evidence-based emergency management - part 1
TRANSCRIPT
Course website: http://www.mcgill.ca/library/library-findinfo/subjects/humanities/disaster-emergency-management
Evidence-Based Emergency Management Part 1:
Introduction to Searching the Safety Literature
Robin Featherstone, MLISLife Sciences Library
Julie Jones, MLISHumanities & Social Sciences Library
Should emergency management be evidence-based?
Agenda• Intro to EBEM• Question formation and Boolean• Intro to Safety Literature• WISER
-- 10 min BREAK –• Library catalogue• EBSCO databases• Google Scholar• Grey literature
-- 10 min BREAK --• Evaluating the evidence• Summary• Homework instructions• Hands-on searching
Evidence-Based Medicine Process
Appraising the Evidence
Incorporating evidence into decision-making
Evaluating the Process
Formulating the clinical question
Searching the Evidence
Your patient for whom you are uncertain about therapy, diagnosis, or prognosis
Evidence-Based Emergency Management Process
Evaluating the Evidence
Incorporating evidence into decision-making
Evaluating the Process
Formulating the question
Searching the Evidence
For assistance planning for, responding to, or recovering from an emergency or disaster
Workshop 1
Workshop 1
Workshop 1
Workshop 2
Workshop 2
EBEM Program Objectives
At the end of the EBEM program, you will be able to: 1.Describe the body of emergency management literature 2.Develop an effective strategy for locating and monitoring evidence-based emergency management literature3.Identify, based upon critical appraisal of research methodologies, best practices in emergency management4.Share with peers relevant evidence to inform the development, evaluation and modification of services and programs offered through University Safety
Introduction to searching the safety literature – course objectives
At the end of this course, you will be able to: 1.Differentiate between "grey literature" and indexed literature2.Name three sources to search for safety literature3.Correctly use simple Boolean operators: AND, OR4.Apply simple limits (date range, language, publication type)5.Locate books using the McGill Library catalogue6.Utilize the C.R.A.P. test to evaluate information
Formulating the Question
Case Scenario
Recently, a student committed suicide following an incident of cyber-bullying. Public opinion, as reported in the local media, suggest that the university should have intervened. An administrator asks you to develop an action plan for preventing cyber-bullying on campus.
Why do you need to formulate a question?What question(s) could you ask with the
cyber-bullying scenario?
Relevancy
Retrieval(# of search results)
Broad Questions
Narrow Questions
High = lots of articles
Low = very few articles
High = directly relevant articles
Low = mostly irrelevant articles
How questions influence search results
What are best practices for preventing cyber-bullying at a university?
What are the key concepts in this question?
What are best practices for preventing cyber-bullying at a university?
Developing a Search Strategy
university university
preventprevent
cyber-bullyingcyber-
bullying
University Cyber-
bullying
university OR cyber-bullying
university
cyber-bullying
University Campus AND Cyber-bullying
university university
preventprevent
cyber-bullyingcyber-
bullying
How do you combine these three concepts in a search to answer the question: what are best practices for preventing cyber-bullying on a university campus?
university AND cyber-bullying AND prevent
university university
preventprevent
cyber-bullying
What if I combined with OR?
university OR cyber-bullying OR prevent
AND AND
OR universit* cyber-bull* prevent*
OR social media bull* mitigat*
Concept #1 Concept #2 Concept #3
Search strategy: What are best practices for preventing cyber-bullying on a university
campus?
How to search
• Start with your first conceptuniversit*
• Combine any synonyms with ORuniversit* OR college*
• Repeat for your second, third, and subsequent conceptscyber-bull* OR “computer crime*”
prevent* OR mitigat*
• Finally, combine large search results sets with AND(universit* OR college*) AND (cyber-bull* OR “computer crime”)
AND (prevent* OR mitigat*)
Introduction to the Safety Literature
Filtered Information•Synthesized guidelines•Systematic reviews
Scholarly Literature•“Peer-reviewed” journal articles•Indexed articles and books
“Grey Literature”•Organizational reports•Training and workshop materials•Conference proceedings•Blog entries
Other Indexed Publications•News articles•Trade magazine articles
WISER
http://wiser.nlm.nih.gov
•For HazMat (hazardous materials) / CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) events
•Designed for: First responders (fire fighters), HazMat teams, EMS/Paramedics, Emergency Department personnel
•Web-based or downloadable app
WISER
Includes:• Substance characteristics/properties• Department of Transportation (DOT)
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) data: Fire-fighting procedures, safe protective distance, etc.
• Human health/medical treatment data
Features/Capabilities• Chemical identification support – via
chemical properties, signs/symptoms, transportation, etc.
• Safe protective distance mapping – GIS
WISER Exercise1. Search WISER http://wiser.nlm.nih.gov/ to
answer the question:
What type of personal protective equipment (PPE) & protective distance is required for a large spill of xylenes?
Break – 10 Mins
Can you find this book in the Library Catalogue?
Coombs, W. T. (2007). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
How are these different?
“Peer-review”?
Searching indexed literature
• Sample search in in Academic Search Complete:
What are emerging trends in communication strategies during campus emergencies?
Academic Search Complete Exercise• Search Academic Search Complete for
information to assist you in answering this question:
What are current best practices for preventing sexual assaults on campus?
Email at least one relevant article to yourself.
Not finding enough information in your chosen database?
• Try other keywords and synonyms – the research process is iterative.
• Try another database or source.• These searching skills are transferable – you
will use versions of them everywhere that you search.
Searching Google Scholar
Searching Google Scholar
Google Scholar exercise
• Search Google Scholar for information to assist you in answering this question:
What are some of the limitations and concerns with current Mass Notification Systems?
Choose one pertinent article that you want to read. Can you access the full-text? Has it been cited by other articles?
“Grey Literature”
"Information produced on all levels of government, academics, business, and industry in electronic and print formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishing, i.e. where publishing is not the primary activity of the producing body."
http://www.greynet.org/greynethome.html
Grey literature
• Reports, working papers, cases studies, etc. produced by institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, and research groups.
• Grey literature is often produced by people “on the ground” or “in the field”.
Grey literature
• More of the emergency management information will be found in the grey literature than in indexed, academic sources.
• Important to use a combination of source types so you have a full picture of the best available evidence.
Searching for Grey literature
• Google• IGO Search• Carleton University’s Canadian Government
Publications Search• NLM’s Resource Guide for Disaster Medicine
and Public Health• Professional association, organization,
research centre, government websites
Grey literature exercise
• Search the Resource Guide for Disaster Medicine and Public Health and another Grey Literature source of your choice for information to assist you in answering this question:
What are best practices for dealing with a flood on a university campus?
Break – 10 Mins
How do you decide whether or not to use the evidence you’ve found?
Is it C.R.A.P.?
Currency
Reliability
Authority
Purpose / Point of view
How recent is the information?How recently has the website been updated?Is it current enough for your topic? What kind of information is included?Is content of the resource primarily opinion?Is it balanced?Does the creator provide references?
Who is the author?What are their credentials?Who is the publisher or sponsor?Are they reputable?What is the publisher’s interest?Are there advertisements?
Is this fact or opinion?Is the author trying to sell you something?Is it biased?
1. http://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/campus-communications-1
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631455/?tool=pubmed
3. http://campus-safety.blogspot.ca/2010/01/how-much-is-enough-to-spend-on-mass.html
Is it C.R.A.P.?
Summary
1. Where would you look to find a government report?
2. What are three sources you can search for safety literature?
3. How do you combine synonymous search concepts?4. How do you reduce the number of search results? 5. Where would you look to find a book on pre-crisis
planning?6. What does C.R.A.P. stand for?
Homework
• Formulate a question related to your work• Search the evidence to find one
article/report/website/etc. that best answers your question
• Evaluate the evidence using the C.R.A.P. test• Prepare a 5 minute presentation for next
Thursday– What did you pick? Who wrote it? What did you learn from it?
What is its C.R.A.P score? How will it influence your work at McGill?
Questions & Practice