IV. Evidences that other factors, besides environmental factor, also affects Sensation Seeking.

Environmental factors may contribute a lot for sensation seeking but behavior can also be a factor. There are several behavioral expressions of sensation seeking. Some of them being job choices, habits, hobbies, and risky behavior. The common behaviors related to sensation seeking were drug usage, alcohol usage and risky sexual behavior. Evidences show that there is an association or correlation between sensation seeking and impulsive or risky behavior. There are many behaviors focused on in the next paragraphs one of them being impulsivity and risky behavior.

Prior researches shows that impulsivity is associated with engaging in risky behavior. (Pfefferrbaum & Wood, 1994) Risky behavior is related to sensation seeking because most risky behavior involves dangerous activities. Another research says that males are more prone to risky behavior compared to women. (Stanford et al, 1996) In the journal titled Sensation Seeking, Overconfidence, and Trading activity. The author gathered data from previous data sets and used them to see if there is a correlation between impulsivity of stockbrokers and sensation seeking. The data sets used were FCSD data, which are trading records, HEX stock data, which in combination with FCSD data assess portfolio performance and measures financial wealth, and FVA driver data as to measure sensation seeking. He used driving records as to measure sensation seeking because of the risk involve and since stockbrokers value their time so they tend to disregard traffic laws. In other words, time is money for stockbrokers so they are motivated to rush and make traffic violations in order to make money.

The statistics of the study related data of trading activities and risky behavior in driving. The regression in the statistics explains and proves that stockbrokers who had significant trading activity were more engaged in risky driving behaviors. These behaviors were not complying with traffic rules and speeding. The results were that sensation seeking has significant association with trading activity or impulsive behavior.

In the journal titled Effects of Impulsive Sensation Seeking, Aggression and Risk-Taking Behaviors on the Vulnerability of Motorcyclist, is somewhat similar to the first journal in the aspect of risky behavior in driving. They gathered data from a 61-item questionnaire regarding sensation seeking, aggression, and risk-taking behavior. They made used of data relating rider behavior and amount of crash/s. The authors stated, Crash vulnerability of motorcycle is the response variable and personality traits, impulsive sensation seeking, aggression and crash risk of motorcycling. (Haque, Chin, & Lim, 2010). They used of two groups of motorcyclist the first one being the riders who already encountered a motorcycle crash and the other group being the riders who havent encountered any crashes.

The study identified two behavioral factors, them being aggression and risk-taking as a significant influences in crash involvements in motorcyclists. The results found that risk-taking behavior had a significant association with vulnerability type. They also found that impulsive sensation seeking was strongly associated with aggression and risk-taking behaviors. In other words, impulsive riders tend to be more aggressive and are more of risk-takers than riders who think before they act. The author stated, Since impulsive sensation seekers are more likely to involved in new activities and sports, it is likely that they will be more willing to accept higher risk as well as be aggressive to achieve something to meet their sensation seeking demands (Haque, Chin, & Lim, 2010).

In another journal titled Relationships among extraversion, openness to experience, and sensation seeking, they examined relationships between those three factors. Since sensation seeking is related to risky behaviors, they are also attributed to extraverted and impulsive people. They used surveys like NEO-PI-R and SSS-V (Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V). The NEO-PI-R surveyed accounted for extraversion and openness while the SSS-V understandably accounted for sensation seeking. The subjects were 1006 undergraduate non-psychology students.

The results showed that Extraversion and Openness are strongly related with sensation seeking. The authors pointed out Excitement-Seeking is also that most related scale to Sensation Seeking (Aluja, Garcia, & Garcia, 2003), They also stated High scores on this scale crave excitement and stimulation. They like bright colors and noisy environments. Excitement-Seeking is akin to some aspects of sensation seeking (Aluja, Garcia, & Garcia, 2003). The Excitement Seeking subscale was what mostly explained the relationships between Extraversion and Openness with Sensation Seeking.

Works CitedAluja, A., Garcia, O., & Garcia, L. (2003). Relationship among extraversion, openess to experience, and sensation seeking. Lleida, Catalonia, Spain: Elsvier.

Grinblatt, M., & Keloharju, M. (2004). Sensation Seeking, Overconfidence, and Trading activity. Los Angeles, California.

Haque, M., Chin, H., & Lim, B. (2010). Effects of Impulsive Sensation Seeking, Aggression and Risk-Taking Behaviors on the Vulnerability of Motorcyclist (Vol. 1). Singapore.

Roberti, J. (2004). A review of behavioral and biological correlates of sensation seeking. Sarasota, Florida.