Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

For

Physical Therapists

Lecture topics

Qualitative Research Study design in qualitative research Review methods used in qualitative

research Sampling Data collection

Qualitative Research

Qualitative research is used to gain insightinto; People's attitudes Behaviors Value systems Concerns Motivations (A driving force could be intrinsic or extrinsic)

Culture or lifestyles.

Qualitative Research

“Qualitative researchers aim to acquire an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern human behavior”.

Qualitative researchers typically rely on four methods for gathering information:

(1) Participation in the setting

(2) Direct observation

(3) In depth interviews

(4) Analysis of documents and materials

Examples

Questions such as "How many patients would consult their Physical Therapist when they have low back pain?"

(Quantitative Research) "Why do patients worry so much about

their low back pain?“

(Qualitative Research)

Study Designs in Qualitative Research

According to Cresswell(1998) there are five

major designs used in qualitative research; Biography Ethnography Phenomenology Grounded Theory Case study

Biography

Biography a Greek words bios meaning "life", and graphos meaning "write“.

An account of a person's life, usually published in the form of a book or essay, or in some other form, such as a film.

A biography presents the subject's story, highlighting various aspects of his or her life, including intimate details of experiences, and may include an analysis of the subject's personality.

Ethnography

Ethnography presents the results of a holistic research method founded on the idea that a system's properties cannot necessarily be accurately understood independently of each other.

Traces history to development Purpose to study a particular culture or group

of people to identify their daily life patterns, meaning and beliefs

Phenomenology

Understand lived experience and interpret that experience and provide information that can be shared with and used by others

phenomenology is "the reflective study of the essence of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view

Grounded Theory

a systematic qualitative research methodology in the social sciences emphasizing generation of theory from data in the process of conducting research

Researchers seek to understand and identify theoretical processes in the real world.

Case study

The case study is one of several ways of doing social science research

case study methods involve an in-depth, longitudinal examination of a single instance or event .

Case studies should not be confused with qualitative research and they can be based on any mix of quantitative and qualitative evidence

Methods In Qualitative Research

Observation Interviews Focus Groups Literature reviews

Sampling in qualitative research

Participants are selected for specific purpose

Random selection is not used No specific formula to calculate

appropriate sample size

Data collection

Clear descriptive information about the participants, study site and the researchers.

The length of time Specific methods used should be

mentioned.

Points to be Remembered

Qualitative research definition Study design for qualitative research Methodology for qualitative research The purpose of the this type of research.

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