(exam outline) april 15, 2015 - hewlett packard enterprise · 2 © 2015 international information...

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© 2015 International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Duplication for commercial

purposes is prohibited. 5.19.15 V9

Effective Date: April 15, 2015

(Exam Outline)

Effective Date: February 1, 2012

April 15, 2015

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Impartiality Statement (ISC)² is committed to impartiality by promoting a bias and discrimination free environment for

all members, candidates, staff, volunteers, subcontractors, vendors, and clients. (ISC)²’s board

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mailto:[email protected]



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1) ACCESS CONTROLS .............................................................................................................. 5

Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 5

Key Areas of Knowledge ........................................................................................................... 5

2) SECURITY OPERATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................ 7

Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Key Areas of Knowledge ........................................................................................................... 8

3) RISK IDENTIFICATION, MONITORING, AND ANALYSIS .................................................... 10

Overview .................................................................................................................................... 10

Key Areas of Knowledge ......................................................................................................... 11

4) INCIDENT RESPONSE AND RECOVERY ............................................................................. 12

Overview .................................................................................................................................... 12


5) CRYPTOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................. 14

Overview .................................................................................................................................... 14


6) NETWORK AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY ............................................................... 16

Overview .................................................................................................................................... 16


7) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATION SECURITY ............................................................................. 18

Overview .................................................................................................................................... 18


REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................... 20

GENERAL EXAMINATION INFORMATION .................................................................................... 26

Computer Based Test (CBT) ........................................................................................................ 26

Registering for the Exam .............................................................................................................. 26

Scheduling a Test Appointment ................................................................................................. 27

Any questions? .............................................................................................................................. 34

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The Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) is an ANSI accredited, internationally recognized

information security certification designed for experienced information security and information

technology practitioners. The SSCP examination measures the competence of candidates against

an internationally accepted common body of knowledge encompassing seven (7) security

domains including Access Controls; Security Operations & Administration; Risk Identification,

Monitoring and Analysis; Incident Response and Recovery; Cryptography; Network and

Communications Security; and Systems and Application Security.

The Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Credential is the ideal certification for those with

proven technical skills and practical, hands-on security knowledge in operational IT roles. It provides

confirmation of a practitioner’s ability to implement, monitor and administer IT infrastructure in

accordance with information security policies and procedures that ensure data confidentiality,

integrity and availability. The SSCP is geared toward individuals who may hold technical and

engineering related information technology positions.

This Candidate Information Bulletin includes;

an exam blueprint that outlines major topics and sub- topics within the seven (7) domains,

a suggested reference list,

a description of the format of the items on the exam,

and general examination registration and administration policies.

In order to be considered for the SSCP credential, candidates are required to have a minimum

of one year of cumulative paid full-time work experience in one or more of the seven domains

of the (ISC)2 SSCP CBK®.

Candidates must also respond to the following four (4) questions regarding criminal history and

related background information and provide an explanation for any questions answered in the

affirmative (any such explanations will be evaluated during the endorsement process).

1. Have you ever been convicted of a felony; a misdemeanor involving a computer crime,

dishonesty, or repeat offenses; or a Court Martial in military service, or is there a felony

charge, indictment, or information now pending against you? (Omit minor traffic

violations and offenses prosecuted in juvenile court).

2. Have you ever had a professional license, certification, membership or registration

revoked, or have you ever been censured or disciplined by any professional organization

or government agency?

3. Have you ever been involved, or publicly identified, with criminal hackers or hacking?

4. Have you ever been known by any other name, alias, or pseudonym? (You need not

include user identities or screen names with which you were publicly identified).

SSCP Candidates must also attest to the truth of their assertions regarding professional

experience, and legally commit to abide by the (ISC)² Code of Ethics (Section 3).

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1) ACCESS CONTROLS

Overview

The first domain of the SSCP credential addresses access controls which may be loosely defined

as the mechanisms that govern the access to resources and the operations that may be

performed on those resources. Resources, within the context of the SSCP exam, may include

physical resources, computer systems or information. The entities for which this access is

managed may be users, software or other computer systems.

An access control system ordinarily includes mechanisms that provide for identification,

authentication, authorization and auditing. SSCP candidates are expected to understand the

underlying principles of access control systems and how to implement, manage and secure

those systems.

Candidates should be familiar with authentication mechanisms and terminology including

single/multifactor authentication, single sign-on and device authentication. They should have

an understanding of internetwork trust architectures and the need for federated identity

management across disparate systems.

SSCP candidates must have a thorough understanding of the identity management lifecycle

including authorization, proofing, provisioning, maintenance and entitlement. Candidates will

also be tested on their understanding of and on their ability to implement and manage various

types of access control frameworks including mandatory, discretionary, role and attribute

based.

Key Areas of Knowledge

A. Implement Authentication Mechanisms

A.1 Single/multifactor authentication

A.2 Single sign-on

A.3 Device authentication

B. Operate Internetwork Trust Architectures (e.g., extranet, third-party connections,

federated access)

B.1 One-way trust relationships

B.2 Two-way trust relationships

B.3 Transitive trust

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C. Participate in the Identity-Management Lifecycle

C.1 Authorization

C.2 Proofing

C.3 Provisioning

C.4 Maintenance

C.5 Entitlement

D. Implement Access Controls (e.g., subject-based, object-based)

D.1 Mandatory

D.2 Non-Discretionary

D.3 Discretionary

D.4 Role-based

D.5 Attribute-based

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2) SECURITY OPERATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION

Overview

The security operations and administration domain addresses basic security concepts and the

application of those concepts in the day to day operation and administration of enterprise

computer systems and the information that they host.

Ethical considerations in general, and the (ISC)2 Code of Ethics in particular, provide the

backdrop for any discussion of information security and SSCP candidates will be tested on both.

Information security professionals often find themselves in positions of trust and must be beyond

reproach in every way.

Several core principles of information security stand above all others and this domain covers

these principles in some depth. It can be said that the CIA triad of confidentiality, integrity and

availability forms the basis for almost everything that we do in information security and the SSCP

candidate must not only fully understand these principles but be able to apply them in all

situations. Additional security concepts covered in this domain include privacy, least privilege,

non-repudiation and the separation of duties.

Asset management constitutes an important part of the security operations and administration

domain. In the context of the SSCSP exam, assets include personnel, facilities, hardware,

software and information. Asset management topics include the systems development

lifecycle (SDLC), hardware, software, and all aspects of data management including storage,

transmission, destruction, and data loss prevention (DLP).

The security operations and administration domain also includes the implementation and

assessment of security controls which is a broad category that covers everything from creating

security policies and procedures to the implementation and operation of technical security

controls such as authentication and access control mechanisms.

The importance of change management processes and procedures to the IT enterprise cannot

be underestimated and an effective change management program will help preserve system

integrity and interoperability. SSCP candidates will be tested on all aspects of configuration

and change management.

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A. Understand and Comply with Codes of Ethics

A.1 (ISC)2 Code of Ethics A.2 Organizational code of ethics

B. Understand Security Concepts

B.1 Confidentiality

B.2 Integrity

B.3 Availability

B.4 Accountability

B.5 Privacy

B.6 Non-repudiation

B.7 Least privilege

B.8 Separation of duties

C. Document and Operate Security Controls

C.1 Deterrent controls C.2 Preventative controls C.3 Detective controls C.4 Corrective controls C.5 Compensating controls

D. Participate in Asset Management

D.1 Lifecycle D.2 Hardware D.3 Software D.4 Data

E. Implement and Assess Compliance with Controls

E.1 Technical controls E.2 Operational controls

E.3

Managerial controls (e.g., security policies, baselines, standards, and

procedures)

F. Participate in Change Management

F.1 Implementation of Configuration Management Plan F.2 Security impact assessment F.3 System architecture/interoperability of systems

F.4 Testing /implementing patches, fixes, and updates (e.g., operating system,

applications, SDLC)

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G. Participate in Security Awareness and Training

H. Participate in Physical Security Operations (e.g., security assessment, cameras,

locks)

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3) RISK IDENTIFICATION, MONITORING, AND ANALYSIS

Overview

IT Risk management involves the identification, evaluation and prioritization of potential threats

to enterprise computing systems and the subsequent systematic and continuous application of

resources to monitor and manage those threats and otherwise reduce the probability and

potential impact to the organization. The risk identification, monitoring and analysis domain

includes risk management concepts, assessment activities, and monitoring terminology,

techniques and systems.

The SSCP candidate must have a thorough understanding of the IT risk management process

and candidates will be tested in the areas of risk visibility and reporting, risk management

concepts, risk assessment, risk treatment and audit findings.

Security assessment activities, for the purposes of the risk identification, monitoring and analysis

domain, include internal and external security assessments and compliance audits, penetration

testing, and all aspects of vulnerability assessment including discovery, compliance and

remediation.

Logging and monitoring encompasses an essential part of the risk identification, monitoring and

analysis domain and the candidate will be tested on events of interest, source systems and all

aspects of logging including log integrity and preservation, aggregation, configuration of event

sources and event correlation systems. Candidates must also know how to use and interpret

packet capture and network traffic analysis tools.

Logging and monitoring is not terribly useful in risk reduction if the output of the logging and

monitoring mechanisms and systems that have been employed is not continuously evaluated

and the SSCP candidate will be tested on their ability to analyze and interpret monitoring results

and to act or report on their findings.

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A. Understand the Risk Management Process

A.1 Risk Visibility and Reporting (e.g., risk register, sharing threat intelligence) A.2 Risk management concepts (e.g., impacts, threats, vulnerabilities) A.3 Risk assessment A.4 Risk treatment (accept, transfer, mitigate, avoid) A.5 Audit findings

B. Perform Security Assessment Activities

B.1 Participation in security testing and evaluation B.2 Interpretation and reporting of scanning and testing results

C. Operate and Maintain Monitoring Systems (e.g., continuous monitoring)

C.1 Events of interest

C.2 Logging

C.3 Source systems

D. Analyze Monitoring Results

D.1 Security analytics, metrics, and trends (e.g., baseline)

D.2 Visualization

D.3 Event data analysis (e.g., log, packet dump, machine data)

D.4 Communicate findings

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4) INCIDENT RESPONSE AND RECOVERY

Overview

History has shown that, in spite of our best efforts, security incidents can and will happen and

yet incidence response and recovery is often one area of information security that is not

adequately addressed. Security practitioners, and organizations in general, must place equal

or greater emphasis on incident response plans and procedures over the preventative

measures employed to circumvent them. The long term survivability of the enterprise may well

depend on it. Moreover, the Security Practitioner is the individual most often found at the

forefront of any security incident.

The incident response and recovery domain tests the SSCP candidate on their ability to properly

implement and exercise incident handling processes and procedures that provide for a rapid,

consistent and methodological approach to addressing security incidents. Candidates will be

tested on the various aspects of incident handling including discovery, escalation, reporting,

response and prevention.

Because security practitioners are often responsible for or most closely associated with many

targets of security related incidents, their knowledge of and ability to support forensic

investigations cannot be underestimated. SSCP candidates will be tested on their ability to

support forensic investigations through identification, preservation, collection, examination,

analysis and presentation.

Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) provides a set of processes and procedures to be invoked in

the event of a disaster that may be either man-made or the result of an act of nature. The

disaster recovery plan typically includes emergency procedures, provisions for alternate

processing facilities, backup and redundancy procedures as well as plans for post-disaster

recovery.

Business continuity planning includes an analysis of potential threats and the criticality of

information systems and the organization’s tolerance for interruptions to normal business

operations. Processes and procedures are then developed which satisfy the resulting

requirements and minimize the impact of natural and man-made disasters on the organization.

The security practitioner plays a key role in the development, implementation, maintenance

and testing of both disaster recovery and business continuity plans and the SSCP candidate will

be tested on both.

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A. Participate in Incident Handling

A.1 Discovery A.2 Escalation A.3 Reporting and feedback loops (lessons learned) A.4 Incident response A.5 Implementation of countermeasures

B. Understand and support forensic investigations (e.g., first responder, evidence

handling, chain of custody, preservation of scene)

C. Understand and Support Business Continuity Plan (BCP) and Disaster

Recovery Plan (DRP)

C.1

Emergency response plans and procedures (e.g., information system

contingency plan) C.2 Interim or alternate processing strategies C.3 Restoration planning C.4 Backup and redundancy implementation C.5 Testing and drills

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5) CRYPTOGRAPHY

Overview The cryptography domain encompasses the protection of information, both while in motion

and at rest, by altering that information to ensure its integrity, confidentiality and authenticity.

The SSCP candidate will be tested on their understanding of fundamental cryptographic

concepts and the requirements for its use.

Candidates must understand common cryptographic concepts, methodologies and

technologies including hashing, salting, symmetric/asymmetric encryption and digital

signatures. The concept of non-repudiation as well as the tools and techniques used to

achieve it will be covered.

SSCP candidates must understand the legal and regulatory requirements and limitations with

regard to the use cryptography and cryptographic systems. They must have a thorough

understanding of secure protocols and participate in end user training.

The security practitioner is expected to be capable of implementing and operating

cryptographic systems and will be tested on their general knowledge of key management

concepts, public key infrastructure, administration and validation, web of trust, and on the

implementation and use of secure protocols.


A. Understand and Apply Fundamental Concepts of Cryptography

A.1 Hashing A.2 Salting A.3 Symmetric/asymmetric encryption A.4 Digital signatures A.5 Non-repudiation

B. Understand Requirements for Cryptography (e.g., data sensitivity, regulatory

requirements, end-user training)

C. Understand and Support Secure Protocols (e.g., differences in

implementation, appropriate use)

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D. Operate and implement cryptographic systems

D.1

Fundamental key management concepts (e.g., key rotation, key

composition, cryptographic attacks) D.2 Public key infrastructure

D.3 Administration and validation (e.g., key creation, exchange, revocation,

escrow) D.4 Web of Trust (e.g., PGP) D.5 Implementation of secure protocols (e.g., IPSec, SSL/TLS, S/MIME)

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6) NETWORK AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY

Overview

The network and communications security domain encompasses the network architecture,

transmission methods, transport formats, control devices, and the security measures used to

maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information so transmitted over both

private and public communication networks.

A Security Practitioner cannot expect to manage the security of a network or an enterprise

without a strong knowledge of network fundamentals including network topologies, the TCP/IP

protocol suite, the OSI and TCP models, IP addressing, switching and routing, and the domain

name system (DNS). The SSCP candidate’s knowledge in these areas will be directly tested and

is also a prerequisite for more advanced topics in this and other domains.

Additionally, the candidate is expected to have a thorough understanding of network access

control in general and remote access in particular. Logical and physical segmentation of

networks and encryption is used extensively in securing network communications and the

Security Practitioner must have a thorough understanding of each.

It is only with these fundamentals in place that the Security Practitioner can move on to the

business of configuring and securing networks. Advanced topics in this domain include, router

and switch operation and configuration, firewalls and proxies, wireless technologies and WAN

optimization. The candidate will be tested in all of these and other areas. The Practitioner must

be able to not only operate and configure these devices in securing the enterprise, but to

secure the devices themselves from attack as well.


A. Understand Security Issues Related to Networks

A.1 OSI and TCP/IP models A.2 Network topographies and relationships (e.g., ring, star, bus, mesh, tree) A.3 Commonly used ports and protocols

B. Protect Telecommunications Technologies

B.1 Converged communications B.2 Attacks and countermeasures

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C. Control Network Access

C.1 Access control and monitoring (e.g., NAC, remediation, quarantine, admission)

C.2 Access control standards and protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.1X, Radius, TACACS)

C.3

Remote access operation and configuration (e.g., thin client, SSL VPN, IPSec

VPN, telework)

C.4 Attacks and countermeasures

D. Manage LAN-based security

D.1 Separation of data plane and control plane D.2 Segmentation (e.g., VLAN, ACLs) D.3 Secure device management

E. Operate and Configure Network-Based Security Devices

E.1 Firewalls and proxies E.2 Network intrusion detection/prevention systems

E.3 Routers and switches

E.4 Traffic-shaping devices (e.g., WAN optimization)

F. Implement and Operate Wireless Technologies

F.1 Transmission security (e.g., WPA, WPA2/802.11i, AES, TKIP) F.2 Wireless security devices (e.g., dedicated/integrated WIPS, WIDS)

F.3 Attacks and countermeasures (e.g., management protocols)

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7) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATION SECURITY

Overview

The Security Practitioner often plays a pivotal role in protecting the enterprise against malicious

code and activity, particularly as it relates to end point security. Consequently, the SSCP

candidate is expected to be well versed in common attack vectors and associated counter

measures. The nature of endpoints is itself continuously changing with the proliferation of

mobile devices and remote users and the Security Practitioner must be equipped to manage

and secure all manner of devices deployed in almost any environment.

Rapid advances in virtualization technology coupled with shared storage and its widespread

adoption has radically transformed the information technology landscape. Organizations now

benefit from the more efficient use of resources, scalability, and portability that virtualization

provides but are also challenged by new virtualization-specific attack vectors and the security

concerns inherent in this new landscape. The SSCP candidate must have a solid understanding

and working knowledge of virtualization technologies and of the security benefits and

challenges that they present.

The past several years has seen extraordinary growth in the area of Cloud Computing fueled, at

least in part, by the advances in virtualization and storage technologies discussed above.

Cloud Computing offers subscribers almost unlimited possibilities but also presents some

formidable challenges with regard to information security. The Security Practitioner must have a

thorough knowledge of cloud concepts and the security implications of outsourced IT in

general.

Technological advances in our ability to collect and store information, both structured and

unstructured, has given rise to data sets so large that they are not easily managed. The

information that can be derived from such massive data sets is impressive. The tools required to

secure, store and process this information must be equally impressive. The SSCP candidate

should be familiar with big data systems and the security issues associated with them.


A. Identify and Analyze Malicious Code and Activity

A.1 Malicious code (e.g., malware)

A.2 Malicious code countermeasures (e.g., scanners, anti-malware, code signing,

sandboxing)

A.3 Malicious activity (e.g., social engineering, insider threat, data theft, DDoS,

spoofing, phishing, pharming, spam, Botnet)

A.4

Malicious activity countermeasures (e.g., user awareness, system hardening,

patching, sandboxing)

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B. Implement and Operate Endpoint Device Security (e.g., virtualization, thin clients,

thick clients, USB devices)

B.1 HIDS B.2 Host-based firewalls B.3 Application white listing B.4 Endpoint encryption

B.5 Trusted platform module B.6 Mobile device management (e.g., COPE, BYOD, telework) B.7 Secure browsing (e.g., sandbox)

C. Operate and Configure Cloud Security

C.1 Operation models (e.g., public, private, hybrid) C.2 Service models (e.g., DNS, email, proxy, VPN) C.3 Virtualization (e.g., hypervisor)

C.4 Legal and privacy concerns (e.g., surveillance, data ownership, jurisdiction,

eDiscovery) C.5 Data storage and transmission (e.g., archiving, recovery, resilience)

C.6 Third-party/outsourcing requirements (e.g., SLA, data portability, data

destruction, auditing)

D. Secure Big Data Systems

D.1 Application vulnerabilities

D.2 Architecture or design vulnerabilities

E. Operate and Secure Virtual Environments

E.1 Software-defined networking

E.2 Hypervisor

E.3 Virtual appliances

E.4 Continuity and resilience

E.5 Attacks and countermeasures

E.6 Shared storage

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REFERENCES

The SSCP exam is based on a common body of knowledge that is recognized internationally

and the exam content is based on a job task analysis conducted as recommended by

ISO/IEC/ANSI 17024 standards. Questions included in the examination are developed by item

writers who are subject matter experts in the field from information gained through their

practical experience. Such information is validated against reference materials including (ISC)

²’s own common body of knowledge, textbooks, articles, standards and regulations. The

following supplemental reference list is not intended to be all inclusive and (ISC) ² makes no

assertion that the use of this list or knowledge of the subject matter within will result in the

successful completion of the examination. Nor does (ISC) ² endorse any particular text or

author. Candidates are encouraged to supplement their education and experience by

reviewing relevant resources that pertain to common body of knowledge and finding

information for areas in which they find themselves to be deficient.

Domain Supplementary Reference

Access Controls

Bertino, E., K. Takahashi, (2011). Identity Management: Concepts,

Technologies, and Systems (Information Security and Privacy)

Birch, D., et al (2007). Digital Identity Management:

Technological, Business and Social Implications

Chin, S-K., S.B. Older, (2010). Access Control, Security, and Trust: A

Logical Approach

Ferraiolo, D.F., D.R. Kuhn, R. Chandramouli, (2007). Role-Based

Access Control, (2nd Edition)

Garman, J., (2003). Kerberos: The Definitive Guide

Henrici, D., (20080). RFID Security and Privacy: Concepts,

Protocols, and Architectures

Links, C.L., (2008). IAM Success Tips (Volumes 1-3)

Moskowitz, J., (2014). Group Policy: Fundamentals, Security, and

the Managed Desktop (2nd Edition)

Newman, R., (2009). Security and Access Control Using Biometric

Technologies: Application, Technology, and Management

Rankl, W., W. Effing, (2010). Smart Card Handbook (4th Edition)

Roebuck, K., (2011). Security Tokens: High-impact Strategies -

What You Need to Know: Definitions, Adoptions, Impact, Benefits,

Maturity, Vendors

Smith, R.E., (2001). Authentication: From Passwords to Public Keys

Vacca, J.R., (2007). Biometric Technologies and Verification

Systems

Security Operations &

Administration

(ISC)2, Code of Ethics (https://www.isc2.org/ethics/default.aspx)

Aiello, R., (2010). Configuration Management Best Practices:

Practical Methods that Work in the Real World

Bacik, S., (2008). Building an Effective Information Security Policy

Architecture

https://www.isc2.org/ethics/default.aspx

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Security Operations &

Administration

(Continued)

Bosworth, S., M. E. Kabay, E. Whyne, (2014). Computer Security

Handbook (6th Edition)

Calder, A., S. Watkins, (2012). IT Governance: A Manager's Guide

to Data Security and ISO 27001/ISO 27002 (5th Edition)

Cole, E., (2009). Network Security Bible (2nd Edition)

Frisch, Æleen, (2002). Essential System Administration, (3rd Edition)

Gordon, Hernandez, (2015). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the SSCP CBK,

(3rd Edition)

Herold, R., (2010). Managing an Information Security and Privacy

Awareness and Training Program, (2nd Edition)

Johnson, M., (2011). It Asset Management: What you Need to

Know For It Operations Management

Ladley, J., (2010). Making Enterprise Information Management

(EIM) Work for Business: A Guide to Understanding Information as

an Asset

Roper, C., L. Fischer, J.A. Grau, (2005). Security Education,

Awareness and Training: SEAT from Theory to Practice

W Higaki, Y. Higaki, (2010). Successful Common Criteria

Evaluations: A Practical Guide for Vendors

Risk Identification,

Monitoring, and

Analysis

Ali, S., T. Heriyanto, (2011). BackTrack 4: Assuring Security by

Penetration Testing

Andrews, M., J.A. Whittaker, (2006). How to Break Web Software:

Functional and Security Testing of Web Applications and Web

Services

Babbin, J., D. Kleiman, E.F. Carter Jr., J. Faircloth, (2006). Security

Log Management: Identifying Patterns in the Chaos

Bejtlich, R., (2004). The Tao of Network Security Monitoring:

Beyond Intrusion Detection

Carter, E., J. Hogue, (2006). Intrusion Prevention Fundamentals

Foreman, P., (2009). Vulnerability Management

Fry, C., M. Nystrom, (2009). Security Monitoring: Proven Methods

for Incident Detection on Enterprise Networks

Hope, P. B. Walther, (2008). Web Security Testing Cookbook:

Systematic Techniques to Find Problems Fast

Kent, K., M. Souppaya, (2006). NIST Special Publication 800-92,

Guide to Computer Security Log Management

Kouns, J., (2010). Information Technology Risk Management in

Enterprise Environments: A Review of Industry Practices and a

Practical Guide to Risk Management Team

Kruegel, C., F. Valeur, G. Vigna, (2010). Intrusion Detection and

Correlation: Challenges and Solutions (2010 Edition)

Landoll, D., (2011). The Security Risk Assessment Handbook: A

Complete Guide for Performing Security Risk Assessments, (2nd

Edition)

Maier, P.Q., (2006). Audit and Trace Log Management:

Consolidation and Analysis

NIST, (2010). Guide for Applying the Risk Management Framework

to Federal Information Systems A Security Life Cycle Approach

(NIST Special Publication 800-37, Revision 1)

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Risk Identification,

Monitoring, and

Analysis

(Continued)

Provos, N., T. Holz, (2007). Virtual Honeypots: From Botnet Tracking

to Intrusion Detection

Thomas L. Norman, T.L., (2009). Risk Analysis and Security

Countermeasure Selection

Tipton, H.F., M.K. Nozaki, (2011). Information Security

Management Handbook (6th Edition)

Trost, R., (2009). Practical Intrusion Analysis: Prevention and

Detection for the Twenty-First Century

Wheeler, E., (2011). Security Risk Management: Building an

Information Security Risk Management Program from the Ground

Up

Incident Response and

Recovery

Barrett, D., G. Kipper, (2010). Virtualization and Forensics: A Digital

Forensic Investigator's Guide to Virtual Environments

Bowman, R.H., (2008). Business Continuity Planning for Data

Centers and Systems: A Strategic Implementation Guide

Carrier, B., (2005). File System Forensic Analysis

Casey, E., (2011). Digital Evidence and Computer Crime,

Forensic Science, Computers, and the Internet, (3rd Edition)

Hiles, A., P., (2010). The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity

Management, (3rd Edition)

Nolan, R., C. O’Sullivan, J. Branson, C. Waits, (2005). First

Responders Guide to Computer Forensics CMU/SEI-2005-HB-001

Photopoulos, C., (2008). Managing Catastrophic Loss of Sensitive

Data: A Guide for IT and Security Professionals

Rajnovic, D., (2010). Computer Incident Response and Product

Security

Schmidt, K., (2006). High Availability and Disaster Recovery:

Concepts, Design, Implementation

Snedaker, S., (2007). Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery

Planning for IT Professionals

Toigo, J.W., (2002). Disaster Recovery Planning: Preparing for the

Unthinkable, (3rd Edition)

Cryptography

Adams, C., S. Lloyd, (2002). Understanding PKI: Concepts,

Standards, and Deployment Considerations (2nd Edition)

D. Hankerson, A.J. Menezes, S. Vanstone, (2004). Guide to Elliptic

Curve Cryptography

Davies, J. (2011). Implementing SSL/TLS Using Cryptography and

PKI

Doraswamy, N., (2003). IPSec, (2nd Edition)

Feghhi, J., P. Williams, (1998). Digital Certificates: Applied Internet

Security

Ghosh, A.K., (1998). E-Commerce Security: Weak Links, Best

Defenses

Karamanian, A., S. Tenneti, (2011). PKI Uncovered: Certificate-

Based Security Solutions for Next-Generation Networks

Kenan, K., (2005). Cryptography in the Database: The Last Line of

Defense

23




Cryptography

(Continued)

Menezes, A.J., P. van Oorschot, S. Vanstone, (1996). Handbook of

Applied Cryptography

Nash, A., B. Duane, D. Brink, C. Joseph, (2001). PKI: Implementing

& Managing E-Security

Paar, C., Pelzl, J., (2010). Understanding Cryptography: A

Textbook for Students and Practitioners

Schneier, B., (1996). Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms,

and Source Code in C (2nd Edition)

Stallings, W., (2013). Cryptography and Network Security:

Principles and Practice, (6th Edition)

Turner, S., R. Housley, (2008). Implementing Email and Security

Tokens: Current Standards, Tools, and Practices

Network and

Communications

Security

Biswas, K., Md. L. Ali, R. Sultana, (2011). Security Issues in Wireless

Technologies:: Bluetooth, MANET and WiMAX

Boudriga, N., (2009). Security of Mobile Communications

Cache, J., J. Wright, V. Liu, (2010). Hacking Exposed Wireless, (2nd

Edition)

Cheswick, W.R., S.M. Bellovin, A.D. Rubin, (2003). Firewalls and

Internet Security: Repelling the Wily Hacker, (2nd Edition)

Daniel V. Hoffman, D.V., (2008). Implementing NAP and NAC

Security Technologies: The Complete Guide to Network Access

Control

Erickson, J., (2008). Hacking: The Art of Exploitation, (2nd Edition)

Hogg, S., E. Vyncke (2008). IPv6 Security

Kaeo, M., (2003). Designing Network Security, (2nd Edition)

Luotonen, A., (1997). Web Proxy Servers

McCabe, J.D., (2007). Network Analysis, Architecture, and Design,

(3rd Edition)

Mcclure, S., Scambray, J., (2012). Hacking Exposed: Network

Security Secrets, (7th Edition)

Nam-Kee, T., (2003). Building VPNs: with IPSec and MPLS

Noonan, W. I. Dubrawsky, (2006). Firewall Fundamentals

Oppenheimer, P., (2010). Top-Down Network Design, (3rd Edition)

Porter, T., J. Kanclirz, B. Baskin, (2006). Practical VoIP Security

Prowell, S., R.Kraus, M. Borkin, (2010). Seven Deadliest Network

Attacks

Rescorla, E. (2000). SSL and TLS: Designing and Building Secure

Systems

Ristic, I., (2010). ModSecurity Handbook

Santos, O., (2007). End-to-End Network Security: Defense-in-Depth

Steinberg, J., T. Speed, (2005). SSL VPN : Understanding,

Evaluating and Planning Secure, Web-based Remote Access: A

Comprehensive Overview of SSL VPN Technologies and Design

Strategies

Stevens, W.R., G.R. Wright, (2001). TCP/IP Illustrated (3 Volume Set)

Thermos, P., A. Takanen, (2007). Securing VoIP Networks: Threats,

Vulnerabilities, and Countermeasures

Wetteroth, D., (2001). OSI Reference Model for

Telecommunications

24




Systems and

Application Security

Blunden, B., (2009). The Rootkit Arsenal: Escape and Evasion in the

Dark Corners of the System

Buffington, J., (2010). Data Protection for Virtual Data Centers

Carlos Serrao, C., V. Aguilera, F. Cerullo, (2010). Web Application

Security: Iberic Web Application Security Conference

Clarke, J., et al, (2009). SQL Injection Attacks and Defense, (2nd

Edition)

Cloud Security Alliance, (2011). Security Guidance For Critical

Areas Of Focus In Cloud Computing V3.0

Davis, M., S. Bodmer, A. LeMasters, (2014). Hacking Exposed:

Malware & Rootkits Secrets & Solutions, (2nd Edition)

Dwivedi, H., Clark, C., Thiel, D., (2010). Mobile Application Security

Garfinkel, S., G. Spafford, A. Schwartz, (2003). Practical Unix &

Internet Security, (3rd Edition)

Grimes, R.A., (2001). Malicious Mobile Code: Virus Protection for

Windows

Hadnagy, C., (2010). Social Engineering: The Art of Human

Hacking

Hoglund, G., J. Bulter, (2005). Rootkits: Subverting the Windows

Kernel

Hope, P., B. Walther, (2008). Web Security Testing Cookbook:

Systematic Techniques to Find Problems Fast

Kadrich, M., (2007). Endpoint Security

Ligh, M., S. Adair, B. Hartstein, M. Richard, (2010). Malware

Analyst's Cookbook and DVD: Tools and Techniques for Fighting

Malicious Code

Malin, C.H., E. Casey, J.M. Aquilina, (2008). Malware Forensics:

Investigating and Analyzing Malicious Code

Mather, T., S. Kumaraswamy, S. Latif, (2009). Cloud Security and

Privacy : An Enterprise Perspective on Risks and Compliance

(Theory in Practice)

McGraw, G., G. Hoglund, (2004). Exploiting Software: How to

Break Code

Pfleeger, C.P., S.L. Pfleeger, (2006). Security in Computing, (4th

Edition)

Salomon, D., (2005). Foundations of Computer Security

Skoudis, E. L. Zeltser, (2003). Malware: Fighting Malicious Code

Stuttard, D., M. Pinto, (2011). The Web Application Hacker's

Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Flaws, (2nd Edition)

25




SAMPLE EXAM QUESTIONS

1. When properly installed, which type of card/badge reader is MOST tamper resistant?

(A) Card swipe device

(B) Optical reader

(C) Proximity reader

(D) Card insertion device

Answer: C

________________________________________________________________

2. Which one of the following describes how a polymorphic virus attempts to hide from

antivirus software?

(A) By repeatedly changing the boot record of the host disk

(B) By changing the routines that encrypt the body of the virus

(C) By directly attacking the antivirus software

(D) By directly attaching itself to an email

Answer: B

________________________________________________________________

3. Which one of the following is a technique used to prevent inference violations by

allowing different versions of the same information item to exist at different classification

levels?

(A) Appropriate labeling

(B) Query restriction

(C) Auditing

(D) Polyinstantiation

Answer: D ________________________________________________________________

26




GENERAL EXAMINATION INFORMATION

Computer Based Test (CBT)

Registering for the Exam

Process for Registration Overview

This section describes procedures for candidates registering to sit for a Computer Based Test

(CBT). The test is administered at Pearson VUE Testing centers in the US, Canada, and other

parts of the world.

1. Go to www.pearsonvue.com/isc2 to register for a test appointment.

2. Select the most convenient test center

3. Select an appointment time.

4. Pay for your exam appointment.

5. Receive confirmation from Pearson VUE with the appointment details, test center

location and other relevant instructions, if any.

Please note that your registration information will be transferred to (ISC)² and all

communication about the testing process from (ISC)² and Pearson VUE will be sent to you via

email.

Fees Please visit the (ISC)² website https://www.isc2.org/certification-register-now.aspx for the most

current examination registration fees.

U.S. Government Veteran’s Administration G.I. Bill

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs has approved reimbursement to veterans under the G.I.

Bill for the cost of the Certified Information System Security Professional (CISSP), the CISSP

Concentrations (ISSAP, ISSEP, ISSMP), the Certification and Accreditation Professional (CAP), and

the System Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) examinations. Please refer to the U.S.

Department of Veterans Affairs Website at www.va.gov for more details.

CBT Demonstration

Candidates can experience a demonstration and tutorial of the CBT experience

on our Pearson VUE web page. The tutorial may be found at

www.pearsonvue.com/isc2.

http://www.pearsonvue.com/isc2

https://www.isc2.org/certification-register-now.aspx

http://www.pearsonvue.com/isc2/

27




Scheduling a Test Appointment

Process for Registration Overview

Candidates may register for a testing appointment directly with Pearson VUE (

www.pearsonvue.com/isc2 ). Candidates who do not pass the test will be subject to the retake

policy and must wait the applicable time before they are allowed to re-sit for the examination.

Exam Appointment

Test centers may fill up quickly because of high volume and previously scheduled special

events. Pearson VUE testing centers also serve candidates from other entities; thus waiting to

schedule the testing appointment may significantly limit the options for candidate’s desired

testing dates at the closest center available.

Scheduling for a Testing Appointment

Candidates may schedule their appointment online at (ISC)² CBT Website located at

www.pearsonvue.com/isc2. Candidates will be required to create a Pearson VUE account in

order to complete registration. Candidates profile will be transferred to (ISC)² and becomes

part of the candidate’s permanent record. Candidates will be able to locate test centers and

select from a choice of available examination appointment times at the Pearson VUE website.

Candidates may also register over the telephone with a CBT registration specialist. Please refer

to ‘Contact Information’ for local telephone numbers for your region.

Rescheduling or Cancellation of a Testing Appointment

If you wish to reschedule or cancel your exam appointment, you must contact Pearson VUE at

least 48 hours before the exam date by contacting Pearson VUE online

(www.pearsonvue.com/isc2), OR at least 24 hours prior to exam appointment time by

contacting Pearson VUE over the phone. Canceling or rescheduling an exam appointment less

than 24 hours via phone notification, or less than 48 hours via online notification is subject to a

forfeit of exam fees. Exam fees are also forfeited for no-shows. Please note that Pearson VUE charges a 50 USD/35 £/40 € fee for reschedules, and 100 USD/70 £/80 € fee for cancellations.

Reschedules and cancellations may be done at the (ISC)² CBT Candidate Website

(www.pearsonvue.com/isc2) or via telephone. Please refer to ‘Contact Information’ for more

information and local telephone numbers for your region.


http://www6.pearsonvue.com/isc2/


http://www6.pearsonvue.com/isc2/

28




Late Arrivals or No Shows

If the candidate does not arrive within 15 minutes of the scheduled exam starting time, he or

she has technically forfeited his or her assigned seat.

If the candidate arrives late (after 15 minutes of his/her scheduled appointment), it is up to the

discretion of the testing center as to whether or not the candidate may still take the exam. If the

test administrator at the testing location is able to accommodate a late arriving candidate,

without affecting subsequent candidates’ appointments, he/she will let the candidate to sit for

the exam and launch his/her exam.

Any/all attempts are made to accommodate candidates who arrive late. However, if the

schedule is such that the test center is not able to accommodate a late arrival, the candidate

will be turned away and his/her exam fees will be forfeited.

If a candidate fails to appear for a testing appointment, the test result will appear in the system

as a No-Show and the candidate’s exam fees will be forfeited.

Procedure for Requesting Special Accommodations

Pearson VUE Professional Centers can accommodate a variety of candidates’ needs, as they

are fully compliant with the Americans with Disability Act (ADA), and the equivalent

requirements in other countries.

Requests for accommodations should be made to (ISC)² in advance of the desired testing

appointment. Once (ISC)² grants the accommodations request, the candidate may schedule

the testing appointment using Pearson VUE’s special accommodations number. From there, a

Pearson VUE coordinator will handle all of the arrangements.

PLEASE NOTE: Candidates that request special accommodations should not schedule their

appointment online or call the main CBT registration line.

29




What to Bring to the Test Center

Proper Identification

(ISC)² requires two forms of identification, a primary and a secondary, when checking in for a

CBT test appointment at a Pearson VUE Test Center. All candidate identification documents

must be valid (not expired) and must be an original document (not a photocopy or a fax).

Primary IDs: Must contain a permanently affixed photo of the candidate, along with the

candidate’s signature.

Secondary IDs: Must have the candidate’s signature.

Accepted Primary ID (photograph and signature, not expired)

Government issued Driver’s License or Identification Card

U.S. Dept of State Drivers License

U.S. Learner’s Permit (card only with photo and signature)

National/State/Country Identification Card

Passport

Passport Cards

Military ID

Military ID for spouses and dependents

Alien Registration Card (Green Card, Permanent Resident Visa)

Government Issued local language ID (plastic card with photo and signature

Employee ID

School ID

Credit Card* (A credit card can be used as a primary form of ID only if it contains both

a photo and a signature and is not expired. Any credit card can be used as a

secondary form of ID, as long as it contains a signature and is not expired. This includes

major credit cards, such as VISA, MasterCard, American Express and Discover. It also

includes department store and gasoline credit cards.

Accepted Secondary ID (contains signature, not expired)

U.S. Social Security Card

Debit/(ATM) Card

Credit Cards

Any form of ID on the primary list

30




Name Matching Policy

Candidate’s first and last name on the presented identification document must exactly match

the first and last name on the registration record with Pearson VUE. If the name the candidate

has registered with does not match the name on the identification document, proof of legal

name change must be brought to the test center on the day of the test. The only acceptable

forms of legal documentation are marriage licenses, divorce decrees, or court sanctioned legal

name change documents. All documents presented at the test center must be original

documents. If a mistake is made with a name during the application process, candidates

should contact (ISC)² to correct the information well in advance of the actual test date. Name

changes cannot be made at the test center or on the day of the exam. Candidates who do

not meet the requirements presented in the name matching policy on the day of the test may

be subject to forfeiture of testing fees and asked to leave the testing center.

Examination Agreement and Non-Disclosure Agreement All candidates must agree to the terms listed in (ISC)2’s Examination Agreement. The

agreement is located at

https://www.isc2.org/uploadedfiles/education/cbt%20examination%20agreement.pdf.

Prior to starting the exam, all candidates are also required to accept the (ISC)² non-disclosure

agreement (NDA), and are required in the computer to accept the agreement prior to being

presented with exam questions. If the NDA is not accepted by the candidate, or refused to

accept within the time allotted, the exam will end, and the candidate will be asked to leave

the test center. No refund of exam fees will be given. For this reason, all candidates are strongly

encouraged to review the non-disclosure agreement prior to scheduling for, or taking the

exam. The agreement is located at www.pearsonvue.com/isc2/isc2_nda.pdf.

Check-In Process

Plan to arrive at the Pearson VUE testing center at least 30 minutes before the scheduled testing

time. If you arrive more than 15 minutes late to your scheduled appointment, you may lose your

examination appointment. For checking-in:

You will be required to present two acceptable forms of identification.

You will be asked to provide your signature, submit to a palm vein scan, and have

your photograph taken. Hats, scarves and coats may not be worn in the testing room,

or while your photograph is being taken.

You will be required to leave your personal belongings outside the testing room.

Secure storage will be provided. Storage space is small, so candidates should plan

appropriately. Pearson Professional Centers assume no responsibility for candidates’

personal belongings.

The Test Administrator (TA) will give you a short orientation, and then will escort you to

a computer terminal. You must remain in your seat during the examination, except

https://www.isc2.org/uploadedfiles/education/cbt%20examination%20agreement.pdf

http://www.pearsonvue.com/isc2/isc2_nda.pdf

31




when authorized to leave by test center staff. You may not change your computer

terminal unless a TA directs you to do so.

Raise your hand to notify the TA if you

• believe you have a problem with your computer.

• need to change note boards.

• need to take a break.

• need the administrator for any reason.

Breaks

You will have up to six hours to complete the CISSP, and up to four hours to complete the CSSLP

and CCFP up to three hours to complete the following examinations:

SSCP

CAP

HCISPP

ISSAP

ISSEP

ISSMP

Total examination time includes any unscheduled breaks you may take. All breaks count

against your testing time. You must leave the testing room during your break, but you may not

leave the building or access any personal belongings unless absolutely necessary (e.g. for

retrieving medication). Additionally, when you take a break, you will be required to submit to a

palm vein scan before and after your break.

Examination Format and Scoring

The CISSP® examination consists of 250 multiple choice questions with four (4) choices

each.

The CSSLP® examination consists of 175 multiple choice questions with four (4) choices

each.

The HCISPP examination contains 125 multiple choice questions with four (4) choices

each.

The CCFP examination contains 125 multiple choice questions with four (4) choices each.

The SSCP® examination contains 125 multiple choice questions with four (4) choices

each.

The ISSAP®, ISSEP®, and ISSMP® concentration examinations contain 125, 150, 125

multiple choice questions respectively with four (4) choices each.

The Certified Authorization Professional (CAP®) examination contains 125 multiple choice

questions with four (4) choices each. Also, administered in computers.

32




There may be scenario-based items which may have more than one multiple choice

question associated with it. These items will be specifically identified in the test booklet.

Each of these exams contains 25 questions which are included for research purposes only.

The research questions are not identified; therefore, answer all questions to the best of your

ability. There is no penalty for guessing, so candidates should not leave any item unanswered.

Examination results will be based only on the scored questions on the examination. There

are several versions of the examination. It is important that each candidate have an

equal opportunity to pass the examination, no matter which version is administered. Subject

Matter Experts (SMEs) have provided input as to the difficulty level of all questions used in the

examinations. That information is used to develop examination forms that have comparable

difficulty levels. When there are differences in the examination difficulty, a mathematical

procedure called equating is used to make the difficulty level of each test form equal.

Because the number of questions required to pass the examination may be different for each

version, the scores are converted onto a reporting scale to ensure a common standard. The

passing grade required is a scale score of 700 out of a possible 1000 points on the grading

scale.

Technical Issues

On rare occasions, technical problems may require rescheduling of a candidate’s examination.

If circumstances arise causing you to wait more than 30 minutes after your scheduled

appointment time, or a restart delay lasts longer than 30 minutes, you will be given the choice

of continuing to wait, or rescheduling your appointment without an additional fee.

• If you choose to wait, but later change your mind at any time prior to beginning or

restarting the examination, you will be allowed to take exam at a later date, at

no additional cost.

• If you choose not to reschedule, but rather test after a delay, you will have no

further recourse, and your test results will be considered valid.

• If you choose to reschedule your appointment, or the problem causing the delay

cannot be resolved, you will be allowed to test at a later date at no additional

charge. Every attempt will be made to contact candidates if technical problems

are identified prior to a scheduled appointment.

Testing Environment

Pearson Professional Centers administer many types of examinations including some that

require written responses (essay-type). Pearson Professional Centers have no control over typing

noises made by candidates sitting next to you while writing their examination. Typing noise is

considered a normal part of the computerized testing environment, just as the noise of turning

pages is a normal part of the paper-and pencil testing environment. Earplugs are available

upon request.

33




When the Exam is Finished

After you have finished the examination, raise your hand to summon the TA. The TA will collect

and inventory all note boards. The TA will dismiss you when all requirements are fulfilled.

If you believe there was an irregularity in the administration of your test, or the associated test

conditions adversely affected the outcome of your examination, you should notify the TA

before you leave the test center.

Results Reporting

Candidates will receive their unofficial test result at the test center. The results will be handed

out by the Test Administrator during the checkout process. (ISC)² will then follow up with an

official result via email.

In some instances, real time results may not be available. A comprehensive statistical and

psychometric analysis of the score data is conducted during every testing cycle before scores

are released. A minimum number of candidates are required to take the exam before this

analysis can be completed. Depending upon the volume of test takers for a given cycle, there

may be occasions when scores are delayed for approximately 6-8 weeks in order to complete

this critical process. Results WILL NOT be released over the phone. They will be sent via email

from (ISC)² as soon as the scores are finalized. If you have any questions regarding this policy,

you should contact (ISC)² prior to your examination.

Exam Irregularities and Test Invalidation (ISC)2 exams are intended to be delivered under standardized conditions. If any irregularity or

fraud is encountered before, during, or after the administration of the exam, (ISC)2 will examine

the situation and determine whether action is warranted. If (ISC)2 determines that any testing

irregularity or fraud has occurred, it may choose not to score the answer documents of the

affected test taker(s), or it may choose to cancel the scores of the affected test taker(s).

(ISC)2 may at its sole discretion revoke any and all certifications a candidate may have earned

and ban the candidate from earning future (ISC)2 certifications, and decline to score or cancel

any Exam under any of the circumstances listed in the (ISC)2 Examination Agreement.

Please refer to the (ISC)2 Examination Agreement for further details

(https://www.isc2.org/uploadedfiles/education/cbt%20examination%20agreement.pdf).

https://www.isc2.org/uploadedfiles/education/cbt%20examination%20agreement.pdf

34




Retake Policy

Test takers who do not pass the exam the first time will be able to retest after 30 days. Test

takers that fail a second time will need to wait 90 days prior to sitting for the exam again. In the

unfortunate event that a candidate fails a third time, the next available time to sit for the exam

will be 180 days after the most recent exam attempt. Candidates are eligible to sit for (ISC)²

exams a maximum of 3 times within a calendar year.

Recertification by Examination

Candidates and members may recertify by examination for the following reasons ONLY;

The candidate has become decertified due to reaching the expiration of the time limit

for endorsement.

The member has become decertified for not meeting the number of required continuing

professional education credits.

Logo Usage Guidelines

(ISC)² is a non-profit membership organization identified as the leader in certifying individuals in

information security.

Candidates who successfully complete any of the (ISC)² certification requirements may use the

appropriate Certification Mark or the Collective Mark, where appropriate, and the logo

containing the Certification Mark or the Collective Mark, where appropriate (the “Logo”) to

identify themselves as having demonstrated the professional experience and requisite

knowledge in the realm of information system security. Please visit the following link (URL) for

more information on logo use:

https://www.isc2.org/uploadedfiles/(ISC)2_Public_Content/Legal _and

_Policies/LogoGuidleines.pdf

Any questions?

(ISC)2

Candidate Services

311 Park Place Blvd, Suite 400

Clearwater, FL 33759

Phone: 1.866.331.ISC2 (4722) in the United States

1.727.785.0189 all others

Fax: 1.727.683.0785

https://www.isc2.org/uploadedfiles/(ISC)2_Public_Content/Legal%20_and%20_Policies/LogoGuidleines.pdf

https://www.isc2.org/uploadedfiles/(ISC)2_Public_Content/Legal%20_and%20_Policies/LogoGuidleines.pdf

35




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