Evolving Modernism and the response

Modern typologies

Screen

Mirror

Brutalist and Arrested Rust Sheathing

Geometric

Sculptural

Hi-Tech

First Unitarian Church, Rochester, NY, 1959-64 (Louis I. Kahn)

Screen: Open screening to facades and walls to add richness and disguise structure

United States Embassy, New Delhi, India, 1957-59 (Edward Durrell Stone)

Lever House, New York, NY, 1951-52.(Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)

Mirror: Making whole walls of reflective materials.

The mirror was perceived to be ornamental.

They are presaging post-modernism because they reflect other buildings.

Crystal Cathedral, Garden Grove, California, 1980 Philip Johnson

Hancock Place, Boston, MA, 1977. I. M. Pei

Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, N.Y. Architect: Marcel Breuer and Hamilton Smith (1963-1966).

Brutalist and Arrested Rust Sheathing: An attempt to recall the frankness of established modernism. Rust was popular in the 1960s and 1970s as an imitation of ruin

Yale Art and Architecture Building, P. Rudolph 1964

Broadcasting PlaceLeeds, England, 1964

Weisman Art Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, Frank Gehry , 1993

East Wing, National Gallery, Washington, DC, 1974-78. I. M. Pei (triangular planning grid)

Chapel at U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, 1956-62 (Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)

Kresge Auditorium and Chapel, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1955 (Eero Saarinen & Assoc.)

College Life Insurance Company, Indianapolis, IN, 1967-71 (R:1972) (Roche & Dinkeloo)

Hirshorn Gallery, Washington, D.C. 1974 (Skidmore Owens, and Merrill)

Knights of Columbus Building, New Haven, CT, 1965-69 (Roche & Dinkeloo)

Sculptural: Three dimension character is emphasized

Ingalls Hockey Rink, Yale U., New Haven, CT, 1956-58 (Eero Saarinen & Assoc.)

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY, 1943-59 (Frank Lloyd Wright added gallery in 1959)

John Hancock Center, Chicago, IL, 1966-68 (Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)

Hi-Tech: Exaggeration of the technological infrastructure of buildings. With water pipes and heat ducts placed on the exterior of the building.

U.S. Pavilion, Montreal Expo, Montreal, Canada, 1967 (R. Buckminster Fuller)