Page i3XTRAi'F,MNBR,Y EPP2TTT ON

iklt.il ?, Irinys. ................................ .453

For many year; iiami.ian newq;-:?Tey; ila-~1 publir !!ed ~ t c . ~ . i o a ?f intBrepid and sea adventl;r:-sc 011 S~ti : rC~y. F~ ::-C~-.Z..:.- it.. 1~137; u i r ~ ~ , . l ;y,7zi, z ~ , e ~ ~ s h secular nep:sApper, a f 011~- :J?.ze rreelLp,, '2Y.e : : ; - : r . - ~ - c. t 1; j .sKtj (-a. .:!;A ;;(-' e ~ ; ? . C , ;' ,; 9;- .,f Commerce -----.-,-.------ ..-.. -.- -2 --..,.. ,''.,2.,. ;: .-.,.....~,,,,,&,, .- . featured t h e foE-owing s to ry in 2;s i$z&.ng efmtc-:,;, -,-t is:. ,4;::;.i t elow, verbtb,

1:.CJJ ]~I : (<:X< FT Ax.5 o ~ ; ~ ~ - ~ ; A ? ~ ~ ~

C =::!I. t LC? iiS %.Q, Qr~r ~fip-~rm c&bdIISIT pE;I& f) RfiT;Qd ,.

Horace: Odes Trans: S~OL?% 03k an:l -2::i_l7!2 >;-a.?s encircled

t h e heart, of ?Am 1,vho fi-,.-s'; .re;ltumd h i s f r a i l bal-k on %he 1nmc2-ess sea.

Amongst t h e departures from om port LasL week we nava t o nut ice one of the most xkraordinary e.qeil 'itiona t h a t cirw h3.s been our l o t t o witness, unde r t aka by threb WUIIen 3 ~ d a 33.v t,'Ei-b rc.ir,1:p3sed paris <I;':' 3 ' ; s crew ~f t h e $&ooner Unity from Chiha.

The projector cf ti; ;:; e q r j c ' r i t ~ 0;; k ~ ~ i . . n g lived for some t,&e on t h e Is land of : ,scension,l one of .;-,!?e C:.: ,?o:l-ll?ie grotl?, e&arlied on board i;he cu t t e r Lambton when she . zs t v i s i t e d t h a t pl.ac;e, a1~4 -)f~t,h l:jrLl. a 13at!~-.~e boy. After spending same time a t t h e b ~ i a n a s and Pkillipprinr: :i:f.L.mds, .t!:ey p-oceecied ,to Chin2 whcre t h e Laxbton was en- ,aged in t h e opium i;ra.da; ji; ccmeq..m::e of which he ~I,s"lng t o re tu rn with h i s boy o Ascension, engaged nis se-x-l.zes ua* boaxl t h e Ui?lty, bound $0 G3h11, it being the .ost l i k e l y place where f i ~ rr,-iLght o?z.fn passage Tor himself and boy t o thak Island; n h i s a r r i v a l here it seems he was Gisappointed in h i s t ~ o smg&e expectations, here being no v e s ~ e l dess.ins.c! f w k. ha% place o r any probabi l i ty of one f o r scms time. Pt,er consulting t n ~ m3s3 steact.~ of his 'ci-devant sshpnates and having se lected two

.

r 9 m those who vcp:~:~tt?ererl, t h e y c:r,~e t o t h e deteimhation t o proceed t o Ascension, :

r83-jided they co-:a< mc1irs a ss!iital-ie vessel, but i i l t h i s &SO, t hey were foi led; .I< :uch was t he i r iczdtm.l;ic;l, p:ckuzed no doubt, by t h e i r golden shineras in pr- crctive, tha-t a t ang' r i s k they dc;terdzed t o persevere i n t he i r d l s c s t insane under- &iLng; accordingly they pur.c!iased a whde boat ( l a t e l y belonging t o t h e ~mer i can sh ip ~,-;il- in th_i_s port) s.bout tPi-r.t.y foe:-, long by six wide and having supplied her with 1.1 the reqJisi tss t.hey in<efided 'c.3 tcilte with them: and a fker bej.ng furnished with a: ?a latter bv R. Char.lton xsc;, ?;.j -::?-.;I consid f o r these i s l a d s , d escribing t h e i r '

HAWAII HISTORICAL REVIEW - JULY, 1968

''r, pjnch-hit f o r tt>cm?l, Frcm e a r l i a r , signed s 0 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ : t i . i oils, t h e gelleral s ty le , t h e L e t i c cpotation, and,

I , sprinkling of ~w::ch words, t!ha Reverend R.A. Walsh, t h e B r i t i s h C3shoj.i~ p r i e s t ih in j.n Honolulu, and an edi tor<r i~t r , could luve been t h e au thor of %he whale b a t

I MOTES

1 The I s l and of Ascension i s the old name for Ponape i n the C a r 0 1 ~ e s . 2 T M s cry was heard file v i l l a g e of Honolulu whenever aI?yJne ~ig!t+;ed a sail on

the horizon, o r rp- ; .~d a vesse l rounding Diamond H i l l , %l:s naze f o e Diamond Head in t h e 162Cs and 1ejCs.

HAWAII H I S T O R I C A L REVIEld - JULY, 1968 455

AIERICMJ SA1~I3Gli3 I N HAWAII : A SHORT SUVZdIZY OF MIGRATIQN AND SETTr,ERENT PATTERNS

axrailable, ' ...-_--- l......--.----..p-- -. This ~?.rLVich is <air:erpted from a p p e r , "American and Wc:stern S?.?noa : A Coinp~ra-

t ive Study of Pop:J-;ztion Growth and Migration," wri t ten at the University of Hawaii

HAWAII HISTOBICKL REVIEW - JULY, 1968 456

FJj-ll.irtl?r Petersm dic+, inc~ishea b e h e e n j.rnovat,in? ar?d conser~rst2ve rnigration;8 . - . . . .- the p x - . 3 a , . c : 9 a : -I 2-5 - a i f ' e a ?.ills I! o ldff migratton . . bogsn at-?o.~",92d, M L . ~ ~ ? : z , ~ i l ! lSH1~m2:~ ; t iC ; 1:3.:1 - - ; ~ 3 3 az?,2.-~3 S;*ii!~% fcr mny years prior , - . . -. as.d whet t h e ';m-$.e 3.: jlaie o:., 3;-.: vz.5 7. - .A;.,.- - - - , m- ,,,e;.' z. ~ . i . c i ) , ,%n:~an Ibmons began t o .- . -? .- - move in, By 19;!F; ;:,::::re we?-c? c;.i;;: ft.:.>i:, 3 ,-, . . i ; i i."; l:"~l;~i-~, i n j'a .i-. -Jl'LsE;e, I n 1929 the Pigurc reach&. 3-25 h.1 Zy i.726 -:ch,~' ::::c?:.a-?. !;i-:, if; A.5 so:i.atj. 27. i2 IIono1uI.u claimed . - 50 membsrs..iO In Cnzt same y.l;ar :i.--.cic.:?j rxxk ua & of Laie i ~ . u l z g c ~ l1 World Nar I1 cut off rnkyitim tanporaril-:*L2 u ? ri.", a:'..so led tr, inJuct.ion Z ~ t o ':he n,md fo rces o f . 3': dr3.3,-.-age Sancnns l iving 221 ~.zi:di.!.,,-3 &r5 3.n J;4:iu-i~:~~,s ?.,+:!':; '<:-IS m h r s h i p - Catls .. paw b:cil:<h.t :?I r ' m m Fago F~'.go t o ilonc.;iilu, MGL% werc :,t.~dc,:.:.'.,:; >,.a:.:i-:i..q~: -to at tend school

a . Thc f m ? d ~ ~ . J ~ t s abocrd ,xt.urned to zarr..x af:,sr. ~ 2 . i n g &-;~xi~m:;nts f o r t h e y c c ~ i ~ . ~ e c p l e s educe? j.yi.14 y :!.9jiT, L!,3 cativo:, c:Z j,r..c;r;.?cv ;SFXOS X-873rl i n ~ a w a i i j l 5

Tiia depression cf; t h e 15;2:3:s and l 9 3 0 ' s i n f.lw&:i m d e .i'; xr.;.ll;:.:'.g t h a t many of . . the e a d y migrants l e f t Samoa f o r ecsncaic reasons, PIC s'; co;r.e f .-., z,.x::ious pur-

p..~i+3,16 Srtmoans i n Laie tendad t o foxow .traditicn;l-l p a t t e a s oP ag~i~ i11 :b~ra . They r2:;eed hre?dfr'cl.i.'~, coccfiuts, '~e.;~ar.as, and taro, a::d su;;pl-ain~c b.;! *'.rl?i.r d!-c:-L with sca prc&?ct.s, 'j;y;o.i:allg, .?,a:! sf' the ffc:ltir: r~ j .2 .,.zti.x ~r.!.:n;~i.L-t<. .:he Kornon church . - . . - - 01- mi 1;he c ixmh- s m c a ! ,?.i 3 c~,~?. X c n , I(i~e.n_ "u h~ >l.a:r,r.i..x ';:I LW.:; : :ET ~?:~:e leased t o the - -, K ~ h u k ~ Sugar i-r;?lpang 2 i ~ 1'>3?- , 5 .-,,r.r; !:~~l;in~aa~ ci;n-k,irl~ed t.2 t\r>;_?k a c, s c ? *. :)z3 5; others went I

, . - 2 7 rel;.~if. 4J3y;d T r i ~ . h i . - 'i-: :*; . :J::.:~;FJ.-.-;, Llt.:iand fo r izbc)r l e d ssn:~ tc -c.:-..;c. , jc 'bs a t Pear l ' ~ a ~ 3 r n . 1 7 For nos5 Cmca;; Z:':LLi.j<> :; i n Laic, t h i s wage-earslir?g V;LZ :: :r.upplement t o a +,ra&. t:i.cmal si:?~sis.I:.err: 2 k.-ce 1 OK :::?eir gardens of t r o p i c a l f cods.i:,:~y.f :; , BJ 1954, t h i olde:. Sczmoans iil La:.*? cc,- I s idcred Flzwaii a pernianent hone, Sane 1ir.d ~;CL:S t o Utah or::. csn>ral C a l l f o r n i ~ j.12 yc?,-..-s past., !!ilt had retllrned be:-au:;e oZ -5he ~ . c . ~ e ? + j t y of the - wJirt,crn. Th~ce . 3f :.he 01.-:or Saracar,s were even appreherls2;-i;e riboiz; ;"l":i~~;~ng t o t he io hon.;.lnnd, The;. :>-1. t h a t t.hs haj:t.ei*, no re h.i,mid c l j m t e wo-~2.d be ::c1.2.21,.!.e

The %.sr$l m~g.rs.l,ior. :;.':xm. kinz-ica,? Smoa began in 1951, r?r;,:h i3.2 -kanaPer of ad2. p.i.i..nj-~tpakion t;.f -c..he $.e::r"i;o::y frcm '<,he Department of t he Navy -l-.o S j a !;t?;i:lrtnant of tfie -&:?.:.<-:yiorc., In ':-.hat:, 3-1;'~11;.: .!.::: Samoan zayal persome!- wsre tr~.ils.f~f::<.d ':.:, i%~1,1"1 Earbor,

T j w r - r i.l:.f,cc ,;3&sr~n ard. ~.ij.%h them c - 2 : ~ ~ 25): d~.::;-?ldents,:L9 I n July, 1?>2, t h e U,S,Sn -s;.,;,,,.,,-,--.,Y.,,,-a

~ c z Je a-ai lable ;or Lran:;p~;*t.i~g rams jning dependents of Samoan nav2,. I IZ-L I - t o 1 E > X ~ I - Z ~ ~ Because Lhe ship was capsble of carrying nearl'y 1,000 pq::~.~+?n;j.o,r~j. end t h e dq:.3:ldsn.ts to+dled c;ll;r a ilundpzd, space was ava i lab le f m ;.,G: -3 .. 'J'i-mae who . - dcs.lred t;o enll;.yt. 2~ the ay;=~ieri f crL*ceo o r who had a s p n s e 2.n h?.:+..:.i. s+"k p:tssa,ge for $2 0, PI a.1 -i:he ;;I:~.T ":c:'.1.19d 938 3nr?.sans t o ~ o n o l . ~ i l u , ~ ~ i\~pe;-.i!~?r.'. :; r.l;:r:x?:.c 5. 359;

H A W A I I HISTORICAL RZVIEN - JiTLY, 196% 457

surveyed the Sx~oans from the: Pre?ir:sn,k ,..-. .-*.-.--- Jr.ckson l i v i n g on P.hu i r ~ :L953? and categor- 9 6.-

i zed the5.r reasxis f . x c c m i r ~ ~ -to F:$>..irri uncle;- sc-:ec hen di.nq;s : -- (L) i,~ai7sf e x ed

HAWAII HIST(R1CAL 1ZEVImJ - JULY, 1968 458

HAIfKtI HISTORICAL mIBI - J'ULY, 1968 459

P * 5 D.B. Ejrde, Preliminary S t u Q of a Group of Samoan IvEgrants i n Hawaiifl (un-

published paper, University or' Zswaii, 1954), pp. 4-5. Stevens, p, 5. Pierce, p. 27. Ib-i-d p. 21. ,...," 3 H o ; l u h l u Star-B?lletin, December 18, 1953. -.. . - e..."

Eyte, pp. 4-5. Horiol.ulu i idver t i -s~r July 7, 1953. , ,..,- ,,,*.,---,--> Fierce, pi, 71.--.'iZ. Eyde, pp,, 5-6, Pierce, pp, 22-31, Eyde, pis, 10, ij-15. Pierce, p, 22, Ibid., pp. 32-39. -. . -

!tl'i~:+ Bsrtered Brides,! Newsweek, Ju ly 9, 1962, p. 31. Hemi5 S'mte Department of Heal-%h, S t . z t i s t i ca1 Report, S ta te of Hawaii, 1963,

pp., 6 , 24. Thld-,, Z.54, pp. 4, 37-, -..--.m -, *-.,-

TL-l.e~hont: Li tervlev with Robert Schmitt, December 2, 196T.

H A W A I I HISTOZUCAL REVID? - JULY, 1968 460

For s c m 25 years, startS.ng in :ke ea r ly 16!+0s, hundreds of whaU.ng ships ca l led Lahaina t h e i r second home. Lcavi-5 h e i r Nc.w Ekig:r-.nd base pcir-i;r fo r toyzges sme- t h e s la52 i1g up t o f ~ u r yea?s, f.lcse ohalers wir,f 3-ed in V,e bit? e r s b?txeen Maui and Lanai, ranting, s-Loi:'; Lrg up ci-~ p: c , \ L 5.Lo.n~ and mzking necdecl vep;.in:,,

Of t h i s vas t a rmda of s!,.;!71;', ordy one i s sti l l ir! xciu~,en;e---aZ'. e r a manner of speakixz--?is h u l l f irmly s e t ir, sm3. Thousands of IS s i t o r s s k z ~ m nbsrtrd t h i s 47-, year-old vesse l each yew, learning about thc hard work i t s hmb'e ancestors did and inarveling a t how men could work, e a t and l i v e i n such crzmped ~ n d poorly ou t f i t t ed quarters .

To proye~.ly show L a h a d 1 s e x ? y his to ry t o toda y1 s res idents anti v i s i to r s , a whaling ~ h i n mseulz seemed nzc.e,cs-i-.y. The Lnhaim ZestortiLion F~und3t ion a s i n the: pss t c~~-Lir?l!.=s t o fcr-tiard t h e rcs6ora-Lion of hist,oric s i t e s on land. But since t h e ' v.i;z.liLig S.r,dus-ky was so c lose ly interwoven with t he cormiunity it w2s f e l t t h a t it, . . LCD, ~ x ~ o u l d Be reprzsented. This seemed an unattainable goal u n t i l a stroke of luck, and tile farsightectless of the Foundationls d i rectors , r esu l ted in t h e acquis i t ion of the p ~ ~ , ~ g g > ~ & , > ~ ,

This v-:.5seL F ~ S builSJ in Denmark i n 1921 a s t h e three-masted schooner ----- Wandin. Under i t s f i . r~f 3 ; % ? ( ~ , Ca Aa in Peter.1.cn, it hafied general cwgo i n t he Ba l t i c f o r some 30 years. iz ,hen h-2 a 2 9 ; p~a:;jr serr.i.ce as a comerc i s l f i sh ing boat i n ice^ land. Next, an E-ir+.ishnn;l b~ught, Lhe - !%ndiz ,- and took it t o Central America t o use a s a general cargo ship, T h i s ~ p e r a k i ~ ? r:ras not s u c c c s s f ~ ~ , so ~&an an American, Tucker Thom~son, made an o l f w to L a y it, a d m 1 was compltteti :xd delivery effected i n San* Diego i n 1964.

I n 1965, t he Nirisch Corporctlon decided t o f i lm Kichenerls book Ha~isii, so they s t a r t ed t o look f o r a whaling ship. I t chmced tha t Capt. Thompson was i n Southern California a t the t ine with h i s sGilooner. Its s ize m d hul l were pract . i sa l ly t h e same a s those of many a whaling vee;eel, so an arrangement was consum;%ed whereby the movie company waul6 buy it, work lt over completely i n t o a whaler, and give t h e ' Captain f i r s t option t o buy it back 2-b t he cmple t ion of the filrrL-ng,

Under the guidance of Captain Alan Vi l l i c r s , well-known author and sa i lo r , who successfully s a i l ed the rep l ica of tihe Mayflower across the Atlantic; Karl Kortem, d i rec tor of the San Francisco Ni l r i tha Musemills Balclutha; BiJ.1 Bartz, manager of t h a t ship, and Ken Repsrd , captain of the S m Diego iquseum ship,, Lttr of India, t h e Wandia becane t h e square-rigged wh3ling bnrque Cwthagi&2_n. Captain ?'riompson as- -- s i s ted , and with t h e advisors and a crew sai led the --- Ca~th.z~ini-?n --. t o Hawaii and handled it a s well a s t!le missicnsry b ~ i g ;i'-~e;-z during t h e filming of the movie.

I n addi t ion t o changed rigging, t h e --. Carthaginian also had the spec ia l equipment necessary t o a t lha ihg career ins ta i i ed , Such t h i r g s a s t he smnll boats used t o harpoon whales, a s well a s lookout hoops f o r s ight ing t h e i r quarry, equipment fo r re- moving blubb~r., and Ezny other items, were added. A t t h e ssm time, t h e en t i r e h u l l was coaplcteiy checked a d repa i r s o r replacements ef'ected,

At, the cmplet ion of the movie, Cc".ptain Thompson exercised h i s option t o re- purchase, Vj t h h i s fxnily, he s a i l ed back t o California, but, soon stzrtec! back t o t he South Pzi~..~f'ic, This w ~ s a non-profit t r i p with a novice crew wil l ing t o share expenses f o r tl-e privilegt: of l e awing t o sa i l . Enroute they chanced t o s top a t Lahaina, and it was here t h z t the Lahaim Restoratton Foundation came i n t o t h e scene.

HAWAII HISTOIZICAL REVIZ4 - JULY, 1968 $1

Foundation c f f ic ia l - s persuc?ded t h e Gpfa in th?, t h i s ship belonged i n Lshaina a s a permanent f ix twc, so rzn opt,ic:n was s~.;~r,iid? w i + A delivery t o be effected a t t he end of t h e voyage. A~id so the - C w t ? ; a ~ i n . ' , . ~ ~ ~ ~ --- -- ....- k c !~corn~: 2n k l tegrn l pzr t of the res to ra t ion of Lshaina. Tr,r.;orlzrily nncnc-?~c! lil r.;-;c-. sir-ll boat n:trkor, it awaits 3 pemment berth t o be :rr:pz1rt d by t he Eta-:t? of I;?.,flal: l, .,, Carthaxixien ---..-. - w i l l re:nain completely mobile and Cap%ain 'l'holdpson, who n w w::::X:; f o r ?A!e Lahaina. l les tor l t ion Fountiation a$ Captain m-d Curator, w i l l take it ol:.t periodicaLiy t o k e ~ p a U of the gear i n o p 1 erat ing shape- It w i l l a l s o be di*;r~l;sked once a year, requiring a t r i p t o Honolulut A volunteer cyew w i l l be mczirkalncd. fo r t h e s e tri.pc;. i

A.:rx-~~:sd fo r cij.s:)lay intile h31d are m a y of .':?:c t oo i s of the whaling trade, t h e skelston ,3.r' a wna:.e, and pic tures ~ l " rhalers i n nct ion, !i s l i d e proSectsr wi-th t a p i d comerlt~z.y shows o thm views. CK C' ..(;I: a r e many o i j p ~ r t ~ l i t i a s f o r v i s i t o r s t o photo- graph each other i n an auther~ti- , .+iha.lirjg sh ip setJuing .

In t h i s walk-on museum it will- no-L only be 'poss ible fo r v i s i t o r s t o see a l l o f ' these displays, but i n addition t o inspect t h e very cramped quar ters in whlch old- i;jne crews a-Le sic.$, worked a ~ c ! ?n.;;ed themselves fo r months on end, Slich a v i s i t ? ir;ik'~S it eaey co c-7ik?-czt.3nd wl-i~i +:.kt? re men li.tera'i.:.y went wild yrh:?n they go'i. l e sve i n port t.o!\;-.1:3 1-'_:;c La;~?.in%. -?lsi, t.o e .ji; why t h e Marine Hospital, P,;.,iIJ, ;. n !,zhzb-a by t h e li, S. gm-~,?nwnt,, was :;ell f i l i e d with s i c k s eamen throughoilt t h e y::a-5 -Lien whaling .:

was i n t . t s heydsy. C3.~+~1-~.-,?gi_~iai1 is 130 f t , long oirerall, anc! 100 f t . on deck. Beam is 22$ f t . -- - -.3 - , - -"--

and drai ' t 9 f . L , It has 3 masts, t h e mainmast being 90 f t . above w a t w l h a , and . . a r r i e s -1-7 FA~-.'-s wiCh a t o t a l area of 10,000 sq. f t . It has a l s o a 185-hp Ewedish : d ie se l c,n.c;jm . f i l ~ er,terixg and lea-r!ng port, a s a squizre-rigged vesse l i s not a s mne~ver:~bln ss other typ;..s of seili.cg ships.

The hoavy e x p n s e of asqnirils t he Carthnginian, a s well a s the l a rge mount rer quired f o r i t s ul?ke:?p, necess i t a tes mking a nominal admission c h : ~ . ~ ~ e f o r v i s i t ing . This cost, howxw, i s uors %an c.fi .xr, by the chance t o see t,'iC fascinat ing display- aboard. Vis i tor s tc: Laha i?:; m e t .cwing C a r t h a g i g a n i n ever--iuzreasAng nunb ers, proving t h a t t h c y appeci-2-LC. t h i s , the l a t e s t effor-L of t h e Lahain3 Restoration

m

Foundntion t o mzke Lahain?. of t h e mid-18001s come a l i v e once more.

FOUXDPNG THE C Q;LM;F, OF HAWAII

I n 1967 t h e University of Hawaii observed i t s 60th anniversary. It i s in te res t - ing t o note t h a t t1.i .: i n s Lituti on, so lo rg a f i x t u r e of Honohlu. F J ~ S o r ig ina l ly destined fo:- ~ h o R:l ry I s l a ~ d . I n 1901 t h e f i r s t Te r r i t o r i a l Legis ia ture t r i e d t o put a college nc-1:. Y7t!: .- ala View,

Unti l t h a t t>_nle there h3d been no degree-granting i n s t i t u t i o n of higher learning i n Hamii . Betxeen 1856 and 1865- Punahou/~ahu College produced 14 sophmores who tmn?.f erred t 3 mainland colleges .I The I s l m d s general ly had ne i ther t h e students nora t. he 1l~13:; LJ sqzport a full-time college.

c~L,i7 ,.. :i,- ,.L -, ?.he !.n.te nineLeenth century the sugar indus t ry t s expna ion brought i n w-?ves 3: .j.ml~;ir;;:r acf,s ~,:!.io began seeking more education fo r t h e i r chiLci7:m ,- And when . . - - Ila1r,x3. kc:nrr,e a telx-itJo:.py i3. 1900 it q w l i f i e d f o r college subsidies p;.~.~:lded by the 13;:'ri.;I. 4:ts or' L362 a n . 1893. The f i r s t of these awarded gran ts of land f o r estab- l l sh ing ag r i cu l t u r a l colleges. The second gave land-grant col leges $25,030 a year.

HAWAII HISTORICAL REXIEN - JXY, 1?68 462

For the 19CL lcgi:;? Ztor:;, thi:; federal money m e m t Itbringing t h e needed i n s t i t u - a , .

tAon hone t o o w 63-y-z ;2.1CZ w:14-hin 553 ye2ch of a, :- cy,li..cns of t h i s - ~ e ~ . r i t o r ~ , 1 l 2 Re- . * p~esen-tat-irie 2 ,?-::lii-;,'.-r,a oc ;i:>~l;\,-;c ;~ r 2 c: ---.L -!:.,ed a pc+-5fL.5 i i ~ -LO t he :i,?gj.~lature from Ncr!;l., Kana ~~:..:i~.~:i.i; G a:;l.-{-g f c- a, :;'t3:- .> - I - : . . -. - .. -, - . - i a l Univers:i:;y at, XorCh !;(,;:& .; 113

Senztor !Xmle:l Eallclia of i:l;<!:!: ?.2.Lyc?!;i.:i;.d Sonate Eii?.. lie, 62? 1..4>i. $:.-it t o create, e s tab l i sh and laca te ,i.gricult.~:cC. Ccl;cg.=- a;,: Model $arm, Pro;-icEns for t h e manage- raei?t there of, and appropria ti;% moiicy <or i . ~ s m 2 k t enanc e and d e v e l o p ~ ~ n l ,

Som5 of the b i l l 1 s provisions o f fe r an i n t e r e s t i ng commentary on ea r ly conceptq of land grant colleges:

Studants p i d r,o tu i t ion , but they h s d t o work 3t l e a s t t h r ee hours each day a t mr.11131 1~150~ on the college f a m ,

C O U ~ ? S ~ S ranged f;-om llnatul-a1 ph<!_osophyff t o Wegetable anatorryll . The school year ended on the sezonci Wednesday i n Movmber, and t h e new term

zk%rted "he next day. The Board of Regents1 annual m e t i n g was held on the l a s t day of school. A t t h i s

.t.:- ~..l , t , -, and during other v i s i t s , t h e Ke,qi:nts were e n t i t l e d t o f r e e accommoclation on 3 Z J r i i ' I 1 S -l.

GLher residen5s who wanted t o r i s i t t he campus wculd receive up t o 1 0 days of f m e c a r d and lodging,

T~*:er~-t;y thousand dol lars were considered su f f i c i en t t o construct, s t a f f , and operai,e the college .4

.The b i l l went t o t he Sen3te C~mnit tee on Education, where t i e location of the col- lege w2s discur;sed. The l e g i s l a t o r s wanted t h i s plum f o r themselves ins tead of a l - lairing the governor 5 s chc;lcc a s .the b i l l specified. The neighbor is lands held the balance ~f power i n Coe l e g i s l a t u r e , It was therefore expedient -Lo hzve -&he college in a r u r a l area, Since Szc:i%c President Nicholas Russell of Mo~qt?.ki V i a w was a booster o'f h i s nome Cis ts ic t , t he comxittee gained R u s s e l l ~ s s u p o r 5 by putt ing t he college i n Nount.zin View,

The cornit tee de;ided t,o l oca t e t he college on l o t s 137: 133., 13'3, 140, l W , 142, 143 and 144 of t he New O k a .Tract, Today this 500-acre s i t e i s markd by the grove of euczl?rptus t r e e s on e i ther s iae of P.Drr~?ilahoa Highway jus t above MounL2in View.

This a rea had I!gently uriclulatingll land m d good s o i l requirod for college ex- .

pe rhen t a t i on and stuciy. Mourhain Vlcw was a lso c h r s c t & r i z e d a s being flnbundzntly supplied" with water Iffor oriiinnrg use 2nd f o r protection against f i r e .I' A wagon road and proposed Hilo Railroad e:&onsian would make t h e campus e a s i l y accessible.5

The b i l l a s mended passed i t s f i r s t reading. On the second re,%ding Senator Henry P. Baldwin of Naui caught Russell by surpr ise and tacked on an amendment let- t i ng the &overnor choose t h e site.6 Russell, however, d idn ' t want h i s const i tuents to. ' lose the college. When t h e b i l l mme up for f i n a l reading, he pushed through an amendment designating the Mountain View locetion.7

The b i l l wssed t h s Semte and went t o the House on May 1, 1901. Unfortunately, t h a t was the l a s t &;y of thc sesston, and the House never acted on t 5e b i l l . 8

The 1903 l e g i s h t u r e a l so .ti-ri.~cl t o es tabl ish a t e r r i t o r i a l c o l k ~ e , This time the process began in .Yne House of R.;presentstives. House B i l l No. 11 i,?LiS s imilar to t he i l l - fa ted 1901 measure, and Mountain View was again nancd a s t h e collcge s i t e . 9 But t h e Speaker of t h e House i n 1903 whs from Eaui. Accordingly, t he Eouse Cornittee

on PGblic Health and Eclucation recormended Naui fo r t h e college. Instead of ikl0~~n!;c3in VLew, t he b i l l specif ied t h e 11 property now occupied by t he Lnhainalun~~ ;orinsrye Alth3ugh t h i s b i l l passed the House, it died i n t h e Senate Committee on E ~ ~ l t h and ~ d u c a t i on, 11

It was Wallace Rider Farrington, ed i to r of the Honolulu S t a r -BuUec j~ and l?.ter $ e r r i t o r i a l governor, who f i n a l l y got t h e college undermy. He f i r s t asked tihe 1905 leg i s la tu re t o mzke a study of the adv isab i l i ty of a college.12

HAWAII HISTORICAL REVIBi - JULY, 1968

A s one of t h e Com~issicnnrs of Public Instruction, Farrinrton was chosen t o wr i te t h i s report.T3 51: d<rc -v.lrltecl the ?rpnm; t,ha2i, t h e r,s-.L.,e h ~ d t o be i n a r u r a l area with abundmr, a p i , - ; z l t ~ . r a1 laylds. 5 3 : ~ k ?I_ cn expl.ai?e~'. ~h ,a t , 211 ar,nicultural college pronoted i c 5 m c; . r z w s ~ ~ ~ c h m.:>er ~ l - m t i+:nnsive farnlj ?g , Tk-3 ccZese therefore a d not require -a:% 2cjaccL..t farm ~ Y : < C , CLL Ilq.c other hard9 ho '_;75cl i h a ~ )tan i so l a t ed ' posit ion i n t h e nFJsc of ctlns flc;.d;;' could not provide tke c i ' --.?' r ~ > s o c i a l and ed- ucat i onal influences of a ci ty. I ~:*riggton f e l t t h s t it was iLipor%ant f o r t he college t o have access t o the Hamii i ._&ric~l 'uural Experiment Sta t ion and other s c i e n t i f i c laboratozies i n ~onolulu .14 ( Farringtcnl s stuciy was so successful i h pading +U he way for the 1907 college b i f l t h a t t h e m ms no lc ,$s la t ive opy;ci;-~Iicn, and on March 25, 1337, Governor George Garter signed t h e b j i l establi-jhing %he College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts o f , t he Terr i tory of Havmii,

But t h e compnion measure which appropriated $25,000 fo r t h e college 1 s biennial expenses ran i n to trouble. Big Id and Senstors John T. Brawn of Iiiio, George C. Hewitt of IWohinu, and Palmer P, Xoods of Kohnls voted t o dyny t he college funds. Nonetheless, t h e b i l l passed the scnnr,e by an ll t o 3 v o t e . 1 ~ After the hmse gave i t s unanimous approval, t h i s b i l l . x.., a l so slgned i n t o law. 16

The col legels s i t e ms l e f t t o ';he board 3f regents. I n May, 1907 they chose the Highland Park res iden t ia l t r ac t , i n Maria Valley for t h e cmpus.17 However, t he regents could not g e t immediate tit3.e t o the land. fmcng other things, t he t e r r i t o r - i a l board of health had mistakenly s e t aside some land in t he middle of the campus f o r use as a cemctery.l8

Since the regents wanted t o s t a r t c lasses a s soon a s possible t.hey leased a ten.porary campus near tho^ s square .l-9 Thirteen facu l ty members 75 ' ~o l : a~~ teaching 5 s tucients on September 14, 19~18, 21 i n an old frame building which ha! formerly housed the Chinese consulate.22 I n 1912 t he college moved t o iLs pcrmnent campus.2?

Mary Alemndcr and Charlotte Dodge, hnahou, 1841-1941 (~e rke l ey , l9k l ) , pp. 137, 401.

Hami i Legislature, Senate Journal, 1901, p. 587. Hereafter SJ, with appropriate dzte.

Hawzii Legislature, How e Journal, 1901, p. 165, Hereafter HJ, with appropriate d1tc.

Senate, 1901, SB 62. Senate, 1901, Senate Report 122. SJ, 1901, p. 561.

HAWAII HISTORICAL REXIEM - JULY, 1968 464

THE E\lT) OF DIE REVIEN AND THE START OF THE JOURNATL

Richard A. Greer

With t h i s i ssue t h e -...- Hawaii His to r ica l - Hcview becomes a par t of the past it hag t r i e d t o record. K shor t farewell- i s i n o r ie r r It was i n the s m e r of 1962 t h a t lkr. Ri'chard Uillon, l i b r m i a n of ti12 S m Francisco Sutro Library (now par t of the Cali-' forc ia E:;ate Library system) c a t . t o the University of Hawaii t o teach a ccurse in the vct-iil;fng of loca l history.

Saxe 5 o r 6 of us worke?. un&v h i s tutelage, p r e p r i n g papers on various top ics of personal i n t e r e s t . Conpleterl, t h y faced extinction. What was t o become of them, o r of any other products of h i s t c r i c d import? k t the time t h e m l y possible l o c a l ou t l e t tas t h e yearly e3for t of t h e Hawaiian Histc)rical Society-and t h i s printed only s u ~ h papers a s had been read a t S9ciety meetings,

h need--although -zn mmezsured cnc--seecl.eCi t o ex i s t . Thought generated action, and t he r e s u l t w3s Vol. I, N?. 1 of the Hawaii His t7r ical Review --- -. .in October, 1962. :

The 23 i s sues t h a t followeti held t o a s high a standard a s possible, under the l imi t* a t i ons hposed by ava i lab le manus c r i p t s .

And then, of course, there wero t he mechanical factors , seemingly i r re levan t but ac tua l ly d i c t a to r i a l : qua l i ty ~f raproducticn governed by t he whims of a c r 2 W borrowed mimcograph; s i z e of i s sues determned by t he capacity of a s t sp le r . T h i s '

says nothing of t h e work involved: ed i t ing p p e r s , cut t ing and running stencils , assercbling i s sues, ~..ddre ssing and s tu f f ing envelopes. .

But it was never a b ig ope ra t iw , real ly . Vol. I, No. 1 to t a l ed ( i n 2 runs) about 100 copies; Val. 11, No. 12 about 140. The aversge pr3bahiy f e l l in t h e area of 160-175. Certainly it is t rue t h a t a coniplcte s e t of t h e HHF, i s among the r a r e r b i t s of Hnwaiima produced i n t h i s century. Excluding t h e few s e t s possessed by l i b r a r i e s , t he whole nuvber of such s e t s i n the hands of individuals can hardly ex- ceed 25 o r so (the exact nunber could be calculated by reference t o subscribers' cards). The ed i t o r has 2. Incidentally, a question of ten askcd is: A t 25$ 8 copy, clid the -- Re.riew make money? It did not; on t h e qther hand, it ne t a l l expenses (ex- eluding labs r , of course)--stenci l s , paper, envelopes, postage.

A s the recurrent chores connected with t h e HHR began t o weigh more heavily on t h e aging, win.",ei"l ed l t s r , he cas t about f o r a convenient but graceful ex i t . The one promising prospect was t he Hsvniian I i i s tor ical Society, and on Mar. 4, 1964 a l e t t e r t o Edward Joesting, then president, suggested t h a t the Society consider publishing a quar ter ly of i t s own.1

This matter the RHS t ru s t ee s considered, without acting, i n t h e i r April, 1464 meeting,2 A year l a t e r t h e same group off ereci the opinion t h a t t h e Society should concentrate on d i v e r s i f m g i t s ac t i v i t i e s , and t h e de s i r ab i l i t y of i ssuing a quarter- l y p b l i c z t i o n I t f igured in these discuss ions .~~3 Thcn i n Janw.ry, 1965, t h e ed i t o r of the --- H~twaii His to r ica l Be-riew became a HHS t ru s t ee ; the publication project, favored by h i s colleagues and by the Sacie tyls president, continued to receive at-

HiiWAII HISTCdICd, REVIBI - JULY, 1968 4.45

A t r u s t ec s f meetink m October 11 recoivc -. t h e c n n i t t c e t s recommen2?ti~ns: (1) HHS publicq.tisns sh,,ul<. be divicks i n t - 2 c?te:, , r i e s : (3) an inexpensive snnual re- port , and (b) a s e r i e s 3f papers t.3 be pblishec! yeerly-+nL tt; be llwnrthy, scholar ly p r o c u c t i ~ n s . ~ ~ M r . Gredr was t~ lx {!,ilFen a chance kc, a c t a s e d i t s r -f t h e ser ies , i f he desired. The t ru s t ee s abprovcd, ?ccaptinG in pr inciple t h e prcp:sod divisicn. Further c t u ~ y w1.s l e f t t c ; 3 subcxiilittee of tho Public-t icns Cxmit tes , 6

I n Februzry, 1967 t h e PC repmtocl a firm i a c i s i i n t; r sv i s z t h e annual repor t , s f ~ r m ' l t cn.. t s issur: h t s r a s e p r l 5 e public.:ti ,n ,f pPrs, thus brezking awsy from, the lono-s+iinc?in~ ca s t .m 2f puS2ishin6 ~ n l y p z p r s presented a t mcLtings. This wxQ.d l e t t ' i ~ e d t o r pick -nu chms;, the sme t i ~ i o Greer:s ?.ccept?nce s f thd erditorship w23 ~ ~ I I I G ~ L I ~ : ~ , and h-s presented e p g e ?f pnints for' prsliminory c m s i .orntizn.7

:a .t,her t r u s t e e s f netting 2 mmth h t e r zL;:;;?r:veJ a bsard of ~ s s i s t - n t ed i t o r s t 3 a i d i n screening mmuscripts: .'qnes Conrad, S x i e t y pro sident 2nd St ? te Archivist; Rjberk Spwks, Directa?r bf the University of Hnw-ii Press; mr? .?. G?vm Daws, as- s i s t - n t prof ess$x- ~f h i s t ;ry ?t th.7 t ins t i tu t i cn .8

On June 20, 1967 t h ~ P u b l i c l t i - n s ~sm- i tkec : infxme:! t h - t t h e new j::urnalcs eclitcrs hz.2 helm up z, pr?s+ctue. Fr ,pseci rimes f x t h i s p u b l i c - t i m were t o b e sukmi4;tec? r t the next t r u s t ~ 2 s t r:~t;c',in,,, Kemwhile, t h e pns s ib i l i t y ;f hzvins t h e C2.tn.y Fress i n Hon,: Kzn, LU th, pr int ing w?s bein, i nves t i -sted, 9

S:, it w i s t h l t -n iiu6-ust 8 Tne I I d w q L i m J l ~ u r n ? l 2f Histcry ;ct i t s t i t l e , ?nd the Cathay Press bi; W ~ S c c c p t e ~ . l u i~ialuscripts f 2 r V 8 1 . I i z n t forwlrci t o Honk K m e ;n Scl;-tcl .kr 21; 1,000 copies -1f the J m r n s l c r r i v e s Ju s t 5 mmths l a t e r . l a unexpsctsdy l w , e uern,mi let, t-I s 500-copy reprintin:,, raceived i n June, 1968.

AS t h i s is writ ten, c 3py f ?r V;1. I1 i s being 3sscliblecl with a Ju ly 1 deadline i n view. The 6021: cl istr ibuticn ?f f in ished c::pies bef?re t h e ye:?rls end.

hnd so, .r;s ths Rovicw c lcses i t s t i n y window on t h e p.?st, t he J r~urna l opens t o --" broader vistas-ind, hopefully, t o 1 lcngor l i f e ,

NOTES

Edward H, Jcest ing t o Richnrd P.. Greer, Mar. 12, 1964. h inutes -f Meetin< ?f Hsw?.iizn H i s t w i c a l S x i e t y Trustees, April 16, 1964.

Hereafter TM, with a,)pri p r ic te c ' .~te, Filed a t HHS. TPi, i=pr i l 22, 1955. lviinutes of ~ J K I U ~ ~ heetin,: nf the !-IHS, Jen, 20, 1966, Ih-iutes s f Neetin, 2f EditLr i?-1 md Public ltims C m m i t t e ~ , Oct. 6, 1966. Fi led

a t HHS. Di, Cct. 11, 1966. Rvi, Feb, 2, 1967. TN, ibiar, 2, 1967. TI;, June 20, 1967.

UWAII HISTORICAL REVIEW - JULY, 1968 g6 CONTRIBUTORS: ------- -...

~ e l e r ? ;i' - H O ~ , a I orgtime s tudent of Hawaiian h is tory , i s a successfu l author and expert o? ea-.?-~r Hci-,n?ulu.

Ted Jay 3x11 ST a;: i n s t r u ~ : t o z 'n sc?ilt- s t u d i e s a t The K??n::,?zzh-. Schools. J.R. Mi,Cx~nka-/ cf il:aZi i s a fc:v-s?' c x ' , r i b u t o r t o t h e HIL?> a p i i ; l ; c ~ t i l i t i e s

o f f i c i a l , and a Maui cea~spaper coi.mniz%. David Ki t t e l son i s l i b r a r i a n pr (2 t h e Univer* of Hawaii, H i lo Campus.