evolution concepts. phyletic evolution (anagenesis): yes, but not this example! implications
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Evolution concepts
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Phyletic evolution (anagenesis): Yes, but not this example!
Implications
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Contrast of two ideas about the fundamental basis of change
Lamark: principles of 1) use and disuse 2) inheritance of acquired characteristics
Darwin: principle ofevolution by natural selection
Variation presentbefore it would beof value.
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Transformationalevolution
Lamarck
Variationalevolution
Darwin
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1798
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Example of an adaptation.
Giraffe neck size
Why do giraffes haveLong necks?
Set up an hypothesis.
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Evidence
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• Why do giraffes have long necks?• There was (is) a difference in neck size among bulls.• Competition for females during a brief reproduction
season. Males engage in combat; necks are used. • Neck length accompanied by a gain in mass• Sexual selection: males with stronger necks have greater
mating success….win more contests.• Alleles resulting in stronger necks tend to be passed on to
progeny and increase in the population.• The population changes over time.
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Biological diversity: created or product of evolution
• A random survey of 2,000 adults• 42% believed that biological diversity has not
increased since the beginning of time.• Special creation• 48% believed that biological evolution has
taken place.• Descent with modification
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Special creationThe intelligent design argument
• 1. Fixity of species• 2. Each species was independently created
– No relationships among species• 3. Biblical evidence: origins are recent• Movement called creation science attempts to legitimize
special creation.• Creation “science” is not a science.• Argument is based on idea of Intelligent Design supported by
the idea of irreducible complexity.
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Bacterial flagellum: irreducible complexity?
E. coli Mobility
YersiniaType III Export System
30 protein components20 proteins involved in assembly
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Eyes of mollusks: snails, clams, squid & octopi
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Convergent evolution