evolution of multigene families
DESCRIPTION
Evolution of multigene families. Gene duplication and multigene families. Orthologs - homologs by speciation. Paralogs - homologs by gene duplication. Phylogenetic consequences of duplication, speciation, and gene conversion in gene families. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Evolution of multigene families
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• Orthologs - homologs by speciation
• Paralogs - homologs by gene duplication
Gene duplication and multigene families
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Phylogenetic consequences of duplication, speciation, and gene conversion in gene families
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Identify the evolutionary events indicated by circles
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Gene duplication and polyploidization in plants
Poplar
Papaya
Arabidopsis
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Retroposon-mediated duplication of IQD12 gene and morphological evolution in tomatoes
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Using age distribution of gene duplication events to infer whole-genome duplications
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Recent and ancient duplications in the soybean genome
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Origin of new gene regulatory functions
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Evidence for adaptive evolution in ribonuclease
genes of primates
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Evidence for localized gene conversion & concerted evolution in primate globin gene family
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Immunoglobulin Vh gene family in vertebrates
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The vertebrate major histocompatibility complex (Mhc)
Human
Mouse
Chicken
Frog
DPDNDM DO DQ DRB C X E J H G F
BA BA A AB B BA BA B ABB
K FM OA E D Q T M
II
B A BB BBA B BA
B-G
B BA
B-G
B
rDNA
B B
A BBB
complementHSP70
complementHSP70
complementHSP70
TAPLMP
TAPLMP
LMP
TAP
Class II Class III Class I
I II III I
II I II I II
II I
I
A
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Concerted evolution of avian Mhc genes revealed by Genetree analysis
A, species tree B, gene tree
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Agph-DAB1Agph-DAB2
Agph1.1Agph1.2Agph1.3
Came.11Came1.2
Came2.1Apco1.1Apco1.2Apco1.3Apco2.1
Apco3.6Apco3.4Apco3.3Apco3.2
Apco2.3Apco2.4
Apco3.5Apco3.1Apco2.2
BLBIBLBIICHKBLBETA
BLBIIIBLBIV
BLBVXHLA-DRB1HLA-DRB7
HLA-DRB2Mus-E
HLA-DOBMaru-DAB1
HLA-DPBMus-A
HLA-DQBXela-DAB
Pore-DXB0.10 substitutions/site
88
88
96
95100
100100
81
96
XenopusPoecilia
mammals
chicken
Scrub Jay
House Finch
Red-winged Blackbird
100
birdsmammals
Phylogeny of bird and mammal Mhc class II B genes (exon3)
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The DDC model of subfunctionalization, as illustrated by Hox genes
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Complementary expression patterns in duplicated zebrafish engrailed genes
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High rate of gene duplication(Lynch)
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Using gene order to estimate times of gene duplication in yeast
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Age estimates based on Ks and orthology do not match
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Paralogs clustering by species - a telltale sign of concerted evolution