Class 16EWRT 1B

AGENDA

O Presentation: Terms

O Peer Revision: You must

have three copies of your

essay. If you do not, you

may leave now to print or

copy them.

O Author Introduction:

Charles Chesnutt

Terms for Exam 3

O Gay: Someone who is primarily or exclusively attracted to members of the same sex. In certain contexts, this term is used to refer only to those who identify as men.

O Heterosexual Privilege: Being able to kiss or hug your partner in public without threat or punishment; adopting or foster-parenting children; dating the person of your desire during your teen years; receiving validation from your religious community; receiving social acceptance.

O Homophobia: The irrational hatred and fear of lesbian and gay people that is produced by institutionalized biases in a society or culture.

O Institutional Oppression: Policies, laws, rules, norms and customs enacted by organizations and social institutions that disadvantage some social groups and advantage other social groups. These institutions include religion, government, education, law, the media, and health care system.

Intersex: An anatomical variation from typical understandings of male and

female genetics. The physical manifestation, at birth, of genetic or

endocrinological differences from the cultural norm. Also, a group of

medical conditions that challenge standard sex designations, proving that

sex, like gender, is a social construct. At least one in 2,000 children is born

with some degree of ambiguity regarding their primary and/or secondary

sex characteristics. In these cases, medical personnel cannot easily label

the child “boy” or “girl.” Most of these children receive cosmetic surgery

so that the child’s genitalia conform to societal and familial expectations

of “normalcy,” even thought such surgeries are not medically necessary

and can damage the child’s reproductive organs. The number of children

born with some degree of intersexuality is difficult to estimate. Intersex

and transgender people share some overlapping experiences and

perspectives, but the terms are not synonymous, and the issues are not the

same. Though intersexed people are opposed to the word “hermaphrodite”

because it is misleading and stigmatizing, it continues to be widely used in

the medical profession.

⥀ Male Privilege: Benefiting from the higher status of men and attributes

associated with men and masculinity within the larger culture.

⥀ Multiple Identities: The concept that a person’s identity does not rest

solely on one factor (e.g., sexual orientation, race, gender, etc.).

Therefore, no single element of one’s identity is necessarily dominant,

although certain identities can take precedence over others at certain

times.

⥀ Dialect: the language of a particular district, class, or group of persons.

It encompasses the sounds, grammar, and diction employed by a specific

people as distinguished from other persons either geographically or

socially. Dialect, as a major technique of characterization, is the use by

persons in a narrative of distinct varieties of language to indicate a

person’s social or geographical status, and is used by authors to give an

illusion of reality to fictional characters. It is sometimes used to

differentiate between characters.

Euphemism: the use of an indirect, mild, delicate, inoffensive, or vague

word or expression for one thought to be coarse, sordid, or otherwise

unpleasant, offensive, or blunt.

Hyperbole: obvious and deliberate exaggeration or an extravagant

statement. It is a figure of speech not intended to be taken literally since

it is exaggeration for the sake of emphasis. Hyperbole is a common

poetic and dramatic device.

Imagery: the forming of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things.

It is also the use of language to represent actions, persons, objects, and

ideas descriptively. This means encompassing the senses also, rather than

just forming a mental picture.

Metaphor: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to a

person, idea, or object to which it is not literally applicable. It is an

implied analogy or unstated comparison which imaginatively identifies

one thing with another.

Terms Exam 3

O Day: Class 18

O Format: matching, fill in the blank, multiple

choice, and definition writing.

O Number 25 to get 25.

Essay 3: Peer Revision

DayGroups of three are best.

1. Read for a first Impression

a. Each participant in the group will read his or

her essay aloud.

b. Follow along with the reader, briefly noting

paragraphs that are particularly convincing as

well as any that seem unclear or unsupported.

c. Write a one-sentence summary of the essay’s

thesis in the margin, near the thesis.

7. MLA Formatting: Make notes on the essay. Check the following:

The header and heading are correct

The essay is double-spaced throughout.

Book titles are italicized.

Essays, articles, and short stories are in quotation marks.

The first time the writer refers to the author or a character, he or

she uses both the first and last name: Leslie Feinberg; Jess

Goldberg. Later references to the author should be by last name.

References to the literature are in present tense.

In text citations are present and correct. Each citation is

introduced properly.

Commas and periods are INSIDE of quotation marks UNLESS

they are after the parenthetical.

A Works Cited page is present and entries are correctly

formatted.

There is an original title to the work.

OReaders: when you finish,

return the draft and the

completed rubric to the

writer.

OWriters: read the comments

and revise your essay

accordingly.

OCharles W.

Chesnutt

O1858-1932

Chesnutt was born in 1858, in Cleveland, Ohio, to free parents of mixed racial heritage.

An excellent student, Chesnutt began teaching at the age of fourteen. He took over as

principal of the school 1880.

Chesnutt studied incessantly, learning several languages and shorthand. In New York

City, he worked briefly as a reporter. In 1883 Chesnutt moved his family to Cleveland,

Ohio. There he worked as a clerk with a railway company, and also as a stenographer.

Chesnutt used this job as an opportunity to study law, and he passed the Ohio bar exams

with the highest marks in his class in 1887. At the same time, Chesnutt built his own

lucrative business.

Although he was light skinned enough to be accepted in white society, Chesnutt never

denied his black ancestry and furthermore was unwilling to accept the elitism of the

rising black and mulatto middle class that was then becoming established in the North.

Early in the 1880s Chesnutt began to write short stories and, later, novels. Well-

received at first, Chesnutt's works were later criticized for overt didacticism and the use

of socially controversial themes. Though he continued to write throughout his life,

finding a publisher became increasingly difficult. Chesnutt died on November 15, 1932.

Chesnutt was one of the first black Americans to receive critical and popular

attention from the predominantly white literary establishment and readership of his

day, and he was among the first black writers to be published by a major American

magazine and publishing house.

Chesnutt wrote during a time when many of the hopes raised by emancipation and

the Civil War were dispelled as white supremacy was reasserted in the South, and

blacks were consigned to a second class citizenship not demonstrably better than

they had faced as slaves.

His writings about slavery and mulattos living on the “color line” conveyed

implicit denunciations of slavery while appealing to readers of Plantation School

fiction—work by white authors who wrote nostalgically of the antebellum South.

Chesnutt's short stories were applauded for bringing to readers a deeper

understanding of racial issues. Criticism intensified as he dealt with issues

considered sensitive and controversial for his time, such as miscegenation. He is

recognized and honored as an inaugural American author who sought to probe the

black experience through realist fiction.

HomeworkO Write: Revise Essay 3

O Submit essay #3 through Kaizena before Friday, week 9, at noon.

O Study: Vocab/terms for Exam 3

O Read:

O “The Passing of Grandison” Chesnutt

O Helen Lock’s "Transformation of the Trickster." A link to the article is posted on our webpage.

O Post #19: Based on the essay "Transformation of the Trickster," identify traits of the trickster you may have noted in “Grandison” Include cited references to the text.