exam i study guide. explain parfocal inversion summarize the procedure for preparing a wet mount...
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Exam I
Study Guide
Explain
• Parfocal• Inversion• Summarize the procedure for preparing a wet
mount slide
Questions
• What is the function of tendons and ligaments?
• Name the enzyme that breaks down ATP during a muscle contraction.
• What is the function of red bone marrow?• What is the chemical composition of the
yellow bone marrow?
Nucleus
Organelles
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
a) A eukaryotic animal cell has a large nucleus and numerous small organelles. The cytoplasm is enclosed by a flexible plasma membrane.
Question
• Identify and label three structures of the animal cells
Question
• What appearance will red blood cells have when they are placed in the following solutions? Explain your answer in detail.
• Hypertonic• Isotonic• Hypotonic
Figure 5.12
Coxal bones and sacrum (pelvis)
Pubic symphysis
Femur (upper leg)Patella (knee cap)
Lower legTibia
Fibula
7 Tarsals (ankle)5 Metatarsals (foot)14 Phalanges (toe bones)
Identify these bones.
Identify the microscope parts.
Identify all the components of a long bone.
Figure 5.1a
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Spongy bone (spaces contain red bone marrow)
Compact bone
Yellow bonemarrow
Blood vessel
Periosteum
Central cavity(contains yellow bone marrow)
Epiphysis
a) A partial cut through a long bone.
Question
• Why do bone injuries heal faster than injuries to cartilage?
Identify the following muscles.
Figure 6.1a
Pectoralis major• Draws arm forward
and toward the body
Biceps brachii• Bends forearm at elbow
Rectus abdominus• Compresses abdomen• Bends backbone• Compresses chest cavity
Figure 6.1b
Deltoid• Raises arm
Trapezius• Lifts shoulder blade• Braces shoulder• Draws head back
Triceps brachi• Straightens forearm
at elbowLatissimus dorsi • Rotates and draws
arm backward andtoward body
Gluteus maximus• Extends thigh• Rotates thigh laterally
Gastrocnemius• Bends lower leg at
knee• Bends foot away from
knee
Name and identify the kissing and blinking muscles.
Question
• What are the two divisions of the skeletal System?
• Name four bones from each division.
Figure 5.5
Axial skeleton
Cranium (skull)MaxillaMandible
Sternum
Vertebrae
Sacrum
Appendicular skeleton
Clavicle
Humerus
UlnaRadiusCarpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Coxal bone
PatellaTibiaFibula
TarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges
Ribs
Scapula
Femur
Osteon:
Osteons
• The Osteon: label the osteocytes, lamellea, lacuna and canaliculi.
• Why is the central canal larger compared to the other components of bone tissue?
• Describe the appearance of the canaliculi and give their function.
Question
• Describe how an osteocyte located near a central canal can pass nutrients to osteocytes located far from the central canal.
Identify the following structures
• Sarcomere• Motor neuron• Sarcoplasmic reticulum• T-tubules• Actin and myosin
True ribs= 7False ribs= efloating = 2
Sternum(breastbone)
True Ribs
False ribs
Floating ribs
C7
T1
T11
T12
L1
L2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8910
11
12
Manubrium
Xiphoid process
Clavicle
Identify all the bones
Figure 5.11
Pectoral girdle
Clavicle(collar bone)
Scapula(shoulder blade)
Humerus(upper arm)
Ulna
Radius
Forearm
8 Carpals (wrist)5 Metacarpals (hand)
14 Phalanges (finger bones)
Identify all the bones.
Figure 5.6
Temporal bone
Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Maxilla
Zygomatic bonePalatine bone
Sphenoid bone
Foramen magnum
Occipital bone
Parietal bone
Occipitalbone
External auditorymeatus
Vomer bone
Identify the bones of the face and skull
Questions
• Each arm consists of humerus, ulna and radius. What joint connects these three bones?
• How many bones are in your body?• How many bones are in your left hand?
Question: Identify the male and female coxal bones?Identify the region of the coxal bones.
1. 2.
Lumbar Vertebrae(5)
Identify the following vertebrae
A._________ B.__________
Types of bones
1. humerus 2. patella 3. coxal 4. scapula
Identify the vertebrae
2.____________
1.____________