evolving a diplomatic legacy from the war: the us, egyptian, and israeli triangle

7/29/2019 Evolving a Diplomatic Legacy from the War: The US, Egyptian, and Israeli Triangle

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Hvdmvkec o @kpmdfotkb Mhcoby ardf tlh Sor7 Plh XR, Hcyptkoe, oe` Ksrohmk Prkoecmh

Iheehtl S. Rthke

ke Osoa Rkekvhr (h`.), Plh Dbtdjhr ?;32 Sor ^dmktkbs, @kpmdfoby, Mhcoby,Mde`de7 Lurst oe` Bdfpeoy, :>?2, pp. :>;-::;.

Ketrdùbtkde

Ke o`voebh da tlh :>?: bdecrhsskdeom hmhbtkdes, o Ehw Fhxkbd sheotdrkom boe`kòth rhbhetmy

osih`, Slot ks tlh fdst strkikec `kaahrhebh jhtwhhe Fk``mh Hosthre Oroj pdmktkbom systhfs oe`

durs ke tlh Xekth` Rtoths4 Plh rhspdesh wos7 Ke tlh XR, tlhrh ks kestktutkdeom mho`hrslkp, ke tlh

Fk``mh Host, mho`hrs orh kestktutkdes tlhfshmvhs. Adr fdrh tloe o tldusoe` yhors, `yeostkb,

trkjom, oe` outdbrotkb rhckfhs lovh `dfkeoth` Oroj pdmktkbs, jurhoubrobkhs, fkmktorkhs, oe`

cdvhrefhets. Plhy lovh hxksth` ot tlh mdbom, eotkdeom, oe` rhckdeom mhvhms. Plhrh orh foey

hxofpmhs7 tlh Fhbboes, Xfoyyo`s, Juwoyk`s, Ojjosk`s, Aotofk`s, Omfdrovk`s, Dsfoeks,

Rou`ks, Zoslk`ks, Loslhfkths, Rojols, Pkirktks, htb. Ke tlh most bhetury, ldw `kaahrhet wdum`

ômhstkekoe Oroj pdmktkbs lovh jhhe ka tlh Fuatk da Ghrusomhf, Logg Ofke-om-Lusoyek, oe` tlh

lho` da tlh ^MD, [oskr Oroaot, lo` edt `dfkeoth` tlhkr bdffuekty oe` ue`hrfkeh` omthreotkvh

pdmktkbom vdkbhs ot vkrtuommy hvhry ture4?

Rkebh tlh pdmktkbom uplhovom tlot jhcoe obrdss tlh Oroj

wdrm` ke moth :>?>, tlh chehrom pujmkbs vktrkdm oe` rhvumskde lovh jhhe okfh` ot `dfkehhrkec

outdbrots. Rkebh Fdloffh` Fdrsks suffhr :>?: hmhbtkde ke Hcypt, rofpoet bdeghbturh los

rhvdmvh` ordue` lks pdmktkbom `krhbtkde oe` lks rhmotkdeslkps wktl tlh Hcyptkoe fkmktory, tlh

Fdsmhf Jrdtlhrldd`, Kroe, Lofos, tlh Hcyptkoe pormkofhet, oe` adrhkce pdwhrs. Plh bry adr

bloech obrdss tlh rhckde los bommh` adr rhùbkec tlh `kbtotdrkom rdmhs da kfphrkdus rumhrs, hmkth

brdeyksf, oe` bdrruptkde. Rd aor, tlh bloech los adbush` de wld rumhs, rotlhr tloe jy wlot rumhs


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da cdvhreoebh kelojktoets fkclt jh ossurh` joskb rkclts.

Oewor Ro`ot, tlh ^rhsk`het da Hcypt ardf Dbtdjhr ?8, ?;3> td Dbtdjhr 1, ?;


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`kshecochfhet ocrhhfhets wktl Ksrohm ke Goeuory ?;30 oe` Rhpthfjhr ?;38. Ardf tlhrh uetkm lks

trkp td Ghrusomhf ke Edvhfjhr ?;33, lh ihpt tlh `kpmdfotkb prdbhss fdvkec adrwor` hktlhr

dphemy, shbrhtmy, dr omdec porommhm trobis. Ke Rhpthfjhr ?;3< oe` Forbl ?;3; lh oe` Ksrohmk

^rkfh Fkeksthr Fheoblhf Jhcke skceh` tlh Bofp @ovk` Obbdr`s oe` Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk Prhoty,

rhsphbtkvhmy. Plh ?;3< Bofp @ovk` Obbdr`s whrh o @hbmorotkde da ^rkebkpmhs, dr oe dutmkeh de

ldw td fdvh adrwor` ke rhsdmvkec tlh ômhstkekoe-Ksrohmk bdfpdehet da tlh bdeamkbt. Kt wos

oedtlhr `kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet, demy tlks tkfh rhmotkec td Ksrohms pdthetkom `kshecochfhet

ardf tlh Shst Joei oe` Cozo Rtrkp. Plh ?;;? Fo`rk` Fk``mh Host ^hobh Bdeahrhebh bdum` edt

lovh toihe pmobh ka Hcypt oe` Ksrohm lo` edt sustokeh` tlhkr trhoty rhmotkdeslkp9 ke aobt, ed aurtlhr

`kpmdfotkb prdbhss wdum` lovh jhhe pdsskjmh lo` Ksrohm edt aummy wktl`rowe ardf omm da Rkeok oe`

lo` tlh Xekth` Rtoths edt rhfokeh` bhetrommy hecoch` ke Oroj-Ksrohmk `kpmdfoby. Plh ?;;2 Dsmd

Obbdr`s skceh` jhtwhhe Ksrohm oe` tlh ^MD oe` sujshquhet Ksrohmk-ômhstkekoe ocrhhfhets

prdvk`h` o``ktkdeom sujstoebh, tlducl edt o bdebmuskde, td tlot hmhfhet da tlh bdeamkbt. Plh

bdevdbotkde da tlh :>>3 Oeeopdmks Fk``mh Host ^hobh Bdeahrhebh wos prh`kboth` de `krhbt

ehcdtkotkdes jhtwhhe tlh portkhs tlh adrfumo tlot Hcypt oe` Ksrohm `hvhmdph` ardf ?;32

tlrducl ?;3;9 kt wos oppmkh` oe` rhkeadrbh` jy tlh ?;;0 Gdròekoe-Ksrohmk ^hobh Prhoty oe`

Ofhrkboe mh` haadrts ke :>>> td rhstort Ryrkoe-Ksrohmk ehcdtkotkdes.

Ed oeomyst, bosuom djshrvhr, `kpmdfot, lkstdrkoe, dr pdmktkbom sbkhetkst, arkhe`my dr

dtlhrwksh, `dujts tlh kfpdrtoet auebtkde tlh Xekth` Rtoths pmoyh` ke ueadm`kec oe` botomyzkec

fd`hre Oroj-Ksrohmk `kpmdfoby. Ke tlhsh `kaakbumt oe` hpksd`kb ehcdtkotkdes, tlh XR pmoyh` foey

rdmhs7 brktkb, bdevhehr, `roathr, heckehhr, arkhe`, cuoroetdr, loe`-ldm`hr, fh`kotdr, oe` pdstfoe.

Ed dtlhr eotkdeom jurhoubroby lo` tlh eufjhr da sikmmh`, iedwmh`chojmh, oe` hxphrkhebh`


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`kpmdfots td wdri tlh kssuh. Ed dtlhr thof da `kpmdfots rhfokeh` os ketrhpk`my `h`kboth` td

puslkec adr hmuskvh, shhfkecmy kfpdsskjmh kethrkf oe` akeom ocrhhfhets. Ke tlh ?;3>s, Rhbrhtory

da Rtoth Lhery Iksskechr oe` ^rhsk`het Gkffy Borthr whrh vktommy kfpdrtoet ke `h`kbotkec tlh

Slkth Ldush td fdvkec Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk `kpmdfoby adrwor`. Jdtl orh opprdprkothmy ckvhe ùh

proksh adr tlhkr `h`kbotkde oe` obbdfpmkslfhets, tlducl ot tkfhs ehktlhr whrh aummy oworh da tlh

bdfpmhxkty da kethr-Oroj pdmktkbom ghomduskhs. Ot tkfhs, jdtl keshrth` XR eotkdeom kethrhsts dr

tlhkr dwe phrsdeom jkoshs ketd tlh `kpmdfotkb prdbhsshs. Rdfhtkfhs tlh XR, os fh`kotdr, woeth`

oe dutbdfh dr o pobh tlot ehktlhr tlh Hcyptkoes edr Ksrohmks prhahrrh`. Kffh`kothmy oathr tlh

Dbtdjhr ?;32 Sor, jdtl bduetrkhs bdum` lovh rhoblh` o fkmktory oe` pdmktkbom ocrhhfhet ka mhat td

tlhkr dwe `hvkbhs, jut Iksskechros wkmm jh sldwe jhmdw kethrvheh` td stdp tlh ehcdtkotkdes

`ho` ke tlhkr trobis. Lh woeth` tlh fkmktory ocrhhfhet td bdebmu`h ke tlh oathrfotl da tlh

@hbhfjhr ?;32 Chehvo Fk``mh Host ^hobh Bdeahrhebh. Lh ehh`h` tlh ocrhhfhet td bdfh oathr

tlh Bdeahrhebh, sd lh bdum` `hfdestroth lks bdetrdm dvhr tlh ehcdtkotkdes9 kt wos o fhoes da

sldwkec Fdsbdw wld wos ke blorch. Ehktlhr Roòt edr Ksrohms Jhcke portkbumormy mkih` tlh

Borthr o`fkekstrotkdes prhahrhebhs adr o bdfprhlheskvh ocrhhfhet. Roòt lo` tdm` tlh Ksrohmks,

obbdr`kec Ksrohm Adrhkce Fkeksthr @oyoe, tlot tlh quhstkde da tlh ômhstkekoes, tlh Shst Joei,

tlh rhauchhs ke chehrom, oe` Ghrusomhf whrh mhss o prkdrkty tloe dbbupkh` Rkeok.0

Ehktlhr Hcypt

edr Ksrohm woeth` oey prdbhùrh tlot smdwh`-`dwe tlh pursukt da o jkmothrom orroechfhet. Da

bdursh, Roòt covh pujmkb edtkbh tlot lh wos omwoys kethrhsth` ke o bdfprhlheskvh phobh, jut

wlhe pusl bofh td sldvh ke tlh aomm da ?;3


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shbrht Ksrohmk-Hcyptkoe tomis ke Fdrdbbd ke Rhpthfjhr ?;33.8

Edr `k` hktlhr bduetry woet tlhkr

eotkdeom prkdrktkhs heseorh` jy tlh spk`hr-whj da prdbhùrhs tlot hfhrch` ardf tlh Borthr

o`fkekstrotkdes `kpmdfotkb bddikec.

Plh jdttdf mkeh rhfokes7 Sktldut Roòts prhshebh, vkskde, bduroch, oe` blutzpol, tlhrh

wdum` edt lovh jhhe oey Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk ocrhhfhet dr shrkhs da ocrhhfhets. Ksrohmk mho`hrs,

tlducl, whrh omsd bhetrom td ocrhhfhets wktl Hcypt. Plhy sow tlh ehh` td ehutromkzh Hcypts

fkmktory pdwhr jhboush da kts pdthetkom td put Ksrohms shburkty ke `hhp oe` rhcumor ghdpor`y.

Edehtlhmhss, tlh Ksrohmks whrh kelhrhetmy lhsktoet9 tlhy ehvhr rhommy trusth` Roòt, tlkeikec da

lkf os fhrburkom oe` ueprh`kbtojmh, quomktkhs tlot bdmmhocuhs oe` `kpmdfots omkih lovh sok`

tlot lh pdsshssh` ke o`hquoth quoetktkhs. Pd jh surh, Roòt `k` edt woih up deh fdrekec oe`

soy td lkfshma, K woet phobh wktl Ksrohm, oe` td `d tlot K woet td cd td tlh Ksrohmk pormkofhet oe`

ckvh o sphhbl wktl o pldtd da Plhd`dr Lhrzm mddikec dvhr fy sldum`hr. Lh ehcdtkoth` wktl

Ksrohm oe` skceh` ocrhhfhets oe` o trhoty wktl Ksrohm jhboush tlhy whrh o fhoes td oe he`.

Lorehsskec lkfshma td tlh XR lo` shvhrom `hskrojmh dutbdfhs7 Soslkectde bdum` suppdrt lks

hbdedfy oe` lhmp suppmy lks fkmktory wktl hqukpfhet9 XR `kpmdfotkb hecochfhet fhoet tlot

Ksrohms fdst kfpdrtoet arkhe` wos suppdrtkvh da o ehcdtkotkec prdbhss ke wlkbl Ksrohms shburkty

rhfokeh` porofduet9 oe` lh bdum` `hfdestroth td o lkclmy sihptkbom Ksrohmk pujmkb, portkbumormy

oathr `hbo`hs da Eosshrs pujmkbommy stoth` lotrh` adr Ksrohm, tlot Ksrohm sldum` toih o bloebh de

wktl`rowom ardf Rkeok. Roòt omsd woeth` td fdvh dut ardf ue`hr tlh keamuhebh da Fdsbdw. Lh

iehw tlot keblkec Hcypt bmdshr td tlh XR wdum` rhùbh Rdvkht keamuhebh ke Hcypt, o fdvh tlot

Soslkectde adue` strothckbommy o`voetochdus ke tlh fk`st da tlh Bdm` Sor. ^hthr Zd`foe, wld

wos port da Rhbrhtory da Rtoth Lhery Iksskechrs `kpmdfotkb sluttmh fksskdes ke tlh ?;32-38


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phrkd`, bothcdrkzh` Hcypts slkat ardf Fdsbdw td tlh XR os deh da tlh crhot vkbtdrkhs adr tlh

Xekth` Rtoths ke tlh Bdm` Sor. Ke lks rhmotkdeslkps wktl Soslkectde, Roòt wos o fosthraum

strothckst7 lh oedketh` Iksskechr lks ofjosso`dr td Ksrohm, oe`, obbdr`kec td Wjkcekhw

Jrzhzkesik (Borthrs eotkdeom shburkty o`vkshr), mothrpmoyh` Borthr mkih o vkdmke.1

Slhe Gdròes Ikec Lusshke woeth` lks dwe `kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet wktl Ksrohm ke

?;30, Roòt qukhtmy tdm` Iksskechr td rhfoke adbush` de o Ryrko-Ksrohmk ocrhhfhet9 tlh Gdròekoes

whrh mkvk`.3

Roòt wos jhyde` bmhvhr. Ke tlh fk``mh da ?;30 oe` ocoke ke ?;38, wlhe lh wos

jhkec obbush` da shmmkec dut tlh ômhstkekoes jy ehcdtkotkec ke`krhbtmy wktl Ksrohm tlrducl tlh

Xekth` Rtoths, Roòt he`drsh` tlh ^MD os tlh sdmh mhcktkfoth rhprhshetotkvh da tlh ômhstkekoe

phdpmh. Plot, tdd, oechrh` tlh Gdròekoes, wld woeth` td ehcdtkoth adr tlh auturh da tlh Shst

Joei oe`, da bdursh, Oroj Ghrusomhf. Jut Roòt iehw wlot tlh Ksrohmk rhspdesh wdum` jh. Ka tlh

^MD wos tlh demy pdsskjmh `kpmdfotkb o``rhss adr ehcdtkotkec tlh auturh da tlh Shst Joei, tlhe

(ckvhe kts tlhe posskdeoth lotrh` da tlh ^MD) Ksrohm wdum` ehvhr ehcdtkoth tlh rhture da tlh Shst

Joei oe` Ghrusomhf. Plot sukth` Roòt gust akeh. Kt ihpt tlh adbus da Ksrohms `kpmdfotkb otthetkde

de Hcypt, owoy ardf tlh arkck` bdfpmhxktkhs da tlh ômhstkekoe-Ksrohmk rhmotkdes. Roòts

bdesksthet fhtld` wos td `hahe` tlh ômhstkekoes pujmkbommy, jut prkvothmy wdri td ksdmoth tlhf

ardf ehcdtkotkdes dr pmoeeh` tomis. Oroaot `k` edt foih cdd` de lks prkvoth prdfksh td

Jrzhzkesik oe` Borthr, fo`h tlrducl o shbrht kethrfh`kory ke Forbl ?;33, td rhbdcekzh tlh

mhcktkfoby da XE Zhsdmutkde :0:. Plot ihpt tlh ^MD dut da tlh ehcdtkotkec fkx uetkm tlh Borthr

o`fkekstrotkde ketrdùbh` tlh k`ho daômhstkekoe rhprhshetotkde ke o uekakh` Oroj `hmhcotkde ot

o rhbdevheh` kethreotkdeom phobh bdeahrhebh. Plh rhsumtkec suffhr ?;33 ue`hrtoikec wos okfh`

ot jrkeckec Orojs oe` Ksrohmks tdchtlhr td rhsdmvh omm kssuhs ot deh tkfh, o bdebhpt tlot foey ke


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tlh Rtoth @hportfhet tlduclt td jh tdtommy uerhomkstkb. Roòt, tdd, wos edt heofdrh` wktl tlh

k`ho9 wlkmh tlh Borthr o`fkekstrotkde spue kts wlhhms de tlks prdbhùrh, Roòt hecoch` ke o shrkhs

da shbrht tomis wktl tlh Ksrohmks `krhbtmy ke Fdrdbbd oe` ke`krhbtmy tlrducl Zufoeko. Ka tlh Borthr

o`fkekstrotkde wos cdkec td cht mdst ke prdbhùrom fotthrs, kt wos edt cdkec td ihhp Roòt ardf

`hthrfkekec Ksrohmk rho`kehss td ehcdtkoth adr Rkeoks rhture.

Roòts purpdsh wos td couch wlhtlhr tlh Ksrohmks whrh prhporh` adr `krhbt tomis. Slhe

tlh Borthr o`fkekstrotkde fdvh` td jrkec tlh Rdvkht Xekde ketd `kpmdfotkb ehcdtkotkdes ke

Dbtdjhr, oathr Ksrohmks oe` Hcyptkoes lo` ocrhh` ke shbrht hxbloechs edttd suppdrt rhketrdùbh`

Rdvkht hecochfhet, Roòt `hbk`h` tlot `krhbt tomis wktl tlh Ksrohmks wos deh da tlh demy woys td

foketoke prdcrhss de Hcypts djghbtkvhs oe` prkdrktkhs. Ot Bofp @ovk` ke Rhpthfjhr ?;3


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@oyoe amdoth` tlh

k`ho td sdfh Ksrohmk ehwspophr h`ktdrs oe` tlhe td tlh chehrom pujmkb, jut lh wos ueojmh td

bdevkebh Fhkr oe` slh `k` edt opprdvh kt. Rlh sok`, ka wh rhtrhot oe kebl ardf tlh Boeom.YwhV

wkmm ke ed tkfh moe` ot tlh kethreotkdeom jdr`hr.??

De shvhrom dbboskdes ke ?;3? oe` ?;3:, Ro`ot tdm` @deom` Jhrcus, lho` da tlh Ofhrkboe

kethrhsts shbtkde sktuoth` ke tlh Ke`koe hfjossy, tlot lh wos prhporh` td ehcdtkoth wktl Ksrohm. Lh

sok` tlh sofh tlkec ke ?;32 td Fkblohm Rthrehr, tlh lho` da tlh Hcypt @hsi ot tlh Rtoth

@hportfhet. Ke hormy ?;32 lh shet lks Eotkdeom Rhburkty O`vkshr Loahz, Ksfokm, td Iksskechr td


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hxpmoke borhaummy ke shbrht tomis lh oe` Hcypt whrh prhporh` td skce oe ocrhhfhet wktl Ksrohm.

Ksfokm fo`h kt bmhor td Iksskechr ke ueofjkcudus thrfs tlot Hcypt tlduclt tlot tlh he` da tlh

stoth da wor wkmm bdfh wktl tlh akeom wktl`rowom da Ksrohm ardf Hcyptkoe thrrktdry. Sh slomm

obiedwmh`ch rhsphbt adr tlh sdvhrhkcety, pdmktkbom ke`hphe`hebh oe` thrrktdrkom kethcrkty da Ksrohm

oe` tlh rkclt td mkvh ke phobhwktl tlh akeom wktl`rowom.?:

Ksfokm `k` edt soy tlot oathr

wktl`rowom tlot Hcypt wdum` skce o trhoty wktl Ksrohm, jut lh wos prhbksh ojdut ldw he`kec tlh

stoth da wor wktl Ksrohm wdum` jh `hakeh`. Lh `k` ketkfoth tlot Hcypt wos edt wkmmkec td

edrfomkzh rhmotkdes wktl Ksrohm, oe` wdum` wktlldm` aumm rhbdcektkde uetkm Hcypt iehw tlot

ocrhhfhets wlhrh de tlh woy td bdebmuskde wktl Ryrko oe` Gdròe. Ksfokm sok` edtlkec ojdut tlh

ehh` adr o ômhstkekoe stoth. Roòt tdm` o Ehwswhhikethrvkhwhr de Oprkm :2, ?;32, Plh tkfh los

bdfh adr o sldbi. @kpmdfoby wkmm bdetkeuh jhadrh, ùrkec, oe` oathr tlh jottmh. Omm Shst

Hurdphoes orh thmmkec us tlot hvhryjd`y los aommhe osmhhp dvhr tlh Fk``mh Host brksks. Jut tlhy

wkmm sdde woih up td tlh aobt tlot Ofhrkbo los mhat us ed dtlhr woy dut. Plh rhsufptkde da tlh

ldstkmktkhs ks tlh demy woy dut. Hvhrytlkec ks edw jhkec fdjkmkzh` ke bdebhrt adr tlh rhsufptkde

da tlh jottmh wlkbl ks kehvktojmh. Plot fdetl lh fht shbrhtmy wktl ^rhsk`het Osso` ke Hcypt oe`

tdm` lkf, Loahz, K of cdkec td wor tlks yhor. Slot `d ydu tlkei4 Lh sok`7 K of wktl ydu.?2

Roòt wos fdvh` td obtkde jhboush tlh XR, dr fdrh prhbkshmy Iksskechr, wos edt prhporh` td

hecoch os fh`kotdr.

Sly edt4 Sos kt Iksskechrs ueaofkmkorkty wktl tlh Oroj wdrm` oe` Oroj pdmktkbs4 Sos kt

tlot lks vkhw darho`kehss adr tlh XR td jhbdfh kevdmvh` ke ehcdtkotkdes wos arofh` jy Ksrohms

^rkfh Fkeksthr Fhkr, wld rhfokeh` lkclmy sihptkbom da Roòt dr lks fdtkvhs4 Sos kt tlot tlh BKO

oe` Rtoth @hportfhet rhmkh` tdd lhovkmy de tlh Ksrohmk kethmmkchebh osshssfhets tlot tlh Hcyptkoes


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skfpmy bdum` edt oe` wdum` edt cd td wor4 Rkebh Iksskechr gufph` ketd tlh ehcdtkotkdes wktl

subl custd ot tlh wors bdebmuskde, wlot ihpt tlh Ekxde o`fkekstrotkde ardf hecockec ke shrkdus

ehcdtkotkdes prkdr td kt4 Ke tlh òys gust jhadrh Ekxdes suffkt fhhtkec wktl Rdvkht ^rhsk`het

Mhdek` Jrhzlehv ke Gueh ?;32, Iksskechr (oathr lks fhhtkecs wktl Ksfokm) suffh` up tlh mkfkth`

pdsskjkmktkhs oe` mkojkmktkhs adr hecockec ke Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk ehcdtkotkdes. Plh fdst tlh XR boe

adrshh YksVphrsuo`kec Ksrohm td obbhpt rhstdrotkde da edfkeom Hcyptkoe sdvhrhkcety ke tlh Rkeok

wktl o troesktkdeom Ksrohmk shburkty prhshebh ot ihy pdsktkdes. Plks fkclt edt jh aumm sdvhrhkcety

jut kt wdum` hstojmksl tlh prkebkpmh da mhcom sdvhrhkcety. Plh quhstkde edw ks wlhtlhr Roòt boe

obbhpt o sthp-jy- sthp opprdobl wktl ossuroebh da phrsksthet Slkth Ldush kevdmvhfhet. Plh XR

ehh`s td ovdk` tlh ike` da bdebrhth `htokm tlot wdum` mkfkt tlh ushaumehss da dur kevdmvhfhet

jhadrh wh lovh hvhe jhcue. Rkebh Ksfokm lo` sphbkakbommy osih` adr `krhbt Ofhrkboe

hecochfhet ke ehcdtkotkdes oe` ke o sthp-jy-sthp foeehr, wly `k` Iksskechr (edt yht Rhbrhtory

da Rtoth, jut demy ERB lho`) stkmm rhbdffhe` boutkde td Ekxde ke rhcor`s td Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk

ehcdtkotkdes4 Slot ks bhrtoke ks tlot Roòt wos rho`y td ehcdtkoth, rho`y td ckvh tlh fh`kotkec

foetmh td tlh Ofhrkboes td `d sd, oe` obburoth ojdut XR rhmubtoebh td toih tlh kektkotkvh.

Plhrh ks bdeshesus ardf o vorkhty da outldrktotkvh sdurbhs de wly Roòt whet td wor.

Ldwhvhr, wktl tlh hxbhptkde da Loahz Ksfokm oe` Hcyptkoe Chehrom om-Chfosy, lks fkmktory

Blkha da Rtoaa ot mhost ardf tlh sdurbhs ush` adr tlks pophr `k` edt iedw tlh `hcrhh da `htokm

Ksfokm lo` prdvk`h` Iksskechr ke rhcor` td ldw tomis bdum` jh bdeùbth`, eofhmy sthp-jy-sthp,

oe` td Hcypts rho`kehss td skce oe ocrhhfhet dr ocrhhfhets wktl Ksrohm ot tlh he` da

ehcdtkotkdes. Plh wor wos o prd-Ofhrkboe fdvh wlhrh lh `hmkjhrothmy storth` oe kethreotkdeom


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??

brksks, okfh` ot mkcltkec o akrh ue`hr tlh Xekth` Rtoths.?0

Kt wos `hskceh` td boush Soslkectde

oe` Iksskechr td toih edtkbh, jhbdfh kevdmvh`, oe` umtkfothmy orroech adr Ksrohms `hporturh ardf

Rkeok.?8 Jhadrh tlh ?;32 Sor, Roòt tdm` Wok` Zkao'k, Ikec Lusshke's pdmktkbom o`vkshr oe` mothr

Gdròe's ^rkfh Fkeksthr, tlot ke dr`hr td lovh tlh Rdvkhts oe` Ofhrkboes poy otthetkde td tlh

Fk``mh Host, lh lo` td stort o worlorj tolorki fksl lorj tolrkr o wor adr fdvhfhet, edt o

wor adr mkjhrotkde. Adr fh, K YRoòtV slomm brdss tlh boeom oe` stdp.?1

Jy bdetrost, Ryrko's

Adrhkce Fkeksthr Oj` om-Lomkf Ilo`òf sok`7 Adr Ryrko, kt wos o wor da mkjhrotkde, edt o wor

da fdvhfhet. Plh djghbtkvhs da tlh wor whrh td mkjhroth Cdmoe oe` Rkeok. Plh Ryrkoe adrbhs

o`voebh` obbdr`kec td tlot pmoe. Plh Hcyptkoe adrbhs, ldwhvhr, gust possh` tlh boeom oe`

stdpph`.?3

Obbdr`kec td Eojkm om-Orojk, Roòt hethrh` tlh wor, edt td ottoke fkmktory djghbtkvhs,

jut td keamuhebh tlh pdmktkbom prdbhss.?>> Hcyptkoe

sdm`khrs da lks Plkr` Orfy mhovkec tlhkr aoth `hphe`het upde tlh cdd`wkmm da Ksrohmk

mho`hrslkp, wlkbl wos dppdsh` jy o pdwhraum kebmkeotkde tdwor` dutrkclt rhtrkjutkde ocokest


13/36

?2

Hcypt adr tlh surprksh ottobi de [df Ikppur òy. Xmtkfothmy, tlh Plkr` Orfy wos mhat ke tlh

loe`s da Rhbrhtory da Rtoth Iksskechr, wld iehw tlot tlh Orfys survkvom wdum` ckvh Roòt

o``ktkdeom rhosde td `hphe` de XR `kpmdfoby. Roòt bdum` edt lovh surfksh` wlhe lh whet td

wor de Dbtdjhr 1 tlot tlh XR oe` tlh XRRZ wdum` ake` tlhfshmvhs de tlh jrkei da bdevhetkdeom

fkmktory, ka edt eubmhor, bdeardetotkde dvhr tlh fotthr da tlh Plkr` Orfy. Lh bdum` edt lovh

prh`kbth` tlot lks bopturh da Ksrohmk prksdehrs da wor oe` tlh ojsdmuth prkdrkty da tlhkr kffh`koth

rhture td Ksrohm, os `hfoe`h` jy Ksrohmk ^rkfh Fkeksthr Fhkr, bdum` ommdw adr tlh survkvom da lks

Plkr` Orfy. Edr bdum` lh lovh cuhssh` tlot tlh XE Rhburkty Bduebkm Zhsdmutkde 22< wdum` jh

possh`, soebtkdekec `krhbt ehcdtkotkdes jhtwhhe tlh portkhs. Lh wos edt yht rho`y td hfjrobh

subl o prdbhùrh, jut XERBZ 22< hstojmkslh` oe kethreotkdeommy soebtkdeh` otfdsplhrh ue`hr

wlkbl ke`krhbt Hcyptkoe-Ksrohm tomis wdum` toih pmobh uetkm Roòt whet td Ghrusomhf de

Edvhfjhr ?;, ?;33. Lh bdum` edt lovh prh`kbth` tlot tlh pdst-?;32 Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk fkmktory

tomis ot Ikmdfhthr ?>? wdum` hvdmvh sd subbhssaummy tlot lh wdum` lovh td bduetheoebh tlhkr

hormy suspheskdesd Iksskechr wdum` lovh o portkom ocrhhfhet tlot lh bdum` jukm` de oathrtlh

bdebmuskde da tlh @hbhfjhr ?;32 Chehvo Bdeahrhebh. Pldsh fkmktory tomis rhsumth` ke tlh `htokm

oe` tlh fops tlot Iksskechr ush` ke akeomkzkec tlh Goeuory ?2, ?;30 Hcyptkoe-Ksrohm

@kshecochfhet Ocrhhfhet. @k` lh surfksh tlot, jy prdfdtkec Hcyptkoe eotkdeom kethrhsts, lh

wdum` jh dphekec oe oecry bdfphtktkde wktl Ryrko4 @k` lh rhomkzh tlot tlks bdfphtktkde wdum`

ommdw Ryrkoe ^rhsk`het Osso` td ush brhhpkec Hcyptkoe-XR bmdshehss td `hhphe Ryrkos tkhs wktl

Fdsbdw4 Slhe Osso` tureh` `dwe Iksskechrs kevktotkde td otthe` tlh @hbhfjhr ?;32 Fk``mh

Host ^hobh Bdeahrhebh o whhi jhadrh kt wos td bdffhebh ke Chehvo, Roòt oblkhvh` deh da lks

purpdshs adr cdkec td wor7 td ihhp Ryrko ardf djstrubtkec o ehcdtkotkec prdbhss tlot prdfdth`


14/36

?0

Hcypts kethrhst akrst.

Plh Ikmdfhthr ?>? Pomis td tlh Goeuory ?;30 Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk Ocrhhfhet7 ldw Roòt

foeoch` lks `hskrh` dutbdfh

De Dbtdjhr :3, ?;32, o Chrfoe-jdre Hcyptkoe borhhr adrhkce shrvkbh daakbhr, Dfor Rkrry, wld

shrvh` os @hputy Blkha da Dphrotkdes ke tlh Hcyptkoe Adrhkce Fkekstry, wos bommh` jy Hcyptkoe

Adrhkce Fkeksthr Ksfokm Aolfy. Plks wos tlrhh whhis oathr tlh dutjrhoi da tlh Dbtdjhr ?;32

Sor, the òys oathr Ksrohm moueblh` o bduethr-ottobi ocokest tlh Hcyptkoe Orfy ke Rkeok oe`

hvhetuommy surrdue`h` tlh ?8,>>> foe Hcyptkoe Plkr` Orfy, oe` deh whhi oathr Ofhrkboe

Rhbrhtory da Rtoth Lhery Iksskechr ehcdtkoth` tlh bdethets da wlot bofh td jh Xekth` Eotkdes

Rhburkty Bduebkm Zhsdmutkde 22< ke Fdsbdw wktl Rdvkht Blokrfoe Jrhzlehv. Kt wos demy o òy

oathr tlh Xekth` Rtoths oe` tlh Rdvkht Xekde sthpph` jobi ardf pdsskjmh fkmktory bdeardetotkde

dvhr tlh kethrvhetkde da Rdvkht trddps ketd tlh boeom orho. Aolfy tdm` Rkrry td cht o tddtljrusl

oe` o pogofo oe` jh rho`y td tomi wktl Ksrohmks. Plh prkfory Hcyptkoe rhosde adr otthe`kec subl

tomis wos td ake` kffh`koth rhmkha adr tlh Hcyptkoe Plkr` Orfy, wlkbl wos surrdue`h` jy Ksrohmk

adrbhs. Plh `hstrubtkde da tlh Plkr` Orfy lo` tlh pdthetkom td `hstrdy Roòt s prhsk`heby, edt td

fhetkde ghdpor`kzkec Roòts ehwmy-hxpoe`h` dphekec td tlh Xekth` Rtoths. Jy bdetrost, Ksrohm's

ojsdmuth prkdrkty wos haahbtkec o swkat hxbloech da wor prksdehrs oe` orroeckec tlh rhture da tlh

rhfokes da sdm`khrs wld lo` jhhe ikmmh` ùrkec tlh wor. Aolfy tdm` Rkrry tlot lh lo` td jh

prhporh` td cd td Ruhz. Aolfy lo` o morch hcd9 lh `k` edt mkih pmoykec tlh rdmh da ^rhsk`het

Roòts fhsshechr. Fdrhdvhr, lh wos edt aummy keadrfh` ojdut Roòt s djghbtkvhs, oe` wos

plkmdsdplkbommy uebdfadrtojmh ojdut lovkec oey `ksbusskdes wktl tlh Ksrohmks. Rok` Rkrry7

Ke`kbotkvh da tlh psybldmdckbom ottktu`h tlot wos prhvokmkec ot tlh tkfh ke Hcypt, oathr sd foey


15/36

?8

yhors da akcltkec oe` dppdskec tlh Ksrohmks, Aolfy adue` kt vhry `kaakbumt td thmm fh tlot K wos

cdkec td tomi td tlhf.:8

Oathr o poush, Aolfy tdm` Rkrry tlot lh wos td cd td fkmktory

lho`quorthrs, fhht Chehrom om-Cofosy, oe` jhbdfh om-Cofosy's pdmktkbom o`vkshr. Rkrry otthe`h`

tlh akrst fhhtkec ot Ikmdfhthr ?>?. Lh wos obbdfpoekh` jy twd dr tlrhh dtlhr Hcyptkoe Adrhkce

Fkekstry oe` fkmktory daakbkoms ke tlh opprdxkfothmy hkclthhe ehcdtkotkec shsskdes tlot tddi pmobh

jhtwhhe Hcyptkoe oe` Ksrohmk rhprhshetotkvhs oathr tlh Dbtdjhr Sor oe` mosth` uetkm tlh he` da

Edvhfjhr ?;32. Rkrry sok`, Ed deh ue`hrstdd` tlh pdmktkbom skcekakboebh da wlot wh whrh

`dkec.:1

Om-Cofosy, wld mh` tlh Hcyptkoe ehcdtkotkec thof ot tlh Ikmdfhthr ?>? Pomis, wos o

borhhr Hcyptkoe fkmktory daakbhr. Lh wos o akhrbh Hcyptkoe eotkdeomkst oe` prdahsskdeom sdm`khr.

Lh wos fdtkvoth` td rhstdrh tlh `kcekty oe` prdwhss da tlh Hcyptkoe Orfy, wlkbl wos sd

`hfdromkzh` jy tlh Oroj `hahot ke tlh Gueh ?;13 Sor. Fdrhdvhr, adr om-Cofosy oe` dtlhr lkcl

roeikec Hcyptkoe daakbkoms, cdkec td wor ke ?;32 wos o fhosurh da phrsdeom rhvhech ocokest

Fdslh @oyoe, wldf tlhy tlduclt wos tlh òri sk`h da Ksrohm. :3 De tlh sofh òy, Ksrohmk

Chehrom Olorde [orkv,:?. [orkv rhbhkvh` lks kestrubtkdes ardf Ksrohm Comkmk, o vhry bmdsh

bdeakòet da Fhkr oe` Fkeksthr-Sktldut-^drtadmkd ke lhr Bojkeht. Comkmk fo`h surh tlot [orkv `k`

edt ckvh oeytlkec, soy oeytlkec, prdpdsh oeytlkec, dr oaakrf oeytlkec wktldut prkdr opprdvom oe`

iedwmh`ch da tlh cdvhrefhet. Comkmk tdm` [orkv tlot Ksrohm woeth` o akrf bhosh-akrh, oe hxbloech


16/36

?1

da prksdehrs-da-wor, oe` o mkatkec da tlh Hcyptkoe eovom jmdbio`h da Ksrohmk slkppkec ot tlh Joj om-

Foeòj Rtrokts.

Plh phe`kec Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk tomis whrh uekquh ke tlhkr bduetrkhs rhsphbtkvh jhmmkchrhet

rhmotkdeslkp7 Hcyptkoe oe` Ksrohmk fkmktory daakbkoms whrh ojdut td ehcdtkoth tlh shporotkde da tlhkr

adrbhs wktldut tlh Xekth` Rtoths dr oedtlhr porty ke o fh`kotkde rdmh, oe` wktl tlh Xekth`

Eotkdes rhmhcoth` td o fhrh cdplhr stotus. Iksskechr rhomkzh` tlot tlh Plkr` Orfy ehh`h` td jh

sovh`9 tlot wos tlh fdst prhsskec pdmktkbom rhqukrhfhet. Lh rho`kmy bdesheth` td ush X.R.

cdvhrefhet bloeehms td bdeehbt Hcyptkoe oe` Ksrohmk ehcdtkotdrs. Plducl Iksskechr ks brh`kth`

wktl slopkec tlot ocrhhfhet, kt wos prh-ehcdtkoth` jy Roòt oe` Fhkr tlrducl tlhkr fkmktory

rhprhshetotkvhs ot Ikmdfhthr ?>?. Roòt dutmkeh` tlh bdethet da tlh fhhtkecs, Fhkr rhakeh` tlhf,

oe` tlh chehroms ot Ikmdfhthr ?>? o``h` `htokm td tlhkr arofhwdrijhadrh Iksskechr lo` tlh

tomis susphe`h` sd lh bdum` ush tlh portkhs ke tlh Chehvo ^hobh Bdeahrhebh, oe` hvhetuommy ush

tlh bdethet tlhy lo` omrho`y ocrhh` upde os tlh josks adr tlh Goeuory ?;30 Ocrhhfhet.

O mkttmh oathr ? of de o jktthr bdm` fdrekec da Rueòy, Dbtdjhr :? ikmdfhthrs ardf Bokrd. Hobl chehrom fo`h sldrt

ketrdùbtdry rhforis, edtkec tlot jdtl orfkhs lo` aduclt whmm oe` ldedrojmy oe` tlot jdtl sk`hs

sldum` edw phradrf o`fkrojmy ke foikec phobh. Plh bdethet oe` tdeh da [orkv's bdffhets

ommhvkoth` tlh opprhlheskde ofdec tlh Hcyptkoes tlot tlh Ksrohmks wdum` jh orrdcoet. Rkrry

`hsbrkjh` [orkv os sdplkstkboth` oe` bomf. Lh `k` edt sldvh oeytlkec `dwe dur tlrdots. Lo` lh

jhhe dtlhrwksh, tlh Hcyptkoe `hmhcotkde wdum` edt lovh obbhpth` kt.:;

Om-Cofosy bdesk`hrh`

[orkv o vhry akeh foe wld iehw lks wdri vhry whmm.2>

[orkv jhmkhvh` om-Cofosy td jh o


17/36

?3

phòetkb foe, jut o prdu` daakbhr, Hcyptkoe, oe` Oroj.2?

Hvhe os tlh shporotkde da adrbhs

`ksbusskdes tddi pmobh, hmhfhets da tlh twd orfkhs rhfokeh` hecoch`. Os tlh tomis bdetkeuh` tlot

akrst ekclt uetkm opprdxkfothmy adur d'bmdbi ke tlh fdrekec, tlhrh whrh kethrfktthet ketruskdes da

cue akrh, rdbihts, oe` amorhs. Adr whhis oathr tlh bdffhebhfhet da tlh Ikmdfhthr ?>?

ehcdtkotkdes, tlh bhosh-akrh ocrhh` td de Dbtdjhr :2 wos phrkd`kbommy jrdihe. Om-Cofosy

obiedwmh`ch` tlot fdst da tlh vkdmotkdes bofh ardf tlh Hcyptkoe sk`h.2:

Zhpmykec td [orkv, om-Cofosy rharokeh` ardf oeswhrkec fdst quhstkdes, soykec o

rhspdesh lo` td owokt kestrubtkdes ardf Bokrd. Om-Cofosy bustdforkmy rhpdrth` jobi `krhbtmy td

^rhsk`het Roòt. Om-Cofosy prdvk`h` jdtl vhrjom oe` wrktthe osshssfhets da Ksrohmk vkhws de o

vorkhty da kssuhs ue`hr ehcdtkotkde, oe` tlh `krhbtkde ke wlkbl lh tlduclt tlhy whrh lho`kec.

Mkihwksh, [orkv rhphoth`my hxbush` lkfshma td pldeh lks suphrkdrs ke dr`hr td rhpdrt keadrfotkde

oe` td rhbhkvh aurtlhr kestrubtkdes.22

Slkmh tlh fkmktory fhe whrh ehcdtkotkec, tlhkr bkvkmkoe

suphrkdrs whrh hsshetkommy foikec tlh `hbkskdes ojdut tlh bdethet da tlh tomis, wlkbl djvkdusmy

bdetokeh` pdmktkbom kfpmkbotkdes, kebmu`kec tlhkr prhshet oe` auturh rhsphbtkvh rhmotkdeslkps wktl

Soslkectde. Oathr tlh he` da tlh akrst ehcdtkotkec shsskde, Rkrry oe` Aowzk om-Kjroslk, o mhcom

sphbkomkst ke tlh Hcyptkoe Adrhkce Fkekstry, akekslh` tlhkr rhpdrt ordue` skx d'bmdbi tlot fdrekec

oe` opporhetmy loe`-`hmkvhrh` kt td ^rhsk`het Roòt. Roòt keadrfh` Aolfy tlot lh wdum`

kffh`kothmy cd td Soslkectde td fhht wktl Iksskechr oe` tdm` Aolfy hxobtmy wlot lh woeth`

ardf tlh trkp.

Ke lks fhfdkrs, Aolfy bmokfh` tlot lh bdebhkvh` tlh k`hos tlot jhbofh tlh dphrotkdeom

dutmkeh adr tlh tobtkbs oe` strothcy da Hcyptkoe ehcdtkotkec pdmkby. Jut Rkrry, wld tddi tlh edths

ke tlks Dbtdjhr :< fhhtkec, sok` tlot Roòt prdvk`h` tlh drkckeom `htokmh` arofhwdri adr tlh


18/36

?? Pomis, oathrwor`s, dr ldw Iksskechr

wdum` toih bdetrdm da tlh ueadm`kec `kpmdfoby.

Plh arofhwdri, wlkbl Roòt `kbtoth` oe` Aolfy tddi td Soslkectde, kebmu`h` tlh

admmdwkec7 Ksrohm wdum` wktl`row td tlh Dbtdjhr :: mkehs9 omm prksdehrs-da-wor wdum` jh

rhmhosh`9 Ksrohm wdum` wktl`row td o mkeh kesk`h Rkeok host da tlh YstrothckbV posshs, wlkmh Hcypt's

adrbhs rhfokeh` ke pmobh9 X.E. adrbhs wdum` jh `hpmdyh` jhtwhhe tlh Hcyptkoe oe` Ksrohmk

adrbhs9 oathr Ksrohm storth` wktl`rowkec td tlh `kshecochfhet mkeh, Hcypt wdum` mkat tlh jmdbio`h

da tlh Rtrokts da Joj om-Foe`hj9 debh tlh `kshecochfhet wos bdfpmhth`, Hcypt wdum` stort

bmhorkec tlh Ruhz Boeom9 wktlke oe ocrhh` tkfh, Ksrohm wdum` wktl`row td tlh kethreotkdeom

ardetkhr9 ot tlks pdket, jhmmkchrheby wdum` he`.20

Omsd kebmu`h` ke tlh arofhwdri wos oe dutmkeh

da sthps td jh toihe td bdevheh oe kethreotkdeom bdeahrhebh, oe` td rhstdrh `kpmdfotkb rhmotkdes

jhtwhhe Hcypt oe` tlh Xekth` Rtoths. Ardf tlh dutsht da Hcypt's `kpmdfotkb haadrt, Roòt woeth`

omm sujstoetkvh kssuhs ocrhh` upde prkvothmy jhadrh rotkakbotkde ot o pujmkb bdeahrhebh.

Jy tlh tkfh Iksskechr fht wktl Roòt adr tlh akrst tkfh ke Bokrd de Edvhfjhr 3, ?;32,

Aolfy lo` omrho`y jrduclt Roòts k`hos td Soslkectde oe` lo` ckvhe tlhf td Iksskechr.

Rkfumtoehdusmy, ot tlh Ikmdfhthr ?>? Pomis, Roòt lo` om-Cofosy thmm [orkv tlot lh wdum` ocrhh

td shporoth fkmktory adrbhs ke plosh` phrkd`s da tkfh, hstojmksl o XE fdektdrh` juaahr zdeh

jhtwhhe tlh dppdskec orfkhs, oe` ommdw tlh rhpdpumotkde da tlh bktkhs omdec tlh Ruhz Boeom. Ke

tlhkr twd-oe`-deh-loma-ldur fhhtkec de Edvhfjhr 3, Iksskechr phrsuo`h` o pdsktkvhmy


19/36

?;

prh`kspdsh` Roòt edt td shttmh gust adr o shporotkde da adrbhs ocrhhfhet rhamhbtkvh da tlh Dbtdjhr

:: bhosh-akrh mkehs, jut adr o morchr `kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet wktl bdesk`hrojmy fdrh

skcekakboebh.28 Plks Edvhfjhr 3 vkskt wos pkvdtom ke sdmk`kaykec tlh bdebhpt da sthp-jy-sthp

`kpmdfoby jhboush Roòt oe` Iksskechr`hvksh` tlh strothcy da kethrkf sthps...ue`hr tlh foetmh

da o bdeahrhebh td jmhss tlh kethrkf sthps.21

Adr lks port, Roòt `k` edt ehh` td jh bdevkebh` da

tlh fhrkt da tlh sthp-jy-sthp opprdobl9 tlh edtkde da mkjhrotkec Rkeok tlrducl stochs dr ploshs

wos kelhrhet ke tlh Roòt-@oyoe hxbloech vko Soslkectde hkclthhe fdetls hormkhr, oe` Loahz

Ksfokm succhsth` kt td Iksskechr ke lks shbrht fhhtkecs hormkhr ke ?;32. Iksskechr omsd `ksbussh`

wktl Roòt hmhfhets da tlh skx-pdket pmoe wlkbl lh lo` rhvkhwh` wktl Fhkr ke Soslkectde wlhe

slh vkskth` tlhrh de Edvhfjhr 0. Ke lhr `hmhcotkde td Soslkectde wos [orkv lkfshma, wld lo`

toihe tlrhh òys daa ardf tomis wktl om-Cofosy. Slot lo` troespkrh` ke tlh prhvkdus the òys4

Roòt `kbtoth` oe dutmkeh tlot hfhrch` ardf tlh akrst [orkv-om-Cofosy fhhtkecs, Aolfy tddi kt

td Soslkectde, Iksskechr tlhe prhsheth` tlh dutmkeh td Fhkr, wld lo` shhe kt omrho`y oe`

`ksbussh` kt ke aumm wktl [orkv, oe` tlhe Iksskechr tddi kt jobi td Roòt de Edvhfjhr 3tl.

Iksskechr wos opporhetmy surprksh` tlot Roòt obbhpth` tlh skx-pdket pmoe sd qukbimy.23

Jut wly edt4 Lh oe` Fhkr, tlrducl tlhkr chehroms, lo` ehcdtkoth` kt. Kt wos skceh` de Edvhfjhr

?? ot ikmdfhthr ?>?. Plh skx-pdket pmoe ocrhh` de Edvhfjhr ?? oe` tlh sujshquhet [orkv-om-

Cofosy ue`hrstoe`kecs ot Ikmdfhthr ?>? whrh edt Iksskechr drkckeoms9 tlhy whrh lyjrk`s

porheth` jy Roòt oe` Fhkr. Plh `kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet `roath` jy Chehroms [orkv oe` om-

Cofosy de Edvhfjhr ??, ?;32, bdetokeh` tlh admmdwkec chehrom skx pdkets72

:. Jdtl sk`hs ocrhh tlot `ksbusskde jhtwhhe tlhf wkmm jhcke kffh`kothmy tdshttmh tlh quhstkde da tlh rhture td tlh Dbtdjhr :: pdsktkdes ke tlh arofhwdri da

ocrhhfhet de tlh `kshecochfhet oe` shporotkde da adrbhs ue`hr tlh ouspkbhs da

tlh Xekth` Eotkdes.2. Plh tdwe da Ruhz wkmm rhbhkvh òkmy suppmkhs da add`, wothr, oe`

fh`kbkeh. Omm wdue`h` bkvkmkoes ke tlh tdwe da Ruhz wkmm jh hvobuoth`.

0. Plhrh wkmm jh ed kfph`kfhet td tlh fdvhfhet da ede-fkmktory suppmkhstd tlh host joei Yda tlh Ruhz Boeom wlhrh tlh Plkr` Orfy wos surrdue`h`V.

8. Plh Ksrohmk blhbi-pdkets de tlh Bokrd-Ruhz rdo` wkmm jh rhpmobh` jy XE

blhbi-pdkets. Ot tlh Ruhz he` da tlh rdo`, Ksrohmk daakbhrs boe portkbkpoth wktl tlhXE td suphrvksh tlh ede-fkmktory eoturh da tlh borcd ot tlh joei da tlh boeom.

1. Os sdde os tlh XE blhbi-pdkets orh hstojmkslh` de tlh Bokrd-Ruhz rdo`,

tlhrh wkmm jh oe hxbloech da omm prksdehrs-da-wor, kebmu`kec wdue`h`.

Ke tlh fdfhets oathr tlh skcekec bhrhfdey wos bdfpmhth` ot ikmdfhthr ?>?, oe` wlkmh

tlh kethreotkdeom fh`ko whrh toikec pkbturhs, tlh `komdcuh jhtwhhe [orkv oe` Om-Cofosy whet

opprdxkfothmy os admmdws7 Fy `hor Chehrom, wlot `d ydu fhoe jy `kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet4 Kt

ks mksth` ke tlh skx-pdket ocrhhfhet, tlot plrosh. Om-Cofosy rhpmkh`, K sok` kt fhoes td pmobh tlh

trddps owoy ardf deh oedtlhr. [orkv rhpmkh`, Ed... Kt ks o Lorvor` hxprhsskde oe` kt ks

Iksskechr wld wkmm put tlh hxpmoeotkde adr kt, oe` ydu oe` K wkmm edt jh ojmh td `d oeytlkec ojdut

kt uetkm Iksskechr soys wlot lh fhoes jy kt.2;

Om-Cofosy obiedwmh`ch` tlh obburoby da [orkv's

osshssfhet. Jdtl Chehroms ue`hrstdd` tlot tlh `kpmdfotkb ehcdtkotkdes kevdmvkec pdmktkbom

`ksbusskdes wdum` jh umtkfothmy troesahrrh` td Iksskechr's bdetrdm, jut ehktlhr iehw wlhe dr ldw

tlot wdum` lopphe. Ehktlhr Chehrom wos yht prhporh` td `hmkvhr tlh ehcdtkotkec prhrdcotkvh td

lkf.

Oathr tlh skcekec bhrhfdey, [orkv oe` om-Cofosy bdetkeuh` td ehcdtkoth tlh `htokms da o

`kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet. Rujshquhet om-Cofosy-[orkv fhhtkecs tddi pmobh ot mhost hvhry twd

dr tlrhh òys, hobl adr shvhrom ldurs dr fdrh. ^rdcrhsskvhmy, `ksbusskdes jhbofh fdrh oe` fdrh


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sphbkakb. Os fhhtkecs jhbofh kebrhoskecmy ofkojmh, [orkv rhpmkh` wktl hvhe fdrh sphbkakbs.0>

Jdtl chehroms stroyh` jhyde` tlh sbdph kfpdsh` upde tlhf jy tlhkr pdmktkbom suphrkdrs. Plrducl

om-Cofosy, tlh Hcyptkoes succhsth` oe Ksrohmk wktl`rowom da tlkrty-akvh ikmdfhthrs `hhp ketd

Rkeok, wktl XE djshrvhrs shporotkec tlh jhmmkchrhet adrbhs, oe` o zdeh adr tlh `rowe-`dwe adrbhs

da jdtl orfkhs. Plh Hcyptkoes wdrih` dut tkfh sblh`umhs adr o aumm Ksrohmk wktl`rowom

obbdfpoekh` jy deh adr Ruhz Boeom rhpokr. Plhy kebmu`h` `ksbusskde ojdut adrbh mhvhms ke foke

oe` tlkeeh`-dut juaahr zdehs, tlh eufjhr da juaahr zdehs oe` tlhkr skzhs, tlh eufjhr da XE

phrsdeehm oe` wlhrh tlhy wdum` jh stotkdeh`, wlot outldrkty tlh XE wdum` hegdy ke rhmotkdeslkp

td Ksrohmk adrbhs, wlhe Hcyptkoe bkvkmkoes wdum` rhture td tlh Boeom Wdeh, htb. Om-Cofosy oe`

[orkv whet aurtlhr. Bdesk`hrojmh `htokm ojdut tlh skzh da tlh juaahr zdehs td jh hstojmkslh` wos

fo`h pujmkb ke o thmhvkskde kethrvkhw ckvhe jy Fhkr de Edvhfjhr ?1 oe` rhphoth` jy @oyoe td o

X.R. Bdecrhsskdeom `hmhcotkde de Edvhfjhr ?;. Plrhh `oys mothr, [orkv oe` om-Cofosy ocrhh`

tlot `kshecochfhet oe` shporotkde da adrbhs sldum` jh lhm` adr 2-1 fdetls admmdwh` jy

subbhsskvh Ksrohmk wktl`rowoms uetkm o mkeh ocrhh` upde ke phobh ehcdtkotkdes ks rhoblh`.0? Ot

tlh sofh fhhtkec, [orkv `rdpph` Ksrohms kesksthebh tlot tlh Hcyptkoe orfkhs de tlh host joei da

tlh Boeom rhture td tlh prh-wor mkehs. Om-Cofosy oe` [orkv ocrhh` tlot tlh foke Ksrohmk adrbh

sldum` jh sdfhwlhrh jhtwhhe 28 oe` 08 ikmdfhthrs host da tlh Boeom, `kshecochfhet oe`

shporotkde da adrbhs sldum` toih pmobh wktlke skx fdetls wktl Hcypt woetkec tlh akrst

`kshecochfhet bdfpmhth` jy Goeuory ?8, ?;30, oe` tlh Xekth` Eotkdes sldum` foe tlh `kaahrhet

juaahr zdehs td jh sht up jhtwhhe tlhkr rhsphbtkvh orfkhs. Ot tlhkr Edvhfjhr :1 fhhtkec, [orkv

oe` om-Cofosy lo` bdebmu`h` shvhrom dptkdes phrtokekec td tlh bdethet oe` kfpmhfhetotkde da

tlh `kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet. Plhrh whrh akvh dr skx `kaahrhet prdpdsoms adr tlh `hptl da Ksrohmk


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wktl`rowom ke Rkeok. [orkv stoth` tlot Ksrohm wos rho`y td wktl`row hvhe jhyde` tlh strothckb

posshs ka Hcypt wdum` fkekfkzh kts eufjhr da trddps, toeis, oe` ortkmmhry de tlh whsthre joei da

tlh boeom. Fops whrh hxbloech` ot vkrtuommy hvhry fhhtkec ke haadrts td rhobl kfpmhfhetojmh

bdfprdfkshs. Oathr tlh ehcdtkotkdes oe` tlh `htokms `ksbussh` ot fhhtkecs jhtwhhe Edvhfjhr

?; oe` Edvhfjhr :1, sdfh ihy `ksocrhhfhets rhfokeh` dvhr tlh eufjhr da adrbhs hobl sk`h

wdum` lovh ke tlh `kaahrhet juaahr zdehs, oe` tlh eufjhr, roech bopojkmkty, oe` ike`s da whopdes

hobl bdum` lovh ke tldsh zdehs.

De Edvhfjhr :


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Ksrohmk skebhrkty oe` trustwdrtlkehss. Ldwhvhr, wlhe tlh tomis he`h` de Edvhfjhr :;, ?;32,

vkrtuommy omm tlh `htokms adr o aumm `kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet whrh `ksbussh` oe` fo`h pujmkb.

Plh Ikmdfhthr ?>? Pomis he`h` jhboush Iksskechr woeth` tlhf he`h`. Ke lks fhfdkrs,

Iksskechr edth` tlot lh wos edt hochr adr o jrhoitlrducl ot Ikmdfhthr ?>? jhadrh tlh Chehvo

Bdeahrhebh...YktV thsth` dur potkhebh...Sh ehvhr iehw hxobtmy wlot wos lopphekec ot Ikmdfhthr

?>?...Ka `kshecochfhet `ksopphorh` ardf tlh oche`o, wh wdum` jh adrbh` ketd he`mhss

sikrfkslkec dvhr jrdo`hr kssuhs de wlkbl K iehw wh wdum` edt jh ojmh td `hmkvhr qukbimy. Os K

boutkdeh` YKsrohmk Ofjosso`dr td tlh X.R.V@kektz de @hbhfjhr 27 Ruppdsh [orkv bdfhs dut o

crhot lhrd de `kshecochfhet, wlot `d ydu `ksbuss Yot ChehvoV408

@kektz o``h` tlot Iksskechr

`k` edt vomuh `krhbt `ksbusskdes ot YIkmdfhthrV ?>? jhboush lh jhmkhvh` tlot tlhy wdum` jh

foikec YpdmktkbomV bdebhsskdes tlhrh td hobl dtlhr wktldut obtuommy hmkbktkec tlh aumm prkbh wlkbl

lh bdum` lovh djtokeh` lo` lh jhhe bldrhdcroplkec tlh ehcdtkotkdes.01

Iksskechr tdm` Hjoe,

Adr Cd`'s soih, stdp tlh [orkv-om-Cofosy tlkec put kt de tlh Chehvo mhvhm. Dtlhrwksh, wh

`de't lovh oe oche`o ke Chehvo.03

Iksskechr osih` Aolfy mothr ke Soslkectde, Slot orh ydu

`dkec4 Sly `k` ydu prhshet tlks Y`kshecochfhet pmoeV td tlh Ksrohmks Yot Ikmdfhthr ?>?V40? wktl tlot bost

da blorobthrs. Oe` td put kt fdrh prhbkshmy, ka oeyjd`y wos cdkec td oblkhvh o `kshecochfhet


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ocrhhfhet, kt wos Lhery Iksskechr lkfshma oe` lks phrsdeom rdmh.82

Plh Chehvo Fk``mh Host ^hobh Bdeahrhebh sustokeh` oe` bdeakrfh` Soslkectde's

`dfkeotkde da Oroj-Ksrohmk ehcdtkotkdes. Kt subbhssaummy blhbih` Rdvkht hecochfhet ke rhom

ehcdtkotkdes9 kt h`ch` tlhf td tlh sk`hmkehs. Kt adrfomkzh` o croùomkst, sthp-jy-sthp ehcdtkotkec

opprdobl tlrducl kethrkf ploshs jy adbuskec de Hcypt oe` Ksrohm. Kt covh kethreotkdeom soebtkde

td prhvkdusmy ocrhh`-upde Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk bhosh-akrh ehcdtkotkdes. Ke tlh lkstdrkbom bdethxt da

Oroj-Ksrohmk ehcdtkotkdes, tlh Chehvo Bdeahrhebh wos oe ueprhbh`heth` pujmkb hvhet,

`rofotkbommy dbburrkec ot o pkvdtom fdfhet oe` adrbhaummy o`voebkec procfotkb `kpmdfoby.

Obbdr`kec td Omdupl Lorhvhe, wld loe`mh` tlh pujmkb rhmotkdes adr tlh Ksrohmk `hmhcotkde td tlh

bdeahrhebh, ardf tlh fdfhet wh womih` ketd tlh Xekth` Eotkdes jukm`kec, tlks wos tlhothr, omm

tlhothr, purhmy tlhothr, suphrjmy bdeùbth` jy Iksskechr.80

Omtlducl Iksskechr prdghbth` o

pujmkb adbus okfh` ot o bdfprhlheskvh phobh, lh lo` ojsdmuthmy ed kethetkde da tobimkec

pdmktkbom kssuhs Yoathr tlh Dbtdjhr ?;32 Sor dr ot ChehvoV.88

Iksskechr aumakmmh` lks prdfksh td

osshfjmh o fumtkmothrom bdeahrhebh...td ush kt os o arofhwdri adr... hsshetkommy jkmothrom

`kpmdfoby.81

Loahz Ksfokm edth` tlot tlh ?;32 Chehvo Bdeahrhebh wos o tddm adr o fkmktory

`hmhcotkde td skt oe` wdri dut tlh `htokms da o `kshecochfhet ocrhhfhet.83

Plh Chehvo Fk``mh

Host ^hobh Bdeahrhebh shrvh` Roòts oe` Iksskechrs purpdshs7 td foketoke tlh `kpmdfotkb

kektkotkvh brhoth` jy tlh Dbtdjhr Sor ehbhssktoth` tlh ojrupt he` da tlh Ikmdfhthr ?>? Pomis.

Ke tlh oathrfotl da tlh ?;32 Sor, oe` jhtwhhe Goeuory ?;30 oe` Forbl ?;3;, tlh

ehcdtkotkec prdbhss wos dathe `kaakbumt, pujmkbommy roebdrdus, oe` rhmotkvhmy smdw. Jut ke

bdfporksde td tlh hxtrodr`keory bdfpmhx shrkhs da akts oe` storts ke Oroj-Ksrohmk ehcdtkotkdes tlot

admmdwh` ?;3; (wktl tlh hxbhptkde da tlh ehcdtkotkde oe` skcekec tlh Gdròekoe-Ksrohmk Prhoty ke


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Dbtdjhr ?;;0), Hcyptkoe-Ksrohmk ocrhhfhets (tlducl `kaakbumt td oblkhvh ke tlhkr tkfh) whrh

rhmotkvhmy mhss bdfpmhx. Pldsh mothr ehcdtkotkdes lo` td `hom wktl Ghrusomhf, ômhstkekoe bmokfs

td omm tlh moe` whst da tlh Gdròe Zkvhr, wld wos td sphoi adr tlh ômhstkekoes, phrsksthet Oroj

oe` Fdsmhf stoth rhghbtkde da Ksrohms rkclt td hxkst (mht omdeh os o Ghwksl stoth), tlh auturh da tlh

Cdmoe Lhkclts, wothr oe` strothckb shburkty kssuhs, oe` tlh kssuhs surrdue`kec Ksrohms fogdr

pdpumotkde bhethrs sktuoth` sd bmdshmy td ovdwh`my ldstkmh ehkcljdrs. ^hrlops kt ks ueaokr td

bdfporh tlh ocrhhfhets da ?;3>s td tlh lhovkmy jur`heh` ehcdtkotkec ocheò tlot admmdwh`.

Ldwhvhr, tlrhh krrhautojmh mhssdes foy jh mhoreh` tlh `kpmdfoby tlot hfhrch` ardf tlh

?;32 Sor7 Akrst, tlhrh lo` td jh o fdtkvotkde dr shvhrom fdtkvhs ardf jdtl sk`hs ke tlh

ehcdtkotkdes adr oe ocrhhfhet td toih pmobh. Oe hxthreommy kfpdsh` ocrhhfhet wos edt pdsskjmh9

eotkdeom shma-kethrhst wos rhqukrh` td sustoke ehcdtkotkdes oe` rhobl ehcdtkoth` ocrhhfhets.

Hcyptkoe oe` Ksrohmk mho`hrs jdtl iehw wlot tlhy woeth` ardf tlh rhsphbtkvh ocrhhfhets

ehcdtkoth`. Rhbde`, `hspkth akts oe` storts ke tlh ehcdtkotkdes ke tlh ?;32-?;3; phrkd`, hxhrbksh`

tlh pdmktkbom wkmm td bdetkeuh ehcdtkotkdes uetkm ocrhhfhets whrh rhoblh`. Roòt de tlh deh loe`,

Fhkr, Zojke, oe` Jhcke de tlh dtlhr whrh wkmmkec td wktlstoe` ehcotkvh aomm-dut ardf arkhe`s oe`

o`vhrsorkhs ke dr`hr td rhobl ocrhhfhets, ldwhvhr kfphrahbt tlhy foy lovh jhhe ardf o

portkbumor eotkdeom voetoch pdket. Oe` tlkr`, ocrhhfhets whrh rhoblh` jhboush tlhrh wos oe

hedrfdus ofduet da prkvoth prh-ehcdtkotkdes jhtwhhe tlh portkhs. Plh ?;32 Chehvo bdeahrhebh

wos prh-bddih`. ^rkdr td Roòts lkstdrkb vkskt td Ghrusomhf ke Edvhfjhr ?;33, ardf prkvoth

`ksbusskdes tlrducl tlh Zufoekoes oe` Fdrdbboes oe` edtojmy wktldut iedwmh`ch dr

kevdmvhfhet da tlh Ofhrkboes, Roòt oe` Jhcke ue`hrstdd` tlot tlhy bdum` rhobl oe

ue`hrstoe`kec dvhr Rkeok, hvhe ka omm tlh `hvkmksl `htokms lo` edt jhhe bmorkakh` td futuom


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sotksaobtkde jhadrh lks Edvhfjhr vkskt. Eorrdwkec da `kaahrhebhs jhtwhhe tlh sk`hs ojdut

^omhstkekoe outdedfy ks wlot tlh XR Rtoth @hportfhets Zdy Otlhrtde `k` ke ekeh sluttmh

fksskdes jhtwhhe Bokrd oe` Ghrusomhf ardf Goeuory Oucust ?;3


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:>2. Plh ake`kecs ardf tlh kethrvkhws whrh systhfotkbommy

rhkeadrbh` jy òto shburh` ardf tlh Arhh`df da Keadrfotkde Obt, ush da prhsk`hetkom orblkvhs,

oe` pujmkslh` fhfdkrs. Plh kethrvkhws bdeùbth` adrLhrdkb @kpmdfoby lovh jhhe `kcktkzh` oe`

wkmm jh fo`h ovokmojmh adr pujmkb ush jhckeekec ke :>?8.

?Adr tlh Fuatk, shh Clossoe Ioeoaoek, 6Plh ?;21-2; Zhvdmt ke ômhstkeh, Bdffktthh adr o

@hfdbrotkb ômhstkeh, Ehw [dri, ?;3: oe` jy Prkbdetkehetom Rdbkhty, Mde`de, ?;. De

Oroaot, shh Loek Rluirommol,Om-Olrof Shhimy, Oucust ?1-:: oe` Oucust :2-:;, :>>?, Iheehtl

S. Rthke, Oroaots Mhcoby, Kethreotkdeom ^dmktki, (Proesotmoetkb H`ktkde), @hbhfjhr :>>0,

lttp7//ksfk.hfdry.hù/ldfh/osshts/`dbufhets/sthke-pujmkbotkdes/whjskth%:>`dbs%:>:>??-

:>>0/oroaotsmhcoby.pà9 oe` [hzk` Roykcl, Oroaot oe` tlh Oeotdfy da o Zhvdmt, Rurvkvom,

0272 (Outufe :>>?), pp 031>.

: Adr o bdfprhlheskvh osshssfhet da Roòts phrsdeomkty oe` fdtkvhs os blorobthrkzh` jy tlh

`dzhes da ke`kvkùoms wld kethrobth` wktl lkf shh, Iheehtl S. Rthke, Lhrdkb @kpmdfoby Roòt,

Iksskechr, Borthr, Jhcke oe` tlh _uhst adr Oroj-Ksrohmk ^hobh, Zdutmh`ch, ?;;;, pp. ?-?


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:;

omsd Gdshpl Akeimhstdeh,Oewor Roòt Qkskdeory Sld @orh`, Aroei Boss, ?;;1.

2Eosshr whet td wor ke ?;13 td prdvh tlot lh wos o pdmktkbom ckoet oe` rhstdrh tlh owh oe`

prhstkch tlot foey da tlh Plkr` Sdrm` bduetrkhs ahmt adr lkf, jut wlkbl lo` jhhe ke `hbmkeh ke

rhbhet fdetls....Eosshr trkcchrh` Ytlh worV. Lh jy lks dwe ueadrtueoth sphhblhs lh brhoth` o

pdmktkbom sktuotkde tlot lh wos ueojmh td fosthr. Kethrvkhw rhforis jy Mubkus Jottmh, XR

Ofjosso`dr td Hcypt, Rhpthfjhr ?;12 td Forbl ?;13. Slhe Jottmh rhtureh` ardf Bokrd gust

prkdr td tlh ?;13 Sor, ^rhsk`het Mye`de Gdlesde sduclt lks òkmy keput de ue`hrstoe`kec Eosshr

oe` lks fdtkvotkdes. Ardf Jottmhs `hporturh ke Forbl adrwor`s, tlh XR `k` edt lovh oe

obbrh`kth` Ofjosso`dr ke Bokrd uetkm oathr tlh Dbtdjhr ?;32 Sor. Plh `hskceoth` XR

Ofjosso`dr Zkblor` Edmth iehw mkttmh ojdut Hcypt, rueekec oe hfjossy, oe` wos ehvhr

obbrh`kth`. ^rkdr td oe` ùrkec tlh ?;13 Sor, tlh XR `k` edt lovh oe ofjosso`dr ke Bokrd. Oathr

tlh wor, tlh XR wos rhprhsheth` jy o XR kethrhst shbtkde mdboth` ke tlh Ke`koe Hfjossy, akrst

lho`h` jy tlh vhry sovy @deom` Jhrcus. Rhh Ossdbkotkde adr @kpmdfotkb Rtu`khs oe` Prokekec

Adrhkce Oaaokrs Drom Lkstdry ^rdghbt, Plh Adrhkce Oaaokrs Drom Lkstdry Bdmmhbtkde da tlh

Ossdbkotkde adr @kpmdfotkb Rtu`khs oe` Prokekec, Gumy ?>, ?;;?, lttp7//fhfdry.mdb.cdv/bck-

jke/quhry/r4offhf/fa`kp7akhm`(@DBK@+fa`kp:>>0jot>2)9shh omsd Fkblohm Drhe, Rkx @oys da

Sor Gueh ?;13 oe` tlh Foikec da tlh Fd`hre Fk``mh Host, Dxadr`, :>>:.

0Zhforis jy Fdslh @oyoe, Ksrohmk Adrhkce Fkeksthr,Ghrusomhf ^dst, Edvhfjhr :2, ?;33.

8 Kethrvkhw wktl Eoatomk Movk, Gumy


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?;;:, Soslkectde, @.B.

3Kethrvkhw wktl Wok` Zkao'k, Goeuory ;, ?;;2, Offoe , Gdròe. Zkaok wos Gdròes Adrhkce

Fkeksthr ùrkec oe` oathr tlh ?;32 wor.

,

Bokrd. Os Fk``mh Host Ahmmdw da tlh Borthr Bhethr ot tlh tkfh, K tddi tlh trkp edths ot Borthrs

fhhtkecs wktl Fk``mh Hosthre pdmkby foihrs oe` mho`hrs ùrkec dur trkps td tlh Fk``mh Host ke

Forbl ?;, wktl o sht `hmkvhrh` td Borthr phrsdeommy. Borthr ehvhr `ksputh` tlot Roòt aokmh` td

suppdrt lkf de tlh fotthr da oe Ksrohmk shttmhfhet arhhzh, rhcor`mhss da ùrotkde. Ke tlh ?;3>s

oe` ?;s, om-Joz hfhrch` os Roòts oe` mothr Fujorois fdst trust pdmktkbom o`vkshr de fotthrs

rhmotkec td tlh Oroj wdrm`, Ksrohm, oe` tlh ehcdtkotkec prdbhss. Om-Joz wos port da tlh Hcyptkoe

`hmhcotkde ot tlh Rhpthfjhr ?;3< Bofp @ovk` tomis.

;Zhforis jy Oewor Roòt, Bokrd @dfhstkb Rhrvkbh, Ahjruory ??, ?;3?, os qudth` ke Adrhkce

Jrdo`bost Keadrfotkde Rhrvkbh, @okmy Zhpdrt Fk``mh Host oe` Edrtl Oarkbo, Ahjruory ?2,

?;3?, p. @0.

?>Kethrvkhw wktl Fdslh @oyoe jy Zofk Pom, Edvhfjhr ::, ?;31, [h`kdt Oloroedt, Oprkm :3,

?;;39 kethrvkhws wktl Eoatomk Movk, Gumy


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2?

?:Kethrvkhw wktl @deom` Jhrcus, Lho` da tlh XR kethrhsts shbtkde ke Bokrd, ?;13-?;3:, Goeuory

:0, ?;;?, Rhh Ossdbkotkde adr @kpmdfotkb Rtu`khs oe` Prokekec Adrhkce Oaaokrs Drom Lkstdry

^rdghbt,Plh Adrhkce Oaaokrs Drom Lkstdry Bdmmhbtkde da tlh Ossdbkotkde adr @kpmdfotkb Rtu`khs

oe` Prokekec,

lttp7//fhfdry.mdb.cdv/bckjke/quhry/R4offhf/fa`kpjkj7akhm`(OXPLDZ+d`?(Jhrcus,+@deom

`+B+) Kethrvkhw wktl Fkblohm Rthrehr, Hcyptkoe @hsi Daakbhr, @hportfhet da Rtoth, ?;1;-?;30,

Foy ?2, ?;;:. Fhfdroeò da Bdevhrsotkdes Lhery Iksskechr, Eotkdeom Rhburkty O`vkshr wktl

Loahz Ksfokm, Orfdei, Ehw [dri, :8:1 Ahjruory ?;32, Eotkdeom Orblkvhs, Soslkectde, @B.

Jdx 8;, @RZ, Iksskechr, ?;3233 bot O9 Fhfdroeùf da Bdevhrsotkde Lhery Iksskechr wktl

Loakz Ksfokm, :> Foy, EO, 8;, Eotkdeom Orblkvhs,Soslkectde, @B, E^F^, ERBA, LOI, ?28,

?;3233, :8, bot "B"

?2. Phxt da Roòt's Dbtdjhr Sor Oeekvhrsory Kethrvkhw, Dbtdjhr 1, ?;33, Bokrd @dfhstkb

Rhrvkbh, os qudth` ke Adrhkce Jrdo`bost Keadrfotkde Rhrvkbh, @okmy Zhpdrt - Fk``mh Host oe`

Edrtl Oarkbo Ruppmhfhet, Dbtdjhr :8, ?;33, p. 2, ?;;:, Soslkectde, @.B. 9 Fdlofh` Lhkiom, Outufe

da Aury7 Plh Ossosskeotkde da Roòt, (Ehw [dri7 Zoe`df Ldush, ?;-?.

?8. Kethrvkhw wktl Xsofol om-Joz, Edvhfjhr ;, ?;;:, Bokrd, Hcypt.

?1. Kethrvkhw wktl Wok` Zkao'k, Goeuory ;, ?;;2, Offoe, Gdròe.

?3. Kethrvkhw wktl Oj` om-Lomkf Ilo`òf, Gumy ?


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2:

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22

:1. Kethrvkhw wktl Dfor Rkrry, Goeuory 8, ?;;2, Bokrd, Hcypt.

:3. Kethrvkhw wktl Olfh` Folhr, oe Hcyptkoe Adrhkce Fkekstry daakbkom ot tlh tkfh, Gumy :;,

?;;2, Soslkectde, @.B.

:? tomis `krhbtmy ketd fy toph rhbdr`hr. Om-Cofosy wos ed mhss boe`k` ke lks

rhbdmmhbtkde da tlh tomis wktl [orkv. Pd fy iedwmh`ch, oe` obbdr`kec td jdtl da tlhf, tlhy `k`

edt fhht ocoke oathr tlhkr Ikmdfhthr ?>? hebduethrs.

:;. Kethrvkhw wktl Dfor Rkrry, Goeuory 8, ?;;2, Bokrd, Hcypt.

2>. Kethrvkhw wktl Oj` om-Cloek om-Cofosy, Edvhfjhr ?>, ?;;:, Lhmkdpdmks, Hcypt.

2?. Kethrvkhw wktl Olorde [orkv, Forbl :1, ?;;:, Zofot Ovkv, Ksrohm.

2:. Kethrvkhw wktl Oj` om-Cloek om-Cofosy, Edvhfjhr ?>, ?;;:, Lhmkdpdmks, Hcypt.

22. Kethrvkhw wktl Dfor Rkrry, Goeuory 8, ?;;2, Bokrd, Hcypt.

20. Kethrvkhw wktl Dfor Rkrry, Goeuory 8, ?;;2, Bokrd, Hcypt9 Folfdu` Zko`, Plh Rtruccmh adr

^hobh ke tlh Fk``mh Host, (Mde`de7 _uortht Jddis), ?;, ?;;:, Soslkectde, @.B. Roue`hrs oe` Zd`foe lovh omfdst

k`hetkbom rhbdmmhbtkdes da tlks Iksskechr pmho`kec td Ro`ot.

21. Kethrvkhws wktl Lordm` Roue`hrs, Foy ?:, ?;;:, Soslkectde, @.B., oe` Loahz Ksfokm,

Goeuory 3, ?;;2, Bokrd, Hcypt.


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20

23. Fdloffh` Lhkiom, Outufe da Aury7 Plh Ossosskeotkde da Ro`ot, (Ehw [dri7 Zoe`df

Ldush), ?;


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28

28

Bdetkeuotkde da Sor jy Dtlhr Fhoes (Edvhfjhr ?;32 - Foy ?;38), ôrt Pwd, (Mhk`he7 H.G.

Jrkmm), ?;3;, pp. 000, 0309 oe` Zoplohm Ksrohmk, Plh ûjmkb @kory da ^rhsk`het Roòt7 Plh Zdo` da

^rocfotksf (Gueh ?;38-Dbtdjhr ?;31), ôrt Plrhh, (Mhk`he7 H.G. Jrkmm), ?;3;, p. ?>00.

00. Kethrvkhw wktl Lhrfoee A. Hkmts, Oprkm ??, ?;;?, Jdstde, Fossoblushtts.

08. Lhery Iksskechr, [hors da Xplhovom, (Jdstde7 Mkttmh, Jrdwe oe` Bdfpoey), ?;, ?;;:, Ghrusomhf, Ksrohm.

03. Kethrvkhw wktl Ojjo Hjoe, Forbl :0, ?;;:, Lhrzhmko, Ksrohm.

0. Kethrvkhws wktl Lhrfoee A. Hkmts, Oprkm ??, ?;;?, Jdstde, Fossoblushtts9 Loahz Ksfokm,

Goeuory 3, ?;;2, Bokrd, Hcypt9 oe` Jrkoe Xrqulort, Ahjruory :


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21

83. Kethrvkhw wktl Loahz Ksfokm, Goeuory 3, ?;;2, Bokrd, Hcypt.

evolving a diplomatic legacy from the war: the us, egyptian, and israeli triangle

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