8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

1/50

1

Evolution, Part II

Source: BIO 2215

Oklahoma City Community CollegeDennis Anderson

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

2/50

2

Major Elements Of Life

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

C

O

H

N

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

3/50

3

Chemical Evolution

Carbohydrates

Fatty Acids

Amino Acids

Simple Molecules

OCO

H O H

HNH

H

HCH

H

H

More Complex MoleculesH H

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

4/50

4

Carbohydrates

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

5/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

6/50

6

Amino Acids

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

7/50

7

ProteinoidMicrospheres

Similar to protocells

Protocells

Reproduce

Natural selectionfavored those with themost efficientreplicating systems

RNA DNA

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

8/50

8

Cyanobacteria

Photosynthesis

Produce oxygen

Produce

carbohydrates

CarbonDioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

9/50

9

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

10/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

11/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

12/50

12

Terms

Codominance

Both alleles are dominant, AB blood type

Gene Pool

All the alleles in a population

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

13/50

13

Math Explains AlleleFrequencies

p + q = 1

p = percent of dominant alleles in apopulation

q = percent of recessive alleles in apopulation

If 70% of alleles in a population aredominant then 30% must be recessive

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

14/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

15/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

16/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

17/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

18/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

19/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

20/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

21/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

22/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

23/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

24/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

25/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

26/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

27/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

28/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

29/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

30/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

31/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

32/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

33/50

33

Beneficial Mutation

Mutation for albinismbeneficial for bearswho live on the ice

and snow Polar bears were

once part of apopulation of brown &

black bears

Now polar bears are aseparate species

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

34/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

35/50

35

Tuberculosis

Number 1 killer in 1900

Antibiotics decreased cases dramatically

1980 very few cases

Bacterium that causes TB is constantlymutating

Mutant strains resistant to antibiotics are

naturallyselected to survive

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

36/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

37/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

38/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

39/50

39

Stabilizing Selection

Average valueselected for

Extreme values

selected against

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

40/50

40

Directional Selection

Favors values aboveor below average

Population will shift tothe favored value

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

41/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

42/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

43/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

44/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

45/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

46/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

47/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

48/50

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

49/50

49

Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibrium

8/3/2019 Evolution Part 2 Edited

50/50

50

The End