Evolution of

Informatics Part I

Lynn M. Nagle, PhD, RN, FAAN National Institute on Nursing Informatics

Objective: §  To examine the origins of

informatics

Informatics…the convergence of information science, computer science, and a discipline science Gorn, 1983

Nursing INFORMATICS

Graves & Corcoran, 1989

Information

Science

Nursing Science

Computer Science

History of Information Science §  1900’s to 1930’s Bibliographic §  1920’s to 1950’s Documentation §  1940’s to 1950’s Scientific Information §  1950’s to 1960’s Information Retrieval §  1960’s on…….Information Science §  1970’s on…….Informatics & Bibliometrics

§  1980’s evolution of data standards §  1990’s from information to knowledge... §  2000’s knowledge generation to new

discoveries... §  2016…AI, Robotics, Cybernetics, Big Data

Analytics

Modern… History of Computer Science

1960’s §  3rd generation computers evolved with

modular components, increased speed, multiple user access

§ Moore’s Law § Marshall McLuhan

1970’s §  the silicon chip advances personal computer

development §  the floppy disc, Apple II

1980’s §  Personal computing evolves, movement to

“open systems”; evolution of GUI, Microsoft competes with Apple

§ CD players, Notebooks, Laptops § Development of data exchange standards

(e.g. HL-7) 1990’s

§ Client server architecture; mid-range computing; networks; World Wide Web

§  Speech recognition; Pentium Chip; CD-ROM, Scanners; Biometrics

2000’s § Net-based architectures; Digital Images;

Digital Integration - voice & data; VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

§ Ubiquitous wireless, continuous speech recognition, virtual persons, intelligent courseware

§ Distributed computing, utility models e.g., (Application Service Providers (ASP), Cloud computing)

§  Mobile computing – smart phones, tablets §  Agnostic computing §  Social Media §  YOUR computing world today!

Cost of computing power...

Year Cost Power 64 1964 $10,000,000 1 1999 $7.00 1,508,002 2004 $.87 11,508,821 2014 $.07 670,329,823

Moore’s Law

Nursing Science §  Early research grounded in logical positivism,

quantitative, objectivist approaches §  Expanded to include human science, qualitative,

interpretive, & multi-method approaches §  Utilizing information tools to support the research

process (e.g., web-based surveys) §  Big Data – Data Science

Information & communication generating nursing knowledge