evolution of wifi testing - wordpress.comwhat is your wifi card? linux settings $ ip a show wlp1s0...
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Evolution of WiFi Testing
But Mostly Practical Advice
Jed Reynolds, Candela Technologies@jed_reynolds@candelatech
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Topics and Interests
Like, what’s really on your mind?Get that on the whiteboard at the start
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● The Past of WiFi testing– WiFi standards– Signal strength, placement, site mapping
● The Present of WiFi testing– You are my density!– Ensuring fairness
● The Future of WiFi testing– Efficiency at density, battery life
Past Present Future
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What is WiFi Testing?● What are we testing?● Signal Strength, Availability● Speed test● Number of devices● Stability● Quality of Connection
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Number of Devices● Home● Public Venue● Enterprise● Sensor Network
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Stability● How reliable is your connection● What interrupts it?
– Downstream interference– Upstream congestion
● Your channel plan
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Quality of Connection● Is it responsive?
– Measure DNS times● Is it fast enough?
– Download test● Does it allow enough users?● Are they getting equitable bandwidth?
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What is a speed test?● Speedtest.net
– A good idea?● Wired speed● Wireless speed● Isolate what you’re testing● Be your own upstream
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Basic Network
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Being an Upstream Endpoint
● Wired endpoint● On same LAN as AP● Running a better chipset● PC, NAS, or OpenWRT on AP itself
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Your toolsOn Linux, they are all based on:● Intel wireless tools (iw, iwlist)● WPA Supplicant (station mode)● HostAPd (AP mode)● IPRoute2 package
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Effect of Your Hardware● Different devices have different radios
– 1x1 or 2x2 radios are common● Different upstreams have different CPUs
– Rpi Ethernet ...100Mbps on USB bus– Odroid C1 Ethernet 1000Mbps– Thinkpad T420 Ethernet 1000Mbps on PCIe2
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Traffic Generation● Android Iperf
– Magic iPerf– MyPerf Server– HE.net
● Android SCP or Samba:– X-plore
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What is your wifi card?● Linux Settings● $ ip a show wlp1s0wlp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b0:52:16:07:4c:8f
inet 192.168.45.118/24 brd 192.168.45.255
● Android Settings- many items in Play store
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Your connection is...?$ iwlist wlp1s0 scanwlp1s0 Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: 60:E3:27:6F:D9:BA
Channel:11
Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
Quality=70/70 Signal level=-31 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"cyrus-n"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
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Connection Quality● Signal Strength● Available Airtime
– Co-Channel interference– Only one thing can transmit at once
● Side-Channel interference– 2.4GHz: 1, 6, 11 !!!– 5GHz: 80, 40, or 20MHz?– DFS (radar) (52-144)
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Tests use Scripting● Laptop and Linux!● Iperf● Netburn● Scp
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Setting up iPerf server● $ apt install iperf3● $ ufw status; ufw disable● $ iperf3 -s ● Laptop—ethernet plugged in?
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Using iPerf client● Many Android iPerf apps
– Iperf2 != Iperf3● HE.net iperf3
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Netburn● Github: jimsalterjrs/network-testing● webserver on LAN● Attack a page: $ netburn -u http://server/disc.iso
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Other CLI Tools● Iftop (cli meter)● Netperf ● Complicated options:
– Flowgrind– Flent (uses netperf, bufferbloat)– Mgen (navy.mil)
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Most of your tools...have only changed a little. Are based on:● Intel wireless tools (iw, iwlist)● WPA Supplicant (station mode)● HostAPd (AP mode)● IPRoute2 package
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Professional Tools● Site Survey Tools
– Ekahau Site Survey/Sidekick– Tamograph– Airmagnet
● Traffic Emulation Platforms– LANforge
● Multi UE testing solutions– Ixia
● Testing and reporting platform
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802.11b (WiFi 1)Much wifi was 802.11b● 2, 5.5 and 11Mbps● Two antennas● These APs are long gone● Endpoint devices will never leave us
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More Resources● WlanPro Resources:
– www.wlanpi.com● Laminate this:
– bit.ly/2UGhvpz● Wlanpros Lending library
– bit.ly/2UOTHQs● WLANPi:
– www.wlanpi.com
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802.11a (WiFi 2)6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54 MbpsNot compatibe with 11bOFDM
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802.11g (WiFi 3)6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps; can revert to 1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mbps using DSSS and CCK.compatible with 11bOFDM
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802.11n (WiFi 4)1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 MbpsOFDMMIMO Channel Bonding3 2.4Ghz channels12 5Ghz channels
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.11n MIMO● 1x1 20Mhz 1x1 40Mhz● 2x2 20Mhz 2x2 40Mhz● 3x3 20Mhz 3x3 40Mhz
Spatial StreamsAntenna DiversityMultipath InterferenceCompensates for Fading
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802.11ac wave1 (WiFi 5)● High Efficiency, MIMO● 24 5Ghz channels● 1x1 40 MHz 200 Mbps● 2x2 40 MHz 400 Mbps● 1x1 80 MHz 433 Mbps● 2x2 80 MHz 866 Mbps● Many UE radios are dual-band .11n/.11ac to
gain 2.4Ghz channels
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802.11ac wave2 (WiFi 5)● Higher performance● Introduces MU-MIMO● 2 5Ghz 160Mhz channels (866Mbps)
3x3 MIMO
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802.11ax (WiFi 6)● High efficiency ● Crowded environments● No rate increases● Multiple subchannels● Emphasizes hardware sleep states with
colors and Time to Wake