evolution of society.new (2)

8/13/2019 Evolution of Society.new (2)

1/44

EVOLUTION

"Evolution is said to haveoccurred within a species,

lineage, or population whenmeasurable changes in variousmorphological, behavioral, orbiochemical characteristicscan be detected."


2/44

Daniel Leeis not an expert inevolutionary theory, but hesgot ideas about where we came

from. He certainly doesnt try topass them off as scientific truth;instead he makes his ideas into

anything-but-primitive digitalimages.


3/44


4/44

EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY

A society ,is a group of peoplerelate to eac! ot!er t!roug!persistent relations, or a large

social grouping s!aring t!esa"e geograp!ical territory#


5/44

T!e ter" $society$ ca"e fro"

t!e Latin %or societas ,

%!ic! in turn %as eri&e

fro" t!e noun socius #


6/44

CONCE'T OF SOCIETY

IN ANT()O'OLO*Y Human societies are mostoften organi!ed according to their primary meansof subsistence.

"ocial scientists have identified societies as

Hunting gathering societies.

#astoral societies.

Horticulturalist societies.

$ntensive agricultural societies.

$ndustrial societies.

#ost-industrial societies.


7/44

(unting an gat!ering societies

$n these societies, all food is obtainedfrom wild plants and animals, incontrast to agricultural societies which

rely mainly on domesticated species.


8/44

A Hadzabeman chewing baobab formoisture.


9/44

%he Had!a are a tribe of hunter-gatherers in %an!ania.

%he Had!a are one of the last societiesanywhere in the world that survive byhunting and gathering.


10/44


11/44


12/44

(amels play an important role in "omalipastoral society#


13/44

(orticulture societies

(orticultureis the science, andtechnology, involved in intensive plantcultivation for human use .

$t is very diverse in its activities,incorporating plants for food )fruits,

vegetables, mushrooms and non-foodcrops )flowers, trees, shrubs medicinalherbs*


14/44


15/44

Intensi&e agriculturesocieties

$t is an agriculture production systemcharacteri!ed by high use of inputs ascapital, labour , pesticides andchemical fertili!er relative to land area.


16/44


17/44

Inustrial societies

Inustryis the production of aneconomic good or service within aneconomy.


18/44

'ost+inustrial societies

It isa concept in economics describingwhen the service sector produces morewealth than the industrial ormanufacturing sector in some countries.


19/44

T(EO)IES OF EVOUTION

%here are several theories of evolutionsome are as following

Auguste co"te

# )ousseau#

o!n Loc-e# T!o"as (o..es#

Le%is !enry /organ#


20/44

AU*USTE CO/TE

He was a +rench philosopher.He was a founder of thediscipline of sociology and ofthe doctrine of positivism.

&ccording to (omte thehuman mind progressesthrough three stages ofdevelopment.


21/44

T()EE STA*ES

%heological stage.

etaphysical stage.

#ositivism stage.


22/44

0# T!eological stage

uring the earlier stage manbelieved that all phenomena of

nature are the creation of divineor supernatural power, they fail todiscover the natural causes hence

attributed them to supernatural ordivine power.


23/44


24/44

1# /etap!ysical stage

etaphysical stage refers toexplanation by impersonal abstract

explanation, often people tried tobelieve that od is an abstract being.

$t is believed that an abstract power orforce guides and determines the eventsin the world.


25/44

etaphysical thinking discards beliefin concrete od.

+or example (lassical Hindu $ndiansociety where the principle oftransmigration of soul, the conception

of rebirth etc.


26/44


27/44

2# 'ositi&is" stage

%he #ositivity stage, also known as thescientific stage, refers to scientificexplanation based on observation,

experiment, and comparison.

uring this stage, human tried to

establish cause and effect relationship.#ositivism is a purely intellectual wayof looking at the world.


28/44

T(O/AS (O33ES4

"ociety came into being as ameans for the protection ofmen against theconse/uences of their ownnature.

%he life of man in the state ofnature was poor, nasty andshort.

the people started to ensuresecurity and certainty of lifeand property.


29/44

# )OUSSEAU4

0an in the state of nature was

a novel savage who lived a lifeof primitive simplicity andhappiness1.

He also mentioned that man inthe state of nature wasindependent, healthy, self-sufficient, fearless and good. $n

course, of time populationgrew, ownership of privateproperty came into being.

en began to think in terms of2 2 2 3


30/44

O(N LOC5E4

He explained social contract

theory in his book 1%wo %reatieson (ivil ovt.1 he mentionedman in a state of nature associable, good and peace-

loving.

%here was no recognised lawand 4ustice, by which peaceful

life was often upset bycorruption .

en were driven into a mutual

contract for their personal aswell as collective benefits.


31/44

Le%is !enry /organ4

&n &merican anthropologist.

He was interested in what hold

society together.

he proposed the concept that

the earliest 0human domesticinstitution3 was matrilinealclan not the patriarchal family.


32/44

5ooking across and expanded

span of human existenceorgan presented three ma4orstages

"avagery.

6arbarism.(ivili!ation.


33/44

Sa&agery

3ar.aris"

5ower iddle 7pper

CIVILI6ATION

5ower iddle7pper


34/44


35/44

5ower savagery


36/44

iddle savagery.


37/44

7pper savagery.

5ower barbarism


38/44

5ower barbarism.

iddl b b i


39/44

iddle barbarism.


40/44

7pper barbarism.

(ivili!ation


41/44

(ivili!ation.

$t finally, came about with the invention of

writing.

%he text is a 1gift from the High and


42/44

%he text is a gift from the High andighty of &dab to the High #riestess,

on the occasion of her election to thetemple1.

ate 89th

century 6(


43/44


44/44

evolution of society.new (2)

Documents