewa

7/28/2019 Exam Reviewa

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Accessory Nerve = origin= mid 1/3 of posterior SCM m

descends inferolaterally

innervates trapezius m

Adrenal Glands aka Suprarenal Glands = on top of kidneys

posteriorly rest against the diaphragm

Adductor Canal aka Hunters Canal = @ distal end of Femoral Triangle

borders = laterally = vastus medialus m

posteromedial = adductor longus

adductor magnus

anterior = Sartorius

contains = from anterior to posterior

1. saphenous n

2. vastus medialis n

3. femoral a & v

Anterior Axillary Line = line in front of arm pit

Anterior Cutaneous Thoracic Nerves =

origin = cervical plexus

innervate = thoracic wall & skin

run with the superficial thoracic aa


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Anterior deep Muscles of the forearm = flexors

5 proximal to distal from the elbow

name origin insertion

Brachioradialis

Teres Pronator

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Long Palmar Muscle

Tendon

Anterior Tibial Artery= supplies anterior of lower legs

origin = popliteal artery

terminus = dorsal pedis artery

Arch of the Aorta= 1. brachiocephalic artery

2. left common carotid artery

3. left subclavian artery

ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine

PSIS = posterior superior iliac spine


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Axillary Artery= divided into 3 parts by pectoralis minor

1. part proximal to muscle

2. behind

3. distal

3 branches = 1. supreme thoracic a

2. lateral thoracic a

3. subscapular a

subscapular a divides into thoracodorsal a

scapular circumflex a

Axillary Nerve = origin = branch of posterior brachial plexus

innervates = deltoid & teres minor mm

Biceps Brachii= flexor muscles of the upper arm


Long Head of BB supraglenoid tubercle radial tuberosity

Short scapula coracoid process ditto

Anterior Median Line = line thru middle of the sternum


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Abdominal Aorta = from the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm

to R & L Common Iliac aa @ L4

unpaired branches = 1. celiac trunk

2. superior mesenteric

3. inferior mesenteric

4. middle suprarenal

5. renal

6. gonadal

Arcuate Line = divides the ilium fossa from the iliac tuberosity

dividing line btw the true & false pelvis

midway btw umbilicus & pubic symphysis

made up by the thickened rectus sheath thins inferiorly


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Axillary Fossa = pyramid shaped structure of the armpit

contains sweat glands ka bromhidrosis

1. anterior wall is formed by the pectoralis major,

clavipectoral fascia,

subclavius and the

pectoralis minor

2. posterior wall is formed by the subscapularis,

teres major, and

latissmus dorsi muscles

3. lateral wall is formed by upper medial surface of the humerus,

(covered by the coracobrachialis muscle)

4. medial wall is formed by upper ribs and intercostal muscles,

(covered by serratus anterior muscles

Apex = a triangular opening bounded by the first rib,

upper border of the scapula, and

posterior border of the clavicle

Base = formed by the axillary fascia and skin

Azygos Vein = continuation of right ascending lumbar vein

Arch of Azygos Vein = sup to root of rt lung joins vena cava

continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein


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Bare Area of the Testis = posterior area not covered by Tunica Vaginalis

Basilic Vein = on the medial side of the forearm and hand

with 2 other veins in the bicipital groove => axillary vein

origin = dorsal venous arch of the hand

terminus = anterior of the arm

runs with the ulnar n profound brachii a brachial a

Brachial Artery= on superficial anterior surface of humerus

.. palpatable throughout its course

pulse point &/or pt to stop bleeding by pressure

Brachial Plexus: cervicalthoracic nerves of the spinal cord

1. musculocutaneous

2. axillary

3. median

4. radial

5. ulnar

transient points for vagus cardiac phrenic nerves

also includes 12 pairs of intercostal or thoracic nerves


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Brachiocephalic Vein = subclavian + internal jugular veins

junction ka Venous Angle = post to

sternoclavicular joint

L + R Brachiocephalic vv => Superior Vena Cava

Buccal Fat Pad = anterior to messeter muscle & on its superficial surface

Deep Peroneal Nerve = origin branch of Common Peroneal Nerve

innervates anterior muscles of the lower leg

terminus = cutaneous n btw big & 2nd

toe

injury to it > inability to dorsiflex foot or

extend toes

Diaphragm = origin = xiphoid process

costal margins of 11th

& 12th

ribs

lumbar vert

insertion = central tendon

3 openings = 1. hiatus of Inferior Vena Cava

2. Esophagus

3. Aorta


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Calvaria or skull cap = made up of 1. galea aponeurotic

epicranius muscles

2. loose connective tissue

3. pericranium

Campers Fascia = superficial fascia of the anterior & medial thigh

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : ligament = transverse carpal ligament

nerve = median nerve

Carotid Triangle = anterior neck

beneath the SCM m & above the omohyoid m

contents beneath the hyoid bone =

1. internal jugular vein

2. com carotid artery

3. ext

4. vagus nerve

Celiac Trunk= 3 branches one of which is the Proper Hepatic Artery

another the Left Gastric Artery

another the Splenic Artery


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Cephalic vein = on the lateral side of the forearm and hand

origin = dorsal venous arch of the hand

terminus = anterior of the arm

runs with the radial a & n

Cervical Plexus = cervical nerves of the spinal cord

1. lesser occipital

2. greater auricular

3. transverse cervical

4. supraclavicular

5. phrenic

Cisterna Chyli= formed by union of R & L Lumbar Lymphatic Trunks

location = deep and medial to the crus m @ L2

beginning of the thoracic duct

Clavicular Notch = on @ side of jugular notch

articulates with the medial end of the clavicle


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Colon = distinguished from the small intestine by 3 features

1. Taenia Coli = 3 narrow longitudinal smooth muscle bands

run entire length of the cecum & colon

converge at the appendix

dont cover it or the rectum or anal canal

2. Epiploic Appendages = fat filled outpouches of visceral

peritoneum dont cover ditto

3. Haustra = sacculations created by taenia coli

semilunar mucosal folds on colonic surface

Clavipectoral Fascia = lie btw clavicle & upper pectoralis minor

pierced by thoracoacrimonial artery supplying acromion

m&m pectoralis mm

Common Hepatic Artery= distally becomes the Gastroduodenal Artery

Common Hepatic Duct= lies in the free margin of the Lesser Omentum

comm. hep duct + cystic duct = comm. bile duct


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Cubital Fossa Triangle = in front of the elbow joint

3 boundaries = 1. biceps brachii @ medial

2. brachioradialis & @ inferolateral

extensor carpi radialis longus

3. pronator teres @ inferomedial

flexoris carpi

contents = cephalic vein

basilica vein veins

median cubital vein

ulnar artery arteries

brachial artery

median nerve nerve

humerus bone

Cut Branches of Cervical Plexus = posterior border of the SCM m

1. great auricular nerve

2. transverse cervical nerve

3. lesser occipital nerve

4. supraclavicular nerve

Dartos Tunic= extension of Campers fascia

smooth tunic muscles raise & lower penile scrotum in line w/ temp


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Deep Fascia of Penis = envelops the penile body

anteriorly = corona of the glans penis

posteriorly = inf fascia of urogenital diaphragm

Ductus Deferens = most posterior structure in spermatic cord

hard cord like

Fascia Lata = profound fascia of the thigh & gluteal region

continuation of scarpas fascia

Fascia Septa = passes from the palmar aponeurosis to the 1st

& 5th

metacarpal bones

Femoral Cutaneous Nerve = innervates hamstring m

tibialis anterior m

Fascial Nerves emerging from parotid gland capsule =

1. cervical

2. mandibular

3. buccal

4. zygomatic

5. temporal

separating the flexor tendons from the thenar & hypothenar m


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Femoral Artery= continuation of the Ext Iliac a

chief a of the lower limbs

enters midpt of inguinal canal

passes thru femoral triangle

adductor canal

terminus = becomes popliteal artery

anterior tibial a

dorsal pedis a

Femoral Nerve = origin = L2, L3, L4 of spinal cord

lies in the groove btw the Psoas Major m & Iliacus m

innervates 1. Quadriceps Femoris m

2. Sartorius m

3. Pectineus m


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Femoral Triangle = in the medial thigh

borders = Adductor Longus m = medial border

Inguinal Ligament = superior

Sartorius m = lateral

contains = femoral nerve & branches

artery

vein

sheath = 3 compartments

artery in lateral compartment

vein middle

medial sheath ka femoral canal

deep inguinal lymph nodes

connective & adipose tissue

opening ka Femoral Ring

First Rib = attached to the sternum at the manubrium just below the

jugular or suprasternal notch


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Fissures of the Liver= 3

1. Right Sagittal Fissure = 1. posteriorly = inf vena cava

2. anteriorly = gall bladder

2. Left Sagittal Fissure = 1. posteriorly = ligamentum teres

2. anteriorly = ligamentum venosum

3. Transverse Fissure = aka Porta Hepatis

1. R&L hepatic a

2. common hepatic duct

3. portal vein

Ganglions of the spinal cord= 3 superior to inferior

Celiac Ganglion = innervates all gastrointestinal organs & kidney

Superior Mesenteric Ganglion = innervates small intestines

colon xpt descending

Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion = innervates descending colon

urogenital including ureters

Gastric Artery= left and right eventually anastomose

Right = branch of the proper hepatic artery

lying along the lesser curvature of the stomach

Left = originates directly from the Celiac Trunk


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Gastroepiploic Artery= lies along the Gtr Curvature of the stomach

Left = originates from the splenic artery

Right = branch of the gastroduodenal artery

anastomose at the stomach

Greater Omentum = peritoneal reflection btw stomach & transverse colon

contains Gastrocolic Ligament = connects trans colon to

stomach & upper duodenum

Hemiazygos Vein = continuation of left ascending lumbar vein

drains blood from lower left intercostals spaces

joins the azygos vein above the 9th

thoracic vert

Accessory Hemiazygos Vein = branch draining rest of intercostal sp

joins azygos vein @ 8th

thoracic vert

Hepatorenal Recess = space btw the liver & kidneys

aka Morrisons Pouch

Iliohypogastric Nerve & Ilioinguinal Nerve =

emerge from lateral border of Psoas Major m


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Inferior Lumbar Triangle = one of the triangles of the back

borders = 1. latissimus dorsi m

2. external oblique m

3. iliac crest

Inferior Thyroid Artery= loops superiorly from the thyroidcervical trunk

downward to inferior pole of thyroid gland on

posterior lateral surface

Inferior Vena Cava = formed by R & L Common Iliac Vein @ L5 vert

Infraorbital Foramen: contents = infraorbital blood vessels & nerves on

anterior of the face

continuation of the infraorbital canal

anaesthetic will numb the infraorbital nerve

Inguinal Ligament= in females = round ligament of the uterus

in males btw the ASIS & Pubic Tubercule

thickening & crimping of the aponeurosis


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Inguinal Canal= oblique cylindrical shaped space @ lowest pt in abd wall

2 openings = 1. superficial anterior ring = entrance

2. profound posterior ring = exit

superficial inguinal ring = opening in medial end of above

borders = 1. aponeurosis of the ext oblique

2. int oblique

3. inguinal ligament

4. internal oblique m

transverse abdominal m

5. tranverse fascia

falx inguinalis

Intercostal Muscles = External & Internal form a two tiered X

External Intercostal Muscles = 1st

tier (superficial)

travel frm lateral downward to medial

its intercostal membranes are anterior

Internal Intercostal Muscles = 2nd

tier (profound)

travel frm lateral upward to medial

its intercostal membranes are posterior


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Internal Thoracic Artery* = contained in post cervical triangle

aka Internal Mammary Artery

arises from the subclavian artery opp thyrocervical trunk

crossed by phrenic n

Jugular Notch aka Suprasternal Notch = concave superior border of the

manubrium

Kidneys = bean shaped @ T12 vert right lower than left bec/ of stomach

retroperitoneal

supplied by 3 sets of arteries

1. superior suprarenal a = br of inferior phrenic a

2. middle = directly from aorta

3. inferior = from renal a

Renal Hilum = anterior to posterior

1. renal vein

2. renal artery

3. nerves

ureter

renal pelvis

Perirenal Fat surrounds kidneys & adrenal glands


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Laryngeal Prominence aka Adams Apple = formed by thyroid cart angle

Lat Cut Nerve of Forearm = continuation of musculocutaneous nerve

innervates forearm lateral skin

Lat Femoral Cut Nerve =

lies lateral & inferior to iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal

Lesser Omentum = peritoneal reflection extending from

1. abdominal esophagus

2. lesser curvature of the stomach

3. first part of the duodenum

4. porta hepatis = inf visceral surface of liver

left border = Hepatogastric Ligament

contains = L & R gastric a & v

stomach nerves

lymph nodes

right border = Hepatoduodenal Ligament

contains = proper hepatic artery

hepatic portal vein

common bile duct

lymph nodes & vessels

nerves


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Linea Alba = broad flat aponeurosis of 3 abd m

rom Xiphoid Process to Pubic Symphysis

1. Ext Oblique m

2. Int Oblique m

3. Transverse Abdominal m

Lower Leg Anterior Muscles = insert distally

function = movement of ankle & toes

Peroneus Brevis origin = lateral fibula

insertion = 5th

metatarsal bone

Longus origin = lateral fibula

insertion = cuneiform & 1st

metatarsal bone

Lower Leg Posterior Muscles


Gluteus Maximus iliac crest sacrum coccyx lesser trochanter of fe

Gluteus Med & Min ilium ditto

Piriformis anterior of sacrum greater trochanter

Gracilis ramus of pubis medial surface of tibia

Sartorius ASIS ditto

Obturator Internus

Externus

inner surf obt foramen

ext

Gtr Trochanter

below Gtr Trochanter

Quadratus Femoris ischial tuberosity posterior femur

Adductor Magnuspubic ramis

ischial tuberositylinea aspera of femur

Hamstrings

semitendinous

biceps femoris

semimembraneous

ischial tuberosity tibial condyles


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Linea Semilunaris = line lateral to the abdominal rectus m

Lumbar Plexus = lumbar nerves of the spinal cord

nerves of the abdominal cavity

1. iliohypogastric

2. ilioinguinal

3. genitofemoral

4. lat femoral cut

5. femoral

6. obturator

Lungs : right lung lower than left Cardiac Notch on left lung

structurally = 1. apex

2. base aka diaphragmatic surface

3. 2 surfaces

4. 3 borders

right lung has 2 fissures = horiz & oblique dividing it into 3 lobes

left has 1 = oblique dividing it into 2 lobes

Root of Lung & Pulmonary Ligamentattach them to mediastinum

Hilum of Lung = Right Lung has 5 openings

2 for upper & lower main bronchii

2 for pulmonary veins ( O2 carrying)

1 for pulmonary artery (non O2 )


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Left Lung has 4 openings

1 for upper & lower main bronchii

2 for pulmonary veins ( O2 carrying)

1 for pulmonary artery (non O2 )

Bronchiopulmonary Segment= pyramidal shaped structure

with apex facing hilum

base at surface of lung

contain: 1. segmental bronchi

2. mass of lung tissue

3. segmental artery

4. vein

5. bronchial air channels

NOTE: if a segmental bronchus blocked

others below it also interrupted

Costodiaphragmatic Recess = potential space btw

ribs & diaphragm

Pleura = thin, smooth, semitransparent serous membrane

parietal pleura attach eg lung to the thoracic wall

visceral envelops the gland eg lung

Pleura Cavity= potential space

pressure diff in pleura cav surrounding

lungs drives gas exchange in alveolis


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Pleura Fluid = lubricant to permit lung movement

Mammary Glands = in females lies in the superficial fascia

Suspensory Lig = fibrous strands connecting nipples & skin

aka Cowpers Lig to deeper superficial fascia

important markers for breast cancer as tumours cause these

ligaments to contract & shorten giving the skin over

them a puckered orange peel appearance

Marginal Artery= supplies the internal margins of the cecum

formed by the 1. ileocolic a

2. right middle & left colic aa

3. sigmoidal a

Medial Bicipital Groove structures =

median nerve

brachial artery

axillary vein


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Mediastinum = 3 parts Sup Mid Inf

Superior Mediastinum contains trachea

brachiocephalic a & v

sup vena cava & aortic arch

Middle phrenic nerves

mediastinal pleura

heart & cardiovascular parts

includg pericardium

Inferior 3 parts

1. Anterior containing struct in front of pericardium

2. Middle heart & cardiovascular parts

includg pericardium

3. Posterior struct behind pericardium

Mental Foramen = below the root of the 2nd

premolar

@ midpoint of the line separating the sup & inf mandible

continuation of the mandibular canal

conduit for mental blood vessels & nerves

anaesthetic numbs the mental nerve


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Mesenteric Arteries = superior & inferior

Superior Mesenteric Artery= embedded in extraperitoneal fat

origin = abdominal aorta @ L1 vert

just below Celiac Trunk

branches = 1. pancreatic duodenal a

2. middle colic a

3. right colic a

4. iliocolic

terminus = 5. appendicular a

6. anterior cecal a

7. posterior cecal a

terminal aa supply jejunum & ilieum

Inferior Mesenteric Arteries = origin = anterior abd aorta @ L3 vert

Mesorchium of Penis = visceral layer of Tunica Vaginalis

conduit for blood vessels, ducts & nerves

Pectoralis Minor Muscle = origin = ext surf of 3rd

to 5th

ribs

insertion = medial border of scapula

function = pull scapula lifts ribs


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Penis = cross section = 1. urethra surrounded by Corpus Spongiosum

2. two corpora cavernosa

separated by Tunica Albuginea

Arteries = 1. spermatic cord aka deferential a

2. testicular a

Vein = 3. Pampiniform Venous Plexus forming single v

Innervation = genitofemoral nerve (esp for cremaster m)

ilioinguinal nerve

Perforating Branches of the Thoracic Nerves

display 2 structural forms = 1. segmental

2. overlapping

segmental used in surgery to id anaesthetized skin segments

overlapping allows protection against injury to one set of nerves

as injury to 2 sets of nerves needed for loss of sensation


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Superior Mesenteric Artery= embedded in extraperitoneal fat

origin = abdominal aorta @ L1 vert

just below Celiac Trunk

branches = 1. pancreatic duodenal a

2. middle colic a

3. right colic a

4. iliocolic

terminus = 5. appendicular a

6. anterior cecal a

7. posterior cecal a

terminal aa supply jejunum & ilieum

Midaxillary Line = line thru mid armpit

Midclavicular Line = line thru midpoint of the clavicle

Musculocutaneous Nerve = lies on the brachioradialis muscle


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Obturator Nerve = origin = L2, L3, L4 Lumbar Plexus

passes thru obturator canal

lies on medial side of the Psoas Major m

posterior innervates obturator internus m

adductor magnus

anterior innervates thigh muscles

hip joints

skin

Occipital Triangle: borders = SCM m

Trapezius m

Inferior Omohyoid m

contents = accessory nerve

brachial plexus

supraclavicular nerve

ext jugular vein

Omohyoid Muscle* = divides deep cervical lymph nodes into sup & inf

Palmar Aponeurosis = extension of Palmaris Longus muscle

Parasternal Line = line mid way thru sterna & midclavicular lines


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Parathyroid Glands = superior & inferior

located on the posterior & medial surface of thyroid

located w/in 1 cm of the X btw Inf Thyroid Art

Recurr Laryngeal N

Paravertebral Line = line thru ends of transverse processes of vert column

Perineum Triangle = really 2 triangles 1. Urogenital Triangle

2. Anal Triangle

borders = Anterior = inferior margin of pubic symphysis

Anterolateral = ischiopubic rami

Posterior = coccyx

Postlateral = gluteus max & sacrotuberous lig

Lateral = 2 ischial tuberosities

Peritoneum = 2 types 1. visceral = covers organ surfaces

2. parietal = covers abd wall & pelvic cavities

folds &/or reflections create anchors & conduits for v a n l

Messenteric Ligaments = attach organs to abd wall

Peritoneal = attach organs to @ other


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Retroperitoneal= partially or not covered by peritoneum

duodenum descending & horiz

rectum lower part

pancreas

kidney

ureters

Intraperitoneal= completely covered

everything else other than above

Phrenic Nerve = right & left

Left Phrenic Nerve = enters thorax btw subclavian a & v

crosses aortic arch & runs ant to lung root

on left side of pericardial sac

pierces diaphragm w/ left pericardiophrenic a & v

Right Phrenic Nerve = passes along rt mediastinal border

& anterior to root of the lung

piercing diaphragm @ opening

of infer vena cava

Posterior Axillary Line = line thru midpoint of armpit

Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery= 1 of 3 branches of axillary a


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Posterior Muscles of the forearm = extensors

Triceps Brachii = 3 heads = 1. long

2. medial

3. lateral

insertion = olecranon of the ulna

Posterior Shoulder Triangular & Quadrangular Spaces

two adjacent spaces formed at the surgical neck of the humerus

by the teres minor & major mm = medial to laterally

& the long & lateral heads of the triceps brachii sup to infer

triangular space = medial

conduit for circumflex scapular a

quadrangular space = lateral

conduit for axillary n

posterior humeral circumflex a

Pterion = 4 cm above the midpt of the zygomatic arch

H shaped weak area of the lateral skull

Xing junct of 1. frontal

2. occipital

3. temporal

4. saphenous (Gtr Wing) bones


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Parotid Duct= pierces the messeter m on its anterior border & enters the

oral cavity opp the 2nd

upper premolars

Pisiform Bone = medial to the ulnar artery & nerve

Platysma muscle = tissue paper thin subcut m covering the v & n of neck

Popliteal Fossa = diamond shaped area on posterior of knee

borders = lateral = semitendinosus

medial = semimembraneous

inferior = medial & lateral heads of gastrocnemius

contains = the popliteal a & v

Posterior Cervical Triangle : borders = 1. SCM m

2. Clavicle bone

3. Trapezius m

contents = accessory nerve

phrenic nerve

vertebral artery*

thyrocervical trunk

internal thoracic artery*

interscalene triangle

anterior scalene m

accessory

medial


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Proper Hepatic Artery= left & anterior to the Portal Vein of the liver

1 of three major branches of the Celiac Trunk

Psoas Major Muscle = origin = Iliacus + Iliopsoas muscles

insertion = trochanter of the femur

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle = origin = iliac crest

insertion = Lumber vert & 12th

rib

Radial Artery= runs deep with the radial nerve into the brachioradialis m

branches = superficial palmar artery

primary pollicis artery

radial indicis artery

Radial Sulcus aka Spiral Groove = adjacent to deltoid tuberosity

groove for

1. radial n

2. profound brachii a


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Rami of the spinal cord= connect thoracic sympathetic ganglia to spinal n

white = carry preganglionic fibers

&

grey = postganglionic

Rectovesical Pouch = space btw rectum & urinary bladder

Rectouterine Pouch = space btw rectum & uterus in females

Rectus Abdominus Muscles = 3 columns of muscle in the mid abdomen

divided into 4 segments by 3 tendinous intersections

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve = right & left

branch of the vagus nerve

located in tracheaesophageal groove

important in thyroid surgery as close to artery

Rugae of Mucosa = mucosal folds more numerous in the pyloric antrium

than in fundus


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Sacs of the Abdominal Cavity

Greater Sac aka General Cavity = contains all the organs

Lesser Sac aka Omental Bursa

borders = Anteriorly = 1. post surf of stomach

2. lesser omentum

3. gastrocolic lig of Gt

Omentum

Posterioly = 1. post abd peritoneum

Epiploic Foramen = opening btw Gtr & Lesser Sacs

aka Winslow Foramen

borders = Superior = caudate lobe of liver

Anterior = hepatoduodenal lig

Inferior = 1st

part of duodenum

Posterior = Inf V Cava peritoneum

Saphenous Nerve = branch of femoral nerve

travels with femoral a & v thru adductor hiatus

innervates adductor magnus m

sartorius m

gracilis m


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Saphenous Vein =

Great Saph V enters medial thigh via Saphenous hiatus in Fascia Lata

runs down the medial thigh

gives off Accessory Saph v & Perforating vv

Sciatic Nerve = lie midway btw ischial tuberosity & Gtr Trochanter

innervates piriformis m

2 branches 1. common peroneal n

2. tibial n

Serratus Anterior Muscle: origin = upper 8 or 9 ribs of thoracic cage

insertion = medial border of scapula

closes thoracic cage rotates scapula laterally

innervated by the Long Thoracic Nerve

Scapular Line = line thru the midpoint of inferior angle of scapula

Scrotum of Penis = pouch of skin formed from perineum & ant abd wall

structures = 1. raphe scrotum = mid line

2. Median Scrotal Septum = divides it

into 2 compartments

thick devoid of fat adheres to underlying tissues


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Small Intestines = jejunum = upper 2/5ths

ilieum = lower 3/5ths

Pilicae Circularis = folds of internal surface of jejunum& ilieum

more in proximal jejunum than ilieum

Peyers Patches = lymphatic folds in distal ilieum

increase in # from ilieum > cecum

not found in jejunum !!!

Small Saphenous Vein aka Lesser Saph Vein

ascends up mid line of posterior lower leg

runs with sural nerve

Spermatic Cord = 3 layers = 1. external spermatic fascia

2. cremaster m

3. internal spermatic fascia

formed from ant abd wall


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Splanchnic Nerves

Greater = convey preganglionic sympathetic fibers frm symp trunk

arise from T5 to T9 vert

innervate abdominal viscera

Lesser = also carry preganglionic fibers

arise from T10 to T11 vert

Spleen = 2 surfaces 1. diaphragmatic 2. visceral

notch in anterior border distinguishes it from other dx organs

Splenic Artery= arises from the Celiac Trunk

supplies pancreatic body & tail on its route to spleen

splits in spleen into 4 branches 1. 4 splenic

2. left gastroepiploic

3. short gastric


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Sternal Angle aka Angle of Louis = transverse ridge on anterior of

sternum

palpable

landmark for 4th

Vert or 2nd

Ribs

ascending aorta aortic arch

Carina = bifurcation of trachea

thoracic duct turns left here

Sternal Line = line thru the lateral border of the sternum (widest point)

Stomach = 1. cardia

2. fundus

3. body

4. pyloric antrium

5. pylorus

Superficial Infrahyoid muscles = elev hyoid bone oral cav floor & tongue

from medial to lateral

1. sternohyoid

2. omohyoid*

3. stylohyoid


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Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes = in superficial fascia below inguinal lig

arranged like T

drain everything below umbilicus

Superficial Palmar Arch = inside the palm

joining of radial & ulnar arteries

4 digital branches (note: thumb separate)

Superficial Temporal Artery= in the superficial musculoaponeurotic sys

above the zygomatic bone

Superior Intercostal Veins = left and right @ drains its side

Superior Laryngeal Nerve = branch of the vagus nerve

innervates cricothyroid &

inf pharyngeal constrictor m

damage results in changes to voice quality


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Superior Lumbar Triangle = one of 3 triangles of the back

located beneath the latissimus dorsi & 12th

rib

borders = 1. Serratus Posterior

2. Erector Spinae

3. Internal Oblique

Superior Thyroid Artery= branch of Ext Carotid Artery

origin = front of above

ending = superior pole of the thyroid gland

Supraclavicular Triangle = posterior neck

borders = triangular muscle

subclavius muscle

pectoralis major

contents = axillary vein

artery

brachial plexus

pectoralis minor

Sural Nerve = formed by union of of medial & lateral sural nerves

medial = branch of the tibial n

lateral = branch of common peroneal n


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Suspensory Ligament of Duodenum aka Treitz Lig =

anchors the 1st

part of duodenum to peritoneum

Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis = all innervated by median

n

Profundis

Pollicis Longus

Thoracic Duct aka Left Lymphatic Duct= begins at the Cisterna Chyli

enters the post mediastinum frm abd cav thru aortic hiatus

emerges from behind esophagus turning left in sup mediastinum

arches deeply around the internal jugular vein

lies btw azygos v & descending aorta ( 2 g + d)

before joining the inf vena cava

Thyroid Artery= runs with the laryngeal nerve

Thyroid Gland = located in the anterior neck

H shaped atop the trachea & below hyoid bone

fixed posteriorly to cricoid & tracheal cartilage

covered by fascia & a capsule


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Triangle of Ausculation aka Triangle of Parascapula

located in the Spatium Intermusculare = 6th

intercostals space

borders = 1. medial border of scapula

rhomboid major m

2. trapezius m

3. latissimus dorsi m

when the muscles flex triangle increases in size opening the 6th

intercostals space and allowing breathing to be monitored

using a stethoscope

Triangles of the Back= 1. Triangle of Ausculation

2. Superior Lumbar Triangle

3. Inferior Lumbar Triangle

Triangle of Calot= inferior surface of the liver

borders = 1. common hepatic duct

2. cystic duct

3. cystic artery


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Triangles of the Neck: Anterior = Muscular triangle

Submandibular triangle

Submental triangle

Carotid triangle

Posterior = Supraclavicular

Occipital

Tunica Vaginalis = serous membrane derived from abdominal peritoneum

covering @ testis & forming a closed sac w/ a cavity

Ulnar Artery= runs deep downward from cubital fossa to the profound

head of the teres pronator on the medial side of the wrist

superficial to the flexor retinaculum

has many branches eg. interosseous artery

lateral to pisiform bone gives off

small branch running w/ ulnar n

Vagus Nerve = left

enters thorax btw Left Com Carotid & Subclavian AA

crosses aortic arch giving off Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

which passes beneath arch & post to lig arteriosum

vagus nerve itself continues post to root of lung


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Vertebral Artery* = contained in post cervical triangle

originates from the 6th

Cervical Vert

Zygomatic Arch = horizontal union above mandibular notch of the

temporal process of the zygomatic bone

zygomatic temporal

exam reviewa

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