evolution series edge technical description rev c - letter

NGP\00586 Rev.C, 2009-10-29 Evolution SeriesTM EDGE 1

The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nera's customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the documentation is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nera.

The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement made between Nera and the customer. However, Nera has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the documentation are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nera will, if necessary, explain issues that may not be covered by the documentation. Nera's liability for any errors in the documentation is limited to the documentary correction of errors.

NERA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this documentation or the information in it. This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according to the applicable laws.

NERA logo is a registered trademark of Eltek ASA. Other product names mentioned in this documentation may be trademarks of their respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.

Copyright Nera Networks AS 2009. All rights reserved.

2 Evolution SeriesTM EDGE NGP\00586 Rev. C, 2009-10-29

Document history

Revision Date Summary of changes Rev A 23.Dec.2008 First Release Rev B 29.May.2009 Updated Signature numbers

Added Adjacent and Co-channel data Updated IFU ODU cable requirements

Rev C 29.Oct.2009 Added R2 supported features: o Ethernet IFU for the ANSI market o 11GHz ODU o HSB RPS mode o Ethernet RSTP o Encrypted management traffic

Removed Ethernet QinQ support (not available yet)


Contents Page 1. INTRODUCTION - EVOLUTION SERIES....................................................................................................7

1.1. TECHNOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE................................................................................................7 1.2. NETWORK APPLICATIONS...................................................................................................................8

2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW EVOLUTION SERIES EDGE...............................................................................9 2.1. HARDWARE OVERVIEW.......................................................................................................................9 2.2. SOFTWARE OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................10 2.3. COMPATIBILITY WITH EVOLUTION SERIES METRO & XPAND................................................10 2.4. FEATURES BASIC TERMINAL ........................................................................................................10 2.5. LICENSED FEATURES (SOFTWARE CONTROLLED) .....................................................................10 2.6. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS ..............................................................................................................11

2.6.1. 1+0 system......................................................................................................................................11 2.6.2. Hot StandBy (HSB) system ............................................................................................................11

2.7. TEST FEATURES ...................................................................................................................................13 2.7.1. Looping & built-in PRBS ...............................................................................................................13

2.8. IFU UNIT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................14 2.8.1. IFU Interfaces .................................................................................................................................14 2.8.2. IFU LEDs........................................................................................................................................15 2.8.3. SD memory card slot ......................................................................................................................15 2.8.4. IFU reset button ..............................................................................................................................15 2.8.5. E1-cross-connect (IFU-A version)..................................................................................................15

2.9. ODU UNIT DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................................16

3. GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................17 3.1. LINK CAPACITY ...................................................................................................................................17 3.2. FREQUENCY BANDS ...........................................................................................................................17 3.3. EQUIPMENT REFERENCE POINTS ....................................................................................................19 3.4. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS..........................................................................19 3.5. ETSI EQUIPMENT CLASS ....................................................................................................................19 3.6. ENVIRONMENTAL ...............................................................................................................................20

3.6.1. Electromagnetic Compatibility Conditions (EMC).........................................................................20 3.6.2. Safety conditions.............................................................................................................................20 3.6.3. RoHS and WEEE compliance ........................................................................................................20 3.6.4. Environmental conditions ...............................................................................................................20 3.6.5. Outdoor Enclosure Protection.........................................................................................................20

3.7. MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................................21 3.7.1. Installation ......................................................................................................................................21 3.7.2. Dimensions .....................................................................................................................................21 3.7.3. Weights ...........................................................................................................................................21

3.8. POWER SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION.............................................................................................22 3.9. SYSTEM RELIABILITY ........................................................................................................................22

3.9.1. Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)...........................................................................................22 4. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................................................23

4.1. TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS.................................................................................................23 4.1.1. Nominal Output Power ...................................................................................................................23 4.1.2. Automatic/Manual Power Control (ATPC/MTPC) ........................................................................23 4.1.3. TX oscillator frequency tolerance...................................................................................................24

4.2. RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................................................24 4.2.1. Receiver Threshold Adaptive Modulation Mode.........................................................................24 4.2.2. Receiver Threshold 4 QAM - 7 MHz BW......................................................................................24 4.2.3. Receiver Threshold 16 QAM - 7 MHz BW....................................................................................24 4.2.4. Receiver Threshold 32 QAM - 7 MHz BW....................................................................................24 4.2.5. Receiver Threshold 4 QAM - 14 MHz BW....................................................................................25 4.2.6. Receiver Threshold 16 QAM - 14 MHz BW..................................................................................25 4.2.7. Receiver Threshold 32 QAM - 14 MHz BW..................................................................................25 4.2.8. Receiver Threshold 4 QAM - 28 MHz BW....................................................................................26 4.2.9. Receiver Threshold 16 QAM - 28 MHz BW..................................................................................26


4.2.10. Receiver Threshold 32 QAM - 28 MHz BW..................................................................................26 4.2.11. Maximum input signal level ...........................................................................................................27 4.2.12. RX oscillator frequency tolerance ..................................................................................................27 4.2.13. Noise Figure ...................................................................................................................................27

4.3. SYSTEM PERFORMANCE....................................................................................................................27 4.3.1. Equipment background BER (Residual BER) ................................................................................27 4.3.2. System Signature ............................................................................................................................27 4.3.3. Co-channel interference sensitivity ................................................................................................28 4.3.4. Adjacent channel interference sensitivity .......................................................................................28

4.4. DIPLEXER AND ANTENNA INTERFACE..........................................................................................29 4.4.1. General description.........................................................................................................................29 4.4.2. RF-Coupler .....................................................................................................................................29 4.4.3. Interface to Antenna feeder system non integrated antennas.......................................................29

4.5. IFU-ODU INTERFACE ..........................................................................................................................30 4.5.1. Cable interface characteristics ........................................................................................................30 4.5.2. Cable requirements .........................................................................................................................30 4.5.3. Lightening arrestor requirements....................................................................................................30

5. BASEBAND CHARACTERISTICS...............................................................................................................31 5.1. GENERAL ...............................................................................................................................................31 5.2. IP AND MPLS PACKET TRAFFIC SUPPORT.....................................................................................31 5.3. ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS........................................................................................................31

5.3.1. Ethernet Interfaces ..........................................................................................................................31 5.3.2. Throughput .....................................................................................................................................31 5.3.3. Ethernet Frame Delay & Frame Delay Variation ...........................................................................32 5.3.4. Flow Control...................................................................................................................................32 5.3.5. MAC learning .................................................................................................................................32 5.3.6. L2 switch modes .............................................................................................................................32 5.3.7. VLAN switching.............................................................................................................................32 5.3.8. Quality of Service (QoS) ................................................................................................................33 5.3.9. Rapid Spanning Tree ......................................................................................................................33 5.3.10. Maximum Packet Size ....................................................................................................................33 5.3.11. Packet Statistics ..............................................................................................................................33

5.4. E1 CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................................34 5.4.1. E1 Interfaces ...................................................................................................................................34 5.4.2. E1 priority.......................................................................................................................................34 5.4.3. E1 delay ..........................................................................................................................................34

5.5. EBUS CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................................................34 5.6. EXTERNAL ALARM INPUT CHARACTERISTICS ...........................................................................35

6. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS .....................................................................................36 6.1. THE BUILT-IN SUPERVISION SYSTEM ............................................................................................36

6.1.1. Telnet ..............................................................................................................................................36 6.1.2. Event log stored in NE....................................................................................................................37 6.1.3. Monitoring of traffic performance ..................................................................................................37 6.1.4. Security management......................................................................................................................38 6.1.5. SNMP .............................................................................................................................................38

6.2. CONNECTION TO NERA NETMASTER.............................................................................................38

7. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................39 8. TERMINOLOGY.............................................................................................................................................41 APPENDIX 1 ODU/Diplexer sub-band range .....................................................................................................42


List of Figures Page Figure 2-1 Block diagram, 1+0 terminal ..................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2-2 Block diagram, HSB - EPS........................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 2-3 Block diagram, HSB RPS....................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2-4 System loopbacks & PRBS........................................................................................................................ 13 Figure 2-5 IFU-A (Ethernet & E1) .............................................................................................................................. 14 Figure 2-6 IFU-B (Ethernet)........................................................................................................................................ 14 Figure 2-7 E1 Cross-Connect ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 2-8 ODU 1+0 & 30cm (1ft) antenna ................................................................................................................ 16 Figure 2-9 ODU Hot Standby & 60cm (2ft) antenna .................................................................................................. 16 Figure 3-1 Principle block diagram for a radio system ............................................................................................... 19

List of Tables Page Table 3-1 Link Capacity.............................................................................................................................................. 17 Table 3-2 Frequency bands ......................................................................................................................................... 18 Table 3-3 ETSI equipment class, fixed modulation .................................................................................................... 19 Table 3-4 Power Consumption Terminal ................................................................................................................. 22 Table 3-5 Power Consumption - Units ........................................................................................................................ 22 Table 3-6 MTBF Figures............................................................................................................................................. 22 Table 4-1 Nominal output power................................................................................................................................. 23 Table 4-2 Receiver threshold 4 QAM in 7 MHz channel ............................................................................................ 24 Table 4-3 Receiver threshold 16 QAM in 7 MHz channel .......................................................................................... 24 Table 4-4 Receiver threshold 32 QAM in 7 MHz channel .......................................................................................... 24 Table 4-5 Receiver threshold 4 QAM in 14 MHz channel .......................................................................................... 25 Table 4-6 Receiver threshold 16 QAM in 14 MHz channel ........................................................................................ 25 Table 4-7 Receiver threshold 32 QAM in 14 MHz channel ........................................................................................ 25 Table 4-8 Receiver threshold 4 QAM in 28 MHz channel .......................................................................................... 26 Table 4-9 Receiver threshold 16 QAM in 28 MHz channel ........................................................................................ 26 Table 4-10 Receiver threshold 32 QAM in 28 MHz channel ...................................................................................... 26 Table 4-11 Maximum input signal level...................................................................................................................... 27 Table 4-12 Typical and guaranteed signature values................................................................................................... 27 Table 4-13 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ......................................................................................................... 28 Table 4-14 Adjacent Channel Interference Sensitivity................................................................................................ 28 Table 4-15 RF-coupler loss ......................................................................................................................................... 29 Table 4-16 ODU flanges and waveguide..................................................................................................................... 29 Table 4-17 Recommended IFU-ODU cables .............................................................................................................. 30 Table 5-1 Ethernet Frame Delay & Delay Variation................................................................................................... 32 Table 6-1 RMON packet counters............................................................................................................................... 37


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Scope Section 1 of this document gives an overview of Nera Evolution Series PTP microwave radios. Section 2 and onwards covers the Evolution Series EDGE specifications.

1. INTRODUCTION - EVOLUTION SERIES The Nera Evolution Series covers products for all type of professional wireless carrier systems. Neras microwave experience dates back more than 60 years, with a leading position in this field.

The Nera Evolution Series microwave radio dramatically changes the operations for wireless transmission network owners. With common platform architecture, transmission capacity, system configurations and transmission protocols can be changed to adapt to future needs. Evolution Series is designed with focus on high MTBF to achieve low cost of ownership. Fullband ODUs leads to requirement for very few spare parts and simplified logistics. Evolution Series ensures maximum uptime and low maintenance.

The Evolution Series microwave radio family is designed to transmit data rates from about 6 Mb/s to 1.6 GB/s, in frequency bands from 4 GHz to 40 GHz. The configuration of capacity and modulation is configurable, giving an optimal balance between system gain and spectral efficiency. The units in the system are very flexible allowing a wide range of capacities and features to be enabled by software.

Network operators can easily future proof the network as the microwave radio can easily adapt to the evolution of the transmission network. Growing traffic and the convergence of network technologies causes changing requirements, such as capacity upgrades, change of transmission systems between PDH, SDH/SONET and pure Ethernet; all this is simply implemented by software configuration change and change of interface modules. The available interfaces range from E1, T1, E3, DS3 STM-1/OC-3, and STM-4/OC12 to 10/100BASE-TX and Gigabit Ethernet.

The Evolution Series radios are integrated in Neras EM/NMS system, NetMaster. Integration of Fault and Performance management into 3rd party SNMP Managers are possible using the Evolution SNMP MIBs provided by Nera.

Evolution Series Main Features and Benefits:

Licensed frequency bands from 4 to 40 GHz, ETSI and ANSI Indoor and outdoor configurations from non-protected to 7+1 Channel bandwidths from 5 to 56 MHz Throughput from 6Mb/s in 5MHz to 350Mb/s in 56MHz One Transceiver covers one complete frequency band (very few spares needed) Low power consumption Embedded advanced Ethernet switching features Native Ethernet and E1/T1 mapping or Ethernet and E1/T1 over SDH/SONET

1.1. Technology and Architecture The Evolution Series microwave radio utilizes the state-of-the-art technology to achieve low power consumption and high reliability.

A high degree of RF circuit integration is achieved using Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits (MMICs). This, combined with a direct at RF modulation architecture, enables a broadband and compact ODU design. Furthermore, patented power amplifier technology delivers low power consumption which further enhances reliability.


The modem contains multi-level modulation, combined with powerful error correction codes. The modem is extremely flexible, enabling an optimum configuration for all capacities and channel plans.

The ODU consists of a Transceiver and a Diplexer. The ODU is frequency and capacity agile over the whole frequency band. The Diplexer tuning range is very wide and most frequency bands can be covered by 2-3 variants for the whole band. The frequency setting is easy and is performed locally or remotely through the GUI or element manager.

The ODU can be mounted directly on the antenna, both in unprotected and protected configurations. The ODU can also be mounted on the antenna pole, using a short flexible waveguide to the antenna.

The various InterFace Units (IFUs) are extremely compact, catering for cost efficient solutions to both TDM and Ethernet traffic needs. The IFUs contains the user interfaces, baseband processing and multiplexing, management and radio interfaces. The embedded SDH/PDH cross-connects allows flexible aggregation of TDM traffic from tail sites, while the advanced Ethernet L2/VLAN-switch performs carrier Ethernet service aggregation and QoS functions. 1.2. Network Applications The Evolution Series microwave radio is ideally suited for carrier grade backhauling of mobile- and/or WiMAX- networks. The flexibility in configurations between Ethernet, E1/T1 and SDH/SONET is future-proofing the investment, as the equipment can easily adapt to a pure packet network by simple software re-configuration.

Backhaul networks - The Evolution Series PtP radio is ideal for demanding and critical application such as backhaul of 3G

and the emerging 4G cellular systems. The hybrid nature of the Evolution Series, makes it a perfect choice for backhaul of legacy TDM based services as well as a mix mode network, where TDM and IP traffic are carried over a shared link, towards the next generation all IP infrastructure.

- Where loss of traffic directly results in loss of revenue, reliability and maximum uptime are critical parameters for the network operator. The Evolution Series reliable and flexible architecture as well as high system gain, ensures increased availability of the offered services, and a secured revenue stream. The embedded E1 cross-connect enables routing of traffic without the need for external cabling. The radio can be configured for a wide range of capacities, ensuring an optimal utilization of the available spectrum as well as capabilities for upgrading when traffic demand increases or new services are introduced.

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2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW EVOLUTION SERIES EDGE The remaining sections of this document cover Evolution Series EDGE.

Evolution Series EDGE is a fully software configurable point-to-point radio system with split architecture. Transmission capacity, adaptive modulation and Ethernet features are controlled by licenses and upgrades can easily be done after installation.

The ANSI version of the IFU supports 100Mbps Ethernet. The ETSI version of IFU includes, in addition to Ethernet interfaces, 20E1 interfaces and embedded E1 cross-connect.

Evolution Series EDGE - Main Features and Benefits:

Licensed frequency bands: 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 38 GHz System configuration: 1+0 and Hot Standby Channel bandwidths: 7, 14 or 28-30 MHz One Transceiver covers one complete frequency band (very few spares needed) Throughput: 10.5 111 Mb/s Fixed or hitless adaptive modulation Native mapping of Ethernet traffic into radio-frame with minimal overhead Advanced Ethernet switching features EBUS - for easy interconnection of IFUs in a traffic node Up to 20xE1 mapped directly to radio-frame Embedded E1 cross-connect Low power consumption

Evolution Series EDGE is utilizing native mapping of traffic into the radio frame. With the ETSI IFU, E1 capacity is optional, and selectable up to 20xE1. Remaining link capacity is used for Ethernet traffic. Fixed or adaptive modulation is selectable in RF-channels of 7, 14 or 28-30 MHz. Changes and upgrades can be done by the user without HW changes of the basic platform.

In adaptive modulation mode, the radio will select the highest possible throughput based on received signal quality. If the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust modulation and link throughput is consequently reduced. When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link throughput is restored to the original setting. The throughput changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced). During a period of reduced throughput, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and E1 priority - settings. In case of congestion, Ethernet and/or E1 traffic with lowest priority is dropped. E1 capacity is fixed per modulation state based on the E1 priority setting.

2.1. Hardware Overview A non-protected terminal consists of one IFU, one ODU and one antenna. The IFU and the ODU is interconnected by a single coaxial cable carrying power to the ODU and user-traffic. Maximum distance between IFU and ODU is 200m/650ft. The ODU consist of a Transceiver and a Diplexer. Each Transceiver covers a full frequency band (e.g. the 23GHz band). The Diplexer covers a sub-band, and there are typically 2-3 different diplexers per frequency band. The diplexers are field replaceable. For an ODU/diplexer overview see Appendix 1.


2.2. Software Overview The equipment has two software banks in the IFU, one active and one inactive for backup and upgrades. Upgrades can be downloaded to the inactive software bank using the Graphical User Interface (GUI) or the element manager (NetMaster). Active software bank can be switched any time controlled from NetMaster or through the GUI. Software to the ODU is automatically uploaded from the IFU at power up. Optional software licenses are stored in the IFU. Each IFU is given an IP-address and is considered as a network element together with its accompanied ODU. A HSB-terminal is then consistently considered as two network elements. Terminal configuration can be uploaded from the terminal for backup and duplication needs, and downloaded to the terminal from a saved configuration file.

2.3. Compatibility with Evolution Series METRO & XPAND The Evolution Series EDGE is a hardware optimized solution based on the Evolution Series platform. The IFU and ODU are optimized for cost effective edge networks, requiring TDM (E1) connections and/or carrier Ethernet services. The ODU has the same physical appearance and is using the same diplexers, couplers and antenna mount systems as the Evolution Series METRO & XPAND ODU. The external diplexer design, allowing easy replacement of diplexers in the field, is common for all Evolution Series ODUs. The cable and connectors between the IFU and the ODU is the same. Installation and operation of the different Evolution Series variants are very similar, and look and feel is the same. The user interface in the embedded web manger is similar to the other Evolution Series variants, and the management solutions for the NMS are also following the same principles.

2.4. Features basic terminal Evolution Series EDGE (no feature license required):

1+0 or Hot Standby configuration 7 MHz 10.5 Mbps 14 MHz 21 Mbps 28-30 MHz 44 Mbps Ethernet 4xFE with MAC switching (one in EBUS#1-interface) Ethernet QoS 4 Alarm input - open/closed circuit configurable Configuration and control through built-in Web-server using a standard web-browser SNMPv2 for network management

2.5. Licensed features (software controlled) Fixed higher order modulation (16 and 32 QAM), enabling capacity up to 111 Mbps Adaptive Modulation (This license includes fixed higher order modulation) E1 transport, up to 20xE1 E1 cross-connect (4x20E1 PXC) SNMPv3 / HTTPS (encrypted network management) VLAN-switching (IEEE 802.1Q). This feature allows tagging of untagged traffic (priority and

VLAN-id) as well as assigning VLAN membership to each switch port Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP Ethernet loop protection)


2.6. System Configurations Evolution Series EDGE is available in the following configurations:

1+0 (Non Protected) Hot Standby:

o Equipment Protection Switching (EPS). IFU and ODU are protected. External split of traffic required

o Radio Protection Switching (RPS). ODU is protected. Internal split of traffic. All customer connections to main IFU

2.6.1. 1+0 system The 1+0 configuration consists of an IFU with 20 E1 interfaces, two EDGE-bus serial interfaces and three FE Ethernet interfaces. A single coaxial cable connects the IFU to the ODU. The ODU is mounted directly on the antenna or near the antenna. When the ODU is not mounted directly on the antenna, a short flexible waveguide is used to connect the ODU to the antenna port.

Figure 2-1 Block diagram, 1+0 terminal

2.6.2. Hot StandBy (HSB) system The HSB configuration consists of two IFUs connected through EBUS in a Main/Standby mode, two coaxial cables to the ODUs and two ODUs mounted on an RF-Coupler Unit or on two separate antennas. The RF-Coupler can be asymmetrical or symmetrical, and the RF-Coupler/ODU assembly can be mounted directly on the antenna or near the antenna. When the RF-Coupler is not directly mounted, a short flexible waveguide is used to connect the RF-Coupler to the antenna port.

HSB Space Diversity: Improved system performance can be achieved by use of two antennas), and no coupler. This configuration provides path diversity as well as higher system gain with the same size antennas.

IFU Configuration modes: Two alternative IFU configuration modes are available; HSB-EPS with protection of IFU and ODU and HSB-RPS with protection of ODU.

2.6.2.1. Hot Standby Equipment Protection Switching (HSB-EPS) E1s and Alarm inputs are connected to both IFUs using a Y-split-cable. Ethernet protection is achieved by using separate connections from an external Ethernet switch. EBUS2 between the IFUs is used for control and monitoring.


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Figure 2-2 Block diagram, HSB - EPS

2.6.2.2. Hot Standby Radio Protection Switching (HSB-RPS) Ethernet, E1s and Alarm inputs are all connected to the main IFU. Internal switching in the main IFU is used to distribute traffic to the Standby IFU. EBUS1 between the IFUs is used for traffic, control and monitoring.

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Figure 2-3 Block diagram, HSB RPS

2.6.2.3. HSB switching Manual HSB Switching: Manual switching is available using the equipment graphical user interface.

Automatic HSB Switching: Switching is based on individual hardware alarms or a combination of several hardware alarms. TX and RX direction (one terminal) are switched simultaneously if one or more of the switch criteria are active. Masking of switch criteria is possible. Switching can be configured to be revertive or non-revertive. Total switching time is < 2s.

Default TX switching criteria: TX Alarm E1 LOS Alarm (on any enabled E1) Ethernet Link Loss Alarm (on any enabled Ethernet access ports excl ETH#1 used

for management)

Default RX switching criteria: HBER Alarm Demod Synch Loss Alarm ODU Lost Contact Alarm LOWRF (additional criteria used for fixed modulation configurations)


2.7. Test features

2.7.1. Looping & built-in PRBS The following looping possibilities are built into the equipment and can be activated from the Graphical User Interface. All loopbacks are automatically de-activated after a user selected activation period. The E1s can be individually configured to run built-in PRBS tests. In combination with E1-looping it is then possible to do an E1 performance test from one location.

Ethernet loopbacks require test-instruments that accept traffic coming back to the same interface.

Figure 2-4 System loopbacks & PRBS Local terminal loopback: Loopback to other terminal: 1. E1 (LIU) 2. E1 (LIU) towards ODU 3. Ethernet (switch) 4. Ethernet (switch) towards ODU 5. ODU


2.8. IFU Unit Description Two HW-versions of the IFU are available. The A-version has Ethernet and E1 interfaces, and the B-version has Ethernet interfaces only. The IFUs are extremely low power units with fixed interfaces. Each unit is slightly less than 1RU high and only half 19 width wide. Two IFUs can be mounted next to each other in a 19 rack, and two IFUs are used in protected configurations. The two IFU variants are compatible if configured without E1.

The IFUs contains a built-in controller, Ethernet interfaces and a built-in Ethernet switch for packet traffic. The A-version includes also E1 interfaces and cross-connect for the E1 traffic. Traffic capacity and mix of Ethernet and E1 is user selectable with some features controlled by software licenses. Ethernet- and E1- traffic are then carried over the coaxial interface to the ODU where the signals are modulated to the RF-carrier. The IFU has a built-in web-server, and may be managed by a standard web-browser.

Figure 2-5 IFU-A (Ethernet & E1)

Figure 2-6 IFU-B (Ethernet)

2.8.1. IFU Interfaces The IFU is equipped with the following interfaces/connectors:

1 x RJ45 for Alarm-input (4 x External Alarm Input) 3 x 10/100 Base-TX interface 2 x EBUS (RJ45) for interconnection of IFUs (including 1xFE on EBUS#1) 1 x ODU interface (TNC) -48V Power GND connector (M4 screw) SD memory card slot (for future use) Additional interfaces for IFU-A: 20 x E1 (2xE1 on each RJ45 connector)


2.8.2. IFU LEDs The IFU has four LEDs at the left end indicating power and alarm/traffic status. One LED at the right end of the IFU is indicating Radio (ODU) status.

2.8.3. SD memory card slot An SD memory card slot is provided at the side of the IFU. A standard SD- or SDHC- memory card can be inserted to store configuration data and/or RF-input time series measurements.

2.8.4. IFU reset button A reset button is provided next to the ODU-interface. The reset button is accessed through a small hole in the IFU-front and is used to reset configuration to factory default.

2.8.5. E1-cross-connect (IFU-A version) The IFU-A contains an embedded 4-port PDH X-Connect (PXC). All E1s may be cross-connected individually between each of the four ports. One port goes to the 20xE1 Line Interfaces, one port goes to the Radio Interface, and the last two ports goes to the EBUS interfaces (EBUS #1 and #2). Each of the four ports can handle up to 20 E1 circuits (4x20E1 non-blocking cross-connect).

Figure 2-7 E1 Cross-Connect

E1 Cross-Connect (PXC)

20xE1 ports

Radio

EBUS #2

EBUS #1


2.9. ODU Unit Description The ODU hardware is capacity and modulation independent. It consists of a Transceiver and a Diplexer. The Transceiver is tunable over the whole frequency band, both high and low part. The diplexer determines the sub-band coverage. The ODU is normally mounted directly to the antenna for all configurations. In HSB and 2x 1+0 configurations, an RF-coupler is used when connecting the ODU to the antenna interface.

An optional pole mount kit is available.

Figure 2-8 ODU 1+0 & 30cm (1ft) antenna

Figure 2-9 ODU Hot Standby & 60cm (2ft) antenna


3. GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS 3.1. Link Capacity The table below shows capacities vs. channel bandwidth and modulation type. Capacity is shown in terms of total payload that may be allocated to Ethernet- or E1- transport, or a mix of the two traffic types. Maximum Ethernet capacity is 100Mb/s. Maximum E1 capacity is 20xE1.

Bandwidth and Modulation Link Capacity 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz

10.5 Mb/s (0-5E1) 4 QAM 21 Mb/s (0-10E1) 16 QAM 27 Mb/s (0-12E1) 32 QAM 21 Mb/s (0-10E1) 4 QAM 43 Mb/s (0-20E1) 16 QAM 54 Mb/s (0-20E1) 32 QAM 44 Mb/s (0-20E1) 4 QAM 89 Mb/s (0-20E1) 16 QAM

111 Mb/s (0-20E1) 32 QAM Table 3-1 Link Capacity

3.2. Frequency bands The equipment is available in ITU-R, CEPT, FCC and national frequency bands according to the following tables. The BW given in the last column is for information only and indicates which BWs the plan includes. Each Transceiver covers a complete frequency band. Details about Diplexer tuning range is found in Appendix 1.

Frequency Band

Frequency [GHz] Channel Plan

Duplex spacing [MHz]

BW [MHz]

7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ITU-R F.385-7 Annex 3 196 28

7 GHz 7.1-7.4 CEPT 02-06 Annex 1 154 7/14/28

7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec. 1-4 161 7/14/28

7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ACA Rali FX3 270 30

7 GHz 7.2-7.5 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec. 1-4 161 7/14/28

7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 3 168 28

7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 1,4 154 28

7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 1, 1 CEPT 02-06 Annex 1 154 7/14/28

7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec 1-4 161 7/14/28 7 GHz 7.4-7.9 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 4 245 7/14/28

7 GHz 7.1-7.7 Korea 300 30 7 GHz 7.1 7.7 IC SRSP 307.1 150/175 30 8 GHz 7.7-8.3 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 1 311.32 29.65 8 GHz 7.9-8.4 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 4 266 7/14/28

8 GHz 7.9-8.5 CEPT 02-06 310 7/14/28


Frequency Band

Frequency [GHz] Channel Plan

Duplex spacing [MHz]

BW [MHz]

8 GHz 8.2-8.5 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 3 119 126

14 7

8 GHz 8.2-8.5 ITU-R F.386-6 Rec. 1 151.614 7 8 GHz 7.7 - 8.3 IC SRSP 307.7 300 30

11 GHz 10.7-11.7 ITU-R F. 387-9 530 30 11 GHz 10.7-11.7 ITU-R F. 387-9 Annex 2 490 30

11 GHz 10.7 - 11.7 FCC CFR47 101.147 Table o IC SRSP 310.7 490 30

13 GHz 12.7-13.3 ITU-R F. 497-6 CEPT 12 02F 266 7/14/28

15 GHz 14.4-15.35 ITU-R F.636-3 490 7/14/28 15 GHz 14.5-15.35 ITU-R F.636-3 420 7/14/28 15 GHz 14.6-15.2 CFT Mexico 315 14/28 15 GHz 14.5-15.35 CEPT 12-07E 728 7/14/28 15 GHz 14.5-15.35 ACA RALI FX3 644 14/28 15 GHz 14.4-15.35 IC SRSP-314.5 475 30

18 GHz 17.7-19.7 ITU-R F.595-8 CEPT 12-03E 1010 7/13.75/27.5

18 GHz 17.7-19.7 ITU-R F.595-8 Norma No 15/96 1560 13.75/27.5

18 GHz 17.7-19.7 China 1092.5 27.5 18 GHz 17.7-19.7 China 1120 28

18 GHz 18.7-19.7 FCC CFR47 101.147 Table r IC SRSP-317.8

1560 30

23 GHz 21.2-23.6 ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 3 CEPT 13-02E 1008 7/14/28

23 GHz 22.0-23.6 RA 352 1008 28 23 GHz 21.2-23.6 ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 4 1200 50 23 GHz 21.2-23.6 ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 1 1232 7/14/28

23 GHz 21.2-23.6 FCC CFR47 101.147 Table s

IC SRSP321.8 1200 30

24 GHz 24,25-25,35 FCC CFR47 101.147 Table r

IC SRSP-324.25 800 30



38 GHz 38.6-40.0 FCC CFR47 101.147 Table v IC SRSP338.6

700 30

Table 3-2 Frequency bands


3.3. Equipment Reference Points A principle block diagram for a digital radio relay system, including the main blocks, is shown in Figure 3-1. The block diagram includes marked interface points, which serve as reference points for several technical parameters used in this document.

* The RF-Coupler is used in Hot StandBy or 2x (1+0) single polarized configurations Figure 3-1 Principle block diagram for a radio system

3.4. International and National Standards Evolution Series is compliant with relevant international and national standards. Units relevant for the EU-market are type approved and labelled according to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE). 3.5. ETSI Equipment Class The equipment is compliant to the relevant class specifications in EN 302 217. In adaptive modulation mode the equipment is compliant to ETSI class 2. For fixed modulation mode the following classes applies:

BW Fixed Modulation Class

4 QAM 2 16 QAM 4 7,14 or 28 MHz 32 QAM 4

Table 3-3 ETSI equipment class, fixed modulation


3.6. Environmental

3.6.1. Electromagnetic Compatibility Conditions (EMC) ETSI: The equipment conforms to the EMC standard as specified in EN 301 489 part 1 and 4. FCC: The equipment conforms to FCC Part 15 subpart B class A.

3.6.2. Safety conditions The equipment conforms to EN 60215, EN 60950 and UL/CSA 60950.

3.6.3. RoHS and WEEE compliance The equipment is compliant to EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) and EU Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE).

3.6.4. Environmental conditions The equipment conforms to the environmental classes defined in ETS-300-019:

Transportation: ETSI-EN-300-019-1-2, class 2.3, public transportation. (temperature range: -40C to +70C). Storage: ETSI-EN-300-019-1-1, class 1.2, weather protected, not temperature-controlled storage locations. (temperature range: -40C to +70C). Use: Indoor mounted units: Temperature range: -5 C to +55 C. According to ETSI-EN-300-019-1-3, class 3.2, partly temperature- controlled locations. For temperatures between +45C and +55C the relative humidity must be between 5% and 40%. Altitude 5000 m/16400 feet

Outdoor mounted units: Operational temperature range: -45 C to +55 C. Guaranteed performance in the range: -33 C to +50 C. Humidity 100 %. Altitude 5000 m/16400 feet

Compliant with ETSI-EN-300-019-1-4, class 4.1, non weather protected locations

For temperatures below 0C the equipment must be switched on for at least 10 minutes in order to operate according to the specifications.

3.6.5. Outdoor Enclosure Protection The ODU is waterproof and weather resistant according to IP65


3.7. Mechanical Characteristics

3.7.1. Installation The equipment is very easy and quick to install. It is designed for stationary use in split mount installations. IFU and ODU are interconnected with coaxial cable. One cable for each ODU is used. (i.e. two cables needed for HSB systems). The IFU can be installed as a stand-alone unit, or it can be mounted in a standard 19 rack (Ref. IEC 297-2 and IEC 297-3), or in an ETSI standard cabinet (Ref. ETSI EN 300 119) using optional mounting brackets. The ODU may be mounted directly to the antenna for antenna sizes up to and including 1.8 m. Alternatively the ODU can be supplied with a mount for a vertical column ( = 60-115 mm).

3.7.2. Dimensions IFU1 1+0: 227 mm x 181 mm x 37 mm, 8.9 x 7.1 x 1.46 (0.85RU) ODU 1+0, 7 - 11 GHz: 228 mm x 197 mm x 240 mm, 9 x 7.6 x 9.5 ODU 1+0, 13 - 40 GHz: 218 mm x 177 mm x 230 mm, 8.6 x 7 x 9.1 RF Coupler 7 - 11 GHz: 232 mm x 102 mm x 415 mm, 9.1 x 4.0 x 16.3

13 - 40 GHz: 220 mm x 106 mm x 374 mm, 8.7 x 4.2 x 14.7 XCVR 7 - 40 GHz: 218 mm x 125 mm x 230 mm, 8.6 x 4.9 x 9.1

3.7.3. Weights IFU: 0.8 kg / 1.8 lbs ODU 7 - 11 GHz: 8.0 kg / 17.7 lbs ODU 13 - 40 GHz: 6.5 kg / 14.3 lbs RF Coupler: 5.0 kg / 11.0 lbs XCVR: 5.2 kg / 11.5 lbs

1 The width and depth of the unit are exclusive flanges (mounting brackets) and table studs for free-standing mounting. Special

brackets for mounting into different cabinets are available. Two IFUs can be mounted horisontally in a 19 rack


3.8. Power supply and consumption The equipment operates from a battery supply between -40.5 volt and -57 volt, nominally -48 volt DC according to EN 300 132-2. The primary DC-power is supplied to the indoor unit through a filtering and reverse polarity protection function. The power to the outdoor unit is supplied from the indoor unit via the IFU-ODU coaxial cable. When using Hot StandBy (HSB) configuration, the power consumption in the standby ODU is about 12W lower than the active ODU.

Average numbers in the tables below should be used for calculating power consumption over time. Maximum numbers should be used for dimensioning the power system to work under all environmental and traffic load conditions.

7 & 8 GHz 11 GHz 13-26 GHz 38 GHz Terminal

Average Maximum Average Maximum Average Maximum Average Maximum

1+0 Terminal 36 W 44 W 55 W 63 W 42 W 55 W 55 W 63 W

HSB Terminal 60 W 76 W 98 W 114 W 70 W 98 W 98 W 114 W

Table 3-4 Power Consumption Terminal

Unit Average Power Consumption

Maximum Power Consumption

ODU 7 & 8 GHz 29 W 34 W

ODU 13-26 GHz 35 W 45 W

ODU 11 & 38 GHz 48 W 53 W

IFU-A & IFU-B 7 W 10 W

Table 3-5 Power Consumption - Units 3.9. System Reliability

3.9.1. Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) The MTBF figures are predicted and calculated according to methods in MIL-HDBK-217E including adjustment for experienced field data. MTBF for 1+0 Terminal is about 45 years.

Unit name: MTBF @ 25 C ambient temp [[[[Hours]]]]: Transceiver Unit (ODU) 600 000 IFU-A & IFU-B 1 200 000

Table 3-6 MTBF Figures


4. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS 4.1. Transmitter Characteristics The Transmitter is kept muted until the terminal is configured with relevant RF frequencies. The same applies to the situation where the IFU is replaced by a spare IFU.

4.1.1. Nominal Output Power The tolerance is 1.5 dB for 7 & 8 GHz and 2 dB for 13-38 GHz. Typical values measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point C [dBm]. For RF-Coupler loss see chapter 4.4.2.

Frequency band: [GHz] Modulation

7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

Fixed 4 QAM +23 +23 +25 +22 +22 +20 +20 +19.5 +19

Fixed 16 QAM +23 +23 +25 +22 +22 +20 +20 +19.5 +19

Fixed 32 QAM +22 +22 +24 +21 +21 +19 +19 +18.5 +18

Adaptive Modulation +23 +23 +25 +22 +22 +20 +20 +19.5 +19

Table 4-1 Nominal output power

4.1.2. Automatic/Manual Power Control (ATPC/MTPC) ATPC is an optional feature, which is aimed to drive the TX power amplifier output level from a proper minimum, which is calculated to facilitate the radio network planning and is used in the case of normal propagation, up to a maximum value, which is given in Table 4-1. When ATPC is disabled (i.e. MTPC mode), the output power can be set by the user.

ATPC-figures: Transmitter power output regulation speed: > 50 dB/s Typical ATPC-range: 20-25 dB Guaranteed ATPC-range: 20 dB

Nominal input level is adjustable by the user. Adjustment range: -30 dBm to -60 dBm

Configurable Coordinated/Default Output Power and 5 min alarm for exceeded level supported.

MTPC figures: Typical MTPC range: 20-25 dB

Range with ETSI mask compliance 1 7-23 GHz ODU: 15 dB 26-38 GHz ODU: 10 dB

Step size: 0.1 dB Accuracy: Ref Corresponding Output Power Tolerance

1 For compliance to optional ETSI mask requirement of -60 dBc in frequency bands from 7-8GHz, the MTPC range is 10 dB.


4.1.3. TX oscillator frequency tolerance Frequency tolerance: 5 ppm.

4.2. Receiver Characteristics Typical values measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point C. Guaranteed values are 1.5 dB higher. For RF-Coupler loss see chapter 4.4.2

4.2.1. Receiver Threshold Adaptive Modulation Mode Modulation is switched based on SNRestimates on the receive side. Switching to lower modulation is activated 3-4 dB above the BER 10-6 threshold. Hysteresis is 1dB.

Equipment thresholds for each bandwidth (7, 14 and 28MHz) are equal to the 4 QAM receiver threshold values given in the tables for fixed modulation below.

4.2.2. Receiver Threshold 4 QAM - 7 MHz BW Frequency band:

[GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -89.5 -89.5 -89 -88.5 -88.5 -87.5 -87.5 -87 -85

BER 10-8 [dBm] -88 -88 -87.5 -87 -87 -86.5 -86.5 -85.5 -84

BER 10-10 [dBm] -87 -87 -86.5 -86 -86 -85.5 -85.5 -84.5 -83

Table 4-2 Receiver threshold 4 QAM in 7 MHz channel


[GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -83 -83 -83 -82 -82 -81 -81 -80.5 -79

BER 10-8 [dBm] -81.5 -81.5 -81.5 -80.5 -80.5 -79.5 -79.5 -79 -77

BER 10-10 [dBm] -80 -80 -80 -79 -79 -78 -78 -77.5 -76


4.2.4. Receiver Threshold 32 QAM - 7 MHz BW Frequency band: [GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -80 -80 -80 -79 -79 -78 -78 -77.5 -76

BER 10-8 [dBm] -78 -78 -78 -77.5 -77 -76.5 -76.5 -75.5 -74

BER 10-10 [dBm] -77 -77 -77 -76 -76 -75.5 -75.5 -74.5 -73




[GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -87.5 -87 -87 -86.5 -86.5 -85.5 -85.5 -85 -83

BER 10-8 [dBm] -86 -86 -86 -85 -85 -84.5 -84.5 -83.5 -82

BER 10-10 [dBm] -85 -85 -85 -84.5 -84 -83.5 -83.5 -82.5 -81



[GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -80 -80 -80 -79.5 -79 -78.5 -78.5 -77.5 -76

BER 10-8 [dBm] -79 -78.5 -78.5 -78 -78 -77 -77 -76.5 -74.5

BER 10-10 [dBm] -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -76.5 -76.5 -75.5 -75.5 -75 -73



[GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -77 -77 -76.5 -76 -76 -75 -75 -74.5 -72.5

BER 10-8 [dBm] -75.5 -75 -75 -74.5 -74.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 -71

BER 10-10 [dBm] -74 -74 -74 -73 -73 -72 -72 -71.5 -69.5




[GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -84 -84 -83.5 -83 -83 -82 -82 -81.5 -79.5

BER 10-8 [dBm] -82.5 -82.5 -82 -82 -81.5 -81 -81 -80 -78.5

BER 10-10 [dBm] -81.5 -81.5 -81 -81 -80.5 -80 -80 -79 -77.5



[GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -78 -77.5 -77.5 -77 -77 -76 -76 -75.5 -73.5

BER 10-8 [dBm] -76.5 -76.5 -76 -75.5 -75.5 -75 -75 -74 -72.5

BER 10-10 [dBm] -75.5 -75.5 -75 -74.5 -74.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 -71



[GHz] 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -75 -75 -74.5 -74 -74 -73 -73 -72.5 -70.5

BER 10-8 [dBm] -74 -74 -73.5 -73 -73 -72 -72 -71.5 -69.5

BER 10-10 [dBm] -73 -73 -72.5 -72 -72 -71 -71 -70.5 -68.5



4.2.11. Maximum input signal level Maximum input signal levels in point C (measured with PRBS of 223-1). These limits apply without interference:

Frequency band: [GHz] 7-18 23-38

BER 10-6 [dBm] -17 -20

BER 10-8 [dBm] -19 -22

BER 10-10 [dBm] -21 -24

Table 4-11 Maximum input signal level

4.2.12. RX oscillator frequency tolerance Frequency tolerance: 5 ppm This limit includes both short-term factors (environmental effects) and long-term ageing effects.

4.2.13. Noise Figure Ref. Point C. Guaranteed Values.

Frequency band: [GHz] 7-8 11 13/15 18/23 26 38

Noise figure F [dB] 3.9 4.4 4.8 5.8 6.3 7.9

4.3. System Performance

4.3.1. Equipment background BER (Residual BER) Typical residual BER is 3x10-14. Guaranteed residual BER is 3x10-13.

4.3.2. System Signature The equipment includes an Adaptive Time Domain Equalizer (ATDE). The system signature for BER=10-6 is specified below for 6.3 ns delay of reflected signal. The limits are valid for both minimum and non-minimum phase.

Typical values Guaranteed values Capacity and Channel BW

Width [MHz]

Depth [dB] SF

DFM [dB]

Width [MHz]

Depth [dB]

111 Mbit/s@28MHz (32 QAM) 27 26 1.35 52 30 17 89 Mbit/s@28MHz (16 QAM) 20 26 1.00 53 29 17 44 Mbit/s@28MHz (4 QAM) 20 36 0.32 65 24 25 54 Mbit/s@14MHz (32 QAM) 13 30 0.41 60 15 22 43 Mbit/s@14MHz (16 QAM) 12 32 0.30 62 14 22 21 Mbit/s@14MHz (4 QAM) 8 37 0.11 70 12 32 27 Mbit/s@7MHz (32 QAM) 6 35 0.11 69 10 25 21 Mbit/s@7MHz (16 QAM) 6 37 0.08 71 10 22 10.5 Mbit/s@7MHz (4 QAM) 3 40 0.03 78 4 35

ACM@28MHz 20 36 0.32 65 24 25 ACM@14MHz 8 37 0.11 70 12 32 ACM@7MHz 3 40 0.03 78 4 35

Table 4-12 Typical and guaranteed signature values


4.3.3. Co-channel interference sensitivity The table shows maximum C/I values for 1 dB and 3 dB increase of the 10-6 BER threshold.

Guaranteed C/I at BER = 10-6 @ RSL Degradation Link Capacity

1 dB 3 dB 111 Mbit/s@28MHz (32QAM) 28 24 89 Mbit/s@28MHz (16QAM) 25 21 44 Mbit/s@28MHz(4QAM) 19 15

56 Mbit/s@14MHz (32QAM) 29 25 44 Mbit/s@14MHz (16QAM) 26 22 21 Mbit/s@14MHz (4QAM) 19 15 27 Mbit/s@7MHz (32QAM) 29 25 21 Mbit/s@7MHz (16QAM) 26 22 10.5 Mbit/s@7MHz (4QAM) 20 16

ACM@28MHz 19 15 ACM@14MHz 19 15 ACM@7MHz 20 16

Table 4-13 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity

4.3.4. Adjacent channel interference sensitivity The table shows maximum C/I values for 1 dB and 3 dB increase of the 10-6 BER threshold.

Guaranteed C/I at BER = 10-6 @ RSL Degradation [dB] Link Capacity

1 dB 3 dB 111 Mbit/s@28MHz (32QAM) -6 -9.5 89 Mbit/s@28MHz (16QAM) -6 -10 44 Mbit/s@28MHz(4QAM) -6 -10

56 Mbit/s@14MHz (32QAM) -6 -9.5 44 Mbit/s@14MHz (16QAM) -6 -9 21 Mbit/s@14MHz (4QAM) -6 -9 27 Mbit/s@7MHz (32QAM) -3 -7 21 Mbit/s@7MHz (16QAM) -3 -7 10.5 Mbit/s@7MHz (4QAM) -3 -6

ACM@28MHz -6 -10 ACM@14MHz -6 -9 ACM@7MHz -3 -6

Table 4-14 Adjacent Channel Interference Sensitivity


4.4. Diplexer and Antenna Interface

4.4.1. General description The diplexer determines the ODU sub-band coverage and duplex spacing. Most frequency bands are divided into only two sub-bands. See APPENDIX 1 for details. The same diplexer is used both for high and low subband, and since the diplexer is a detachable unit it can be changed and turned in field. This simplifies planning and maintenance. ODU transmit and receive frequency can be set to any frequency within the given pass-band range.

4.4.2. RF-Coupler The additional loss for RF-Coupler is given in Table 4-15. The RF-Coupler is used in protected configurations and single polarized 2+0 systems.

Asymmetrical RF-Coupler Symmetrical RF-Coupler Main Protection

Nom Max Nom Max Nom Max Transmission loss [dB]

TX or RX 3.4 3.8 1.5 2 6.5 7

Table 4-15 RF-coupler loss

4.4.3. Interface to Antenna feeder system non integrated antennas The interface between the ODU-Diplexer (1+0 configuration) or HSB-coupler (HSB configuration) and the antenna feeder system is rectangular waveguide. The ODU-Diplexer and HSB-coupler flange types and corresponding waveguides to be used (if remote mount) is shown in Table 4-16. The ODU-Diplexer and HSB-coupler aluminum flanges are protected by chromate coating.

Frequency band [GHz] 7/8 11 13 15 18/23/26 38

Waveguide (remote mount)

R84 / WR112

R100 / WR90

R120 / WR75

R140 / WR62

R220 / WR42

R320 / WR28

CBR84 CBR100 CBR120 CBR140 CBR220 CBR320 ODU-Diplexer and

HSB-Coupler Flange types

Table 4-16 ODU flanges and waveguide


4.5. IFU-ODU Interface

4.5.1. Cable interface characteristics The following signals are transmitted via the cable:

Transmit and Receive data signal (including IFU-ODU control communication). Power to the ODU.

The cable interface has over-voltage and over-current protection. Maximum IFU-ODU cable length supported is 200m. No cable length configuration is needed. Use of external lightening arrestors is optional.

4.5.2. Cable requirements A double shielded waterproof coaxial cable should be used. Cable requirements:

Characteristic impedance: 50 +/- 3 Maximum DC resistance: 3.75 (sum of inner and outer conductor) Maximum attenuation at 50 MHz 6.4 dB Return Loss < -25 dB Connector: TNC, male

Recommended cables: Cable, 50

Cinta CNT-400 () (Andrew) Cellflex LCF14-50J () (RFS)

Table 4-17 Recommended IFU-ODU cables

4.5.3. Lightening arrestor requirements One or two lightening arrestors may be used on the IFU-ODU cable to reduce risk for damage caused by lightening strikes. An arrestor at the ODU should be mounted as close to the ODU as possible and for the IFU at the shelter/cabinet entry point. Installation and grounding should be according to Nera recommended practice. Lightening arrestor requirements per IFU-ODU connection:

Insertion loss 5-140 MHz: < 0.5dB Return loss 1.75-5 MHz: < -14dB Return loss > 5 MHz: < -25dB Group delay variation @ 2-140MHz: < 100 ns


5. BASEBAND CHARACTERISTICS 5.1. General Ethernet traffic (and optional E1-traffic) is mapped into a scalable frame for transport towards the ODU. Ethernet traffic goes through the built-in Ethernet switch (Layer-2 switch) where one port of the switch is connected to the radio mapper and four FE ports are available at the front of the IFU. The Ethernet traffic can be mixed with E1 traffic and the Ethernet traffic capacity is equal to the selected link capacity less the capacity allocated to E1s.

5.2. IP and MPLS packet traffic support The Link is a layer-2 device and is transparent to layer-3 for user traffic. This means that both IPv4. IPv6 and MPLS packets encapsulated in standard Ethernet packets can be transported over the link. Management traffic is running over IPv4. Traffic priority based on DSCP/TOS (Layer 3) is supported. 5.3. Ethernet characteristics

5.3.1. Ethernet Interfaces Eth#1, Eth#2 and Eth#3: 10/100Base-TX, IEEE 802.3 Eth#4 10/100Base-TX, IEEE 802.3 with modified pin-out Connectors: 4xRJ-45 LEDs: One for each of the three ports, Eth#1, Eth#2 and Eth#3.

Eth#4 has no LED on front of the IFU

The Ethernet ports are configurable to: Auto-Negotiation or 10/100BASE-TX half/full duplex Flow control for full duplex connections according to IEEE 802.3x. Flow control is available in

maximum throughput mode (QoS disabled)

5.3.2. Throughput Ethernet throughput is measured according to RFC 2544. Numbers are given for a link with no E1 capacity configured. When E1 is used, Ethernet throughput is reduced with about 2.05Mb/s per E1.

Maximum Ethernet Throughput 802.1D (MAC-switching) mode 64 bytes 1518 bytes

Link Capacity & RF bandwidth

[Mb/s] [Mb/s] 111 Mbit/s@28MHz 100 100 89 Mbit/s@28MHz 100 87 44 Mbit/s@28MHz 55 42 54 Mbit/s@14MHz 70 54 43 Mbit/s@14MHz 55 43 21 Mbit/s@14MHz 26 20 27 Mbit/s@7MHz 34 26 21 Mbit/s@7MHz 26 20

10.5 Mbit/s@7MHz 13 10 ACM@28MHz 55-100 42-100 ACM@14MHz 26-69 20-53 ACM@7MHz 13-34 10-26


5.3.3. Ethernet Frame Delay & Frame Delay Variation Frame delay specified below is according to ITU-T Y.1563, Network Section and RFC 1242 store-and-forward definition: "The time interval starting when the last bit of the input frame reaches the input port and ending when the first bit of the output frame is seen on the output port."

Numbers in the table below are given for a link with no queuing-delay and all link capacity allocated to Ethernet-traffic.

Delay 64 bytes 1518 bytes Delay variation Link Capacity & RF bandwidth [ms] [ms] [ms]

111 Mbit/s@28MHz


5.3.8. Quality of Service (QoS) The QoS characteristics of the system will naturally be governed by the queuing and buffering strategies of the subsystems. To allow for a wide array of applications for this product these strategies are made user selectable.

5.3.8.1. QoS priority scheme Four traffic/priority queues representing up to four distinct traffic classes are available. Incoming traffic can be assigned to a traffic class (queue) based on VLAN 802.1p, type of service, or port.

1. VLAN (802.1p user priority) Frame is assigned to traffic class based on VLAN Priority Code Point (PCP) value represented by 8 decimal values (0-7).

2. DSCP/TOS (IPv4/IPv6) Frame is assigned to traffic class based on DSCP/TOS represented by 64 decimal values (0-63).

3. Port (Ethernet input ports) Mapping to traffic class level can be assigned to each port individually (i.e. all incoming frames are mapped to the same traffic class).

4. QoS priority OFF (Maximum throughput) All traffic is mapped to a single traffic class.

5.3.8.2. QoS scheduling mode The traffic/priority queues can be serviced with either weighted round robin (fair queuing) or strict priority scheduling (strict queuing).

Strict priority scheduling In this scheduling mode, the frame chosen for transmission is taken from the highest priority queue that is not empty. This ensures that all high priority frames (e.g. frames mapped to high priority queues) egress as soon as possible.

Weighted Round Robin (WRR) scheduling WRR scheduling distributes forwarding capacity between the different priority queues to prevent high priority data streams from completely blocking lower priority streams. Scheduling is done according to a weighted round robin principle, with the set of weights (8, 4, 2, 1) applied to the four priority queues (highest service level/priority queue has the highest weight).

5.3.9. Rapid Spanning Tree RSTP is supported according to IEEE 802.1D-2004, clause 17. In addition, the system offers Rapid Link Shut-down, where a failure on the radio link layer will immediately trigger spanning tree convergence. RSTP operates on physical topology. When VLANs are in use, some VLANs may be rendered unconnected due to RSTP switchover.

5.3.10. Maximum Packet Size The maximum Ethernet frame size is 1632 bytes (not including preamble and start of frame delimiter).

5.3.11. Packet Statistics RMON statistics is supported and can be accessed via the WEB interface or through the SNMP MIB.


5.4. E1 characteristics The IFU has 20xE1 interfaces as standard. 2xE1 is provided on each connector. E1 capacity over the link is selectable from 0-20 x E1.

5.4.1. E1 Interfaces Interface parameters according to ITU-T Rec. G.703: Bit rate: 2.048 Mb/s 50 ppm Line code: HDB3 Impedance: 120 balanced Maximum attenuation of input signal at 1.024 MHz: 6 dB Connector type: RJ-45 Jitter and wander specifications are according to ITU-T Rec. G.823

5.4.2. E1 priority A priority scheme is available for E1-traffic to allow scaling of E1 capacity when the link is running with lower capacity due to adaptive modulation. Each enabled E1 can be allocated priority from high to low. High priority E1s will always be transmitted. Lowest priority E1s will be skipped when switching one modulation level down and second lowest priority E1s will be skipped when switching another modulation level.

Ethernet traffic is always using remaining link capacity Ethernet traffic priority (QoS) is independent of E1 traffic priority

5.4.3. E1 delay E1 delay through one hop (from E1-interface on site A to E1-interface on site B, excluding propagation delay): < 0.3 ms

5.5. EBUS characteristics Two EBUS interfaces are prepared for easy interconnection of E1s and control signals between IFUs. In addition the EBUS#1 connector provides access to Ethernet port#4. E1s on EBUS#1 and EBUS#2 are enabled by the PXC license.

Max cable length: 10m Cable: STP Cat5 (or above) crossover


5.6. External Alarm Input characteristics

External switch Alarm Interface IFU RJ45 Connector

Pin 1

Pin 2 (gnd)

Four independent alarm inputs are provided. Active high or low is configurable for all 4 inputs independently. When the external signal is open, the voltage at pin 1 will not exceed -24Vdc.

Note that the voltage is not an isolated voltage. It is drawn from -48V supply in the IFU.

Connector: 1xRJ-45. Four two-pin interfaces Interface: Current loop. Not galvanic isolated State on: > 1.1 mA, < 1.2 k State off: < 0.08 mA, > 170 k Transient protection: Amplitude: < 85 V Transient protection: Duration: < 10 ms, non-repetitive


6. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS The powerful integrated supervisory system of Evolution Series provides user-access to the NEs in a most dynamic manner. The management function in the NE can be accessed by the use of a web-browser or by an SNMP manager such as Neras EM/NMS system, NetMaster.

2!0

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3

3%#2

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The IFU and ODU element management software performs the following management tasks:

Fault management: Collecting and logging of alarms and analogue measurements from the local terminal.

Performance management: Collecting and logging quality measurements according to standards (G.784 and Ethernet RMON)

Configuration management: Configuration of the terminal (including configuration up/download) and Software download

Security management: Configuration of user id/password and the users privileges in the NE. Includes logging in NE of user actions.

6.1. The built-in supervision system The built-in Graphical User Interface (GUI) is accessed through an IP-connection either remotely, locally or both. With a computer in the same subnet as the IP-address of the IFU, you can access and configure the terminal (including the IP-address).

Factory default IP-address: 10.0.0.10 Factory default management port: ETH1 For alternative configuration of the Ethernet ports, please see section 5.3.6.

Default communication protocol between the IFU and the web-browser is http. Encrypted communication using https is available as option.

6.1.1. Telnet A telnet session can be opened for configuration and monitoring of a limited subset of the parameters available through the GUI (see 6.1).

The following telnet commands are supported: o ipconfig: To set element IP-address, subnet-mask and default gateway o iprange: To view the IP addresses that can access the network element and to


activate/deactivate IP range limitations o iprangeset: To set the range of IP addresses that can access the network element o reset: Reset CPU (configuration settings are not affected)

6.1.2. Event log stored in NE Evolution Series NEs can log events and faults in the local fault log. The log size is 10.000 events. The log can be set to wrap-around or halt when it is full. Alarm logging can be masked based on severity level. An operator (with administrator privileges) can also clear the log.

6.1.3. Monitoring of traffic performance Signal level and transmission performance data are monitored continuously by the built-in supervision function. G.826 performance data is available for E1. RMON statistics data are available for Ethernet/VLAN traffic.

6.1.3.1. Link Performance Link performance is monitored based on information from the error correction decoder. Link performance monitoring is independent of type of traffic.

6.1.3.2. Signal Level monitoring The following parameters are monitored:

RF output level RF input Level Voltages (Primary and Secondary)

6.1.3.3. Ethernet performance Ethernet packet RMON statistics are provided per port. Packet counters (resettable) are available for events shown in the table below.

Name In Out DropEvents 0 0 Octets 7592 8653 Pkts 40 42 BroadcastPkts 1 0 MulticastPkts 0 0 PausePkts 0 0 CRCAlignErrors 0 0 UndersizePkts 0 0 OversizePkts 0 0 Fragments 0 0 Jabbers 0 0 Collisions 0 0

Table 6-1 RMON packet counters

6.1.3.4. E1 performance E1 performance is estimated based on measuring parity errors on individual E1s. G.826 performance for the E1 bundle is then calculated and stored in the element:

Error Seconds (ES) Severely Error Second (SES) Background Block Error (BBE) Unavailable state (UAS) Cumulative error counters.


15-min, 24-hour and 1-month records are calculated. The log contains the current and last month, current and last 24-hour, and current and sixteen last 15-min records. Threshold values can be defined for each of the performance records and a performance alarm will be raised if the threshold is exceeded for any of the periods.

6.1.4. Security management The user must have a username and password defined in the NE in order to log in. Each user name is defined with access privileges. Four levels are defined;

User level: Privileges: Passive Users Passive users are only able to monitor data. They are not able to change any

configuration. Active Users Same as Passive. In addition active users are able to reset counters. Master Users Master users have access to all commands, except those related to user account

administration and Configuration/SW download. Admin Users Admin users have access to all commands. The Admin user is the administrator and is

responsible for adding, deleting and managing user accounts and privileges. In addition the admin user is responsible for Configuration/SW download.

6.1.4.1. Security event logging The NE can log events related to security. The log size is 1000 events. When it is full it will wrap-around. The operator (with administrator privileges) can also clear the log.

6.1.5. SNMP An embedded SNMP agent is provided and supports the following management functions: Basic monitoring of network and interface parameters Fault Management

Supports enumeration of possible alarms, current alarm table and historic alarms (log). Analogue measurements

Received signal level. Performance measurements

6.1.5.1. SNMP protocols SNMPv2c and SNMPv3 are supported and are configurable from the GUI.

6.1.5.2. SNMP Traps Each element can be configured to send traps to SNMP managers (trap servers). Up to three trap-servers can be configured for each element.

6.2. Connection to Nera NetMaster NetMaster is the Nera Element/Sub-network manager that is specialized to monitor and control a large network of Nera radio elements. NetMaster is utilizing the SNMP-mib in the elements as well as the built-in element web-pages to retrieve relevant information from the network elements.


7. REFERENCES Document code: Title/Description:

ETSI EN 301 489-4 V1.4.1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 4: Specific conditions for fixed radio links and ancillary equipment and services. For grade B equipment

ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 V2.1.4 Classification of environmental conditions; Storage. Class 1.2, weather protected

ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 V2.1.4 Classification of environmental conditions; Transportation. Class 2.3, public transportation

ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 V2.1.2 Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at weather protected locations. Class 3.2, partly temperature controlled locations

ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 V2.1.2 Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at non-weather protected locations

ETSI EN 300 132-2 V2.1.2 Equipment Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to telecommunication equipment; Part 1: Interface operated by Direct Current (DC)

ETSI EN 302 217-1 V1.1.3 Overview and system-independent common characteristics

ETSI EN 302 217-2-1 V1.2.1 System-dependent requirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination is applied

ETSI EN 302 217-2-2 V1.2.3 Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination is applied CENELEC EN 60950: 2006 Safety of information technology equipment CENELEC EN 60215: 1989 Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment ITU-R Rec. F.746-7 (2003) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed service systems ITU-R Rec. F.383-7 (2001) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity radio-relay systems operating in the lower 6 GHz band ITU-R Rec. F.384-8 (2004-01) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the upper 6 GHz band ITU-R Rec. F.385-8 (2005) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 7 GHz band ITU-R Rec. F.386-6 (1999-02) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the 8 GHz band ITU-R Rec. F.387-9 (2002-05) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 11 GHz band ITU-R Rec. F.497-6 (1999) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 13 GHz frequency band ITU-R Rec. F.636-3 (1994) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 15 GHz band ITU-R Rec. F.595-8 (2003-02) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 18 GHz band ITU-R Rec. F.637-3 (1999) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 23 GHz band ITU-R Rec. F.748-4 (2001) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 25, 26,

and 28 GHz bands

ITU-R Rec. F.749-2 (2001) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 38 GHz band ITU-T Rec. G.703 (11/2001) Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces ITU-T Rec. G.823 (03/2000) The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy ITU-T Rec. G.826 (02/1999) Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate ITU-T Rec. G.921 (11/1988) Digital Sections based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy. ITU-T Y.1563 (draft so far) Ethernet Frame Transfer and Availability Performance CEPT/ERC Rec. 74-01 E (2002-10) Spurious Emissions CEPT/ERC Rec 14-01 E (1996-08) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity analogue and digital radio-

relay systems operating in the band 5925 MHz 6425 MHz

CEPT/ERC Rec 14-02 E (1996-08) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity digital radio-relay systems operating in the band 6425 MHz 7125 MHz

CEPT/ECC Rec 02-06 (2002-08) Preferred channel arrangement for digital fixed service systems operating in the frequency range 7125-8500 MHz CEPT/ERC Rec. 12-06 E (1996-12) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems

operating in the band 10.7 11.7 GHz


CEPT /ERC/REC 12-02 (1996-08) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for analogue and digital terrestrial fixed systems operating in the band 12.75 GHz to 13.25 GHz CEPT/ERC/REC 12-07 E (1996-08) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems

operating in the bands 14.5 - 14.62 GHz paired with 15.23 - 15.35 GHz

CEPT/ERC/REC 12-03 (1996-08) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems operating in the band 17.7 GHz to 19.7 GHz

CEPT T/R 13-02 (1994-02) Preferred channel arrangements for fixed services in the range 22.0-29.5 GHz IEC 297-2 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 486.6mm (19in) series: Cabinet and pitches

of the rack structures.

IEC 297-3 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 486.6mm (19in) series: Sub-rack and associated plug in units.

IEC 60169-16, Ed. 1.0 Radio-frequency connectors. Part 16: R.F. coaxial connectors with inner diameter of outer conductor 7 mm (0.276 in) with screw coupling - Characteristic impedance 50 ohms (75 ohms)

IEC 60169-29, Ed. 1.0 Radio-frequency connectors - Part 29: Miniature r.f. coaxial connectors with screw-, push-pull and snap-on coupling or slide-in rack and panel applications; Characteristic impedance 50 ohms

IEC 60603-7 (1996) Connectors for electronic equipment - Part 7-1: Detail specification for 8-way, shielded free and fixed connectors with common mating features, with assessed quality IEC 60835-2-8 (1993-05) Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission

systems - Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems - Adaptive equalizer. IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection IEEE 802.1xx Ethernet networking FCC CFR47 part 101 FCC Code of Federal Regulations, Fixed Microwave Services FCC CFR47 part 15 FCC Code of Federal Regulations, Radio Frequency Devices SRSP 307.1 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-Sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band

7125 - 7725 MHz SRSP 307.7 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-Sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band

7725 - 8275 MHz SRSP 310.7 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-Sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band

10.7 - 11.7 GHz SRSP-314.5 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-Sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band

14.5 - 15.35 GHz SRSP-317.8 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-Sight Radio Systems Operating in the Bands

17.8-18.3 GHz and 19.3-19.7 GHz SRSP-321.8 Technical Requirements for the Fixed Line-of-Sight Radio Systems Operating in the

Bands 21.8-22.4 GHz and 23.0-23.6 GHz SRSP-324.25 Technical Requirements for Fixed Radio Systems Operating in the Bands 24.25 -

24.45 GHz and 25.05 - 25.25 GHz SRSP-338.6 Technical Requirements for Fixed Radio Systems Operating in the Band 38.6-

40.0 GHz CAN/CSA 22.2 No. 60950-00 Safety Information processing and business equipment UL 1950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment


8. TERMINOLOGY Abbreviation: Description: ACM Adaptive Coded Modulation AIS Alarm Indication Signal ALM

External alarm input/output ATDE Adaptive Time Domain Equaliser ATPC Automatic Transmitter Power Control AUX

Auxiliary functions BER Bit Error Rate C/I Carrier to Interference ratio CS Channel Spacing EM Element Manager EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility EPS Equipment Protection Switching FTD Frame Transfer Delay HBER High Bit Error Rate HSB Hot StandBy IFU InterFace Unit LAN

Local Area Network LBER Low Bit Error Rate LOF Loss Of Frame LOS Loss Of Signal MTBF Mean Time Between Failure NMS Network Management System ODU OutDoor Unit PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence PXC

PDH-X-Connect PWR

Power Supply RF Radio Frequency ROHS Restriction on Hazardous Substances RPS Radio Protection Switching RX Receiver SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TX Transmitter VID VLAN identifier VLAN Virtual Local Area Network WAN Wide Area Network WEEE Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment Transceiver Transmitter/Receiver


APPENDIX 1 ODU/DIPLEXER SUB-BAND RANGE The sub-band range is specified for each diplexer in the table below. Include half the channel BW to calculate the minimum and maximum frequencies to be used with each diplexer.

Freq. band

[GHz] Duplex Spacing

TX Freq:

Sub-band 1 & Diplexer #



7.1-7.4 154,161 Low: High: 7110 - 7198 7271 - 7359 07A11

7156 - 7240 7317 - 7401 07A12

7191 - 7279 7352 - 7440 07A13

7.1-7.4 196 Low: High: 7107 - 7191 7303 - 7387 07A21

7163 - 7247 7359 - 7443 07A22

7.1-7.4 270 Low: High: 7115 - 7145 7385 - 7415 07A71

7.1-7.7 300 Low: High: 7125 - 7275 7425 - 7575 07A61

7275 - 7425 7575 - 7725 07A62

7.2-7.6 161 Low: High: 7236 - 7320 7397 - 7481 07A51

7278 - 7362 7439 - 7523 07A52

7320 - 7404 7481 - 7565 07A53

7.4-7.7 154,161, 182 Low: High:

7414 - 7498 7575 - 7659 07A31

7456 - 7

evolution series edge technical description rev c - letter

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