evolutia monetara in romania-en

7/31/2019 Evolutia Monetara in Romania-En

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coins Mint Statehistory

new leu (RON)old leu (ROL)

sets

Histria drachmas, sec. i.Cr. IV

the Dacians,copy after the late

Macedoniantetradrahmaof Philip II

Roman imperial dinar what it infatiseazaPresident and the conqueror of Dacia

follis-century ByzantineVI AD

Highlander duchy of Vlaicu Vodafirst issue of a Romanian prince

Movement and issue monetary IN ROMANIA

Coinage in the territory of present Romania began in ancient Greekcolonies of the Black Sea, which held a settlement very fructuasa

commercial activity. In IV century i.Chr at Histria, Calatis, Tomis andDyonisopolis there were workshops where monetary bateau stateri gold(more rarely), and tetradrahme drachmas of silver and bronze divisions ofdrachmas. After conquered province, in 71 i.Chr., The Romans wereprohibited minting coins of precious metal, but have allowed thecontinuation of manufacturing bronze pieces. Greek monetary activityworkshops from coast Ponti Euxin finally ended around 245 AD

Dacian coins

The coins produced in colonies on the Black Sea had only a localcirculation. The rest were preferred Dacia Macedonian coins of Philip II andhis survivors, or, after the conquest of Macedonia by the Romans, dinariiRepublicans.

Around 280 i.Chr appear in the circulation of silver coins batute by theDacians in their own workshops. Mimic the design on the Macedonian andRoman coins respect Dacians monetary weight of the originals which theyimitate. This explains the fact that although they were not too successful interms of artistic Dacian coins circulating in parallel with the Greek or Romancoins that you copied.Conquest of Dacia by the Romans in 106 AD put an end to monetaryactivity workshops Dacians. Trade area, became Roman province, wasgrasping the imperial coins, whose circulation has continued after thewithdrawal of Aurelian 271 AD until the fall of Rome in 476 AD

Currency in centuries V - XIV

Fall of the Roman Empire and the West have brought navalirile barbarian

in actuality barter. Although diminished, the circulation of money until the XIIth century based on the currencies of East Roman Empire (Byzantine).Byzantine coins were practically the first coins used by the people that formin the ancient Dacians - the Romanian people.In the XIIth century, with the raising of new neighbors lands inhabited byRomanian: Hungary, Poland, Serbia and Bulgaria, have replaced theircurrencies in circulation in the Byzantine.United invasion of the Tartars in 1241 changed the economic configurationof the area, favoring penetration of coins sunset Europe (German andEnglish), replaced in turn by their emitted dinarii banal money Slavoniei andkings of Hungary. From these names was commonplace in English theword "ban", which designates both the natural as well as coins of little value- change. Today "money", even if more than 10 years I have never heard ofhim subdivision is the Romanian currency.

The first Romanian Mint

Soon after foundation the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia,appearing first in those provinces Mint.In Romania Vlaicu Voda (1364 - 1377) has beaten since the 1365 Ducatisilver (18 - 21 mm diameter, 1.05 grams) similar to Bulgarian and sirbestioccur and ducatii Byzantines and dinar (16 - 18 mm diameter, 0.7 grams)and money (15 - 16 mm diameter, 0.35 grams) of all silver, after theHungarian. They are practically the first the first coins produced by theRomanian.
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bulk of his Moldovan Stefan cel Mare

quarter of a gold ducatissued in Transylvania

in 1613 by GabrielBathory

Dutch lion thaler-XVII-century

the draft of the 1860 Romanian 5

1 of the first LEOissued in 1870

Dual targeting in monetary policy, as well as legends in Slavonic and Latinon coins, is explained by the trade links that had both Wallachia with Serbiaand Bulgaria, countries are in the last years of their political independencebefore the Turkish conquest, but with Hungarian kingdom.Besides the Dan I (1383 - 1388) of the weight disappears and Ducati arerenamed Ducati dinarii Wallachia.Until the middle of the XV century valaha followed the trend of devaluation

of the Hungarian. Vladislav II (1447 - 1456) corrects the adaptive weight itby the harsh Turkish (1.21 grams) of the reign of Murad II (1421 - 1451) andDucati issue of silver weighing 800 0.6 and money weighing 0.3 grams.Turkish domination over Walachia end broadcasts gentlemen pamintenilast coin is known to those of the Batrin Basarab (1476 - 1477). For almost400 years here before in Wallachia circulate all sorts of coins Turkish,Hungarian, Russian, Dutch, Austrian, etc. ...

Moldova Mint was founded in Suceava by Petru Musat (1375 - 1391).Since 1377, there were beaten thick (18 - 24 mm diameter, 0.96 grams)and semigrosi (14 - 16 mm 0.4 grams) of silver after the model of the Polesfrom Lwow. For deodebire valaha currency, the Moldovan nationalcurrencies are in large majority in Latin and with only few exceptions in theSlavonic language.And the Moldovan follows trends devaluation of the neighboring (Polish)

and thus occur semigrosii silver's Stefan cel Mare (1457 - 1504), althoughacceptable in circulation until the Ottoman Empire, have only 0.6 gramsrespectively 0.3 .After 1526, regular broadcasts Moldovan stop. Mint will continue to workbut occasionally up in the second half of century XVII century, when duringthe reign of Istrate Dabija register of the last production, namely themassive illegal imitations of shillings that Poles have a real financial disasterin the circulation of money epoch.Until the monetary reform of 1867, Moldova's economy will be invaded byforeign broadcasts, mostly the same as in Wallachia.

And in Transylvania coinage begins in sec. XIV. Unlike the other twoRomanian principalities, there were more Mint Cluj, Sibiu, Lipova, Brasovand Baia Mare.

Currencies that are made here but that was issued by the king of Hungary,being dependent Voivodeship Hungarian crown.Thus King Carol Robert of Anjou (1308 - 1342) and then the successor orLouis the Great (1342 - 1382) were beaten in thick Transylvanian Mint silverafter the model of the Prague and banal dinar after the Slav.With the transformation in Hungary after Turkish pasalic battle of Mohacs(1526), Transylvania becomes autonomous principality under Turkishsuzerainty, being led by a prince.Basically at this point there is the issue of its own currency Transylvaniadecisively favored by this exploitation of precious metals that the countryholds in the Apuseni.Activity of monetary princes Transylvania is very diverse, but weremotivated mainly by self-important political affirmation of the right regalianthan economic reasons. The principality continued to circulate in paralleland foreign currencies.

The weight is the Ducati in gold (1 ducat = 3.5 grams Au 980 ) and (thesilver) of the German thaler, thick Polish, Hungarian dinar, or farthingshillings Swedish Austrians.Mint we established in this period in Alba Iulia, Sighisoara, Fagaras andArad.Own broadcasts cease after processing of Transylvania in the province ofthe Habsburg Empire (1688) and become hot Austrian currency exchange.

Monetary chaos


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National broadcasts cease left foreign currencies instead of invasion, theirnumber increasing from around 20 in the XVII century from 90 to mid-nineteenth century. Different alloy and weight system, the multitude offoreign currency has led to chaos in a real currency in Moldova andWallachia.If you till the end of XVII century predominated asprii decline occurred afterthe Ottoman Empire failed siege of Vienna (1683) was known in devaluing

the Turks, being replaced by talerii Dutch-lei.Currencies with large diameter (40 mm), heavy (27 grams) of silver andbeaten on a higher (833 ), these leewedaalder them, whose namederives from the lion ramp on their thunder, were imposed with muchauthority in the entire south-eastern Europe, inciting not only in theRomanian have been preserved as a base after their removal fromcirculation, but the name is found until today in the name of nationalcurrencies of countries in the region: leu - Romania, leva - Bulgaria.From the end of sec. XVIII and until after the next half, have circulatedmainly in particular Russian and Turkish coins Austrian facindu theirconversion to the weight of the lion and the Paralia (divizionara Turkishcurrency).In the absence of a single currency, the leu calculation could not regulatethe circulation of Romanian, although various pravice trying to establish asingle rate. Between 1831 and 1832, established the following Rules

Organic equivalent: 31.5 lei = 3.49 grams Au 990 or 2.25 RON = 6.68 gAg 583 , and 1 leu = 40 bucks. In 1837 and then in 1843, the para-leuchange and, from 1 to 60 respectively from 1 to 80.Exchanges are made for short reports random. Speculations take placeboth within the borders as well as in international trade, the latter obviouslyagainst principalities.Intensification of economic exchanges in the first jum \ tate of the centuryXVIII, maintenance of currency chaos, due to increasing amount siidiversitatiii currency that circulates in principle. Much of this is the metalwith lower intrinsic value of the exchange.Various occupations in foreign territory leaves significant amounts ofcurrency and devalued many fluctuations caused by exchange rates andspeculation stapnirii Turks at either the trade or pay a different principalitieswhich had to do suzerain power, the essential contribution of the trafficmess money.

It was obvious that the fictional not correspond to the developingeconomies, especially after the union of the principalities and a unifiedmonetary system based on a single currency became more than necessary.

Romanatul Cuza

With the election of a single principle in both countries Romanian currencyproblem complicate the political significance that the founding of her right tobeat regalian mean independent state.The Ottoman Empire already looked helpless concern Romanian provincesin the union in one state and still hope that this state of affairs will last onlyduring the reign of Cuza, was decided to take the path of any politicalinitiative that could later lead detachment from the principalities of theempire under the tutelage.

Although perfectly aware of the Turkish position, he begins the electionyear even as its prince (1859) preparations for the establishment of amonetary system.In a document from the November 18 board minstri government ofWalachia appears possible for the name "Romania", having standard size,weight and metal title of the French franc, divisions urmind to call"decimate" or money to 10 to parts of Romania and centima "to his handcent. Based on the Wallachian government document was prepared inAugust 1860 a draft law in 12 articles which set that will strike gold coins,silver and arama.


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In parallel with preparing legislation regarding the new currency in May1860 to initiate a 5-year contract with French monetaria necessary tomanufacture the Romanian. The amount that was to manufacture the first 2years of the contract was 100,000,000 francs annual minting and waslimited to 150,000,000 pieces. To cover the first installment of the contract,Ministries of Finance of the United Principalities were to engage a Frenchmarket loan of 60,000,000 francs by public subscription. The contract used

for the name "anglais" (Romanian), and specifies that the unit will be acurrency of silver weighing 5 grams. 1 The Romanian had been similar suchas diameter and weight as the 5 francs.At the recommendation of Victor Place, the French consul, the numismaticLongprier, custodian cabinet of medals of the Louvre Museum, the modelsrun for all three types of currencies: gold, silver, bronze.It is interesting to note that the name has given place to dispute. Althoughfirst version, inspired from the French name given to the "Romanian"currency, the proposal's Heliade Radulescu, which has attracted attentionas the name might born and confusion equivocate, has adopted the name"Roman" by etymology similar "duchy.Loan bonds launched by the French market but has not materialized, andthe High Gate, as was expected, did not agree with the batteries of theRomanian considers it as an attribute of sovereignty. Project foundingcurrency has fallen.

Priority policy of recognition of the Turkish Union of its past two monetaryproblem. Cuza left the impression that giving up the idea. A year later,however, a new draft legislation called for the regular course ... moneyUnited Principalities "return to current issue. In large, the project was one in1860 but 7 specify amnarea batteries romanatilor actual gold and silver"until circumstances will erta. Urma to beat the first divizionara of copper.They even established alloy composition: 95 arama parts, 4 parts tin andone part zinc. Again, however, the project hit by mpotrivirea Turks.A third attempt takes place in 1864. A new legislative initiative specifiesthe types of currency to be made, namely: 20 and 10 Romania Gold, 5, 1and 1 / 2 Romanian and 10 silver, 5 bronze and 1sutime. From this periodremained even some evidence of the 5-hundredth, mentioned in literatureas the sample and 10 hundredth. The project will of course remain thesame draft as the previous reason.There are other known attempts to establishing a national currency until

the forced abdication of Prince on 11 February 1866. While always otherpriorities, election law, agrarian reform, etc. ... Cuza Voda had to stop orpostpone this project forever.Worth mentioning however strong resemblance of monetary thought in thetime at Prince Cuza to be adopted by the monetary law of 1867. With smallchanges in the structure of the parts and another name for the system ofmonetary romanatului is actually premergatorul national monetary systemthe lion

Founding national monetary system - Romanian Leu

Stradaniile during the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza have even resulted inthe departure from this rule.Although initially through the act of recognition of the new ruler (Carol I) the

Turkish Government not allow the issue of any currency or conferringdecorations, in a letter in October addressed by the grand vizierGovernment, gate lies on the matter and allows Principalities to beat its owncurrency provided that bear a sign of the empire (or half-moon crescent withstars). A month later by a new letter Gate quit claim to it, but only regardingthe divizionara bronze.Build on this success, the government Bratianu reworded in a new draftlaw of the monetary Cuza and submit it to Parliament for approval.In April of 1867 to vote first monetary law of Romania, which establishesnational currency - the lion.


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Although give the name of "Romania", was that ordinary people [nuitalready almost two centuries, first by the Dutch and then by computing thelion, "lion" remain equivalent to the French franc. Done bimetalist monetarysystem of the Latin (convention concluded in 1865 between France,Belgium, Switzerland and Italy), the law provides for issuing gold coins (20,10 and 5 billion), silver (2 lei , 1 leu and 50 bani) and bronze (10, 5, 2 and 1ban). The law further provides that for financial reasons, for now was to

fight only bronze coins, whose execution has been otherwise immediatelyMint Watts & Co.. and Heaton in Birmingham.Bypassing the unbeatable pretext of lack of money making gold coins andsilver signs with Turkish suzeranitatii, Bratianu follow a dual purpose:establishment of the national mints and minting coins with the effigy of theprince - sign of state sovereignty.Three years later (1870) take the first being the Bucharest Romanian mintwhere the first beat Romanian leu.

Although for years have occurred since then many changes in themonetary system, "lion" has remained until now the national currency ofRomania.
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