WORKSHOPManagement of recreational waters in relationship with harmful microalgae

blooms (HAB) in the Mediterranean Sea25 – 26th October 2004

Hotel Don Antonio, Peguera- Calvià, Mallorca

EVK3- 2001- 00046

HABsHABs incidents and monitoring incidents and monitoring efforts in Turkeyefforts in Turkey

Calvia, October 2004

Nihayet Bizsel and K. Can Bizsel

Dokuz Eylul University

Institute of Marine Sciences andTechnologyIzmir, Turkey

September 2002

The First Red-tide and Mass Fish Mortalities events have been reported since 1950’s

The First Record on Toxic Phtyoplankton Species was Alexandrium minutum in 1983

The BeginningThe Beginning

April 1998

focused more and more on the toxic species and HABs events, particularly towards to the end of 1980’s.In 1990’s, MARA (Directorate of Conservation and Control) has started an action plan on monitoring HABs

LaterLater

January

2003

Be Careful Against Mussels

(10 May 2000)Due to the defficiencies in controlling efforts, the mussels from Izmir Bay cause serious health problems for hundreds of people who needed medical treatments in the ERs of the hospitals

A check-list(http://bornova.ege.edu.tr/~korayt/plankweb/chklists.html)

225 species Bacillariophyceae232 species Dinophyceae

7 species Prasinophyceae7 species Cyanophyceae7species Dictyochophyceae4 species Prymnesiophyceae2 species Euglenophyceae2 species Chlorophyceae1 species Xanthophyceae1 species Ebriidea

TOTAL 488 species

TodayToday

From T Koray , 2002. Toxic and Harmful Phytoplanktonic species in the Aegean (including Dardanelles) and Northeastern Mediterranean Coastline. Workshop on Lessepsian Migration, 20-21 July 2002, Gokceada, Turkey.

Harmful micro-algae from Turkish coast (Mediterranean, Aegean and Dardanelles)

Aegean coast of TurkeyAegean coast of Turkey

Izmir Bay

Our Institute

Harbour

My Home

Figure 1. Locations of sampling stations in Izmir Bay.

Scale0 10 km

IZMIR

URLA

UzunIsland

GedizRiver

MIDDLE INNER

St.6

St.5 St.4

St.3 St.2

St.1

St.7

OUTER

Gül

bah ç

e B

ay

FOÇA

Karaburun

2824

36

38

40

St.9 St.8

26.6° 26.8° 27° 27.2°

38.4°

38.6°

St.10

Table 1. The list of the new record species during the study period 1998-1999 in Izmir Bay. TAXA Sampling Date Station # Abundance (cell/l) BACILLARIOPHYCEAE Achnanthes brevipes 2 April 1998 8 ve 9 --------- Cyclophora tenuis 2 April 1998 9 180 Cylindrotheca gracilis 2 April 1998 6 1.900 25 November 1998 3 4.000 8 January 1999 10 300 Entomoneis sulcata 2 April 1998 7 --------- Eucampia cornuta 2 April 1998 2 ve 4 1.000 (st 2) 650 (st 4) 15 April 1998 10 300 Gomphonema 15 April 1998 6 3.000 Gyrosigma fasciola 15 April 1998 1 (red tide patch) --------- Hantzschia 2 April 1998 6 4.500 25 November 1998 3 3.000 Haslea cf. wavrikae 2 April 1998 7 ve 9 40 (st 7) 150 (st 9) 15 April 1998 7 30 1 September 1998 9 250 8 January 1999 9 1.000 Rhoicosphenia curvata 2 April 1998 6 2.300 Stauropsis membranacea 2 April 1998 8 ve 9 700 (st 8) 25 November 1998 4 8.550 8 January 1999 2 ve 5 4.600 (st 2) 10.250 (st 5) DINOFLAGELLATA Alexandrium insuetum 15 April 1998 8 250 Alexandrium margalefi 15 April 1998 4, 7 ve 8 5.200 (st 4) 160 (st 7) 80 (st 8) Amphidinium crassum 15 April 1998 3,2 ve 5 ---------- Amylax buxus 2 April 1998 3 1.150 24 April 1998 2 2.100 Blepharocysta 1 September 1998 5,6,8 ve 9 450 (st 5) 50 (st 6) 300 (st 8) 450 (st 9) Dinophsis cf lenticula 15 April 1998 7 ---------- Fragilidium subglobosum 25 November 1998 5 2150 Gymnodinium cf. catenatum 1 September 1998 4 ----------

Gymnodinium cf mikimotoi 15 April 1998 5 450 1 September 1998 2,3,4,8 ve 9 4.500 (st 2) 3.500 (st 3) 5.300 (st 4) 3.500 (st 8) 1.700 (st 9) 25 November 1998 2 1.400

Table 1. continued

TAXA Sampling Date Station # Abundance (cell/l) Heterocapsa niei 2 April 1998 10 160 15 April 1998 5,7,8,9 ve 10 10.000 (st 5) 700 (st 7) 1.800 (st 8) 3.300 (st 9) 250 (st 10) 1 September 1998 2,3,4,9 ve 10 7.000 (st 2) 7.500 (st 3) 2.500 (st 4) 670 (st 9) 170 (st 10) Katodinium glaucum 2 April 1998 1 ve 3 2.300 (st 1) 4.600 (st 3) 15 April 1998 1 (red tide patch) 560 21 April 1998 2 ---------- 24 April 1998 2 3.350 1 September 1998 2,3,4 ve 5 4.550 (st 2) 11.500 (st 3) 4.700 (st 4) 3.500 (st 5) Mesopores perforatus 15 April 1998 2,7,8,9 ve 10 7.800 (st 2) 70 (st 7) 140 (st 8) 950 (st 9) 1.500 (st 10) 24 April 1998 2 1.500 1 September 1998 5,6,7,8,9 ve 10 2.000 (st 5) 50 (st 6) 300 (st 7) 550 (st 8) 1.550 (st 9) 750 (st10) 8 January 1999 9 1.000 Oblea 2 April 1998 2 ve 4 950 (st 2) 13.200 (st 4) 15 April 1998 3,4,7 ve 9 15.500 (st 3) 3.100 (st 4) 40 (st 7) 50 (st 9) 21 April 1998 2 27.000 24 April 1998 2 5.000 1 September 1998 1 4.500 25 November 1998 1,4 ve 5 4.200 (st 1) 800 (st 4) 3.000 (st 5) 8 January 1999 5 850 Oxytoxum caudatum 15 April 1998 5 ---------- 24 April 1998 2 1.500 Oxytoxum mediterraneum 2 April 1998 10 250 24 April 1998 2 1.500 1 September 1998 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 ve 10 2.300 (st 2) 7.000 (st 3) 2.500 (st 4) 700 (st 5) 250 (st 6) 200 (st 7)

300 (st 8) 150 (st 9) 650 (st 10) Oxytoxum sphaeroideum 2 April 1998 10 and 7 70 (st 7) 15 April 1998 7 100 Oxytoxum tesselatum 1 September 1998 6 ---------- Palaeophalocroma 1 September 1998 6 ---------- Pronoctiluca pelagica 1 September 1998 8 and 9 1.250 (st 8) 700 (st 9) 8 January 1999 8 350

Prorocentrum gracile 2 April 1998 3 1.250 15 April 1998 2 3.500 1 September 1998 3 30.250 Prorocentrum mexicanum 15 April 1998 2 1.300 1 September 1998 6 900

Table 1. continued TAXA Sampling Date Station # Abundance (cell/l) Protoperidinium bipes 2 April 1998 2,3,5 and 10 950 (st 2) 2.500 (st 3) 2.700 (st 5) 250 (st 10) 15 April 1998 7 and 9 600 (st 7) 50 (st 9) 24 April 1998 2 950 1 September 1998 4 and 10 800 (st 4) 80 (st 10) Protoperidinium cf excentricum 8 January 1999 3 6.500 Pyrocystis lunula 2 April 1998 8 100 15 April 1998 9 150 Pseliodinium vaubanii 2 April 1998 1,2,3,4,8 and 10 23.000 (st 1) 9.000 (st 2) 8.500 (st 3) 10 (st 8) 3.500 (st 10) 15 April 1998 1 (red tide patch), 2,4,5,7,8

and 9 36.000 (st 1) 26.000 (st 2) 12.300 (st 4) 4.200 (st 5) 8.300 (st 7) 67.000 (st 8) 350 (st 9)

24 April 1998 2 10.400 Scripsiella spinifera 15 April 1998 8 200 1 September 1998 2,4 and 5 16.000 (st 2) 9.800 (st 4) 450 (st 5) RAPHIDOPHYCEAE Heterosigma cf. akashiwo 2 April 1998 3 15.000 15 April 1998 1 (brown tidepatch) and 8 630 (st 1) 150 (st 8) 24 April 1998 2 3.500 1 September 1998 1,2,3,5,8 and 10 830 (st 1) 111.000 (st 2) 19.000 (st 3) 7.800 (st 5) 900 (st 8) 350 (st

10) 25 November 1998 1,2,3,4 and 5 31.000 (st 1) 35.000 (st 2) 5.000 (st 3) 8.500 (st 4) 35.150 (st 5) 8 January 1999 1 9.000 EBRIIDEA Hermesinium adriaticum 1 September 1998 5 and 9 3.500 (st 5) 150 (st 9) PRASINOPHYCEAE Pyramimonas longicauda 2 April 1998 1 3.800 15 April 1998 1 (brown tide patch) 630 21 April 1998 2 57.000

TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) Report on “The Iron forms and their effects on phytoplankton ecology in Izmir Bay”, 2000.

21 & 24 April 1998 Massive Fish Mortality21 & 24 April 1998 Massive Fish Mortality

Aquaculture site2000-2001

June 2003 bloom

Dinophysis at Aquaculture site(2001-2002)

• Gulbahce Bay (June 2003)

List of Causative Organisms of Red Tides Which occured in Izmir Bayin 1983, 1994 and 1998 spring period.

1983 1994 1998 Alexandrium minutum Alexandrium minutumCeratium sp. Ceratium sp. Ceratium sp.

CryptophyceaeCylindrotheca closterium Cylindrotheca closterium

Coscinosira sp.Dinophysisi rotundata

Euglena viridisEbria tripartita

Eutreptiella gymnastica Eutreptiella gymnasticaGonyaulax polyedra Gonyaulax sp.Gonyaulax spinifera

Gymnodinium cf mikimotoiGyrodinium spiraleHeterocapsa sp.Heterosigma cf akashiwoKatodinium glaucum

Lauderia sp.Mesodinium rubrum Mesodinium rubrum

Nitzschia longisimaNitzschia pungens Nitzschia pungensNoctiluca scintillans Noctiluca scintillans Noctiluca scintillans

Pleurosigma sp.Prorocentrum micans Prorocentrum sp. Prorocentrum micans

Prorocentrum minimumProrocentrum triestinum Prorocentrum triestinumProtoperidinium sp. Protoperidinium sp. Protoperidinium sp.Pyramimonas propulsum Pyramimonas sp.Scrippsiella trochoidea Scrippsiella trochoidea Scrippsiella trochoidea

Skeletonema costatumThalassiosira allenii Thalassiosira sp. Thalassiosira sp.Thalassiosira anguste-lineataThalassiosira rotula

The STRATEGY is a well planned step ahead,in Monitoring HABs in Mediterranean.

A Dbase structure is created.A Network that will feed the Dbase is

established.Ability to produce useful and exploitable

results are displayed.

The STRATEGY formed a firm and efficient basefor the targeted objectives focusing on public

health, economics and social problems that havebeen faced in Mediterranean.

And, its achievements dictate us to improve it interms of comprehensiveness and promptness so

that it will be an efficient tools enabling us tocontrol HABs events and to mitigate the relevant

adverse consequences.

Finally,On behalf of my colleaques in myinstitution and country, I would liketo express our will and enthusiastismto offer our potential contribution tothe future efforts that will improvethe STRATEGY, as those thatcreated it.

GRACIAS!

We are looking forward to your proposals.