Developing bicycle culture in a city prioritizing automobiles

A case study with attitude-based analysis of the city of Gliwice, Poland

Ewa Lutogniewska

Master Thesis in Built Environment. Spring 2014.

Agenda

Why How What

ProblemTheory

and Methods

Analysis and

Outcome

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Population: 186 000

Area: 134km2

Population density: 1400 inh/km2

GliwiceSource of map: www.maps.google.com

Highway N-S

Highway W-E

Central

Highway

W-E

Planned (ring)

roads

Bike lanes

94 km

Mostly recreational

Incoherent Source of map: PP-U „INKOM” S.C. Katowice, 2013

Photo credit: Kamila Wachowiak

Photo credit: Adam Lutogniewski

Photo credit: Adam Lutogniewski

Photos: Ewa Lutogniewska

Photo credit: Piotr Lutogniewski

Photos: Ewa Lutogniewska

Photo credit: Gliwicka Rada Rowerowa

Photo credit: Gliwicka Rada Rowerowa

Modal Split

24.30%

26,80%

46,50%

1,80% 0,60%

Data Source: PP-U „INKOM” S.C. Katowice, 2011

Research Questions

What is the residents’ attitude towards cycling

for transport?

What is the local authorities’ attitude towards

increasing the role of utilitarian cycling?

In relation to these attitudes, how to facilitate

the development of bicycling for transportation

in Gliwice?

Theories

Theory of Planned Behaviour (Icek Ajzen)

Attitude-Based Segmentation

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Methods – Case Study

Online Questionnaire

Interviews

Documents

Video Recording

Literature Review

Analysis - ResidentsBiking:+ Good for one’s health

+ Money-saving

Risk of bike theft

Not weatherproof

Encouraging to Biking:+ Developed bike infrastructure

+ Possibility on cycling on closed roads or opposite way on one-way

roads

Poor bike lanes network

Heavy traffic

Risk of bike theft

294 answers

Equal gender distribution

Age distribution:

18-25 54%

26-35 23%

36-50 13%

51-65 8%

Over 65 1%

Residents: attitude-based target groups

Perceived Behavioural

Control

1 2 3 4 5A

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13% 5%

2

3 6% 21%

44% 27%

34%

5

Urban

Cycling

Enthusiasts

Hesitant

Cycling

Supporters

Susceptible

Uncertain

Commuters

Tolerant

Non-cyclists

Strict

Underappreciators

Susceptible

ConservativesDetermined

Rejecters

1 – negative, 5 – positive

Analysis – local authorities

Who’s responsible for cycling infrastructure?

1. The Department of Investments and Renovations

2. The Office of City Streets

3. The Department of Economic Ventures and Municipal

Services

4. The City Office of Municipal Services

Analysis – local authorities

What is sustainable transport?

Attitude

no plan to change the modal split

Yes: Gliwice – city for cars

Bike as secondary/ tertiary mode of transport

But…

300 km of bike lanes

€ 60 million

Why?

To allow people to cycle more easily.

Bike lanes network

plan S

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Local authorities

Subjective norms Promotional tool

Because others do it

Perceived behavioural control Financial obstacles

Reorganization and reconstruction of roads

Outcome

Targeting following groups:

Urban cycling enthusiasts

Hesitant cycling supporters

Susceptible urban commuters

Susceptible conservatives

Developing bike infrastructure

87%

Coherent plan for sustainable mobility

INTERACTION:

residents local authorities

Outcome

Residents

- Willing to take up cycling for transport

Local Authorities

- Misunderstanding of the concept of sustainable mobility

undervalued role of cycling

Potential Users

Need

Engagement of the

...,,,Local Authorities

Thank you

Ewa Lutogniewska

ewalutogniewska@gmail.com

http://muep.mah.se/handle/2043/17349

Photo credit: Dorota Lutogniewska

ReferencesAjzen, I., 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), p. Organizational

Behavior and Human Decision Processes.

Dydkowski, G. & Tomanek, R., 2010. Strategia rozwoju zbiorowego transportu miejskiego w Gliwicach. Identyfikacja i ocena opcji

strategicznych, Katowice: Centrum Badań i Ekspertyz Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach.

Google Maps, 2014. Google Maps. [Online] Available at: https://maps.google.pl/[Accessed 02 06 2014].

GUS, 2012. Statystyka regionalna: Rankingi statystyczne: Miasta o największej liczbie ludności. [Online]

Available at: http://stat.gov.pl/statystyka-regionalna/rankingi-statystyczne/miasta-o-najwiekszej-liczbie-ludnosci-3018/

[Accessed 25 05 2014].

GUS, 2013. Statystyka regionalna: Rankingi statystyczne: Największe miasta pod względem powierzchni. [Online]

Available at: http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/5840_6112_PLK_HTML.htm [Accessed 10 04 2014].

PP-U "INKOM" S.C. Katowice, 2011. Opracowanie modelu ruchu pasażerskiego w Gliwicach: Etap I. Opracowanie modelu ruchu

dla stanu istniejącego, Katowice: PPU "INKOM" S.C. Katowice.

PP-U "INKOM" s.c. Katowice, 2013. Budowa dróg rowerowych – wykonanie koncepcji projektowej rozbudowy sieci dróg

rowerowych na terenie miasta Gliwice. Cz. A2. Analiza stanu istniejącego i uwarunkowań, Katowice: PP-U "INKOM" s.c.

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PP-U "INKOM" s.c. Katowice, 2013. Budowa dróg rowerowych – wykonanie koncepcji projektowej rozbudowy sieci dróg

rowerowych na terenie miasta Gliwice. Cz. B. Koncepcja projektowa rozbudowy sieci dróg rowerowych na terenie m.

Gliwice: Etap 1. koncepcja układowa, Katowice: PP-U "INKOM" s.c. Katowice.

PP-U "INKOM" s.c. Katowice, 2013. Budowa dróg rowerowych – wykonanie koncepcji projektowej rozbudowy sieci dróg

rowerowych na terenie miasta Gliwice. Inwestycje drogowe zrealizowane/ realizowane i planowane na terenie miasta w

kontekście zamierzeń dotyczących korytarzy ruchu rowerowego, Katowice: PP-U "INKOM" s.c. Katowice.

UM Gliwice, 2013. Raport o stanie miasta Gliwice - dane na koniec 2012 roku, Gliwice: UM Gliwice.

Photo Credits:

Piotr Lutogniewski

Dorota Lutogniewska

Kamila Wachowiak

Gliwicka Rada Rowerowa