EWTOther Factors that Affect EWT

BARTLETT AND THE EFFECT OF RECONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY.

War of the Ghosts 1932. Anybody?

SCHEMAS

The role of schema. What are schemas, they are packets of

information that we build up about the world. # A mental structure that represents some

aspect of the world. # A structured cluster of pre-conceived

ideas. # An organized pattern of thought or

behavior. Structures which organize our knowledge and

assumptions about something and are used for interpreting and processing information.

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To be precise schema refers to an active organisation of past reactions, or of past experiences.

It was Bartett’s research that made us aware that we blend elements of our own knowledge and experience to make it more memorable.

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List (1986) applied the idea of schemas to a Shoplifting Scenario.

Aims. Procedures. Methodological issues. Ethical issues.

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So what are schemas. Quick task- Write down what is the first thing

to come in to your mind when you eat at a restaurant.

What your coming up with now is your Restaurant schema.

TUCKEY AND BREWER 2003 BANK ROBBERY SCHEMA.

Male Wear a disguise. Wear dark clothes. Demand money

from cashiers. Getaway car. That car has a driver

in it.

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Lindsay et al 2004. Read people accounts of a field trip to a

palace or a palace burglary. Next day shown a video burglary of museum. Who made more mistakes. Why? People read the account of palace burglary Because the memory for events distorted by

previous knowledge

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ANXIETY

Loftus (she is back) and Burns 1982. The one with the video and and the boy shot

in the face. Ps had significantly poorer recall for events

running up to the violent incidence.

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ANXIETY

Loftus 1979 Weapon effect.

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Christianson and Hubinette 1993 They suggest that real incidents with real

stress can be accurate detailed and long lasting.

They had 110 people who had witnessed between them 22 genuine bank robberies. Some bystanders some directly threatened by robbers

The victims who had been subject to greatest anxiety had more accurate recall.

AGE OF WITNESS

Children more willing to make a positive identification even if it is wrong.

Poole and lindsay (2001) What are the Aims Procedures Methodolgical issues Ethical issues with this study

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Flin et al. 1992 found that long delays effect the accuracy in young children.

Gordon et al (2001) found that children suscuptible to suggestion.

Old people also prone to errors in recall.

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CONSEQUENTIALITY

No serious consequences for Lab based studies.

Foster et al (1994) What did they find out?

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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

Some people more susceptible than others. According to Tomes and Katz (1997) these

people share certain characteristics. They generally have poorer recall for the

event. They score high on measures of imagery

vividness. They have high scores on measures of

empathy.

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PEOPLE WILL RESIST MISLEADING INFORMATION IF IT IS BLATANTLY WRONG

Loftus (1979) Red purse. All but two resisted it being called a brown purse.

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Outline and evaluate research into the effects of Anxiety on the accuracy of Eyewitness testimony. 12 Marks.