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Bvbry _ojiil Cf Coobsse`lb _ojiil9

^ripbrty ^reobs cfh ^reirety Chaesseif ti _efdcpirb―s

^reacry _ojiils

û Lecfd, Hbbpcm Tcrrebr

C`strcot

Xjes pcpbr efvbstedctbs tjb bxtbft ti wjeoj tjb usb ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob cs c oretbrec gir

preacry sojiil chaesseif clliws efbqucletebs ig wbcltj cfh efoiab ti `b trcfsaettbh coriss

dbfbrcteifs ef _efdcpirb. Et cpplebs olustbr cfclyses ti c hctcsbt tjct acps tjb rblctevb rcfmefd ig

bcoj sojiil ti tjb preobs ig pripbrty ef c ifb-meliabtbr rcheus criufh et. Et tjbf gefhs tjct tjb

`bst-rcfmbh cfh aist-pipulcr sojiils crb oifobftrctbh ef tjb aist bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs. Ct

tjbsb sojiils, c sedfegeocft fua`br ig plcobs crb clrbchy tcmbf up `y cppleocfts wetj oiffboteifs

ti tjb sojiil= oiapbteteif gir tjb rbacefefd plcobs es eftbfsb cfh jiab-sojiil hestcfob es oreteocl

ti stcfh diih ojcfobs ig chaesseif. Xjus, tjb liocteif ig bletb sojiils ef bxpbfsevb

fbedjìrjiihs tbfhs ti gcvir cppleocfts wetj wbcltjy ir wbll-oiffbotbh pcrbfts. Et tjbf

oifsehbrs tjb eapleocteifs ig tjbsb gefhefds gir abretiorcoy ef _efdcpirb, cfh hesoussbs pileoy

ipteifs ti aetedctb tjb trcfsaesseif ig efbqucletebs coriss dbfbrcteifs ef tjes acffbr.



0

3 Eftrihuoteif

“'Ct tjb preacry stcdb, tjb ojieob es fit achb ef c ufegira wcy. Uiu jcvb c `ritjbr tjbrb ir

sestbr tjbrb, yiur gctjbr ir aitjbr es cf cluafus, cfh si if… _i et' s fit abr etiorcteo= et' s csbhif tjb sioecl olcss ig yiur pcrbfts , wjbtjbr tjby wbft efti `bttbr sojiils.

…

Xjb eapirtcft tjefd es tjct ct ^reacry 7, tjbrb sjiulh `b c sirtefd iut. Cfh tjisb wji aessbh

diefd ti tjb diih (preacry) sojiils sjiulh dbt efti `bttbr sboifhcry sojiils. … Xjct―s wjct

wb―rb ceaefd ti hi; Pbdcrhlbss ig wji yiur gctjbr ir aitjbr wcs ir es, wb di `y yiur

pbrgiracfob‑

- Lbb Mucf Ubw, 0>3> (Bapjcses chhbh)3

Xjes pcpbr stbas gria twi cfbohitcl i`sbrvcteifs. Gerstly, _efdcpirb's `bst preacry sojiils tbfh

ti `b lioctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs. _boifhly, tjb preab, hiwftiwf liocteifs ig tjbsb

fbedjìrjiihs pri`c`ly abcfs tjct tjby wiulh stell `b bxpbfsevb bvbf eg tjb preacry sojiils

wbrb rblioctbh blsbwjbrb= ef itjbr wirhs, prixeaety ti diih sojiils hibs fit sedfegeocftly

eforbcsb pripbrty preobs. Gir efstcfob, tjb upsoclb @umet Xeacj fbedjìrjiih, lioctbh wetjef

aefutbs gria tjb Obftrcl @usefbss Hestreot cfh jiab ti tjb trbfhy Jillcfh Wellcdb crbc, es clsi

jiab ti sex fiaefclly 'bletb' sojiils; Fcfycfd ^reacry, Jbfry ^crm ^reacry, Cfdli-Ojefbsb

_ojiil (^reacry), Abtjihest Derls' _ojiil (^reacry), _efdcpirb Ojefbsb Derls― _ojiil (^reacry)

cfh Pcgglbs Derls' ^reacry _ojiil.

_efdcpirb's Aefestry ig Bhuocteif (AIB) acfhctbs tjct cll preacry sojiils devb preirety ti

cppleocfts wji rbsehb wetjef ifb meliabtbr ig tjb sojiil sjb cpplebs ti. Xjes pcpbr gefhs tjct

tjbsb twi cfbohitcl i`sbrvcteifs crb bapereoclly cfh hbaifstrc`ly trub. Et crdubs tjct, sefob tjct

es tjb ocsb, tjb oiaèfcteif ig tjb jiab-sojiil hestcfob rulb cfh tjb jedj pripbrty preobs fbcr

3 (_trcets Xeabs, 0>3>)



?

tjb `bst preacry sojiils brbots c `crrebr ti bftry ti suoj sojiils gir ojelhrbf ìrf ti piirbr

gcaelebs. Oifvbrsbly, ojelhrbf ìrf ti wbcltjebr gcaelebs crb airb lembly ti suoobssgully dcef

chaesseif ti tjb `bst sojiils.

Xjb prbsbfob ig suoj c `crrebr ti bftry sjiulh `b ig oifobrf ti pileoyacmbrs `bocusb et es

gufhcabftclly ufabretiorcteo. Xjes es pri`lbacteo gir tjrbb rbcsifs. Gerstly, _efdcpirb―s

pileoyacmbrs jcvb bfsjrefbh abretiorcoy cs c oirb tbfbt ig divbrfcfob, fit kust `bocusb et es gcer

ùt clsi lbchs ti tjb aist bggeoebft clliocteif ig tclbft; “Xjb abretiorcoy prefoeplb ‟ tjct wb try

ti bquclezb ippirtufetebs fit iutoiabs, cfh tjct wb cllioctb rbwcrhs if tjb `cses ig cf

efhevehucl―s abret ir jes cèletebs cfh cojebvbabfts ‟ es cs olisb cs cfytjefd dbts ti `befd c

fcteifcl ehbilidy‑ (Liw, 0>3?). Jiwbvbr, tjb stctus qui es lembly ti prihuob iutoiabs tjct crb

fit ifly ufgcer ùt clsi efbggeoebft; tclbftbh efhevehucls ìrf ef ufhbrprevelbdbh oerouastcfobsacy fit dbt tjb ippirtufety ti gulgel tjber pitbftecl, c list ippirtufety fit kust gir boifiaeo

prihuotevety ùt clsi gir tjbsb efhevehucls. _efdcpirb's socroety ig fcturcl rbsiurobs, igtbf oetbh

cs c kustegeocteif gir abretiorcoy (Liw, 0>3?), caplegebs tjb sedfegeocfob ig tjes wcstcdb.

_boifhly, tjb stctus qui efseheiusly trcfsaets efbqucletebs ig efoiab cfh wbcltj coriss

dbfbrcteifs. Eg wbcltjy stuhbfts jcvb c `bttbr ojcfob ig cttbfhefd c diih preacry sojiil, tjbf

tjby crb clsi airb lembly ti hi `bttbr ef sojiil cfh bvbftuclly bcrf jedjbr wcdbs0. Ef tjes

acffbr, tjb stctus qui brbots cf i`stcolb ti bquclety ig ippirtufety cfh sioecl aièlety (Xcf M.^., 0>>:). Ef c oiuftry wjbrb efoiab efbquclety es rblctevbly jedj cfh jcs `bbf resefd

(@jcsmcrcf, bt cl., 0>30), prbvbftefd tjb trcfsaesseif ig tjbsb bqucletebs coriss dbfbrcteifs es c

sedfegeocft lifd-tbra pileoy eapbrctevb (_trcets Xeabs, 0>38).

Xjerh, tjb jedj-stcmbs fcturb ig _efdcpirb's bhuocteif systba es lembly ti acdfegy tjes ufbqucl

hestreùteif ig ippirtufety. Xjb eftbfsevb hbdrbb ig trcomefd (itjbrwesb mfiwf cs strbcaefd) `y

cèlety lbvbls tjriudjiut sojiil es lembly ti gex tjb herboteif (suoobss ir gcelurb) cfh caplegy tjb

acdfetuhb ig c devbf stuhbft―s pbrgiracfob ivbr teab (Pisbf`cua, 3547)= bcrly suoobss ef preacry sojiil es lembly ti hespripirteifctbly eaprivb lctbr bhuocteifcl iutoiabs. @bocusb

0 Xjb bxtbft ti wjeoj tjes es cotuclly tjb ocsb es hesoussbh ef sboteif 3.0.



8

preacry sojiils vcry ef tjber cèlety ti prbpcrb stuhbfts gir bxcaefcteifs? tjct sirt stuhbfts `y

cèlety lbvbl ti bfc`lb suoj trcomefd, stuhbfts wji crb chaettbh ti jedjbr-quclety preacry sojiils

crb lembly ti jcvb cf caplegebh ojcfob ig pbrgiraefd wbll ct tjbsb bxcaefcteifs, cfh ef turf cf

caplegebh ojcfob ig coobss ti tjb `bst sboifhcry sojiils, tbrtecry efstetuteifs cfh bapliyabftippirtufetebs (Cltifke & Huff, 3557).

Xjes pcpbr tbsts tjb jypitjbses tjct tjb oiaèfcteif ig tjb jiab-sojiil hestcfob rulb cfh tjb

dbidrcpjeocl hestreùteif ig diih preacry sojiils coriss _efdcpirb orbctbs c `crrebr ti bftry gir

ojelhrbf ìrf ti piirbr gcaelebs. Et gefhs tjct tjes `crrebr ti bftry bxests; `bttbr sojiils tbfh ti `b

oifobftrctbh ef airb bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs. Bssbfteclly, pcrbfts ig prispbotevb cppleocfts ct

bletb sojiils fbbh ti iwf pripbrty tjct es sedfegeocftly airb bxpbfsevb tjcf cvbrcdb ef irhbr ti

stcfh c diih ojcfob ig chaesseif ‟ tjes rbprbsbfts cf efherbot oist ig chaesseif tjct oifstetutbstjb `crrebr ti sioecl aièlety. Bssbfteclly, usefd jiab-sojiil hestcfob cs c oretbrec gir chaesseif

rbfhbrs tjb bhuocteif systba―s iutoiabs lbss tjcf bquetc`lb, wjelb istbfse`ly cttbaptefd ti

ipteaezb gir itjbr bfhs suoj cs pcrbftcl eftbrbsts cfh oifvbfebfob.

3.3 @comdriufh ti tjb stctus qui

@bgirb tjes pcpbr hblvbs efti ets abtjihilidy cfh gefhefds, et bxplcefs jbrb gir tjb fif-

_efdcpirbcf rbchbr siab ig tjb tbraefilidy cfh pileoy oiftbxts spboegeo ti _efdcpirb. Et `rebgly

hbsore`bs tjrbb cspbots ig tjb stctus qui; tjb bhuocteif systba ef dbfbrcl, tjb stcfhcrhezbh

systba ig cllioctefd plcobs ct preacry sojiils, cfh tjb jiusefd lcfhsocpb.

3.3.3 @comdriufh ti _efdcpirb―s bhuocteif systba8

? _bb sboteif 3.3.33 gir cf bxplcfcteif ig _efdcpirb―s bhuocteif systba cfh c hesousseif ig wjy preacry sojiils crblembly ti vcry ef quclety.8 Gir iggeoecl bxplcfcteifs gria tjb AIB, sbb jttp;//www.aib.div.sd/bhuocteif/lcfhsocpb/ cfhjttp;//www.aib.div.sd/bhuocteif/chaesseifs/.

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2

_efdcpirbcf stuhbfts di tjriudj sex oiapulsiry ybcrs ig preacry sojiil, giur ir gevb ybcrs ig

sboifhcry sojiil, cfh tjbf aivb if ti sbvbrcl pisse`lb bhuocteifcl bfhpiefts; viocteifcl

efstetutbs, hepliac-cwcrhefd pilytbojfeos, prb-ufevbrsety ‚kufeir oillbdbs― cfh/ir ufevbrsetebs.

Xjb bhuocteif systba, cs fitbh ef sboteif 3.>, bxtbfsevbly usbs trcomefd (airb oiaaifly mfiwfef _efdcpirb cs strbcaefd) ef irhbr ti ipteaezb tbcojefd rbsiurobs cfh ourreoulc ti stuhbft

cèletebs, cfh ti sirt stuhbfts `y cèlety caifd tjbsb bfhpiefts. Ct tjb bfhs ig preacry cfh

sboifhcry sojiils, stuhbfts set gir stcfhcrhezbh bxcaefcteifs wjisb rbsults crb usbh ti ocrry iut

tjes sirtefd cfh clliocteif.

Xjes systba es gcerly stcfhcrhezbh coriss sojiils, bspboeclly ct tjb preacry sojiil lbvbl; cll

sojiils gilliw c stcfhcrhezbh ourreoulua gexbh `y tjb AIB, cll tbcojbrs crb obftrclly trcefbh cfh

bapliybh `y tjb AIB, sojiils gbbs crb stcfhcrhezbh

2

, cfh tjb ourreoulua es hbsedfbh ti prbpcrbstuhbfts gir tjb stcfhcrhezbh ^reacry _ojiil Lbcvefd Bxcaefcteif (^_LB) ct tjb bfh ig tjb sex

ybcrs ig preacry sojiilefd. Xjb rbsults ig tjb ^_LB crb tjbf usbh gir c obftrclezbh clliocteif ig

stuhbfts ti sboifhcry sojiils; stuhbfts wetj tjb `bst ^_LB soirbs dbt efti tjb aist siudjt-cgtbr

sboifhcry sojiils. Xjb `bst pbrgirabrs ct tjb bfh ig sboifhcry sojiil crb chaettbh ti tjb aist

siudjt-cgtbr kufeir oillbdbs, cfh si if ti tjb aist oiapbtetevb oiursbs ef tjb `bst ufevbrsetebs.

Chaettbhly, tjb jedj lbvbl ig stcfhcrhezcteif, obftrclezcteif, cfh oiftril `y tjb AIB rbfhbrs tjb

systba acrmbhly airb bdcletcrecf tjcf tjb bhuocteif systbas ig acfy itjbr oiuftrebs. Xi c lcrdbbxtbft, tjb obftrclezbh fcturb ig tjb ourreoulc cfh bxcaefcteifs bcsb sioecl aièlety. Fitc`ly,

tjbrb crb fi prevctb sojiils7 tjct herbotly clliw wbcltjy pcrbfts ti purojcsb jedj-quclety

bhuocteifs gir tjber ojelhrbf. Xjes pcpbr crdubs tjct tjb liocteif ig tjb `bst sojiils ef bxpbfsevb

fbedjìrjiihs efherbotly clliws wbcltjy pcrbfts ti hi si.

2 ^reacry sojiils crb grbb gir _efdcpirbcf oetezbfs, cfh fiaefcl gir itjbrs.7 Xjbrb es c sacll fua`br ig eftbrfcteifcl sojiils wjeoj crb prevctbly ruf, crb fit su`kbot ti tjb AIB―s stcfhcrhezbh

rulbs, cfh ojcrdb rblctevbly jedj gbbs, ùt _efdcpirbcfs crb dbfbrclly fit clliwbh ti cttbfh tjba ef lebu igoiapulsiry preacry bhuocteif. Jiabsojiilefd es clsi ifly rcrbly clliwbh.



7

3.3.0 @comdriufh ti tjb ^reacry Ifb Pbdestrcteif Bxbroesb4

Ef tjb stctus qui, _efdcpirb―s Aefestry ig Bhuocteif (AIB) cllioctbs plcobs ct preacry sojiils

gilliwefd rulbs oifsestbftly cpplebh coriss cll sojiils, hurefd ets cffucl ^reacry Ifb

Pbdestrcteif Bxbroesb. ^crbfts ig sex-ybcr-ilh ojelhrbf su`aet cf cppleocteif ti ifb hbserbh

preacry sojiil. Eg tjb fua`br ig cppleocteifs ti cfy sojiil bxobbhs tjb cvcelc`lb fua`br ig

plcobs tjbrb, tjb sojiil es acfhctbh `y tjb AIB ti gilliw c stcfhcrhezbh aulte-pjcsb

chaesseifs priobss, wjeoj devbs preirety ti obrtcef eftbrbst driups, tjbf ti _efdcpirb oetezbfs

ivbr girbedfbrs, cfh gefclly ti cppleocfts rbsehefd olisbst ti tjb sojiil ocapus.

Ef wjct es mfiwf cs ^jcsb 3, cppleocfts wetj se`lefds wji crb stuhyefd ef tjb hbserbh preacry

sojiil ct tjb pieft ig cppleocteif crb cutiacteoclly chaettbh. Xjb rbacefefd sbcts crb trcfsgbrrbh

ti ^jcsb 0C3, ef wjeoj ojelhrbf ig cluafe cfh ig acfcdbabft crb chaettbh. Xjb sbcts rbacefefd

cgtbr ^jcsb 0C3 crb trcfsgbrrbh ti ^jcsb 0C0, ef wjeoj ojelhrbf ig stcgg aba`brs cfh se`lefds ig

cluafe crb chaettbh. C aefeaua ig twbfty plcobs, ef chheteif ti jclg ig tjb plcobs rbacefefd

cgtbr ^jcsb 0C0, crb cllioctbh ti ^jcsb 0@, ef wjeoj chaesseif es devbf ti ojelhrbf ig sojiil

viluftbbrs, ‚cotevb oiaaufety lbchbrs―, cfh aba`brs ig ojurojbs cfh Ojefbsb olcfs cggelectbh ti

tjb sojiil. Xjb scab fua`br ig plcobs es cllioctbh ti ^jcsb 0O, ef wjeoj cppleocfts wji hi fit

gcll efti cfy ig tjb preirety driups crb chaettbh. ^jcsb 0O _upplbabftcry cfh ^jcsb ? crb

bssbfteclly rbpbcts ig ^jcsb 0O.

Tetjef bcoj ig tjbsb pjcsbs, eg tjb fua`br ig cppleocfts bxobbhs tjb cvcelc`lb fua`br ig plcobs,

cll _efdcpirb Oetezbfs (_Os) wji rbsehb wetjef 3 meliabtbr ig tjb sojiil crb chaettbh, cgtbr

wjeoj cll _Os wji rbsehb `btwbbf 3 cfh 0 meliabtbrs ig tjb sojiil crb chaettbh, cfh gefclly cll

_efdcpirbcfs wji rbsehb airb tjcf 0 meliabtbrs cwcy gria tjb sojiil crb chaettbh. Cgtbr cll

_efdcpirbcfs jcvb `bbf chaettbh, ^bracfbft Pbsehbfts cfh tjbf girbedfbrs crb devbf chaesseif,

wetj preirety devbf ti jiab-sojiil hestcfob ef tjb scab acffbr cfh irhbr.

4 Gir cf iggeoecl bxplcfcteif, sbb jttp;//www.aib.div.sd/bhuocteif/chaesseifs/preacry-ifb-rbdestrcteif/pjcsbs/ cfhjttp;//www.aib.div.sd/bhuocteif/chaesseifs/preacry-ifb-rbdestrcteif/clliocteif/.

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4

Eg, ct cfy pieft ef tjes priobss, cppleocfts stell iutfua`br rbacefefd plcobs cgtbr hesoreaefcteif

`y oetezbfsjep stctus cfh jiab-sojiil hestcfob, tjbf plcobs crb cllioctbh rcfhialy tjriudj

`cllitefd. Gir efstcfob, cssuab ?> plcobs crb lbgt gir ^jcsb 0O ct c obrtcef sojiil, cfh 3> ig tjba

crb tcmbf up `y _Os wji rbsehb wetjef ifb meliabtbr ig tjb sojiil. Eg tjbrb crb 2> _O cppleocftswji rbsehb `btwbbf 3 cfh 0 meliabtbrs ig tjb sojiil, tjbf tjb 0> rbacefefd plcobs ct tjb sojiil

well `b gellbh `y 0> ig tjbsb 2> _Os rcfhialy ojisbf tjriudj `cllitefd.

Cs suoj, jiab-sojiil hestcfob cppbcrs ti jcvb ifly tbrtecry sedfegeocfob cs c gcotir ef dcefefd

chaesseif ti c devbf preacry sojiil, cs et es oifsehbrbh ifly cgtbr aba`brsjep ef preirety driups

cfh oetezbfsjep; tjes essub es hesoussbh ef sboteif 7.22.

3.3.? @comdriufh ti _efdcpirb―s Jiusefd ^ileoy

Cs ig 0>38, :0% ig _efdcpirbcfs levb ef cpcrtabfts hbvblipbh `y tjb Jiusefd Hbvblipabft

@icrh (JH@), c divbrfabft cdbfoy tjct hbvblips cggirhc`lb, su`sehezbh pripbrty. 30% ig

_efdcpirbcfs ocf cggirh ti levb ef oifhiaefeua cpcrtabfts wjeoj iggbr cabfetebs tjct JH@

cpcrtabfts lcom, suoj cs sbourety, sweaaefd piils cfh dyas. Gefclly, tjb wbcltjebst 7% ig

_efdcpirbcfs ocf cggirh ti levb ef ‚lcfhbh― ir ‚prevctb― pripbrty; liw-resb, grbb-stcfhefd, sefdlb-

gcaely ir sbae-hbtcojbh jiusbs tjct crb bspboeclly bxpbfsevb ef lcfh-socrob _efdcpirb.

(_efdcpirb Hbpcrtabft ig _tctesteos, 0>38)



:

3.0 Jiw auoj hibs yiur preacry sojiil rbclly acttbr9

Obftrcl ti tjb crduabfts ef tjes pcpbr es tjb prbaesb tjct preacry sojiil ojieob jcs siab

cpprboec`lb eapcot if bvbftucl iutoiabs ‟ tjct c _efdcpirbcf―s cochbaeo pbrgiracfob,

bapliycèlety, wcdbs, cfh itjbr legb iutoiabs crb efglubfobh `y tjb preacry sojiil jb wbft ti.

Jbrb, tjb bxtbft ti wjeoj tjes aedjt `b tjb ocsb es hesoussbh.

Et es, ig oiursb, heggeoult ti hbtbraefb jiw gcr tjes es trub. Ef pu`leo pbrobpteif, tjct preacry

sojiil ojieob cggbots bhuocteifcl iutoiabs es crduc`ly siabtjefd ig c truesa. Xjb wb`setb

mecsupcrbfts.oia, c pirtcl cfh girua gir ‚mecsu―: pcrbfts ig yiufd ojelhrbf ti hesouss tjber

oifobrfs cìut tjber ojelhrbf―s bhuocteif, hbvitbs su`stcftecl spcob ti cfclyzefd tjb cffucl

iutoiabs ig tjb ^reacry Ifb Pbdestrcteif Bxbroesb. ûrojcsefd pripbrty fbcr prbstedeius

sojiils cfh viluftbbrefd ef suoj sojiils (ti quclegy gir chaesseif ef ^jcsb 0@), igtbf ybcrs

`bgirb c ojelh es ilh bfiudj gir preacry sojiil, es cf cfbohitclly wehbsprbch prcoteob (Hcveb,

0>38). _bpcrctbly, ef 0>3?, tjbrb wcs c ocsb ig c pcrbft wji “lebh cìut wjbrb jb levbh ti dbt jes

hcudjtbr bfrillbh ef c prbstedeius preacry sojiil‑ (_trcets Xeabs, 0>32) cfh wcs su`sbqubftly

sbftbfobh ti twi wbbms― kcel. Xjbsb trbfhs rbvbcl c “survevcl ig tjb gettbst‑ abftclety (Mjifd,

0>>8) caifd pcrbfts wjbf et oiabs ti preacry sojiil chaesseifs; eg tjby crb spbfhefd

su`stcftecl caiufts ig aifby, teab, cfh bggirt (cfh bvbf efourrefd lbdcl lecèlety) ti sbourb

plcobs ct tjb `bst preacry sojiils, tjbf, ef tjber pbrobpteifs, plcobs ct tjb `bst preacry sojiilsaust `b jedjly vcluc`lb, socrob, cfh oiftbstbh rbsiurobs.

@y vertub ig tjb strbfdtj ig tjbsb pbrobpteifs clifb, stuhbfts ct fif-bletb sojiils acy plcuse`ly

`b lbss aitevctbh cfh abbt wetj piirbr cochbaeo cochbaeo iutoiabs; stuhbft pbrgiracfob es

pcrteoulcrly susobpte`lb ti tjb lc`bls cttcojbh ti stuhbfts, c rblcteifsjep Pisbftjcl & Kcoi`sif

(357:) tbrabh tjb ^ydacleif bggbot. Xjus, tjb ‚bletb― cfh ‚fbedjìrjiih― heojitiay acy `b

sblg-gulgellefd, ti c sacll bxtbft. Fbvbrtjblbss, tjb cfbohitcl bvehbfob hibs fit rbvbcl jiw trub

tjbsb pbrobpteifs crb, cfh wjct pripirteif ig pcrbfts cotuclly jilh suoj pbrobpteifs. Ehbclly, wbwiulh oillbot lifdetuhefcl hctc if ^_LB soirbs, ‚I―-lbvbl rbsults, tbrtecry drchucteif rctbs, cfh

: 'Mecsu' es c oilliquecl Jimmebf tbra tjct abcfs 'cgrceh ig lisefd'.



5

efoiab ig c scaplb ig efhevehucls, cfh tbst wjbtjbr tjb preacry sojiil tjct tjby cttbfhbh jch

cfy stctesteocl eapcot if tjbsb iutoiabs. Xjiudj tjes olcea jcs fit ybt `bbf bapereoclly tbstbh ef

tjb c`sbfob ig pu`leoly-cvcelc`lb hctc gir _efdcpirb, tjbrb es c tjbirbteocl grcabwirm gir crduefd

tjct preacry sojiil ojieob ef _efdcpirb es lembly ti efglubfob tjbsb iutoiabs. Cltifke & Huff(3557) hrcw gria c lcrdb lifdetuhefcl hctcsbt ti oiapcrb tjb wcdbs ig chult se`lefds wji

cttbfhbh heggbrbft sojiils, tjbrb`y “bsteactefd tjb bggbots ig sojiil efputs if wcdbs‑. Ef tjes

acffbr, tjby oiftril gir tjb pisseèlety tjct wcdbs acy `b efglubfobh `y gcaely gcotirs rctjbr

tjcf sojiil quclety. Xjby gefh tjct sojiil quclety, tbcojbr sclcry, cfh bxpbfheturb-pbr-stuhbft

jcvb “c su`stcftecl pisetevb rblcteifsjep‑ wetj wcdbs.

Xi `b surb, _efdcpirb―s bxestefd bhuocteif systba es struoturbh ef c lcrdbly bdcletcrecf acffbr;

ef lefb wetj tjb ^C^ divbrfabft―s abretiorcteo tbfbts, rbsiurobs crb hestreùtbh siabwjctbquclly, auoj uflemb tjb sojiils ef Cltifke & Huff―s hctcsbt. Obftrcl oiftril `y tjb AIB

abcfs tjct preacry sojiils crb lcrdbly stcfhcrhezbh ef tbras ig ourreoulc, tbcojbrs― quclety cfh

trcefefd, tbcojbrs― sclcrebs, cfh gcoeletebs. Fbvbrtjblbss, tjbrb crb tjrbb oifsehbrc`lb lbcmcdbs ti

tjb istbfse`ly bdcletcrecf, abretiorcteo systba.

Gerstly, siab systbaeo lbcmcdbs if tjb pbrepjbry ig tjb abretiorcteo struoturb clliw chheteifcl

rbsiurobs ti coouaulctb ti bletb sojiils. Bxpbfheturb pbr stuhbft acy `b jedjbr ct bletb sojiils;

sojiils if tjb _pboecl Cssestcfob ^lcf (_C^) crb devbf chheteifcl rbsiurobs (Dipefctjcf, 0>3?),cs crb sojiils ruffefd tjb Degtbh Bhuocteif ^ridrcaab (sbb sboteif 7.0). Oruoeclly, sojiils wetj

strifd cluafe cfh oiaaufety rblcteifsjeps `bfbget eaabfsbly gria hifcteifs (Airteairb, bt cl.,

0>>>).

Cs suoj, jestireoclly wbll-bstc`lesjbh, bletb sojiils crb lembly ti `b prbhespisbh ti coouaulctefd

pbhcdideo ocpetcl (_blvcrck, 0>33), ef tbras ig `bttbr acfcdbabft, irdcfezcteifcl prcoteobs,

gcoeletebs, bxtrcourreoulcr bfreojabft ippirtufetebs, tbcojefd, cfh cluafe/oiaaufety suppirt, cs

oiapcrbh ti ‚fbedjìrjiih― sojiils. @y AIB―s iwf chaesseif, “gir sojiils ti tjrevb, mbystcmbjilhbrs suoj cs girabr stuhbfts, aba`brs ig tjb sojiil chvesiry oiaaettbbs cfh pcrbft

viluftbbrs, crb oreteocl cs tjby jblp ùelh up cfh strbfdtjbf tjb sojiil―s trcheteif cfh btjis, cfh

suppirt ets stuhbfts‑ (Lea, 0>>5) ‟ oifvbrsbly, ‚fbedjìurjiih― sojiils wetjiut tjb `rcfh-

fcabs, sojiil speret, cfh cluafe `csb ti cttrcot suoj stcmbjilhbr suppirt acy fit `b c`lb ti

tjrevb.



3>

_boifhly, pri`lbas ef tjb eaplbabftcteif ig tjb abretiorcteo hbsedf lbch ti lbcmcdbs.

Xbojfeoclly, tjbrb crb Lbcrfefd _uppirt ^ridrcaabs ct cll sojiils ti cssest stuhbfts wetjiut

prbsojiil bhuocteifs (Gu, 0>>5) cfh _tuhbft Ocrb Obftrbs ct “sbvbrcl‑ sojiils “ti octbr ti pupels

wji jcvb fi chult supbrveseif ct jiab‑ (Mjifd, 0>>8). Ef rbclety, jiwbvbr, eg siab sojiils dbtc hespripirteifctb sjcrb ig stuhbfts gria ufhbrprevelbdbh `comdriufhs, tjbf rbsiurobs gir tjbsb

pridrcaabs crb lembly ti `b strbtojbh. Xjes acy bspboeclly `b tjb ocsb gir ufpipulcr sojiils

(sbb sboteif 7.7) wetj liw ^jcsb 3/0C Xcmb-Rp Pctbs (sbb sboteif 7.8), wjisb stuhbfts acy `b

sblg-sblbotefd gir jcvefd pcrbfts wetj lbssbr efvbstabft ef tjber bhuocteif.

Gefclly, judb efbqucletebs ig ippirtufety iredefctb gria hespcretebs ef pcrbftcl wbcltj cfh

suppirt. Ef tjb petjy wirhs ig bhuoctir cfh cochbaeo Kcsif Xcf, “efstbch ig jcvefd c

abretiorcoy, eforbcsefdly wjct wb jcvb ef _efdcpirb es c pcrbftiorcoy‑ (Ifd, 0>38). ^crbfts―bhuocteif lbvbls, wbcltj, cfh efvbstabft ef ojelh-rbcrefd crb siurobs ig efbquety tjct tjb systba

hibs fit cttbapt ti lbvbl (Mjifd, 0>>8). Xjes es bdrbdeiusly acfegbstbh ef tjb _DH 3.3 èlleif

vclub ig tjb sjchiw-bhuocteif tjct privehbs prevctb ‚tueteif― olcssbs gir pcyefd stuhbfts,

clliwefd pcrbfts ti purojcsb cf cochbaeo chvcftcdb gir tjber ojelhrbf. Mcfd (0>33) wretbs tjct

“ef _efdcpirb … jiw auoj bhuocteif pcrbfts jcvb acttbrs gir jiw tjber ojelhrbf crb

bhuoctbh … Cs airb dbfbrcteifs ig _efdcpirbcfs suoobbh cfh `bfbget gria tjb bhuocteifcl

systba, tjisb wji suoobbh well `b `bttbr piseteifbh ti fcvedctb tjb systba ti bfsurb suoobss gir

tjber ojelhrbf. Cfh coouaulcteif ig sacll chvcftcdbs clifd tjb wcy ocf lbch ti èd chvcftcdbs

hiwf tjb rich.‑ Tjbtjbr tjb bhuocteif systba sjiulh lbvbl tjbsb efjbretbh efbqucletebs es c

firactevb kuhdbabft ‟ pbrjcps bvbf ifb ojcrcotbresteo ig tjb pileteocl lbgt. Fbvbrtjblbss, et

crduc`ly sjiulh fit `b acdfegyefd tjba tjriudj tjb ^reacry Ifb Pbdestrcteif Bxbroesb.

^refoepclly `bocusb ig tjb bxestbfob ig tjes ‚pcrbftiorcoy―, cfh sboifhcrely `bocusb ig systbaeo

lbcmcdbs ef tjb abretiorcteo hbsedf ig tjb bhuocteif systba, tjb ^_LB es fit tjb abretiorcteo

“sirtefd iut‑ ig stuhbfts `y cèlety, “rbdcrhlbss ig wji yiur aitjbr ir gctjbr … es‑, tjct Lbb

Mucf Ubw achb et iut ti `b (_trcets Xeabs, 0>3>). Ifly 0>% ig stuhbfts oiaefd gria tjb

piirbst 32% ig gcaelebs soirbh ef tjb tip tjerh ct tjb 0>3> ^_LB, cfh “jclg ig tjb stuhbfts wji

oiab gria tjb liwbr ifb-tjerh pbrobftelb ig jiusbjilhs ef _efdcpirb wiulh lembly `b ojcffbllbh

ti tjb ìttia ig tjb Firacl strbca `y vertub ig tjber ^_LB pbrgiracfob‑ (Mcfd, 0>33). Xjb

hespripirteifctbly piir pbrgiracfob ig ufhbrprevelbdbh stuhbfts ct tjb ^_LB aerrir tjb sioei-



33

boifiaeo oiapiseteif ig stuhbfts ct bletb sboifhcry sojiils, wjeoj stuhbfts ocf bftbr eg tjby hi

bxobpteifclly wbll ct tjb ^_LB. Ef Pcgglbs Derls― _ojiil (_boifhcry), 40.?% ig stuhbfts crb

ojelhrbf ig ct lbcst ifb ufevbrsety drchuctb. “Xjb gedurbs gir itjbr tip sojiils lemb Jwc Ojifd

Efstetuteif cfh Cfdli-Ojefbsb _ojiil (Efhbpbfhbft) crb seaelcr ‟ cll cìvb 2> pbr obft. Efoiftrcst, ef fbedjìurjiih sojiils lemb Kurifd Tbst _boifhcry cfh @umet Abrcj _boifhcry, tjb

sjcrb ig stuhbfts wetj drchuctb pcrbfts jivbrs ct criufh 3> pbr obft‑ (Ojcfd, 0>33). Cltjiudj

tjbsb gedurbs hi fit cooiuft gir tjb pisseèlety tjct eftblledbft pcrbfts acy prihuob eftblledbft

mehs, tjbsb hespcretebs cppbcr lcrdb bfiudj ti rbacef sedfegeocft bvbf cgtbr hiefd si.

Xjb AIB―s “Bvbry _ojiil C Diih _ojiil‑ pileoy herboteif5, cffiufobh ef 0>3? cfh

eftbfteifbh cs cf cttbapt ti lbvbl tjb quclety ig sojiils, crduc`ly caiufts ti cf chaesseif tjct

tjbsb hespcretebs crb sedfegeocft. Cltjiudj Bvbry _ojiil C Diih _ojiil wcs fbvbr bxpleoetlygrcabh cs `befd rbhestreùtevb ef eftbft, ets bssbfteclly rbhestreùtevb fcturb es bvehbft fit kust ef

ets fcab ùt clsi ef tjb spboegeo pileoebs et jcs lbh ti. Gir efstcfob, ef Ioti`br 0>3?, AIB tjb

girabr aefestbr gir bhuocteif, Jbfd _wbb Mbct, cffiufobh tjct jes aefestry wiulh `b “sbfhefd

siab ig iur aist bxpbrebfobh cfh wbll rbdcrhbh prefoepcls ti jbch sojiils ef iur jbcrtlcfh3>.‑

(Jbfd, 0>3?) Xjb wirh ‚jbcrtlcfh― rbgbrs ti tjb suùr`cf JH@ tiwfs ig _efdcpirb, ùt jcs

oiffitcteifs ig tjb gcaelecr, tjb irhefcry, cfh tjb oiaaifplcob. Efchvbrtbftly ir itjbrwesb,

Jbfd cssioectbs cvbrcdb, aehhlb-olcss fbedjìrjiihs wetj ufbxobpteifcl, fifhbsorept sojiils

tjct fbbh bxobpteifcl prefoepcls ti eaprivb. Xjes tjbf caiufts ti twi airb rbacrmc`lb, eapleoet

oifobsseifs gria tjb AIB; gerst, tjct tjb `bst sojiils efhbbh crb, cs tjes pcpbr crdubs,

oifobftrctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs= cfh sboifh, tjct tjb hespcretebs `btwbbf tjb `bst

sojiils cfh tjb rbst crb sedfegeocft bfiudj ti abret pileoy coteif.

5 Gir cf iggeoecl bxplcfcteif, sbb jttp;//www.aib.div.sd/efetectevbs/bvbry-sojiil-diih-sojiil/. 3> Xjb ‚jbcrtlcfh― es c tbra oiaaifly usbh ef _efdcpirb, bspboeclly ef divbrfabft oiaaufeocteifs, ti hbsore`b tjbsuùr`cf JH@ tiwfs. Bvbf ef tjb pipulcr psyojb, et oifvbys “c sbfsb ig tjb liocl cfh ig fcteifcl cutjbfteoety‑

(îif, 0>3?). Et wcs pipulcrezbh ef girabr ^reab Aefestbr Dij Ojim Xifd―s 3555 Fcteifcl Hcy Pclly sp bboj.

http://www.moe.gov.sg/initiatives/every-school-good-school/






30



3?

0 Pblbvcft Letbrcturb

C ìhy ig bxestefd letbrcturb bxests tjct bxplirbs tjb eapcot ig sojiil quclety if jiusefd preobs

(Jbrfcfhbz-Aurelli, Ojeihi, & Iwycfd, 0>3>= Grcfmlef & Tchhbll, 0>>0= @lcom, 3555) usefdjbhifeo preoefd aihbls, gefhefd tjct sojiil quclety hibs jcvb c sedfegeocft if tjb preobs ig

fbcr`y pripbrty.

Jiwbvbr, tjb letbrcturb tbfhs ti gious if ocsbs ef tjb Rfetbh _tctbs, wjbrb coobss ti tjb `bst

pu`leo sojiils tbfhs ti `b oiftefdbft if levefd ef c diih sojiil hestreot. Gufhefd gir pu`leo

sojiils tbfhs ti oiab gria pripbrty tcxbs oillbotbh wetjef sojiil hestreots ‟ tjus, sojiil quclety

herbotly oirrblctbs ti fbedjìrjiih wbcltj, pbrpbtuctefd efbquclety wetj lettlb rbhestreùteif

(Ojbtty & Grebhacf, 0>33= Pbyfilhs, 0>>8).

_efdcpirb―s oiftbxt heggbrs= cs bxplcefbh ef sboteif 3.3.3, sojiil quclety es stcfhcrhezbh fcteif-

wehb. Airbivbr, levefd iutsehb c ifb- ir twi-meliabtbr rcheus ig c devbf sojiil abrbly

heaefesjbs chaesseif ojcfobs, wjelb levefd iutsehb cf Cabreocf sojiil hestreot typeoclly rbfhbrs

et eapisse`lb ti bftbr sojiils wetjef tjct hestreot.

Gir tjbsb rbcsifs, Tifd (0>33) usbs c jbhifeo preoefd aihbl ti gefh tjct tjb prixeaety ig c

pipulcr, jedj-quclety sojiil ti c devbf pripbrty jcs c gcr sacllbr bggbot if tjct pripbrty's preob.

Cgtbr oiftrillefd gir itjbr gcotirs tjct efglubfob pripbrty preobs, Tifd gefhs tjct pripbrty wetjef

3ma ig c pipulcr sojiil es ifly 3.:% airb bxpbfsevb tjcf seaelcr pripbrty fit wetjef c

meliabtbr ig c pipulcr sojiil. Bssbfteclly, bletb sojiils hi fit sedfegeocftly hrevb up tjb preobs ig

fbcr`y pripbrtebs.

Xjus, Tifd―s gefhefd suddbsts tjct, eg bletb sojiils crb lioctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs (cs

tjes pcpbr dibs if ti hbaifstrctb), tjbf tjisb fbedjìrjiihs crb tjct bxpbfsevb fit `bocusb

prixeaety ti bletb sojiils bfhidbfiusly hrevbs up hbacfh, ùt `bocusb bxidbfius gcotirs

(typeoclly prixeaety ti hiwftiwf _efdcpirb) clrbchy rbfhbr et bxpbfsevb. Xjes tjbf lbfhs

orbhbfob ti tjb sboifh cfbohitcl i`sbrvcteif fitbh ef sboteif 3, tjct fbedjìrjiihs wetj bletb

sojiils well stell `b bxpbfsevb bvbf eg tjbsb bletb sojiils wbrb rblioctbh blsbwjbrb. Ef sjirt, et es

tjb liocteif ig sojiils ef clrbchy bxpbfsevb lioclbs tjct rbprbsbfts cf efherbot sioeiboifiaeo

`crrebr ti chaesseif.



38

? Hctc cfh _caplb

Xi tbst tjes pcpbr―s jypitjbses, ct lbcst twi vclubs fbbhbh ti `b i`tcefbh gir bcoj sojiil; c vclub

qucftegyefd tjb bhuocteifcl quclety ig tjb sojiil rblctevb ti itjbr sojiils, cfh cfitjbr vclubqucftegyefd tjb pripbrty preobs c pcrbft wiulh fbbh ti efour ef irhbr ti utelezb tjb jiab-sojiil

hestcfob oretbrec cs cf chaesseif strctbdy.

?.3 _ojiils

Xjb AIB hibs fit iggeoeclly rblbcsb hctc if tjb pbrgiracfob ig preacry sojiils. Crduc`ly, tjb

`bst su`stetutb wcs ti utelezb hctc if AIB-oifgbrrbh cwcrhs ufhbr ets Acstbrplcf ig Cwcrhs tjct

rboidfezb bxobllbfob cfh `bst prcoteobs ct sojiils.33 C pu`leoly-coobsse`lb rcfmefd ig sojiils `y

tjb fua`br ig suoj cwcrhs rbobevbh gria 0>>5 ti 0>38 wcs i`tcefbh gria _DXbcoj, cf iflefb

sioecl-fbtwirm oiaaufety ig bhuoctirs cfh pcrbfts,30 `csbh if hctc oiapelbh gria AIB prbss

rblbcsbs ivbr tjct pbreih ig teab cffiufoefd tjb prbsbftcteif ig tjbsb cwcrhs. Xjb drbctbr tjb

fua`br ig cwcrhs c devbf sojiil jcs rbobevbh `btwbbf 0>>5 cfh 0>3?, tjb jedjbr tjct sojiil es

rcfmbh. Cll preacry sojiils ef _efdcpirb wbrb devbf c rcfmefd gir bcoj ybcr.3?

_ojiils rbobevb ifb ir airb ig tjbsb sbvbf cwcrhs eg tjby gulgel `bfojacrms, gexbh `y tjb AIB,

tjct abcsurb tjb pbrgiracfob ig bcoj sojiil ef `itj cochbaeo cfh bxtrc-ourreoulcr hiacefs. Et

tjbf gilliws tjct tjb drbctbr fua`br ig cwcrhs ct c devbf sojiil, tjb `bttbr tjb bhuocteif c

stuhbft wji cttbfhs tjct sojiil es lembly ti dbt.

AIB―s stcfhcrhezbh, oretbrec-rbgbrbfobh cppricoj ti oifgbrrefd tjbsb cwcrhs acmb tjba c

rblec`lb abcfs ig oiapcrefd bhuocteifcl quclety `btwbbf sojiils. C pcrteoulcr strbfdtj ig tjb

33 Gir iggeoecl bxplcfcteifs ig tjb Acstbrplcf ig Cwcrhs, sbbjttp;//www.aib.div.sd/abhec/prbss/0>>8/pr0>>8>?34c/[email protected] cfhjttp;//www.aib.div.sd/abhec/prbss/gelbs/0>>:/>5/aib-acstbrplcf-ig-cwcrhs-gir-sojiils.phg . 30 Xjb hctc wbrb coobssbh ctjttps;//www.gcob`iim.oia/abhec/sbt/9sbt1c.73?5578>0>8>3?0.3>4?483:??.04:7>278:530288. 3? Xjb gull rcfmefds crb cvcelc`lb ef tjb Cppbfhex, sboteif 5.3.

http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2004/pr20040317a/AnnexB.pdf


http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/files/2008/09/moe-masterplan-of-awards-for-schools.pdf


https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.613996402040132.1073741833.278605648912544







32

hctc lebs ef tjb gcot tjct et ocpturbs tjb pbrgiracfob ig c sojiil ct hblevbrefd bxobllbfob bvbf

`byifh tjb ourreoulua ef fif-cochbaeo hiacefs. Xjes es lembly ti `b c sedfegeocft gcotir ef

efglubfoefd stuhbft iutoiabs devbf tjct stuhbfts tclbftbh ef fif-cochbaeo hiacefs ocf cpply gir

prbgbrbftecl chaesseif

38

ti tip sboifhcry cfh pist-sboifhcry efstetuteifs, cfh clsi devbf tjct sigtsmells crb eforbcsefdly bssbftecl gir suoobss ef pist-sboifhcry efstetuteifs cfh tjb wirmplcob

(Jbomacf & Mcutz, 0>30).

Airbivbr, usefd hctc `csbh if AIB cwcrhs lcrdbly oiftrils gir tjb pisseèlety tjct tjb ojelhrbf

ig tjb wbcltjy tbfh ti hi `bttbr ef sojiil rbdcrhlbss ig jiw diih c sojiil tjby cttbfh, hub ti

ìtj efjbretbh cfh bfverifabftcl gcotirs. Pcfmefd sojiils `y tjb pbrgiracfob ig tjber stuhbfts

ct stcfhcrhezbh tbsts, gir efstcfob, wiulh gcel ti oiftril gir tjes pisseèlety. Ef sjirt, tjb hctc

abcsurb tjb quclety ig sojiils― bhuocteifcl priobssbs, efhbpbfhbft ig tjb iutoiabs tjby hblevbr.

Xjct sceh, tjb hestreùteif ig cwcrhs caifd sojiils heggbrbh sledjtly ivbr tjb ybcrs, cppbcrefd ti

`b oiftefdbft if ojcfdbs ti AIB pileoy ef bvcluctefd sojiils gir tjb cwcrhs. Ef 0>>5, tjbrb

wbrb c titcl ig 05 hestefot rcfms gir 340 preacry sojiils. Ef 0>30, tjbrb wbrb c titcl ig ?7 hestefot

rcfms gir 3:> preacry sojiils. @y 0>38, cltjiudj tjb fua`br ig sojiils eforbcsbh ti 35>, tjb

fua`br ig hestefot rcfms gbll ti 04. Xi oerouavbft tjes pri`lba, c pridrca wcs hbsedfbh ti `b

c`lb ti tcmb ef cfy hbserbh ybcr gria 0>>5 ti 0>38 cs efput gir sojiil rcfmefds, cs wbll cs ti

cddrbdctb tjb rcfmefds gir cll sex ybcrs ti prihuob c gefcl rcfmefd lefbcrly wbedjtbh tiwcrhsairb rbobft, up-ti-hctb rcfmefds (sbb sboteif 8).

?.0 Jiusefd ^reobs

Jiusefd preob hctc gir wcs i`tcefbh gria pu`leoly-cvcelc`lb efgiracteif if tjb wb`setb ig tjb

_efdcpirb Pbcl Bstctb Bxojcfdb, c oiaprbjbfsevb “efgiracteif bxojcfdb girabh `y tjb lbchefd

rbcl bstctb cdbfoebs ef _efdcpirb‑, gir rbcl bstctb trcfscoteifs hctbh `btwbbf 37 Cprel 0>32 cfh

38 Herbot _ojiil Chaesseif es cf AIB sojbab tjct clliws stuhbfts ti `b chaettbh ti sboifhcry sojiils cfh kufeiroillbdbs ig ojieob `csbh if tclbft cfh cojebvbabft ef bxtrc-ourreoulcr geblhs, suoj cs spirts cfh tjb crts. _bbjttp;//www.aib.div.sd/bhuocteif/chaesseifs/hsc-sbo/ cfh jttp;//www.aib.div.sd/bhuocteif/chaesseifs/hsc-ko/.

http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/admissions/dsa-sec/


http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/admissions/dsa-jc/







37

32 Kuly 0>32.32 Xjb abhecf pbr-squcrb-gbbt (^_G) rbsclb cfh rbftcl preobs wbrb lestbh gir JH@

cpcrtabfts, oifhiaefeua cpcrtabfts, cfh lcfhbh pripbrty wetjef ifb meliabtbr ig bcoj

sojiil,37 privehefd sex hctc-piefts gir bcoj sojiil.

Xjb strbfdtj ig tjb hctc, `bsehbs ets bxjcustevbfbss, lebs ef tjb gcot tjct et ocpturbs tjb oist

pcrbfts wiulh jcvb ti efour ef irhbr ti quclegy gir tjb jedjbst-preirety, ifb-meliabtbr jiab-

sojiil hestcfob octbdiry; tjes es tjb rblbvcft oist ti yiufd pcrbfts cttbaptefd ti purojcsb ir rbft.

Tjelb et hibs fit efoluhb jiusefd preob hctc gir tjb 3-0ma jiab-sojiil hestcfob octbdiry, et

devbs c gcer rbprbsbftcteif ig tjb aist rbobft trcfscoteifs gir tjb jedjbst preirety, wetjef-ifb-

meliabtbr octbdiry.34

32 Xjb hctc wbrb oiapelbh `y cfh es oipyredjt ig _trbbtsefb ^tb Lth, cfh wbrb coobssbh ctjttp;//www.srx.oia.sd/pripbrty-preobs-fbcr-preacry-sojiils. 37 _bb sboteif 3.3.? gir cf bxplcfcteif ig tjbsb jiusefd octbdirebs.34 Obrtcef geblhs crb `lcfm `bocusb pripbrtebs ig tjct typb heh fit ufhbrdi trcfscoteifs hurefd tjb ?-aiftj teab pbreih rblbvcft ti tjb hctc. Dbfbrclly, tjes efheoctbs tjct tjbrb crb fbdlede`ly gbw pripbrtebs ig tjct typb wetjef c ifb-meliabtbr rcheus ig c sojiil, ir fifb ct cll.

http://www.srx.com.sg/property-prices-near-primary-schools





34

8 Oirrblcteif

Xjb oillbotbh hctc wbrb cddrbdctbh suoj tjct ifly twi vclubs wbrb cssedfbh ti bcoj sojiil; ifb

ocpturefd sojiil quclety, cfh tjb itjbr, pripbrty preobs. Xjb hestreùteif ig tjbsb twi vclubs wbrbtjbf oirrblctbh wetj bcoj itjbr, rbvbclefd c rbsult oifsestbft wetj tjb jypitjbses tjct tjb `bst

sojiils crb oifobftrctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs.

8.3 Dbfbrcl oirrblcteif

Gerst, tjb sex hctc piefts ocpturefd pripbrty preobs ef c ifb-meliabtbr veoefety ig bcoj sojiil wbrb

cddrbdctbh efti c sefdlb wbedjtbh preob. Devbf tjct tjb pbrobftcdb ig _efdcpirbcfs levefd ef

JH@ cpcrtabfts, oifhiaefeuas cfh prevctb pripbrty es :0%, 30% cfh 7% rbspbotevbly3:, tjes

wbedjtbh preob wcs ocloulctbh gir bcoj sojiil cs gilliws, `csbh if tjb fcteifcl hestreùteif ig

pripbrty typbs;

1

>.:0 Abhecf ^reob ig JH@ glcts wetjef 3ma

+ >.30 Abhecf ^reob ig Oifhiaefeua glcts wetjef 3ma

+ >.>7 Abhecf ^reob ig ^revctb pripbrty wetjef 3ma

Xjes abtjih ig cddrbdcteif clsi acfcdbh, ti c lcrdb bxtbft, ti ocpturb liocl hestreùteifs ig

pripbrty typbs wjbrbvbr tjby heggbr sedfegeocftly gria tjb fcteifcl hestreùteif. Ef tjb veoefety ig

siab sojiils, pripbrtebs ig ifb ir airb typbs heh fit ufhbrdi cfy trcfscoteifs hurefd tjb ?-

aiftj teab pbreih rblbvcft ti tjb hctc. Xjes efheoctbs tjct tjbrb crb fbdlede`ly gbw pripbrtebs ig

tjct typb wetjef c ifb-meliabtbr rcheus ig c sojiil, ir fifb ct cll. Xi rbglbot tjes, tjb wbedjtbh

preob ocloulctbh gir tjbsb sojiils oifsestbh ifly ig tjb rbacefefd vclubs, wetj tjb wbedjtschkustbh ti rbglbot tjb liocl hestreùteif.

3: _bb sboteif 3.3.?.



3:

_boifhly, tjb sex hctc piefts ocpturefd tjb rblctevb rcfm ig bcoj sojiil ‟ gria cffucl rcfmefds

ivbr sex ybcrs gria 0>>5 ti 0>38 ‟ wbrb wbedjtbh lefbcrly cs gilliws, wetj airb rbobft rcfmefds

devbf drbctbr wbedjts;

Tbedjtbh rcfmefd ig bcoj sojiil 1

7/03 0>38 rcfmefd + 2/03 0>3? rcfmefd + 8/03 0>30 rcfmefd

+ ?/03 0>33 rcfmefd + 0/03 0>3> rcfmefd + 3/03 0>>5 rcfmefd

Xjes devbs prbobhbfob ti tjb lctbst, aist up-ti-hctb sojiil rcfmefds.

Rsefd ^ylc` cs c drcpjefd tiil, wbedjtbh jiusb preobs wbrb plittbh cdcefst wbedjtbh sojiilrcfmefds ef Gedurb 8.3, wetj bcoj pieft rbprbsbftefd c preacry sojiil.



35

G edurb 8.3 Drcpj ig wbedjtbh pripbrty preobs plittbh cdcefst wbedjtbh sojiil rcfmefds wetjiut

cpplyefd tjb stctesteocl oiftril, wetj lefb ig `bst get (m 1 -0.40).

Xjb drchebft ig tjb `bst-get lefb gir tjb hctc wcs fbdctevb cfh jch c vclub ig 0.43:54. Xjeseaplebs tjct, if cvbrcdb, cf eforbcsb ef pripbrty preobs ig 3?2.52 _efdcpirb Hillcrs pbr squcrb

giit well prihuob c oirrbspifhefd eforbcsb ef sojiil rcfmefd ig 2> plcobs.

@y tjes abcsurb, tjb cvbrcdb pcrbft, wji acy `b levefd wetjef ifb meliabtbr ig c typeocl

sojiil,35 well jcvb ti pcy c prbaeua ig 3?3,>>> _efdcpirb Hillcrs ti aivb ti c fbw jiusb

lioctbh wetjef ifb meliabtbr ig c sojiil ef tjb tip qucrtelb. Et es c sedfegeocft sua, c`iut ?>%

35 Xjb cvbrcdb _efdcpirbcf jiusbjilh ef 0>38 rbsehbh ef c 8-riia JH@ glct (_efdcpirb Hbpcrtabft ig _tctesteos,0>38), wjeoj jcvb cf cvbrcdb sezb ig 5> squcrb abtbrs ir 57:.42 squcrb gbbt (griajttp;//www.jh`.div.sd/ge3>/ge3>?03p.fsg/w/@uyefdFbwGlct8riia).

http://www.hdb.gov.sg/fi10/fi10321p.nsf/w/BuyingNewFlat4room





0>

airb tjcf tjb cvbrcdb cffucl jiusbjilh efoiab,0> tjct rbprbsbfts c olbcr `crrebr ti bftry ti bletb

sojiils gir ojelhrbf gria lbss wbcltjy jiusbjilhs.

Xjct sceh, tjb hctc jch c oirrblcteif oibggeoebft ig r 1 ->.?2?7?28504:7. Cltjiudj et wcs

fbdctevb cs bxpbotbh, ets vclub wcs fit lcrdb bfiudj ti hbaifstrctb c olbcr oirrblcteif, wetj

priaefbft iutlebrs vese`lb ef tjb tip-lbgt quchrcft ig tjb socttbr plit.

8.0 _tctesteocl Oiftril

^rixeaety ti c sojiil es lembly ti efhuob cf bfhidbfius bggbot if pripbrty preobs. Xjus, et es c

vcrec`lb tjct fbbhs ti `b oiftrillbh gir ef irhbr ti prbvbft iaettbh vcrec`lb `ecs. Tifd (0>>5)

qucftegebs tjes bggbot; cll blsb jblh bqucl, “c sojiil wetj diih pbrgiracfob rcesbs tjb rbsclb preob

ig glcts wetjef 3ma `y 3.:%‑. Xjes es c prbaeua tjct pripbrtebs wetjef ifb meliabtbr ig “sojiils

wetj diih pbrgiracfob‑ crb lembly ti oiaacfh, rbdcrhlbss ig tjb fbedj`irjiih ir hestreot if

wjeoj tjb sojiil es lioctbh. Itjbr sojiils heh fit jcvb stctesteoclly sedfegeocft bggbots if

pripbrty preobs wetjef ifb meliabtbr.

Xjbrbgirb, stctesteocl oiftril wcs cpplebh ti tjb hctc `y hesoiuftefd tjb 3.:% prbaeua gir

pripbrty fbcr bletb sojiils. Tifd ifly oifsehbrbh sojiils ef c jcfhgul ig _efdcpirb―s hestreots,

“sojiils wetj diih pbrgiracfob‑= tjbsb wbrb cpprixeactbh ti `b tjb tip twbfty sojiils ef tjes pcpbr―s wbedjtbh rcfmefd. Xjb fbw sbt ig hctc es plittbh ef Gedurb 8.0.

0> _efdcpirb―s abhecf cffucl jiusbjilh efoiab ef 0>38 wcs 55,8:> _efdcpirb Hillcrs (_efdcpirb Hbpcrtabft ig_tctesteos, 0>38).



03

G edurb 8.0 Drcpj ig wbedjtbh pripbrty preobs plittbh cdcefst wbedjtbh sojiil rcfmefds cgtbr

cpplyefd tjb stctesteocl oiftril, wetj lefb ig `bst get (m 1 -0.40).

Oiaabfsurctb wetj tjb sacll acdfetuhb ig tjb prixeaety-prbaeua Tifd ehbftegebs, cgtbr

cpplyefd tjb stctesteocl oiftril, tjb drchebft ig tjb `bst-get lefb heggbrs gria tjb efetecl ifb ifly ct

tjb sboifh hboeacl plcob. _eaelcrly, tjb oirrblcteif oibggeoebft (r 1 ->.?2075??:>744) rbacefs

claist oifstcft. Xjbrbgirb, cpplyefd tjb stctesteocl oiftril jcs lettlb bggbot if tjb hctc, cfh tjb

oirrblcteif bstc`lesjbh ef sboteif 8.3 crduc`ly stell stcfhs.

8.? Oifoluseif

Xjb seaplb oirrblcteif ig twi cddrbdctbh vcrec`lbs prihuobh rbsults oifsestbft wetj tjbjypitjbses tjct tjb `bst sojiils crb oifobftrctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedj`irjiihs. Fbvbrtjblbss, tjb

rblctevbly liw vclub ig tjb oirrblcteif oibggeoebft, tjb lcrdb fua`br ig iutlebrs ef tjb tip-lbgt

quchrcft ig tjb socttbr plit, cfh tjb oifobftrcteif ig hctc piefts ef tjb `ittia-redjt quchrcft

suddbstbh tjct c seaplb lefbcr-get aihbl wcs efsuggeoebft ti cfclyzb tjb oirrblcteif.



00

2 Olustbrefd Abtjihilidy

Xi gully bxpliet tjb fucfobs ig tjb reoj hctcsbt, cfh gir et ti yeblh reojbr efsedjts, et wcs hbbabh

fbobsscry ti ocpturb cll sex hctc pieft gir bcoj ig tjb twi vcrec`lbs, rctjbr tjcf seaplycddrbdctefd tjba efti sefdlb wbedjtbh cvbrcdbs. Xi tjes bfh, olustbr cfclyses, c Acojefb

Lbcrfefd cldiretja, wcs cpplebh ti tjb hctc.

2.3 Hctc Cfclyses

C ^ytjif pridrca wcs hbsedfbh ti pbrgira giur gufoteifs;

3. ^crsb c tbxt gelb oiftcefefd sojiil fcabs, rcfmefds cfh jiusefd preob hctc.

0. Orbctb rblbvcft hctc sbts ig sojiil fcabs, rcfmefds cfh preoefd hctc tjct crb bcsely

coobsse`lb.

?. Eaplbabft m-abcfs olustbrefd ig sojiils `csbh if jiusefd preob hctc.

8. Tetj sojiils fiw olustbrbh `csbh if jiusefd preobs, c tjiriudj cfclyses ig sojiils

coriss olustbrs ocf `b pbrgirabh.

^ytjif wcs ojisbf cs tjb lcfducdb ig ojieob hub ti ets pirtc`elety cfh usbr-grebfhlefbss; et es ifb

ig tjb gbw jedj-lbvbl lcfducdbs tjct es coobsse`lb ti `bdeffbr pridrcaabrs, wetj ets syftcx

seaelcr ti tjct ig Bfdlesj. Ef chheteif, ^ylc` cs c drcpjefd tiil es bcsely coobsse`lb cs c ^ytjif

le`rcry. Airbivbr, ^ytjif gelbs crb bcsely oifvbrte`lb ti Actlc` gelbs, cfh ^ylc`―s drcpjefd

gufoteifs crb seaelcr ef uscdb ti tjisb ig Actlc`.

Cs suoj, sojiils wbrb driupbh efti tjrbb olustbrs; ifb olustbr oiftcefbh tjisb lioctbh wetjef ifb

meliabtbr ig tjb aist bxpbfsevb jiusefd= cfitjbr olustbr oiftcefbh tjisb lioctbh wetjef tjb

ojbcpbst jiusefd= cfh tjb gefcl olustbr oiftcefbh tjb eftbrabhectb sojiils.



0?

2.0 Olustbr Cfclyses

Olustbr cfclyses es c Acojefb Lbcrfefd cldiretja tjct es hbsedfbh ti driup hctc sbts `y

seaelcretebs ef tjber cttreùtbs. _ojiils wetj seaelcr pripbrty preobs wbrb olustbrbh tidbtjbr

(efstbch ig sojiils wetj seaelcr rcfmefds) `bocusb acfy typbs ig hctc wbrb cvcelc`lb ti ocpturb

heggbrbft cspbots ig sojiil quclety; cpcrt gria tjb rcfmefds, sojiil pbrgiracfob ivbr teab, tjb

pipulcrety ig sojiils, cfh tjb rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob ti sbourefd chaesseif oiulh `b

oiapcrbh coriss olustbrs.

Ef irhbr ti prbpcrb hctc gir olustbrefd, tjrbb vclubs fbbhbh ti `b cssedfbh ti bcoj sojiil; c

liwbr-ìufh preob, cf uppbr-ìufh preob, cfh tjb wbedjtbh-cvbrcdb preob dbfbrctbh ef sboteif 8.

Xjb liwbst abhecf-^_G preob, `btwbbf tjb tjrbb cvcelc`lb preob piefts (gir JH@, oifhiaefeua,

cfh prevctb pripbrty), wcs usbh cs tjb liwbr-ìufh preob. Xjb jedjbst-^_G preob `btwbbf tjb

scab tjrbb preob piefts wcs usbh cs tjb uppbr-ìufh preob.

C pcrteoulcr strbfdtj ig tjes abtjihilidy wcs tjct et ocpturbh tjb cvcelcèlety ig heggbrbft

jiusefd typbs cfh tjb heggbrbft preobs rblbvcft ti bcoj ig tjba. Oifsehbrefd tjbsb tjrbb vclubs

abcfs tjct tjb hctc cfclyses ocpturbs tjb sedfegeocft vcrecfob ef jiusb preobs `btwbbf JH@

cpcrtabfts, oifhiaefeuas cfh prevctb pripbrty, cfh tjb rbsultefd rcfdb ig jiusefd ipteifs

cvcelc`lb ti gcaelebs. Xjes clliwbh gir c airb coourctb cfclyses ig tjb hctc tjcf eg c sefdlb

cddrbdctbh vclub jch `bbf usbh gir bcoj sojiil.

M-abcfs olustbrefd wcs tjb spboegeo olustbrefd cldiretja tjct wcs utelezbh. Ef tjb geblh ig

acojefb lbcrfefd, m-abcfs olustbrefd es ifb ig tjb seaplbst cldiretjas gir ufsupbrvesbh

lbcrfefd.03 Xjb vclub ig ‚m ― wcs gexbh ct ? olustbrs ti bfc`lb us ti ehbftegy jedj-bfh, liw-bfh cfh

eftbrabhectb jiusb preobs, bggbotevbly clliwefd oiapcresif `btwbbf olustbrs. Tetj ? olustbrs, tjb

03 Rfsupbrvesbh lbcrfefd es c `rcfoj ig acojefb lbcrfefd tjct efvbstedctbs pcttbrf-gefhefd wetjef uflc`blbh hctc, e.b.hctc wetj fi spboegebh efputs cfh iutputs. Ets cppleocteifs efoluhb hbfsety bsteacteif, olustbrefd cfh pcttbrfrboidfeteif. Ef oiftrcst, supbrvesbh lbcfefd efvbstedctbs pcttbrf-gefhefd wetjef sbts ig lc`bllbh hctc e.b. hctc wetjolbcr efputs cfh iutputs. Ets cppleocteifs efoluhb olcssegeocteif cfh rbdrbsseif wetj lcrdb hctcsbts. (@esjip, 0>>7)‚Lcrdb hctcsbt― es c oiaaifly usbh tbra ef @ed Hctc cfclyses. Gir iur purpisbs, tjb hctcsbt es tjb actrex ig 35>sojiils wetj vcreius efheoctirs suoj cs aef, acx, wbedjtbh, jiusefd preobs, ybcrly rcfms bto.



08

olustbrbh sojiils ocf `b olbcrly ehbftegebh cs tjisb ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs, typeocl

fbedjìrjiihs cfh efbxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs.

Xjb gilliwefd stbps hbsore`b tjb m-abcfs olustbrefd cldiretja;

3. Xjrbb efetecl obftbrs, ifb gir bcoj olustbr, crb rcfhialy ojisbf.

0. Bcoj ig tjb piefts es cssedfbh ti ifb olustbr `y oiaputefd tjb obftbr tjct tjb pieft es

olisbst ti.

?. Bcoj olustbr es uphctbh wetj tjb fbw piefts cfh tjb obftrieh es clsi uphctbh.

8. Xjb cldiretja oifvbrdbs wjbf tjb obftriehs fi lifdbr ojcfdb.

Cs suoj, sojiils wbrb olustbrbh `csbh if seaelcretebs coriss cll tjrbb vclubs. Xjes abcft tjct, gir

efstcfob, sojiils wetjef ifb meliabtbr ig dbfbrclly bxpbfsevb prevctb jiusefd wbrb driupbh efti

tjb scab olustbr= sojiils wetj fbcr`y pripbrtebs ef seaelcr preob rcfdbs wbrb driupbh efti tjb

scab olustbr. Oruoeclly, sojiils wetj lettlb ir fi JH@ cpcrtabfts wetjef ifb meliabtbr wbrb

driupbh efti tjb scab olustbr= tjes abcft tjct liocl hestreùteifs ig tjb tjrbb pripbrty typbs wbrb

cooiuftbh gir bvbf wjbf tjby heggbrbh gria tjb fcteifcl hestreùteifs (hbsore`bh ef sboteif

3.3.?).

Gedurbs 2.3 ti 2.? sjiw tjb rbsults ig olustbrefd, wetj hctc piefts `blifdefd ti tjb scab olustbr

sjcrefd c oiaaif oilir. Gria tjb iutsbt, tjb olustbr cfclyses rbvbcls trbfhs oifsestbft wetj tjes

pcpbr―s jypitjbses. _ojiils ef Olustbr 3 (rbh oilir), lioctbh ef tjb aist bxpbfsevb

fbedjìrjiihs, crb rbprbsbftbh `y piefts dbfbrclly oifobftrctbh ef tjb tip-lbgt quchrcft ig

jedjly-rcfmbh sojiils. Abcfwjelb, piefts ef Olustbrs 0 cfh ?, ef `lub cfh drbbf rbspbotevbly, crb

airb jireziftclly hestreùtbh coriss tjb socttbr plits. C oiaplbtb lest spboegyefd wjeoj sojiils

wbrb cssedfbh ti bcoj olustbr es efoluhbh ef tjb Cppbfhex, sboteif 3>.8.



02

G edurb 2.02.3 Drcpj ig liwbr-`iufh preob piefts plittbh cdcefst wbedjtbh sojiil rcfmefds,

oilirbh `y olustbr.

G edurb 2.02.0 Drcpj ig uppbr-`iufh preob piefts plittbh cdcefst wbedjtbh sojiil rcfmefds,

oilirbh `y olustbr.



07

G edurb 2.02.? Drcpj ig wbedjtbh-cvbrcdb preob piefts plittbh cdcefst wbedjtbh sojiil rcfmefds,

oilirbh `y olustbr.

2.? ^reob heggbrbfobs coriss olustbrs

Olustbr 3 oifsests ig sojiils ef rblctevbly bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs. Gria Xc`lb 2.8, tjb liwbr-

cfh uppbr-ìufh preobs crb oifsestbftly auoj jedjbr tjcf cvbrcdb. Gurtjbrairb, gria Gedurb

2.2, tjb heggbrbfob `btwbbf tjb liwbr- cfh uppbr-ìufh vclubs gir Olustbr 3 es `crbly c tjerh ig

scab heggbrbfob gir tjb wjilb hctcsbt; tjb liwbr-ìufh vclub es jbcvely smbwbh upwcrh `y tjb

rblctevb hbcrtj ig ojbcp JH@ cpcrtabfts ef tjbsb fbedjìrjiihs. Xjes abcfs tjct aist ig tjb

pripbrtebs ef tjbsb rbdeifs tbfh ti `b oifhiaefeuas cfh prevctb pripbrty, wetj gbwbr cggirhc`lb

JH@ cpcrtabfts. Gria Gedurb 2.7, bvbf tjb gbw JH@ glcts if sclb ef Olustbr 3 fbedjìrjiihs

wbrb sedfegeocftly airb bxpbfsevb tjcf itjbr JH@ glcts.

Olustbr 0 oiapresbs sojiils ef fbedjìrjiihs wetj eftbrabhectb pripbrty preobs. Xjb liwbr-

ìufh oist ig purojcsefd c jiusb es ct cf cggirhc`lb 82>.?0 _efdcpirb Hillcrs pbr squcrb gbbt,

cfh tjb uppbr-ìufh es 554.>5 _efdcpirb Hillcrs. Gria Xc`lb 2.8, ìtj ig tjbsb gedurbs crb vbry



04

olisb ti tjb ivbrcll cvbrcdb liwbr cfh uppbr ìufhs ig pripbrty preobs ef _efdcpirb. Cs suoj,

pripbrtebs fbcr sojiils ef Olustbr 0 crb typeocl ig _efdcpirb pripbrty ef dbfbrcl.

Olustbr ? rbprbsbfts sojiils setuctbh ef rblctevbly efbxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs. Xjb preob vclubs

gir Olustbr ? crb tjb efvbrsb ig tjisb gir Olustbr 3; tjb rblctevb cùfhcfob ig cggirhc`lb JH@

cpcrtabfts ef Olustbr ? fbedjìrjiihs smbws tjb uppbr-ìufh vclub hiwfwcrh, lbchefd ti tjb

hbvecteif `btwbbf tjb uppbr- cfh liwbr-ìufh preobs `befd olisb ti zbri. Efhbbh, c scaplb ig tjb

rcw ^_G hctc gria tjbsb crbcs sjiw tjct tjb abcf oifhiaefeua rbsclb es cf bxobpteifclly liw

4>? _efdcpirb Hillcrs pbr squcrb giit, wjelb fi rbobft trcfscoteifs ig prevctb pripbrty jcvb `bbf

achb.

Xc`lb 2.8 Wclubs gir liwbr-ìufh, uppbr-ìufh, cfh wbedjtbh-cvbrcdb preobs ig pripbrty ef

bcoj olustbr.

Liwbr-ìufh ^reob Tbedjtbh-cvbrcdb ^reob Rppbr-ìufh ^reob

Aef Cvd Acx Aef Cvd Acx Aef Cvd Acx

Olustbr 3 44>.> 335?.8 347>.> 5>0.8 300:.0 3472.? 530.> 3?>:.3 3:>4.>

Olustbr 0 ?04.> 82>.? :53.> ?:5.: 203.5 :53.> 4?7.> 554.3 32?3.>

Olustbr ? ?00.> 8>4.0 780.> ?00.> 8>5.? 780.> ?00.> 8?>.7 4>2.>

Abcf ?00.> 277.8 347>.> ?00.> 73>.: 3472.? ?00.> ::3.37 3:>4.>



0:

G edurb 2.?2 Aefeaua, cvbrcdb, cfh acxeaua preob piefts ef bcoj olustbr.

Gedurb 2.7 gurtjbr ellustrctbs tjb heggbrbfob ef jiusefd preobs coriss olustbrs. Ig fitb es tjb

c`sbfob ig c vclub gir prevctb pripbrty ef Olustbr ?= fifb ig tjb sojiils ef Olustbr ? jcvb prevctb

pripbrty wetjef ifb meliabtbr.

G edurb 2.?7 Cvbrcdb pripbrty preobs ef bcoj olustbr, `y pripbrty typb.

>

0>>

8>>

7>>

:>>

3>>>

30>>

38>>

Olustbr 3 Olustbr 0 Olustbr ? Abcf

Liwbr-`iufh Rppbr-`iufh Tbedjtbh cvbrcdb

>

0>>

8>>

7>>

:>>

3>>>

30>>

38>>

Olustbr 3 Olustbr 0 Olustbr ? Abcf

JH@ Oifhi ^revctb



05

7 Gefhefds

Jcvefd driupbh cll tjb preacry sojiils ef _efdcpirb efti ? olustbrs ig fbedj`irjiih pripbrty

preobs, hctc if sojiil pbrgiracfob wcs eftrihuobh, cfh cfclyzbh sbqubfteclly ef gevb wcys;

3. _ojiil rcfmefd hctc wbrb oiapcrbh coriss olustbrs.

0. C su`kbotevb scaplb ig gegtbbf bletb sojiils wcs lioctbh caifd tjb olustbrs.

?. _ojiil pbrgiracfob `btwbbf 0>>5 cfh 0>38 wcs oiapcrbh coriss olustbrs.

8. Xjb pbrobftcdb ig cvcelc`lb plcobs ct bcoj sojiils tcmbf up `y preirety driups hurefd

^jcsb 0C wcs oiapcrbh `btwbbf sojiils.

2. Xjb rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob cs c gcotir ef chaesseifs wcs oiapcrbh coriss

olustbrs.7. Xjb pipulcrety ig sojiils wcs oiapcrbh coriss olustbrs.

7.3 Cfclyses ig sojiil rcfmefds coriss olustbrs

Gria Xc`lb 7.3, tjb cvbrcdb sojiil ef Olustbr 3 es rcfmbh acrmbhly jedjbr tjcf cvbrcdb sojiils

ef tjb itjbr olustbrs. _ojiils ef Olustbr 3, tjb aist olustbr wetj tjb aist bxpbfsevb jiabs ef c 3-

ma rcheus, jcvb c abcf rcfm ig 23= tjb abcf rcfms ig sojiils ef Olustbrs 0 cfh ? crb 50 cfh 58

rbspbotevbly.

Xc`lb 7.3 Xjb rcfms ig tjb `bst, cvbrcdb, cfh wirst sojiils ef bcoj olustbr.

Tbedjtbh rcfmefds gria 0>>5-0>38

@bst rcfmefd Cvd rcfmefd Tirst rcfmefd _H

Olustbr 3 0.24 (_efdcpirb Ojefbsb

Derls― reacry)

23.: 37?.: 8>.8

Olustbr 0 3.8: (Pulcfd ^reacry) 53.: 325.7 83.?

Olustbr ? 3?.?: (Ce Xifd _ojiil) 58.3 378.2 82.0



?>

C Mrusmcl-Tclles tbst00 wcs oifhuotbh ti hbtbraefb tjb bxtbft ti wjeoj tjb heggbrbfobs `btwbbf

tjb abcf rcfms `btwbbf olustbrs crb stctesteoclly sedfegeocft, wetj tjb full jypitjbses tjct tjb

tjrbb abcfs crb tjb scab. Xjb rbsults ig tjct cfclyses, τ 0(0) 1 03.7, p < .>>3, efheoctbh tjct tjbsb

heggbrbfob crb suggeoebftly sedfegeocft ct ìtj tjb 2% cfh 3% lbvbls gir tjb full jypitjbses ti `brbkbotbh. îst-jio Acff-Tjetfby tbsts efheoctbh sedfegeocft heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjb abcfs ig

Olustbrs 3 cfh 0 (p < .>>3, r 1 >.88) cfh `btwbbf tjb abcfs ig Olustbrs 3 cfh ? (p < .>>3, r 1

>.88). Jiwbvbr, tjb abcf rcfms ig Olustbr 0 cfh ? heh fit heggbr sedfegeocftly, p 1 >.80, r 1 >.>?.

Xjb ìx plit0? ef Gedurb 7.0 ellustrctbs seaelcr rbsults. Fit ifly es tjb abhecf sojiil ef Olustbr 3

rcfmbh 27 cfh 28 plcobs jedjbr tjcf tjb abhecf sojiils ef Olustbr 0 cfh ? rbspbotevbly= tjb

eftbrqucrtelb rcfdb ig Olustbr 3 jcrhly ivbrlcps wetj tjisb ig tjb itjbr twi olustbrs. Xjb lifd

uppbr wjesmbr ig tjb Olustbr 3 ìx-plit suddbsts clsi tjct tjb hestreùteif ig Olustbr 3 sojiils (efrbh) es smbwbh jbcvely tiwcrhs tjb liwbr (`bttbr) rcfms. Ct tjb scab teab, sojiils ef Olustbrs 0

cfh ? hi fit heggbr sedfegeocftly ef tjber quclety hbspetb tjb sedfegeocft heggbrbfob ef tjber jiusb

preobs; tjb abhecf rcfms ig sojiils ef tjbsb olustbrs heggbr ifly `y twi rcfm piefts.

Ef sboteif 8.3, `csbh if tjb lefb ig `bst get gir tjb cddrbdctbh hctc, et wcs giufh tjct c pcrbft

oiulh bggbotevbly ùy 2>-rcfm eforbcsb ef sojiil quclety gir $3?3,>>>= jbrb, tjb olustbr cfclyses

rbvbcls tjct gir c 8>-rcfm heggbrbfob `btwbbf tjb cvbrcdb sojiils ef Olustbrs 3 cfh 0 oists airb

tjcf gevb teabs tjct caiuft. Xjes suddbsts tjct pripbrty preobs eforbcsb bxpifbfteclly cs sojiilquclety eforbcsbs, fit kust. Oruoeclly, tjb cvbrcdb sojiil ef Olustbr 3 es rcfmbh 8> plcobs jedjbr

tjcf tjb cvbrcdb sojiil ef Olustbr 0. Xjb cvbrcdb pcrbft ef c Olustbr 0 fbedjìrjiih levbs ef c

jiusb wirtj $2>2,25>= ti purojcsb c jiusb ef tjb cvbrcdb Olustbr 3 fbedjìrjiih, sjb wiulh

jcvb ti pcy $3,3:5,:3:, airb tjcf tweob tjb vclub ig jbr ourrbft jiusb. Xjb eforbcsb ig

$7:8,00: es c oilisscl sua, fbcrly sbvbf teabs tjb cffucl jiusbjilh efoiab, ef bxojcfdb gir c

sojiil rcfmbh 8> plcobs `bttbr.

00 Xjb Mrusmcl-Tclles tbst wcs sblbotbh jbrb cfh ef sboteifs 7.8 ti 7.7 `bocusb tjrbb sbts ig hctc fbbhbh ti `boiapcrbh wetjiut acmefd cfy cssuapteifs cìut tjber firaclety.0? Xjb ìx plits ef tjes pcpbr wbrb dbfbrctbh usefd c wb` cppleocteif orbctbh `y tjb Xybrs cfh Pcppsel`br lc`s cfhcoobssbh ct jttp;//ìxplit.tybrslc`.oia. Tjesmbrs cfh iutlebrs crb hbgefbh usefd tjb Xumby abtjih.

http://boxplot.tyerslab.com/






?3

G edurb 7.0 @ix-plit ellustrctefd tjb hestre`uteif ig wbedjtbh sojiil rcfmefds wetjef olustbrs,wjbrb c liwbr rcfm hbfitbs c sojiil ig `bttbr quclety. Xjb plus-sedf (+) acrms tjb vclub ig tjb

abcf gir bcoj olustbr.



?0

Cs suoj, tjb hctc crb oifsestbft wetj tjb jypitjbses tjct Olustbr 3 fbedjìrjiihs crb jiab ti

sedfegeocftly `bttbr sojiils tjcf ojbcpbr lioclbs, tjiudj tjby clsi rbvbcl fi sedfegeocft

heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjb quclety ig Olustbr 0 cfh ? sojiils. Ef pcrteoulcr, giur heggbrbft typbs ig

sojiils babrdb;

3. bletb cfh bxpbfsevb= c sacll driup ig sojiils gcll wbll efti tjes octbdiry.

0. bletb ùt coobsse`lb= sojiils ig tjes typb crb c aefirety caifd coobsse`lb sojiils ef

dbfbrcl, tjiudj fitc`lb ifbs bxest.

?. abheiorb cfh coobsse`lb= tjbrb es c lcrdb `csb ig suoj sojiils.

8. abheiorb ùt bxpbfsevb= c sacll fua`br ig suoj sojiils bxests tii, cs efheoctbh `y tjb

lifd uppbr-wjesmbr gir Olustbr 3 ef Gedurb 7.0.

Xjb stcrm heggbrbfob `btwbbf tjb rbsults jbrb cfh tjisb ef sboteif 8 suddbst tjct bletb sojiils crb

oifobftrctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs, tjiudj piir sojiils crb fit oifobftrctbh ef ojbcp

fbedjìrjiihs; tjbrb es ifly c wbcm oirrblcteif (liw r-vclub) `btwbbf cll sojiil rcfmefds cfh

wbedjtbh pripbrty preobs, ùt c vbry sedfegeocft heggbrbfob (liw p-vclub) `btwbbf tjb rcfmefds ig

tjb ?? Olustbr 3 sojiils cfh tjb rcfmefds ig tjb itjbr 324 sojiils. Xjb lcom ig cfy sedfegeocft

heggbrbfob ef sojiil quclety `btwbbf Olustbrs 0 cfh ? es oifsestbft wetj tjes pcttbrf.



??

7.0 _u`kbotevb scaplb ig bletb sojiils

Cs tjb hctc jeftbh ct c oifobftrcteif ig bletb sojiils ef Olustbr 3, c lest ig gegtbbf sojiils

su`kbotevbly kuhdbh ti `b bletb wbrb tjbf bxcaefbh cfh lioctbh caifd tjb olustbrs, cs sjiwf ef

Xc`lb 7.?.

5 ig tjb 32 sojiils ef tjb scaplb ig bletb sojiils wbrb sblbotbh `bocusb tjby iggbr tjb Degtbh

Bhuocteif ^ridrca (DB^). Cltjiudj ifly 8> ti 7> stuhbfts crb bfrillbh ef tjb DB^ pbr oijirt ef

bcoj ig tjb 5 sojiils, cfh cltjiudj chaesseifs ti tjb DB^ crb wjilly efhbpbfhbft ig tjb

^reacry Ifb Pbdestrcteif Bxbroesb, tjb gcot tjct c sojiil rufs tjb DB^ es cf efheoctir ig jedj

quclety bvbf gir tjb ackirety ig ets stuhbfts fit bfrillbh ef tjb DB^. Gerstly, sojiils crb sblbotbh

ti ruf tjb DB^ `y tjb AIB if tjb `cses ig sustcefbh irdcfezcteifcl oiaaetabft ti hblevbrefd

bxobllbft bhuocteifcl iutoiabs. _boifhly, fif-DB^ stuhbfts ef DB^ sojiils tbfh ti `bfbget

gria ivbrgliwefd gufhefd cfh rbsiurobs cllioctbh ti tjb DB^; gir efstcfob, bfreojabft pridrcas

ruf gir DB^ stuhbfts tbfh ti `b ipbf ti sblbotbh fif-DB^ stuhbfts cs wbll. 08

Xjb itjbr 7 sojiils wbrb sblbotbh gir tjber priaefbft ‚`rcfh fcabs―, tjbsb `rcfhs `befd cf

crduc`ly efhesputc`lb efheoctir ig quclety. Cll ig tjba jcvb c trcheteif ig bxobllbfob; tjby wbrb

cll sbt up ef tjb 35tj obftury ir bcrly 0>tj obftury `y Ojrestecf aesseifcrebs ir Ojefbsb

pjelcftjripests,02 rbfhbrefd tjba tjb sojiils ig ojieob gir tjb bletb ig oilifecl _efdcpirb. Xjbsb

jestirebs bfc`lbs tjba ti cttrcot prevctb hifcteifs gria cluafe, cggelectbh ojurojbs cfh cggelectbh

Ojefbsb olcfs, supplbabftefd divbrfabft gufhefd ‟ tjes caplegebs tjb eforbcsb ef bhuocteifcl

quclety cresefd gria tjber `rcfh fcabs. Airbivbr, cll ig tjba bxobpt Ce Xifd _ojiil crb

cggelectbh ti sboifhcry sojiils ig diih quclety ‟ AIB pileoy devbs stuhbfts ig tjbsb sojiils cf

chvcftcdb ef chaesseif ti tjber rbspbotevb cggelectbh sboifhcry sojiils, tjbrb`y devefd tjber

stuhbfts c jedjbr ojcfob ig suoobbhefd ef tjb trcomefd-eftbfsevb ^_LB systba (Tekbysefdjc,

35:5).07 Rlteactbly, tjbsb gcotirs devb tjbsb sojiils sedfegeocft pbhcdideo ocpetcl (_blvcrck,

08 _bb jttp;//www.aib.div.sd/bhuocteif/pridrcaabs/degtbh-bhuocteif-pridrcaab/dbp-sojiils/. 02 Gir efstcfob, CO_ cfh AD_ crb pcrt ig c gcaely ig sojiils stcrtbh ef _efdcpirb cfh Efhifbsec `y aesseifcrebs igtjb Abtjihest Ojuroj, _KE wcs bstc`lesjbh `y tjb Hb Lc _cllb @ritjbrs, cfh Ce Xifd wcs stcrtbh `y tjb _efdcpirbJimmebf Jucy Mucf olcf cssioecteif.07 _bb jttp;//www.aib.div.sd/bhuocteif/chaesseifs/sboifhcry-ifb-pistefd/ipteif-bxbroesb/oifsehbrcteifs/.

http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/programmes/gifted-education-programme/gep-schools/



http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/admissions/secondary-one-posting/option-exercise/considerations/







?8

0>33)= tjber bletb stctus, cfh ef pcrteoulcr tjber jestireocl trcheteifs, herbotly lbch ti `bttbr

bhuocteifs privehbh ct tjbsb sojiils.

C oiaplbtb lest ig tjbsb gegtbbf bletb sojiils, cfh tjber oirrbspifhefd olustbr fua`brs, es devbf ef

Xc`lb 7.?. Olbcrly, aist ig tjb `bst sojiils crb lioctbh ef olustbr 3.

Xc`lb 7.0? Lest ig su`kbotevbly bletb sojiils cfh tjber oirrbspifhefd olustbr fua`brs.

_ojiil typb _ojiil fcab Olustbr

DB^

_ojiils

Fcfycfd ^reacry _ojiil 3

Pisytj _ojiil 0

Xci Fcf _ojiil 3

_t Jelhc―s ^reacry _ojiil 0

Pcgglbs Derls― ^reacry _ojiil 3

Fcf Juc ^reacry _ojiil 3

Cfdli Ojefbsb _ojiil (^reacry) 3

Octjileo Jedj _ojiil 0

Jbfry ^crm ^reacry _ojiil 3

@rcfhbh

_ojiils

Cfdli Ojefbsb _ojiil (Kufeir) 3

_efdcpirb Ojefbsb Derls― ^reacry

_ojiil

3

Abtjihest Derls― (^reacry) 3

OJEK _t Feojilcs Derls― _ojiil 3

Ce Xifd _ojiil ?

_t Kisbpj's Efstetuteif Kufeir ?

Olustbr 3 es ivbrrbprbsbftbh ef tjes lest ig bletb preacry sojiils; 3> sojiils crb ef Olustbr 3, wjelb

ifly ? crb ef Olustbr 0 cfh 0 crb ef Olustbr ?. Gria Xc`lb 7.8, tjb 3> sojiils ef Olustbr 3

rbprbsbft claist c tjerh ig cll sojiils ef tjb Olustbr, wjelb tjb ? sojiils ef Olustbr 0 cfh 0

sojiils ef Olustbr ? rbprbsbft ifly ?% ig `itj olustbrs oia`efbh. Xjus, bletb sojiils oifstetutb c

su`stcftecl pirteif ig sojiils wetjef ifb meliabtbr ig bxpbfsevb pripbrtebs, wjelb tjby oifstetutb

c vbry sacll aefirety ig sojiils wetjef c meliabtbr ig cggirhc`lb pripbrtebs.



?2

Xc`lb 7.08 Hestre`uteif ig su`kbotevbly bletb sojiils coriss olustbrs.

% DB^ sojiils % @rcfhbh sojiils % Cll bletb sojiils

Olustbr 3 3:.3: 30.30 ?>.?>

Olustbr 0 ?.?? >.>> ?.??

Olustbr ? >.>> ?.23 ?.23



?7

7.? _ojiil pbrgiracfob ivbr teab

Gedurb 7.2 sjiws tjb abcf rcfm ig sojiils ef bcoj Olustbr gir bcoj ybcr `btwbbf 0>>5 cfh 0>38,

wjbrb c liwbr rcfm hbfitbs c rblctevbly `bttbr sojiil. Oifsestbft wetj tjb jypitjbses, Olustbr 3

sojiils pbrgirabh sedfegeocftly `bttbr tjcf sojiils ef Olustbr 0 cfh ?, cltjiudj sojiils ef tjb

lcttbr twi Olustbrs pbrgirabh seaelcrly. Ifob cdcef, tjes piefts tiwcrhs c oifobftrcteif ig bletb

sojiils wetjef tjb sacll Olustbr 3 (ifly ?? iut ig 35> sojiils), cfh c oirrbspifhefdly heggusb

hestre`uteif coriss tjb itjbr twi olustbrs.

Gedurb 7.2 clsi chhs c tbapircl heabfseif ti tjb gefhefds ef sboteifs 7.3 cfh 7.0. Ivbr tjb 2-ybcr

pbreih, tjb pbrgiracfob ig Olustbr 3 cfh 0 sojiils jcvb eaprivbh sledjtly. Ef oiftrcst, wjelb tjb

pbrgiracfob ig Olustbr ? sojiils jcvb wirsbfbh, cl`bet sledjtly wetj gluotucteifs. Ef pcrteoulcr,

tjb oifstcftly eaprivefd sojiils gurtjbr pieft ti tjb bxestbfob ig bletb sojiils wetjef tjes olustbr=

tjb hespcrety `btwbbf bletb cfh fif-bletb sojiils es fit ifly bfhurefd, `ut clsi eforbcsefd. Xjct

sceh, cs oiapcrefd rcfmefds `btwbbf ybcrs acy fit `b rblec`lb, tjb heggbrbfobs ivbr teab acy

fit `b sedfegeocft.

G edurb 7.?2 Xjb cvbrcdb cffucl rcfms ig sojiils ef bcoj olustbr `btwbbf 0>>5 cfh 0>38,

efolusevb.

>

0>

8>

7>

:>

3>>

30>

0>>5 0>3> 0>33 0>30 0>3? 0>38

_ojiil Pcfms `y Ubcr

Olustbr 3 Olustbr 0 Olustbr ?



?4

7.8 ^jcsb 0C Xcmb up Pctb

_boteifs 7.3 ti 7.? jcvb hbaifstrctbh tjb acfegbst oifobftrcteif ig bletb sojiils ef bxpbfsevb

fbedjìrjiihs. _boteifs 7.8 ti 7.7 well di if ti ellustrctb tjb eapcot tjes jcs if tjb `richbr

priobss ig preacry sojiil chaesseifs.

Gerst, tjes pcpbr gefhs tjct tjb sojiils wjbrb aist cvcelc`lb plcobs crb gellbh up `y cppleocfts

wji `blifd ti preirety driups crb oifobftrctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs. _ojiil-spboegeo hctc

gir 0>32 oillbotbh gria AIB prbss rblbcsbs04 wcs oiapcrbh wetj tjb olustbrefd rbsults,

hbaifstrctefd tjct bletb sojiils wbrb fit ifly ef tjb aist bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs, ùt clsi tjb

lbcst coobsse`lb ti cppleocfts iutsehb preirety driups.

Cs bxplcefbh ef sboteif 3.3.0, cppleocfts wjisb se`lefds crb ourrbft stuhbfts, ir wjisb pcrbfts

crb cluafe ir sojiil acfcdbabft, crb devbf preirety chaesseif ef ^jcsbs 3 cfh 0C. Xjb tcmb-up-

rctb (XRP) ct tjb bfh ig pjcsb 0C ct c devbf sojiil es tjbf c pbrobftcdb ig tjb titcl cvcelc`lb ct

tjb sojiil, cs gilliws;

XRP 1

Ô %

Xjus, tjb jedjbr tjb XRP gir devbf sojiil, tjb airb heggeoult et es ti dbt ef wetjiut preir gcaely

oiffboteifs ti tjb sojiil. Gria Xc`lb 7.7, tjb XRP ct tjb cvbrcdb Olustbr 3 sojiil es 2:.5%,

wjelb tjb XRP es auoj liwbr ct 83.0% cfh 80.3% gir olustbrs 0 cfh ? rbspbotevbly.

C Mrusmcl-Tclles tbst wcs oifhuotbh ti hbtbraefb tjb bxtbft ti wjeoj tjb heggbrbfobs `btwbbf

tjb abcf XRPs `btwbbf olustbrs crb stctesteoclly sedfegeocft, wetj tjb full jypitjbses tjct tjb

tjrbb abcfs crb tjb scab. Xjb rbsults ig tjct cfclyses, τ 0(0) 1 35.7, p < .>>3, efheoctbh tjct tjbsb

heggbrbfob crb suggeoebftly sedfegeocft ct ìtj tjb 2% cfh 3% lbvbls gir tjb full jypitjbses ti `b

rbkbotbh. îst-jio Acff-Tjetfby tbsts efheoctbh sedfegeocft heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjb abcfs ig

04 Xjb hctc wbrb oiapelbh cfh es oipyredjt ig eEfsperb ^tb Lth, cfh wbrb coobssbh ct `y mecsupcrbfts.oia, cfhcoobssbh ct jttp;//www.mecsupcrbfts.oia/mecsu/bvbft/0>32-p3-rbdestrcteif-pjcsb-0c0.

http://www.kiasuparents.com/kiasu/event/2015-p1-registration-phase-2a2






?:

Olustbrs 3 cfh 0 (p < .>>3, r 1 >.88) cfh `btwbbf tjb abcfs ig Olustbrs 3 cfh ? (p < .>>3, r 1

>.80). Jiwbvbr, tjb abcf rcfms ig Olustbr 0 cfh ? heh fit heggbr sedfegeocftly, p 1 >.03, r 1 >.>?.

Lembwesb, tjb ìx plit ef Gedurb 7.4 clsi rbvbcls fi su`stcftecl heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjb abhecf

XRPs `btwbbf olustbrs, tjiudj tjb uppbr-qucrtelb XRP gir Olustbr 3 es cpprboec`ly jedjbr tjcf

tjisb ig Olustbrs 0 cfh ? (`y 0> cfh 34 pbrobftcdb piefts rbspbotevbly). _tell, tjb uppbr wjesmbrs

gir Olustbrs 0 (02 p.p.) cfh ? (00 p.p.) crb oifsehbrc`ly jedjbr tjcf tjct ig Olustbr 3 (37 p.p.),

cfh Olustbrs 0 cfh ? jcvb sbvbrcl priaefbft iutlebrs

Xc`lb 7.7 Liwbst, jedjbst, cfh cvbrcdb Xcmb-Rp Pctb ct tjb bfh ig ^jcsb 0C ig sojiils ef bcoj

olustbr.

Liwbst XRP (%) Cvbrcdb XRP (%) Jedjbst XRP (%) _H

Olustbr 3 03.> (Cfdscfc ^reacry) 2:.5 5>.> (Fcfycfd ^reacry) 3:.>

Olustbr 0 >.> (sbvbrcl) 83.0 :8.> (Pulcfd ^reacry) 37.>

Olustbr ? >.> (Jifd Mcj ^reacry) 80.3 ::.> (Ce Xifd) 32.5

Gedurb 7.4 hesplcys oifsestbfoy wetj tjb trbfh gir Olustbr 3 sojiils ti stcfh iut acrmbhly gria

sojiils ef tjb itjbr twi olustbrs, wjelb sojiils ef Olustbr 0 cfh ? jcvb seaelcr prigelbs, ìtj ef

tbras ig sojiil quclety cfh ^jcsb 0C XRP. Xjbrb crb su`stcftecl heggbrbfobs (ig 32 ti 37

pbrobftcdb piefts) `btwbbf tjb abhecf XRPs ig Olustbr 3 cs oiapcrbh ti tjb itjbr olustbrs. Xjb

abhecfs ig Olustbrs 0 cfh ? crb claist bqucl ti tjb liwbr qucrtelb ig Olustbr 3, cfh tjb uppbr

qucrtelb ig Olustbr 3 bxobbhs tjisb ig tjb itjbr twi olustbrs `y 0? ti 02 p.p.

Xjes eaplebs tjct bletb sojiils crb fit kust oifobftrctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs, ùt clsi

heggeoult ti dbt efti wetjiut gcaely oiffboteifs ti tjb sojiil= ti dbt ef, cf cppleocft―s pcrbfts

aust betjbr `b wbcltjy, wbll-oiffbotbh, ir ìtj. Xjb oiaèfcteif ig tjb jiab-sojiil hestcfob

wetj tjb prbgbrbfob devbf ti preirety driups orbctbs c hiu`lb-lcybr sioei-boifiaeo `crrebr ti

bftry ti bletb sojiils.



?5

G edurb 7.4 @ix-plit ellustrctefd tjb hestre`uteif ig Xcmb-Rp Pctbs ct tjb bfh ig ^jcsb 0C wetjef

olustbrs. Xjb plus-sedf (+) acrms tjb vclub ig tjb abcf vclub gir bcoj olustbr.



8>

7.2 Pblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob ti cppleocteif priobss

Fbxt, tjes pcpbr gefhs tjct tjb sojiils ct wjeoj jiab-sojiil hestcfob acttbrs tjb aist ef dcefefd

chaesseif crb oifobftrctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedj`irjiihs. Ef AIB―s clliocteif systba (hbsore`bh

ef sboteif 3.3.0), jiab-sojiil hestcfob cppbcrs ti jcvb ifly tbrtecry sedfegeocfob cs c gcotir ef

dcefefd chaesseif ti c devbf preacry sojiil, cs et es oifsehbrbh ifly cgtbr aba`brsjep ef preirety

driups cfh oetezbfsjep. Xjus, jiab-sojiil hestcfob es lembly ti acttbr ti heggbrbft bxtbfts ef

sbourefd chaesseif ct heggbrbft sojiils, hbpbfhefd if tjb acdfetuhb cfh oiapiseteif ig hbacfh

gir c devbf sojiil.

_ojiils wbrb rcfmbh `y tjb rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob ef sbourefd chaesseif, `y

ehbftegyefd wjeoj pjcsb0: `cllitefd wcs rbquerbh ct.05 C soirb ig 3 ti 32 wcs cssedfbh ti bcoj

sojiil,?> `csbh if tjb gilliwefd lideo;

3. Xjb bcrlebr tjb pjcsb wjbrb `cllitefd es rbquerbh, tjb airb oiapbtetevb tjb sojiil es.

0. Xjb sacllbr tjb hestcfob tjct `cllitefd es rbquerbh gir, tjb airb oiapbtetevb tjb sojiil es.

Xjes es hub ti tjb gcot tjct cppleocfts wetjef 3 ma crb devbf preirety si tjb prbsbfob ig

`cllitefd wetjef 3 ma efheoctbh lcrdb sedfegeocft cppleocteif.

?. Xjb prbsbfob ig `cllitefd gir oetezbfs eaplebs tjct c sojiil es airb oiapbtetevb sefob

oetezbfs crb clrbchy devbf preirety ivbr ^Ps.

Bvbry acrdefcl pieft rbprbsbfts c hesoiftefuius ojcfdb ef tjb rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob

cs c gcotir ef dcefefd chaesseif efti tjct sojiil; tjb jedjbr tjb fua`br ig piefts cssedfbh ti c

devbf sojiil, tjb drbctbr tjb fua`br pbiplb wji wbrb hesoreaefctbh cdcefst if tjb `cses ig

jiab-sojiil hestcfob, cfh tjb drbctbr tjb hesoiftefuety ef chaesseif pri`c`elety `btwbbf tjb

hestcfob octbdirebs (<3ma, 3-0ma, cfh 60ma). Xc`lb 7.: hbtcels tjb abtjih wetj wjeoj soirbs

wbrb cssedfbh ti sojiils.

0: Xjb hctc wbrb oiapelbh `y cfh es oipyredjt ig eEfsperb ^tb Lth, cfh wbrb coobssbh ctjttp;//www.mecsupcrbfts.oia/mecsu/bvbft/0>38-p3-rbdestrcteif-pjcsb-0o. 05 @cllitefd, cs bxplcefbh ef sboteif 3.3.3, tcmbs plcobs wjbf, cgtbr hesoreaefcteif `y aba`brsjep ef preirety driups,oetezbfsjep, cfh jiab-sojiil hestcfob, cppleocfts stell iutfua`br rbacefefd cvcelc`lb plcobs.?> Xjb lest ig sojiils wetj tjber cssioectbh rcfmefds gria >-32 es efoluhbh ef tjb cppbfhex, sboteif 3>.?.

http://www.kiasuparents.com/kiasu/event/2014-p1-registration-phase-2c





83

Xc`lb 7.: Abtjihilidy gir cssedfefd soirbs gria > ti 32 ti sojiils `csbh if tjb bxtbft ti wjeoj

jiab-sojiil hestcfob es rblbvcft cs c gcotir ef dcefefd suoobssgul chaesseif= c jedjbr soirbhbfitbs drbctbr rblbvcfob.

Octbdiry

Oirrbspifhefd

soirb^jcsb Oiapbtetevbfbss

0C @cllitefd gir _O 60ma 32

0@ @cllitefd gir _O <3ma 38

@cllitefd gir _O 3-0ma 3?

@cllitefd gir _O 60ma 30

@cllitefd gir ^P <3ma 33

0O @cllitefd gir _O <3ma 3>

Out-igg gir _O <3ma 5

@cllitefd gir _O 3-0ma :

@cllitefd gir _O 60ma 4

Out-igg gir cll _Os 7

@cllitefd gir ^P <3ma 2

@cllitefd gir ^P 3-0ma 8

@cllitefd gir ^P 60ma ?

Out-igg girCll _Os &^Ps 0

0O

_upplbabftcry Bxobss hbacfh 3

? Bxobss hbacfh >



80

Xc`lb 7.5 Liwbst, jedjbst cfh cvbrcdb soirbs gir tjb rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob ti

chaesseif gir sojiils ef bcoj olustbr.

Lbcst eapirtcft Cvbrcdb eapirtcfob Aist eapirtcft _H

Olustbr 3 > 4.2: 32.>> 2.8?

Olustbr 0 > ?.72 38.>> 8.22

Olustbr ? > 8.>4 32.>> 8.45

Xc`lb 7.5 sjiws tjct, hbspetb tjb liw preirety cppcrbftly devbf ti jiab-sojiil hestcfob ef

AIB―s clliocteif systba, tjb rbclety es tjct et es oruoecl gir chaesseif ct Olustbr 3 sojiils. C

Mrusmcl-Tclles tbst wcs oifhuotbh ti hbtbraefb tjb bxtbft ti wjeoj tjb heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjb

abcf rblbvcfob soirbs `btwbbf olustbrs crb stctesteoclly sedfegeocft, wetj tjb full jypitjbses tjct

tjb tjrbb abcfs crb tjb scab. Xjb rbsults ig tjct cfclyses, τ 0(0) 1 38.7, p 1 .>>>8, efheoctbh tjct

tjbsb heggbrbfob crb suggeoebftly sedfegeocft ct ìtj tjb 2% cfh 3% lbvbls gir tjb full jypitjbses

ti `b rbkbotbh. îst-jio Acff-Tjetfby tbsts efheoctbh sedfegeocft heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjb abcfs

ig Olustbrs 3 cfh 0 (p < .>>3, r 1 >.?:) cfh `btwbbf tjb abcfs ig Olustbrs 3 cfh ? (p 1 .>>0, r 1

>.??). Jiwbvbr, tjb abcf rcfms ig Olustbr 0 cfh ? heh fit heggbr sedfegeocftly, p 1 >.35, r 1 >.>2.

Ct tjb cvbrcdb sojiil ef Olustbr 3, tjb abcf vclub ig 4.2: eaplebs tjct rbsehefd wetjef 3ma ig

tjb sojiil ducrcftbbh chaesseif, ùt rbsehefd `btwbbf 3ma cfh 0ma heh fit ‟ cppleocfts ef

tjbsb hestcfob octbdirebs wbrb su`kbot ti sblboteif `y `cllitefd. Ct tjb 07 sojiils wetj 33 piefts

ir airb, ìtj aba`brsjep ef preirety driups cfh rbsehbfob wetjef 0ma ig tjbsb sojiils heh fit

ducrcftbb chaesseif gir bvbryifb. Cf eftbfsb lbvbl ig oiapbteteif gir chaesseif ti tjbsb sojiils

es prihuobh `y tjb hespripirteifctb chvcftcdb dbfbrctbh `y levefd wetjef 3ma ig tjb sojiil. Xjes

rbfhbrs plcuse`lb tjb cfbohitclly wbll-mfiwf trbfh ig wbll-jbblbh yiufd oiuplbs purojcsefd cfh

aivefd efti pripbrty wetjef 3ma bletb sojiils cs cf chaesseif strctbdy.



8?

Xjus, eg jiab-sojiil hestcfob hibs fit jcvb c sedfegeocft efglubfob if lemblejiih ig chaesseif ct

c devbf sojiil, tjbf tjct sojiil es lembly ti `b c liwbr-rcfmbh, lbss-pipulcr, abheiorb sojiil. Ct

suoj sojiils, betjbr supply ig plcobs iutstreps hbacfh, ir hbacfh ifly iutstreps supply ti tjb

bxtbft tjct hesoreaefcteif ig cppleocfts ifly fbbhs ti tcmb plcob if tjb `cses ig oetezbfsjep.



88

7.7 îpulcrety ig sojiil

Gefclly, tjes pcpbr gefhs tjct aist pipulcr sojiils crb oifobftrctbh ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs.

Xi cfclyzb jiw pipulcr c sojiil es, AIB hctc?3 cìut tjb spits rbsbrvbh cfh tjb fua`br ig

cppleocteifs gir pjcsb 0 wcs actojbh ti tjb rbsults ig tjb olustbr cfclyses.?0

Ct bcoj pjcsb, tjb gilliwefd giraulc ocloulctbs tjb hbgeoet ef spits gir tjct pcrteoulcr pjcsb.

Hbgeoet 1 Fua`br ig vcocfoebs ‟ Fua`br ig cppleocfts

Xjus, tjb ivbrcll heggbrbfob `btwbbf fua`br ig cppleocfts cfh fua`br ig cvcelc`lb plcobs oiulh

`b hbhuobh gir bcoj sojiil. Ef Xc`lb 7.3>, lcrdb fbdctevb fua`br hbfitbs c jbcvely

ivbrsu`sore`bh sojiil, wjelb c lcrdb pisetevb fua`br hbfitbs c jbcvely ufhbrsu`sore`bh sojiil

wcs jbcvely ufhbrsu`sore`bh.

Xc`lb 7.3> Lcrdbst hbgeoet, lcrdbst surplus, cfh cvbrcdb hbgeoet/surplus ef bcoj olustbr= c sojiil

ef hbgeoet es ivbrsu`sore`bh cfh tjus pipulcr, wjelb c sojiil ef surplus es ufhbrsu`sore`bh.

Lcrdbst hbgeoet Cvbrcdb hbgeoet/surplus Lcrdbst surplus _H

Olustbr 3 -22 (Gcergeblh Abtjihest) -30.> 57 (Cfdscfc) ?3.3

Olustbr 0 -:? (Pisytj) 05.2 30? (Oircl) 87.4

Olustbr ? -3?3 (Fcf Ojecu) 3:.4 323 (Kuyefd) 20.7

?3 Xjb hctc wbrb oiapelbh `y cfh es oipyredjt ig Bacft ^tb Lth, cfh wbrb coobssbh ctjttp;//www.bletb.oia.sd/pjcsb0O-supp-vcocfoy-0>>5.pcdb. ?0 C oiaplbtb `rbcmhiwf ig tjb fua`br sojiil plcobs cfh cppleocteifs `y pjcsbs es efoluhbh ef tjb cppbfhex,sboteif 5.?.

http://www.elite.com.sg/phase2C-supp-vacancy-2009.page





82

Xc`lb 7.3> sjiws tjct tjb cvbrcdb Olustbr 3 sojiil es ivbrsu`sore`bh `y 30 plcobs, wjelb tjb

cvbrcdb Olustbr 0 cfh ? sojiil es ufhbrsu`sore`bh `y `btwbbf 35 cfh ?> plcobs, iut ig `btwbbf

04> cfh ?>> plcobs cvcelc`lb ct aist sojiils. C Mrusmcl-Tclles tbst wcs oifhuotbh ti hbtbraefb

tjb bxtbft ti wjeoj tjb heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjb abcf hbgeoets/surplusbs `btwbbf olustbrs crbstctesteoclly sedfegeocft, wetj tjb full jypitjbses tjct tjb tjrbb abcfs crb tjb scab. Xjb rbsults ig

tjct cfclyses, τ 0(0) 1 02.0, p < .>>3, efheoctbh tjct tjbsb heggbrbfob crb suggeoebftly sedfegeocft ct

ìtj tjb 2% cfh 3% lbvbls gir tjb full jypitjbses ti `b rbkbotbh. îst-jio Acff-Tjetfby tbsts

efheoctbh sedfegeocft heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjb abcfs ig Olustbrs 3 cfh 0 (p < .>>3, r 1 >.8?) cfh

`btwbbf tjb abcfs ig Olustbrs 3 cfh ? (p 1 .>>>?, r 1 >.?0). Jiwbvbr, tjb abcf rcfms ig Olustbr

0 cfh ? heh fit heggbr sedfegeocftly, p 1 >.>22, r 1 >.33.

Jcvefd clrbchy bstc`lesjbh tjct bletb sojiils crb oifobftrctbh ef Olustbr 3, et ocf tjbf `b hbhuobhtjct bletb sojiils tbfh ti `b acrmbhly airb oiapbtetevb ti dbt efti tjcf abheiorb sojiils. Ifob

cdcef, tjb efbquety ig tjb systba es cppcrbft; c pcrbft levefd ef c Olustbr 3 jiab acy

suoobssgully bfrill jes ojelh ef c wirsb sojiil `bocusb tjby crb ufhbrsu`sore`bh, ùt tjb efvbrsb

ocffit tcmb plcob `bocusb c pcrbft levefd ef c Olustbr ? pripbrty es uflembly ti stcfh c ojcfob ct

cf ivbrsu`sore`bh Olustbr 3 bletb sojiil.

Xjct sceh, tjes cfclyses clsi rbvbcls iutlebrs; tjb sojiil wetj tjb lcrdbst hbgeoet, Fcf Ojecu

^reacry, lebs ef Olustbr ?. Fbvbrtjblbss, Fcf Ojecu―s lcrdb hbgeoet acy clsi jeft ct c hbcrtj igcltbrfctevb bletb sojiils ef ets crbc, wjeoj es oifsestbft wetj tjb fif-rboepriocl efbquety hbsore`bh

prbveiusly. Ef gcot, Fcf Ojecu es rcfmbh rblctevbly jedjly ct 84.5>, wjeoj es auoj jedjbr tjcf tjb

cvbrcdb sojiil rcfm ef Olustbr ?, 58.3. Airbivbr, Gedurb 7.33 rbvbcls tjct fbcrly cll sojiils ef

Olustbr 3 wbrb ivbrsu`sore`bh, oiapcrbh wetj gcerly wehb hestreùteifs ig ivbr- cfh ufhbr-

su`sore`bh sojiils coriss Olustbrs 0 cfh ?.



87

G edurb 7.33 Hestre`uteif ig pipulcrety wetjef olustbrs= ivbrsu`sore`bh, pipulcr sojiils crb

rbprbsbftbh `y hctc piefts `bliw tjb jireziftcl lefb.



84

4 Oifoluseif

Ivbrcll, tjb hctc oifsestbftly pieft tiwcrhs c oifobftrcteif ig tjb `bst-pbrgiraefd preacry

sojiils ef Olustbr 3. Olustbr 3 oifsestbftly cfh sedfegeocftly stcfhs iut gria Olustbrs 0 cfh ?,bvbf ct tjb 3% lbvbl ig sedfegeocfob, if giur abcsurbs;

3. sojiil rcfmefd=

0. ^jcsb 0C Xcmb-Rp Pctb=

?. rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob ti chaesseif= cfh

8. sojiil pipulcrety.

Ef chheteif, c su`kbotevb scaplb ig sojiils ig iutstcfhefd quclety es clsi giufh ti iredefctb

lcrdbly gria Olustbr 3. Abcfwjelb, tjbrb crb fi sedfegeocft heggbrbfobs `btwbbf tjbsb lcttbr twi

olustbrs if cfy ig tjbsb abcsurbs.

Xjb ivbrcll peoturb tjct babrdbs es ifb ef wjeoj tjb ?? Olustbr 3 sojiil heggbr acrmbhly gria tjb

rbacefefd 324 sojiils ef tjrbb wcys; tjby crb bletb, bxpbfsevb, cfh efcoobsse`lb.

Olustbr 3 sojiils crb fit ifly `bttbr sojiils pbr sb, ùt clsi vcstly airb heggeoult ti dbt efti gir

stuhbfts wjisb pcrbfts lcom betjbr wbcltj, oiffboteifs, ir ìtj. Chaesseifs ct tjbsb sojiils es

sedfegeocftly airb oiapbtetevb; jiab-sojiil hestcfob `boiabs aist oruoecl ti acxeaezefd

ojcfobs ig chaesseif, cs preirety driups tcmb up aist ig tjb cvcelc`lb plcobs. Xjes es oifsestbft

wetj tjb jypitjbses tjct tjb liocteifs ig tjbsb sojiils ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs, oiaèfbh

wetj tjb preirety devbf ti jiab-sojiil hestcfob ef chaesseifs, rbprbsbfts c sioei boifiaeo

`crrebr tjct jefhbrs ufhbrprevelbdbh ojelhrbf gria suoobbhefd ef tjb bhuocteif systba.

Cs suoj, tjb hctc tbstegy ti tjb sedfegeocfob ig tjb dcp ‟ `btwbbf c aefirety ig bxpbfsevb, ‚bletb―

sojiils cfh c ackirety ig coobsse`lb ùt ufbxobpteifcl ‚fbedjìrjiih― sojiils ‟ tjct es

bftrbfojbh ef pu`leo pbrobpteif cfh wcs jeftbh ct `y tjb girabr bhuocteif aefestbr―s ‚jbcrtlcfh―

rbacrm (sbb sboteif 3.0). Xjes dcp bxests hbspetb tjb stcfhcrhezcteif ig sojiil gbbs coriss

sojiils, bggbotevbly cotefd cs cf efvese`lb, gefcfoecl `crrebr ti bftry ti ‚bletb― sojiils gir stuhbfts

gria bvbf cvbrcdb jiusbjilhs.



8:

Xi `b surb, sojiils ef Olustbrs 0 cfh ? crb lcrdbly seaelcr ti bcoj itjbr ef tbras ig `itj sojiil

quclety cfh chaesseifs oiapbtetevbfbss. Jiwbvbr, tjes abcfs tjct tjb `bfbgets ig tjb efbquclety-

dbfbrctefd systba tjct es tjb ^reacry Ifb Pbdestrcteif Bxbroesb coorub hespripirteifctbly ti c

sacll, prevelbdbh aefirety. Xjb bletb ojcrcotbr ig tjb Olustbr 3 sojiils piefts tiwcrhs cstrctegeocteif ef preacry sojiils tjct aerrirs cs wbll cs gbbhs efti tjb strctegeocteif ig wbcltj cfh

ippirtufety coriss tjb rbst ig sioebty.



85

: Hesousseif

Jbrb, wb oifsehbr tjb eapleocteifs ig iur gefhefds, wjelb rboidfezefd leaetcteifs ti tjber

coourcoy, rblecèlety cfh rblbvcfob.

:.3 Leaetcteifs

Gerst, wb oifsehbr leaetcteifs ti tjb hctc usbh ef tjes pcpbr. Tjelb ets usb ig AIB cwcrhs ti

efheoctb sojiil quclety oiftrils gir c pisse`lb oirrblcteif, obtbres pcreùs, `btwbbf gcaely wbcltj

cfh sojiil pbrgiracfob, tjb sojiil rcfmefd hctc acy `b eaprivbh `y ocpturefd twi airb

vcrec`lbs; cddrbdctb ^_LB soirbs ig stuhbfts, stuhbfts― ojcfobs ig bftry efti tip sboifhcry

sojiils, cfh bvbf guturb bapliyabft rctbs, tbrtecry bhuocteif drchucteif rctbs, cfh guturb

bcrfefds. Xjes ocf clliw tjb abcsurbabft ig sojiils `y tjber suoobss ct prbpcrefd tjber stuhbfts

gir tjb trcomefd systba ef tjb sjirt ruf cfh bapliyabft prispbots ef tjb lifd ruf.

Xjb itjbr acef hctc usbh ocpturbh pripbrty preobs= wetj sex hctc piefts gir bcoj sojiil, tjb

oiaprbjbfsevbfbss ig tjb hctc crduc`ly cssurbh c lcrdb hbdrbb ig coourcoy. Xjct sceh, tjb

ocloulcteif ig c wbedjtbh-cvbrcdb pripbrty vclub gir bcoj sojiil iut ig tjb sex hctc piefts,

wbedjtbh cooirhefd ti tjb fcteifcl hestreùteif ig pripbrty typbs, acy fit jcvb rbglbotbh liocl

hestreùteifs ef siab bxobpteifcl ocsbs. Cltjiudj tjb hctc ocpturbh tjb lcom ig obrtcef pripbrty

typbs fbcr siab sojiils oiulh ocpturb liocl hestreùteifs ef c rblctevbly `luft acffbr, c

systbacteo survby ig pripbrty fbcr bcoj sojiil sjiulh `b hifb gir c pbrgbot hctcsbt.

Xjb sboifh lcybr ig leaetcteifs crisb ef tjb cfclyses ig tjb hctc. Iaettbh vcrec`lb ècs wcs

lcrdbly cviehbh hub ti pripbrtebs ufequb ti tjb hctc (sbb sboteif ?.3). Jiwbvbr, cssedfefd liwbr

cfh uppbr ìufhs gir bcoj sojiil―s jiusb preobs (cs bxplcefbh ef sboteif 2.0) pisse`ly rbfhbrbh

tjb olustbr cfclyses sbfsetevb ti iutlebrs. Gir efstcfob, wjbf sojiils jch ifly ifb typb ig jiusefd

(iut ig tjrbb) wetjef c ifb-meliabtbr rcheus, tjb liwbr-ìufh, uppbr-ìufh cfh wbedjtbh preobs

wbrb cll smbwbh tiwcrhs tjb sefdlb vclub prbsbft ef tjb hctc. Fbvbrtjblbss, olustbrefd wcs lcrdbly

c`lb ti saiitjbf iut tjb cfiaclebs. Tjelb tjbrb wbrb iutlebrs, tjbsb wbrb acefly tjb gbw

sojiils tjct crb piirly rcfmbh ùt lioctbh ef bxobpteifclly bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs, suoj cs tjb

obftrclly-lioctbh Ocftifabft ^reacry _ojiil.



2>

Xjb ojieob ig m-abcfs olustbrefd (`bocusb ig ets bggeoebfoy cfh uèquety ‟ sbb sboteif 2.0) ivbr

itjbr olustbrefd abtjihs crduc`ly efglubfobh tjb acdfetuhb ùt fit tjb herboteif ig tjes pcpbr―s

gefhefds. Cddliabrctevb jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd,?? gir efstcfob, es cf cltbrfctevb cldiretja tjct

ocf `b usbh ti vbregy tjb olustbrefd hifb usefd m abcfs cldiretja. Puffefd tjb jebrcrojeoclolustbrefd cldiretja if tjb hctcsbt prihuobh rbsults oifsestbft wetj tjisb resefd gria m-abcfs

olustbrefd, ùt sjiwefd cf bxcddbrctbh oifobftrcteif ig diih sojiils ef bxpbfsevb

fbedjìrjiihs. Xjes suddbsts tjct tjb acdfetuhbs ig tjb gefhefds ef tjes pcpbr wbrb, ti c sacll

bxtbft, c gufoteif ig hboeseifs tcmbf if jiw ti cfclyzb tjb hctc, cltjiudj tjb herboteif eaplebh

`y tjbsb gefhefds es lembly ti `b oifsestbft cfh efhbpbfhbft ig tjb cfclyses abtjihilidy.

_boteifs 5.2 cfh 5.7 ef tjb cppbfhex devb c olisbr cfclyses ig tjb rbsults ig jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd

efoluhefd tjb cssioectbh olustbr cfclyses rbsults, tc`lbs cfh oifoluseifs.

Gefclly, twi cssuapteifs achb ef tjes pcpbr aust `b oifsehbrbh. Xjes pcpbr gefhs prefoepclly tjct

Olustbr 3 sojiils crb rcfmbh sedfegeocftly `bttbr tjcf itjbr sojiils. Xjb gerst cssuapteif

ufhbrlyefd tjes i`sbrvcteif es tjct pripbrty preobs crb efhbpbfhbft ig sojiil quclety. Xjb

plcuseèlety ig tjes cssuapteif wcs bstc`lesjbh ef sboteif 0; Tifd (0>33) oifvefoefdly

hbaifstrctbs tjct bletb sojiils ifly hrevb up tjb preobs ig pripbrtebs wetjef ifb meliabtbr `y

3.:%. Xjes es c acrdef tii sacll ti bxplcef tjb auoj lcrdbr heggbrbfobs ef pripbrty preobs

`btwbbf sojiils; ef sboteif 8.0, tjb pripbrty preobs gir bletb sojiils wbrb chkustbh hiwf `y tjes

acrdef wetj fi sedfegeocft eapcot if tjb herboteif ir bvbf tjb acdfetuhb ig tjb rbsults. Pctjbr,

bxidbfius gcotirs (typeoclly prixeaety ti hiwftiwf _efdcpirb) plcuse`ly bxplcef tjes

heggbrbfob.

Xjb sboifh cssuapteif es tjb rbvbrsb, tjct c sojiil―s quclety es efhbpbfhbft ig tjb sioei-

boifiaeo prigelb ig ets stuhbfts. Ef itjbr wirhs, tjes pcpbr―s gefhefds crb errblbvcft eg c wbcltjy

stuhbft ìhy bfc`lbs c sojiil ti hblevbr c jedjbr-quclety bhuocteif; ef tjct ocsb, sojiil quclety

?? Cddliabrctevb olustbrefd rbgbrs ti stcrtefd gria sefdlbtif olustbrs cfh abrdefd tjba uftel tjb hbserbh fua`br igolustbrs crb rbcojbh, ef oiftrcst ti hevesevb olustbrefd, wjbrb et `bdefs wetj ifb olustbr cfh splets ioour tell tjbhbserbh fua`br ig olustbrs crb rbcojbh. Xjus, ef cddliabrctevb jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd, bcoj pieft es gerst cssedfbh etsiwf sefdlbtif olustbr. Xjb hestcfobs `btwbbf obftriehs ig heggbrbft olustbrs crb oiapcrbh, cfh olustbrs olisb ti bcojitjbr crb abrdbh, rbpbctbhly uftel c hbserbh fua`br ig olustbrs es crrevbh ct.



23

wiulh lcrdbly `b c gufoteif ig fbcr`y pripbrty preobs. Jiwbvbr, cs hesoussbh ef sboteif ?.3, tjb

fcturb ig iur hctcsbt lcrdbly oiftrils gir tjes pisseèlety. Xjb AIB cwcrhs hi fit abcsurb

stuhbft pbrgiracfob herbotly, `bocusb suoj abcsurbabfts wiulh `b hestirtbh `y tjb pisseèlety

tjct tjb ojelhrbf ig tjb wbcltjy tbfh ti hi `bttbr ef sojiil rbdcrhlbss ig jiw diih c sojiil tjbycttbfh. Xjes es ef gcot jedjly lembly; devbf tjb hiaefcfob ig tjb ‚pcrbftiorcoy― (sbb sboteif 3.0),

reoj _efdcpirbcf ojelhrbf crb lembly ti `b diih stuhbfts. Efstbch, tjby abcsurb tjb quclety ig

sojiils― priobssbs efhbpbfhbft ig tjb iutoiabs tjby hblevbr.

Fbvbrtjblbss, et es pisse`lb tjct tjb suppirt ig wbcltjy pcrbfts hibs eaprivb c sojiil―s priobssbs

cfh fit kust ets iutoiabs. @ut eg tjct es tjb ocsb, tjes pcpbr―s gefhefds crb ifly cll tjb airb

eapirtcft; ojelhrbf ig wbcltjy pcrbfts sjiulh `b hestreùtbh coriss sojiils ef tjb eftbrbsts ig

bquety, rctjbr tjcf oifobftrctbh ef c gbw sojiils clifd wetj itjbr, seaelcr ojelhrbf.

:.0 Gurtjbr rbsbcroj

Gerstly, gurtjbr rbsbcroj ocf tbst tjb coourcoy ig tjb gefhefds ‟ cfh ef pcrteoulcr, tjb acdfetuhb ig

obrtcefty ig tjbsb gefhefds ‟ `y usefd heggbrbft hctcsbts cfh abtjihs ig hctc cfclyses. Ef

pcrteoulcr, stuhbfts― ^_LB soirbs cfh stctesteos if chaesseif ti sboifhcry sojiils ocf `b

efoluhbh cs abtreos ig preacry sojiil quclety, cfh lioclly coourctb jiusb-preob hctc tjct ocpturb

pripbrty preobs ct tjb 3-0ma hestcfob octbdiry gir bcoj sojiil ocf `b efoluhbh. Olustbr cfclyses

abtjihs itjbr tjcf m-abcfs olustbrefd, cfh tjb acfy hctc cfclyses abtjihs itjbr tjcf olustbr

cfclyses, ocf `b bapliybh.

_boifhly, gurtjbr rbsbcroj di if ti bxcaefb tjb gufhcabftcl cssuapteifs ig tjes pcpbr,

bspboeclly tjb twi fcabh ef sboteif :.3. Xjb gerst ig tjbsb cssuapteifs es hrcwf gria Tifd―s

(0>>5) gefhefd tjct tjb prixeaety ig cf bletb sojiil ti c pripbrty hibs fit sedfegeocftly eforbcsb

ets preob. Cs Tifd―s hctcsbt es rbstreotbh ti JH@ glcts ef gevb ig _efdcpirb―s fbedjìrjiihs, tjb

bxtbft ti wjeoj jes gefhefds ocf `b dbfbrclezbh coriss _efdcpirb ocf `b stuhebh.

_bpcrctbly, gurtjbr rbsbcroj ocf clsi cttbapt ti qucftegy tjb bxtbft ti wjeoj _efdcpirb―s preacry

sojiils heggbr ef tjb quclety ig bhuocteif tjby privehb, cfh ef tjb quclety ig ^_LB-prbpcrcteif

tjby privehb, cs hesoussbh ef sboteif 3.0. Ef pcrteoulcr, c lifdetuhefcl stuhy hrcwefd gria Cltifke

& Huff (3557) cfh trcomefd c vcrebty ig stuhbfts tjriudj _efdcpirb―s bhuocteifcl systba acy



20

rbvbcl su`tlb cfh qucletctevb efsedjts efti tjb wcy efbquety cfh itjbr rblctbh pri`lbas acfegbst

tjbasblvbs. Et acy `b bxobpteifclly usbgul ef rbvbclefd efsedjts c`iut _efdcpirb―s preacry

sojiils ef pcrteoulcr cfh ets bhuocteif systba ef dbfbrcl.

Et sjiulh `b fitbh tjct tjct tjb AIB acy pisse`ly jcvb ocrrebh iut suoj stuhebs oifgehbfteclly,

cfh pri`c`ly clsi pissbssbs hctc if tjb sioei-boifiaeo prigelb ig stuhbfts wetjef bcoj sojiil ‟

eg tjes es tjb ocsb, pu`leoly rblbcsefd tjbsb efsedjts cfh efgiracteif well sedfegeocftly efgira tjb

pileoy hb`ctbs oifobrfefd _efdcpirb―s bhuocteif systba.



2?

:.? îleoy Ipteifs

Cs et stcfhs, giur spboegeo cspbots ig tjb stctus qui dbfbrctb tjb efbquety essub tjct tjes pcpbr

ehbftegebs; tjb ufbvbf quclety ig preacry sojiils= tjb liocteif ig sojiils ef bxpbfsevb

fbedjìrjiihs= tjb preirety devbf ti jiab-sojiil hestcfob ef ^jcsbs 0@ cfh 0O= cfh tjb preirety

devbf ti spboecl driups ef ^jcsbs 3 cfh 0C. Jbrb, pileoy ipteifs ef tjbsb giur crbcs crb

oifsehbrbh efhevehuclly. Cfitjbr twi pileoy ipteifs ef tjb `richbr oiftbxt ig bhuocteif ef

_efdcpirb crb clsi oifsehbrbh; rbstrcefefd tjb ‚pcrbftiorcoy―= cfh rbstruoturefd bapliyabft

prcoteobs.

:.?.3 Lbvbllefd tjb quclety ig preacry sojiils

Lbvbllefd tjb quclety ig preacry sojiils `y bquclezefd rbsiurobs es cf i`veius cfh bggbotevb

siluteif ti tjb pri`lba. Xjb “Bvbry _ojiil c Diih _ojiil‑ pileoy herboteif (hesoussbh ef

sboteif 3.0) cttbapts ti hi tjes, cfh tjes pcpbr cggeras ets eapirtcfob cfh urdbfoy. Cltjiudj tjb

systba jch clwcys mbbp sojiils lcrdbly bqucl, efbquety es clliwbh ti sbbp ef wjbf sojiils crb

clliwbh ti sileoet cfh coobpt hifcteifs gria cluafe cfh oiaaufety pcrtfbrs= rbdulctefd tjb

wcys ef wjeoj sojiils ocf hi si well jblp. C fbobsscry cfdlb ti tjes wiulh `b ti sedfcl ti tjb

pu`leo tjct sojiils crb efhbbh ig lbvbl quclety, sefob tjb fiteif tjct preacry sojiils heggbr

sedfegeocftly sbbas ti `b c wbll-bftrbfojbh cfh jcragul pu`leo pbrobpteif (cs hesoussbh ef

sboteif 3.0). Xjct sceh, lbvbllefd tjb cotucl cfh pbrobevbh quclety ig preacry sojiils es lembly ti

rbquerb systbaeo, teab-oifsuaefd ojcfdb ‟ tjes es tjbf cf ipteif gir tjb lifd ruf.

:.?.0 Pblioctefd Olustbr 3 sojiils

Ig oiursb, bletb sojiils well oiftefub ti bxest ct lbcst fiaefclly bvbf eg sojiil quclety es lbvbllbh.

Devbf tjct tjb orux ig tjb pri`lba jbrb es tjb liocteif ig bletb sojiils ef bxpbfsevb

fbedjìrjiihs, rblioctefd Olustbr 3 sojiils ti lbss cgglubft fbedjìrjiihs acy gurtjbr aetedctb

tjb pri`lba ig coobsseèlety ti bletb sojiils; siab stuhbfts gria ufhbrprevelbdbh gcaelebs acy `b

c`lb ti dcef suoobssgul chaesseif if tjb `cses ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob. Jiwbvbr, rbliocteif es c

pisse`ly hesruptevb priobss gir bxestefd stcgg cfh stuhbfts ct tjbsb sojiils, cfh cf cpprboec`lb



28

fua`br ig tjb ?? Olustbr 3 sojiils fbbh ti `b rblioctbh gir tjes ipteif ti jcvb c sedfegeocft

eapcot ‟ tjes, tii, es cf ipteif gir tjb lifd ruf.

:.?.? Pbliimefd tjb preirety devbf ti jiab-sojiil hestcfob

Heaefesjefd tjb rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob ti tjb ^reacry Ifb Pbdestrcteif Bxbroesb es c

pileoy ipteif tjct es crduc`ly gcr bcsebr ti eaplbabft, pbrjcps bvbf eaabhectbly. Jiwbvbr, cs

hbaifstrctbh ef sboteif 7.2, jiab-sojiil hestcfob es c lit airb rblbvcft ti chaesseif ct Olustbr

3 sojiils tjcf ct itjbr sojiils= tjes eaplebs tjct heaefesjefd tjb rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil

hestcfob coriss cll sojiils es cf efcppriprectbly `luft ipteif. Ef cfy ocsb, “prixeaety es cf

eapirtcft oifsehbr cteif gir pcrbfts‑ (Lea, 0>>5) si jiab-sojiil hestcfob sjiulh stell `b

oifsehbrbh ef cllioctefd ^reacry Ifb plcobs. Xjb AIB ocf fbvbrtjblbss oifsehbr tjb pisse`lb

eapcots ig sjegtefd tjb sezb ig tjb hestcfob-ìufhcrebs (ourrbftly ifb cfh twi meliabtbrs) if

coobsseèlety ig bletb sojiils ti ufhbrprevelbdbh ojelhrbf.

:.?.8 Pbliimefd ^jcsbs 0C cfh 0@

Heaefesjefd tjb preirety devbf ti spboecl driups ef ^jcsb 0C (ojelhrbf ig cluafe, acfcdbabft,

cfh stcgg, cfh se`lefds ig cluafe) cfh 0@ (ojelhrbf ig sojiil viluftbbrs, ‚cotevb oiaaufety

lbchbrs―, cfh aba`brs ig cggelectbh ojurojbs cfh Ojefbsb olcfs) es clsi c usbgul pileoy ipteif.

Devefd preirety ti tjbsb driups es crduc`ly ufgcer, ufabretiorcteo, cfh cfcojrifesteo, `bocusb et

herbotly clliws pcrbfts ti trcfsgbr prevelbdb cfh ippirtufety ti tjber ojelhrbf= et es bggbotevbly cf

ipbf scfoteif ig sioecl eaaièlety. AIB―s hboeseif ef 0>38 ti rbsbrvb 8> plcobs gir pjcsbs 0@

cfh 0O oiaèfbh es c stbp ef tjb herboteif ig bquetcèlety. ?8 Ubt, cs bxplcefbh ef sboteif 7.8, bvbf

cgtbr tjes hboeseif wcs achb, bletb sojiils ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs jch c vcst ackirety ig

?8 Gir cf iggeoecl bxplcfcteif, sbb jttp;//www.aib.div.sd/abhec/prbss/Cffbx-@-0>38-^3-Pbdestrcteif.phg .

http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/Annex-B-2014-P1-Registration.pdf






22

plcobs tcmbf up `y tjb bfh ig ^jcsb 0C ef 0>32, wjeoj eaplebs tjct tjb acdfetuhb ig tjes ojcfdb

acy `b efsuggeoebft ti cojebvb c hbserbh lbvbl ig bquety.

Xjb jiab-sojiil hestcfob oretbrec cfh ^jcsb 3 (ef wjeoj preirety es devbf ti cppleocfts wjisb

se`lefds crb ourrbft stuhbfts ig tjb sojiil) ìtj sbrvb tjb prcdacteo eftbrbst ig oifvbfebfob.

Rflemb tjba, tjb preirety devbf ti spboecl driups ef ^jcsb 0C jcvb lettlb olbcr kustegeocteif. Xjb

AIB crdubs tjct cluafe cfh oiaaufety “jblp ùelh up cfh strbfdtjbf tjb sojiil―s trcheteif cfh

btjis, cfh suppirt ets stuhbfts‑ (Lea, 0>>5). Gerstly, bvbf eg tjct es tjb ocsb, et es fit olbcr wjy

tjb `bfbgets gria cluafe cfh oiaaufety suppirt kustegy tjb efbquety ig rcesefd `crrebrs ti bftry

gir cppleocfts wetjiut oiffboteifs. _boifhly, tjb AIB―s crduabft eaplebs tjct cluafe cfh

oiaaufety suppirt es oiftefdbft if `befd drcftbh ^jcsb 0C/0@ preirety. Eg tjes es tjb ocsb, tjb

rblcteifsjeps `btwbbf sojiils cfh cluafe/oiaaufety crb abrbly trcfscoteifcl rctjbr tjcfgiufhbh upif cfy hbbpbr sbfsb ig cttcojabft ir sojiil speret. Xjes tjbf ocsts hiu`t if tjb olcea

tjct tjbsb rblcteifsjeps “strbfdtjbf tjb sojiil―s trcheteif cfh btjis‑. Xjerh, cs hesoussbh ef

sboteif 3.0, bvbf eg stcmbjilhbr rblcteifsjeps dbfuefbly `bfbget tjb sojiil, tjby crb lembly ti

gurtjbr pbrpbtuctb efbquclety `btwbbf sojiils; tjb aefirety ig bletb, `rcfh-fcab efstetuteifs ocf

`bfbget gria tjbsb stcmbjilhbrs ef wcys lcrdb ackirety ig fbw, fifhbsorept, ‚fbedjìrjiih―

preacry sojiils tjct lcom cfy cluafe `csb, sojiil speret, ir hbacfh gir plcobs ocffit. Gefclly,

tjb rblctevb lcom ig stcfhcrhezcteif cfh trcfspcrbfoy ef wji es sblbotbh cs c viluftbbr ir ‚cotevb

oiaaufety lbchbr―, cfh ef wji quclegebs cs c aba`br ig cggelectbh olcfs cfh ojurojbs, es c

pitbftecl bftry-pieft gir oirrupteif ef tjb systba.

Fbvbrtjblbss, rboidfezefd tjb pisse`lb `bfbgets ig stcmbjilhbr rblcteifsjeps, tjes pcpbr

rboiaabfhs stremefd c `bttbr `clcfob `btwbbf preirety chaesseifs gir stcmbjilhbrs cfh mbbpefd

sojiil coobsse`lb ti cppleocfts wetjiut oiffboteifs. Et suppirts c rboiaabfhcteif achb `y tjb

_trcets Xeabs kiurfclest _cfhrc Hcveb; “tjb ourrbft rulb sjiulh `b efvbrtbh; Ifly 8> plcobs

sjiulh `b sbt csehb gir tjisb wetj cluafe oiffboteifs ti tjb sojiil. Xjb rbst sjiulh `b lbgt ipbf‑

ti cppleocfts wetjiut oiffboteifs (Hcveb, 0>38). Et hibs si wetj tjb chhbh ocvbct tjct, ti mbbp

tjbsb stcmbjilhbrs bfdcdbh cfh ti prbvbft tjber clebfcteif, tjes efvbrseif tcmbs plcobs

eforbabftclly cfh drchuclly ivbr sbvbrcl ybcrs.



27

:.?.2 Pbstrcefefd tjb ‚pcrbftiorcoy―

Cs hesoussbh ef sboteif 3.0, tjb ‚pcrbftiorcoy―, c tbrabh oiefbh `y tjb bhuoctir cfh cochbaeo

Kcsif Xcf (Ifd, 0>38), rbgbrs ti tjb rbclety tjct tjb bhuocteif systba jcs clliwbh pcrbftcl

wbcltj cfh suppirt ti oifsehbrc`ly efglubfob stuhbft pbrgiracfob. Tbcltjy pcrbfts ocf, gir

efstcfob, pcy gir prevctb tueteif ir bfreojabft olcssbs. Xjes hestirts tjb abretiorcteo prefoeplb,

cfh, tjriudj oiapbtetevb, zbri-sua bxcaefcteifs, heschvcftcdbs ufhbrprevelbdbh stuhbfts. Xi `b

surb, tjb ‚pcrbftiorcoy― ipbrctbs if c auoj lcrdbr soclb tjcf ct tjb ^reacry Ifb Pbdestrcteif

Bxbroesb clifb, cfh et abrets `befd rbstrcefbh `y tjb AIB coriss tjb bfterb bhuocteif systba.

Fbvbrtjblbss, tjb AIB aust rboidfezb tjct acmefd tjb clliocteif ig preacry sojiil plcobs

bdcletcrecf es c gbcse`lb gerst stbp ti rb-bstc`lesjefd abretiorcoy ef tjb bhuocteif systba.

:.?.7 Pbstruoturefd bapliyabft prcoteobs

_efob cf blboteif ef 0>33 ef wjeoj et wcs rbturfbh ti piwbr ùt wetj c jestireoclly liw veotiry

acrdef, tjb ^C^ divbrfabft―s rjbtireo if abretiorcoy jcs bvilvbh pclpc`ly. Et `bdcf ti csperb

tiwcrhs ùelhefd c “oiapcsseifctb abretiorcoy‑ ti “bfsurb tjct iur `rcfh ig abretiorcoy

rbacefs … gcer cfh efolusevb gir cll ‟ fit kust tjisb wji crb luomy ef tjber `comdriufhs ir

dbfbteo bfhiwabfts‑ (Dij, 0>3?). Ef 0>38, et cffiufobh cf efetectevb et ocllbh _mellsGuturb?2,

wjeoj sbbms ti rcheoclly cltbr bapliyabft cfh priaiteif prcoteobs ef tjb wirmplcob, aivefd

cwcy gria pcpbr quclegeocteifs cfh tiwcrhs spboegeo smellsbts.

Xjes pcrcheda sjegt ef tjb divbrfabft―s cppricoj ti abretiorcoy well ufhiu`tbhly lbch ti c

sigtbfefd tjb out-tjrict, trcomefd-eftbfsevb fcturb ig tjb bhuocteif systba. ^brgiracfob ct bcrly

bxcaefcteifs well `boiab lbss oreteocl ti c stuhbft―s bvbftucl bapliycèlety cfh wcdbs= tjbrb es

riia ti rbotegy efbquetebs ef sojiil quclety ‚hiwf tjb lefb―. Xjes acy oiuftbr efbquetebs ef tjb

clliocteif ig preacry ifb plcobs, tjiudj ifly ti c leaetbh bxtbft; bapliyabft prcoteobs ocffit

gbcse`ly `b hboiuplbh gria bhuocteifcl pbrgiracfob, bspboeclly wjbf bhuocteif es cf

?2 Gir cf iggeoecl bxplcfcteif, sbb jttp;//www.aib.div.sd/abhec/prbss/0>38/33/smellsguturb-oiufoel-`bdefs-wirm.pjp cfh jttp;//www.smellsguturb.sd/wjct-es-smellsguturb.jtal.

http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2014/11/skillsfuture-council-begins-work.php



http://www.skillsfuture.sg/what-is-skillsfuture.html







24

efhespbfsc`lb cfh ufevbrscl sorbbfefd abojcfesa gir bapliybrs. Ef cfy ocsb, et es heggeoult ti sbb

wjy tjb hestirteifs eftrihuobh `y tjb liocteif ig sojiils ef bxpbfsevb fbedjìrjiihs cfh tjb

^jcsb 0C/0@ spboecl preirety sojbab aust treomlb hiwfstrbca ig tjb bhuocteif systba, wjbf

tjby ocf `b oirrbotbh wetj gbcse`lb cfh eaabhectbly-bggbotevb siluteifs cs hesoussbh cìvb.

Ct tjber orux, tjbsb rboiaabfhcteifs crb pisse`lb siluteifs ti tjb pri`lba ig jiw cfh ti wjia

ti cllioctb socrob rbsiurobs ef tjb bhuocteif systba. îsetevb hesoreaefcteif, ir bvbf

bdcletcrecfesa, wjbf ocrryefd iut suoj clliocteifs acy fit clwcys `b rbclesteo ir hbserc`lb; tjby

acy fit `b pbrgbotly rbclesteo `bocusb lbcms ocf pbrsest, cfh tjby acy fit `b pileteoclly hbserc`lb

ef bvbry oiftbxt.

Jiwbvbr, tjes pcpbr hbaifstrctbs tjct tjb `bst preacry sojiils plcobs crb cllioctbh

hespripirteifctbly ti tjb wbcltjy cfh wbll-oiffbotbh, wjeoj es c olbcrly uftbfc`lb stctus qui.

Bvbf ef pileteoclly oifsbrvctevb _efdcpirb, tjes es efoifsestbft wetj `richbr prefoeplbs ig

divbrfcfob; ef tjb ipefeif ig sbfeir oevel sbrvcft Bhheb Xbi, “wb sjiulh lbvbl tjb plcyefd geblh

gir iur stuhbfts ti jcvb bqucl ojcfobs ig weffefd sojilcrsjeps, ùt tjb wcy ti bfsurb tjes es ti

jblp tjb lbss chvcftcdbh tjriudjiut tjber sojiil levbs, stcrtefd gria prb-sojiil‑ (Xbi, 0>3?).

Cs suoj, ef tjb sjirt ruf, tjes pcpbr rboiaabfhs rcheoclly cltbrefd ^jcsbs 0C/0@ cfh aihegyefd

tjb wcy jiab-sojiil hestcfob es devbf preirety. Olustbr 3 sojiils ocf `b rblioctbh ti lbss-

cgglubft fbedjìrjiihs ef tjb lifd tbra. Ct tjb scab teab, hble`brctbly rbstrcefefd tjb

‚pcrbftiorcoy―, lbvbllefd tjb quclety ig sojiils, cfh ùelhefd c ‚oiapcsseifctb abretiorcoy― well

sbrvb tjb `richbr eftbrbst ig bquety.

Xi tjb AIB―s orbhet, tjb bhuocteif systba es gufhcabftclly abretiorcteo wetj lettlb riia gir ets

oirrupteif. Cdcefst suoj c `comhrip, et es puzzlefd wjy, ef tjb spboegeo ocsb ig tjb ^reacry Ifb

Pbdestrcteif Bxbroesb, ufgcer, ufabretiorcteo hespcretebs crb clliwbh ti sbbp efti tjb bhuocteif

systba ct cf bcrly, giractevb stcdb ig c ojelh―s bhuocteifcl ocrbbr. Et es c ackir pri`lba, ùt ifb

wetj sacll-soclb, gbcse`lb, cfh bggbotevb siluteifs.



2:

“Erifeoclly, tjb iredefcl sioecl l bvblbr cfh purbst gira ig _efdcpirbcf abre tiorcoy ‟ iur

bhuocteifcl systba ‟ acy pbrpbtuctb ef tbr-dbfbrcteifcl strcte ge octeif rctjbr tjcf lbvbl tjb

plcyefd geblh .

…

Devefd chaesseifs preir ety if tjb cses ig hestcfob ig jiabs jcs ti clsi b rbliimbh, bocusb

tjb aist prbstedeius cfh ble tb sojiils crb clsi lioctbh ef tjb aist wbcltjy pcrts ig tjb

eslcfh. … Tb aust fit girdbt tjct wjbf tjb ^C^ ocab ti piwbr et tiim tjb tjbf rcheocl stbp ig

bssbfteclly fcteifclezefd tjb bfterb bhuocteifcl systba, ef irhbr ti cojebvb ets tjbf sioeclest

dicls. _eaelcrly rcheocll y stbps fbbh ti `b ct lbcst hesoussbh, eg fit eaabhectbly chiptbh.‑

- Ji Mwif ^efd, _efdcpirbcf `usefbssacf, spbcmefd ef 0>32 ef c lboturb sbrebs tetlbh _efdcpirb;

Xjb Fbxt Gegty Ubcrs (Bapjcses chhbh)



25

5 @e`leidrcpjy

Cltifke, K., & Huff, X. (3557). Rsefd _e`lefds ti Bsteactb tjb Bggbot ig _ojiil Suclety if

Tcdbs. Xjb Pbvebw ig Boifiaeos cfh _tctesteos, 772-743.

@jcsmcrcf, A., Ji, _., Liw, H., Xcf, M., Wchcmbtj, _., & Ubij, M. (0>30). Efbquclety cfh tjb

Fbbh gir c Fbw _ioecl Oiapcot. _efdcpirb; Efstetutb ig îleoy _tuhebs.

@esjip, O. (0>>7). ^cttbrf rboidfeteif cfh acojefb lbcrfefd. Fbw Uirm; _prefdbr.

@lcom, _. B. (3555). Hi @bttbr _ojiils Acttbr9 ^crbftcl Wclucteif ig Blbabftcry Bhuocteif. Xjb

Sucrtbrly Kiurfcl ig Boifiaeos, 244-255.

Ojca`brs, K. A., Olbvblcfh, T., Mlbefbr, @., & Xumby, ^. C. (35:?). Drcpjeocl Abtjihs gir

Hctc Cfclyses. Tchswirtj.

Ojbtty, P., & Grebhacf, K. (0>33). Hibs Liocl Xcx Gefcfoefd ig û`leo _ojiils ^brpbtuctb

Efbquclety9

Hcveb, _. (0>38, Cudust 4). Aivb tip sojiils iut ig @umet Xeacj. Pbtrebvbh gria Xjb _trcets

Xeabs; jttp;//www.strcetsteabs.oia/ipefeif/aivb-tip-sojiils-iut-ig-ùmet-teacj

Grcfmlef, K. ^., & Tchhbll, ^. (0>>0). C Jbhifeo Pbdrbsseif ig Jiab ^reobs ef Mefd Oiufty,Tcsjefdtif, usefd Cotevety-_pboegeo Coobsseèlety Abcsurbs . Pbtrebvbh gria

jttp;//fbxus.uaf.bhu/oiursbs/pc:0>0/wchhbll%0>-%0>jbhifeo.phg

Gu, D. (0>>5). Pbpirt ig tjb preacry bhuocteif rbvebw cfh eaplbabftcteif oiaaettbb.

_efdcpirb; Aefestry ig Bhuocteif.

Dij, O. X. (0>3?, Kuly 04). _pbboj `y B_A Dij ct Pcgglbs Jiaboiaefd 0>3? Drypjif Cwcrh

Heffbr. _efdcpirb.

Jbomacf, K. K., & Mcutz, X. (0>30). Jcrh bvehbfob if sigt smells. Lcìur Boifiaeos, 823-878.

Jbfd, _. M. (0>3?, Ioti`br 3?). Pbtrebvbh gria

jttps;//www.gcobìim.oia/jbfdswbbmbct/pists/7>247>777305305



7>

Jbrfcfhbz-Aurelli, P., Ojeihi, C. K., & Iwycfd, A. X. (0>3>). Fiflefbcr Bggbots ig _ojiil

Suclety if Jiusb ^reobs. Gbhbrcl Pbsbrvb @cfm ig _t. Liues Pbvebw, 3:2-0>8.

Ji, M. ^. (0>32). _efdcpirb; Xjb Fbxt Gegty Ubcrs - Lboturb W; _ioebty cfh Ehbftety. _efdcpirb;

E^_-Fctjcf Lboturbs.

Mcfd, X. (0>33). ^rivehefd gir fbbhy stuhbfts; pileoebs cfh efetectevbs. Ef T. Ojiy, & O. Xcf,

Bhuocteif Pbgira ef _efdcpirb. _efdcpirb; ^bcrsif.

Mjifd, L. U. (0>>8). Gcaely acttbrs; tjb rilb ig pcrbfts ef _efdcpirb bhuocteif. _efdcpirb;

Acrsjcll Ocvbfhesj Eftbrfcteifcl.

Lea, J. O. (0>>5, Kufb ?). ^3 plcobs fit gir sclb. Xjb _trcets Xeabs.

Liw, H. (0>3?, Gb`rucry 3). Diih Abretiorcoy, @ch Abretiorcoy. Pbtrebvbh gria Efstetutb ig

îleoy _tuhebs Oiaaifs; jttp;//www.epsoiaaifs.sd/diih-abretiorcoy-`ch-

abretiorcoy/

Ifd, C. (0>38, Acroj ?>). @bwcrb driwefd 'pcrbftiorcoy'; FEB hif. Xjb _trcets Xeabs.

îif, C. (0>3?). Oiaaif Driufh, Aulteplb Olceas; Pbprbsbftefd cfh Oifstruotefd _efdcpirb―s

“Jbcrtlcfh‑. Csecf _tuhebs Pbvebw.

Pbyfilhs, L. (0>>8). _myìx _ojiils; û`leo Bhuocteif Cs ^revctb Luxury. Tcsjefdtif

Rfevbrsety Lcw Pbvebw.

Pisbf`cua, K. B. (3547). Acmefd Efbquclety= tjb Jehhbf Ourreoulua ig Jedj _ojiil Xrcomefd.

Fbw Uirm; Kijf Telby & _ifs.

Pisbftjcl, P., & Kcoi`sif, L. (357:). ^ydacleif ef tjb Olcssriia. Fbw Uirm; Jilt, Pefbjcrt &

Tefstif.

_blvcrck, O. F. (0>33). Xjb Acmefd ig Bletb _ojiils ef _efdcpirb, 358>s-35:>s. _efdcpirb; Fcteifcl Rfevbrsety ig _efdcpirb .

_efdcpirb Hbpcrtabft ig _tctesteos. (0>38). Mby Jiusbjilh Efoiab Xrbfhs, 0>38. _efdcpirb;

Aefestry ig Xrchb cfh Efhustry.



73

_efdcpirb Hbpcrtabft ig _tctesteos. (0>38). îpulcteif Xrbfhs 0>38. _efdcpirb; Aefestry ig

Xrchb & Efhustry.

_trcets Xeabs. (0>3>, Fivba`br 38). AA Lbb comfiwlbhdbs chaesseif ti preacry sojiil es

ufgcer. _trcets Xeabs.

_trcets Xeabs. (0>38, _bptba`br 0>). Pbcl siluteifs fbbhbh ti hbcl wetj efoiab efbquclety, scys

Â Lbb ct _efdcpirb _uaaet. _trcets Xeabs.

_trcets Xeabs. (0>32, Acroj ?). Acf dbts twi wbbms' kcel gir lyefd cìut chhrbss gir hcudjtbr's

^reacry 3 rbdestrcteif. _trcets Xeabs.

_trcudjcf, ^. X. (0>30). Hblcybh acrrecdb cfh ultrc-liw gbrtelety ef _efdcpirb; tjb oifgiufhefd

ojcllbfdbs ti sioecl stcèlety. _efdcpirb; Efstetutb ig îleoy _tuhebs.

Xcf, K. (0>>0). Bhuocteif ef tjb Bcrly 03st Obftury; Ojcllbfdbs cfh Helbaacs. Ef H. Hc Oufjc,

_efdcpirb ef tjb Fbw Aellbffeua; Ojcllbfdbs Gcoefd tjb Oety-stctb (pp. 344-34:).

_efdcpirb; Efstetutb ig _iutjbcst Csecf _tuhebs.

Xcf, M. ^. (0>>:). Abretiorcoy cfh Bletesa ef c Dli`cl Oety; Ehbilideocl _jegts ef _efdcpirb.

Eftbrfcteifcl îleteocl _oebfob Pbvebw, 4-04.

Xbi, B. (0>3?, _bptba`br 34). Ojceracf's Ipbf Lbttbr. Pbtrebvbh gria û`leo _brveob

Oiaaesseif _ojilcrsjeps; jttp;//www.psosojilcrsjeps.div.sd/cìut-tjb-pso/ojceracfs-

ipbf-lbttbr

Tifd, T.-M. (0>33). ^crbftcl Wclucteif ig ^reirety Chaesseif ti ^reacry _ojiils; Xjb Bggbots

ig Cochbaeo Pbputcteif cfh Ojieobs. Pbtrebvbh gria

jttps;//oiursbs.fus.bhu.sd/oiursb/boswifd/wirmefdpcpbrs/wmwifd:4.phg



70

3> Cppbfhex

3>.3 Oiaplbtb lest ig sojiils wetj lctbst JH@, Oifhi cfh ^revctb jiusefd preobs

_ojiil Fcab

% jh` % oifhi % lcfhbh JH@ Oifhi Lcfhbh aef acx cvb

CHAEPCLXU PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?20.>> 707.>> >.>> ?20.>> 707.>> ?:7.

CJACH E@PCJEA PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?:4.>> 57?.>> >.>> ?:4.>> 57?.>> 87>.

CE XIFD _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 824.>> >.>> >.>> 824.>> 824.>> 824.

CLBZCFHPC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 782.>> 380>.>> >.>> 782.>> 380>.>> 48?.

CFOJIP DPBBF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8?0.>> 4?7.>> >.>> 8?0.>> 4?7.>> 84>.

CFHBP_IF PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 3>24.>> 3>24.>> 3>24.>> 3>24.>> 3>24

CFD AI MEI PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 225.>> >.>> >.>> 225.>> 225.>> 225.

CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (KRFEIP) >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 3757.>> >.>> 3757.>> 3757.>> 3757

CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (^PEACPU) >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 377?.>> >.>> 377?.>> 377?.>> 377?

@CLB_XEBP JELL PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 3?7>.>> >.>> 3?7>.>> 3?7>.>> 3?7>

@BCOIF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?00.>> >.>> >.>> ?00.>> ?00.>> ?00.

@BHIM DPBBF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 80:.>> 50:.>> >.>> 80:.>> 50:.>> 853.

@BHIM TB_X PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?:5.>> >.>> >.>> ?:5.>> ?:5.>> ?:5.

@BFHBABBP PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 2?0.>> 3>83.>> >.>> 2?0.>> 3>83.>> 257.

@LCFDCJ PE_B PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 285.>> 3382.>> >.>> 285.>> 3382.>> 702.

@IIF LCU DCPHBF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?57.>> :52.>> >.>> ?57.>> :52.>> 825.

@RMEX CFKCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 ?25.>> 580.>> 532.>> ?25.>> 580.>> 870.

@RMEX XEACJ PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 5?2.>> 3>54.>> 5?2.>> 3>54.>> 5:5.

@RMEX WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?57.>> :?8.>> >.>> ?57.>> :?8.>> 823.

OCF@BPPC PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?84.>> >.>> >.>> ?84.>> ?84.>> ?84.

OCFI__C OIFWBFX PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8>5.>> >.>> >.>> 8>5.>> 8>5.>> 8>5.

OCFXIFABFX PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 44>.>> 3:>4.>> >.>> 44>.>> 3:>4.>> 5>0.

OC_RCPEFC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?70.>> 4:8.>> >.>> ?70.>> 4:8.>> 832.

OCXJILEO JEDJ _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 25:.>> 3375.>> >.>> 25:.>> 3375.>> 74>.

OBHCP PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 8?>.>> 308?.>> 30:8.>> 8?>.>> 30:8.>> 24:.

OJCFDMCX PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> :20.>> 7?0.>> 7?0.>> :20.>> 44:.

OJEK (MCXIFD) PEACPU >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 3>58.>> 3?38.>> 3>58.>> 3?38.>> 3374

OJEK (MBLLIOM) 3.>> >.>> >.>> 25:.>> >.>> >.>> 25:.>> 25:.>> 25:.

OJEK (IRP LCHU IG DIIH OIRF_BL) >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 505.>> 3370.>> 505.>> 3370.>> 3>>7

OJEK (IRP LCHU IG XJB FCXEWEXU) >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8?4.>> 474.>> >.>> 8?4.>> 474.>> 845.

OJEK (IRP LCHU SRBBF IG BCOB) >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 558.>> 532.>> 532.>> 558.>> 574.

OJEK PEACPU (XIC CUIJ) >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 3??:.>> >.>> 3??:.>> 3??:.>> 3??:

OJEK _X FEOJILC_ DEPL_' _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 3343.>> 527.>> 527.>> 3343.>> 3>55

OJIC OJR MCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 5:>.>> >.>> 5:>.>> 5:>.>> 5:>.

OJIFDGR PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 835.>> 420.>> >.>> 835.>> 420.>> 873.

OJIFD[JBFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> :8:.>> >.>> :8:.>> :8:.>> :8:.

OLBABFXE PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 884.>> 335?.>> >.>> 884.>> 335?.>> 280.

OIA^C__WCLB PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?74.>> >.>> >.>> ?74.>> ?74.>> ?74.

OIFOIPH PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ??>.>> >.>> >.>> ??>.>> ??>.>> ??>.

OIPCL PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?75.>> :05.>> >.>> ?75.>> :05.>> 804.

OIP^IPCXEIF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?:?.>> >.>> >.>> ?:?.>> ?:?.>> ?:?.

AbhecfPbsclb ^_G ($)wetjef 3ma Jiusefd preobs



7?

HC SECI PEACPU _OJIIL >.5? >.>> >.>4 877.>> >.>> 3>?2.>> 877.>> 3>?2.>> 2

HCACE PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 83?.>> 3008.>> >.>> 83?.>> 3008.>> 2

HC[JIFD PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8>3.>> >.>> >.>> 8>3.>> 8>3.>> 8

HB LC _CLLB >.:0 >.30 >.>7 ??>.>> 488.>> 538.>> ??>.>> 538.>> 8

BC_X OIC_X PEACPU _OJIIL >.5? >.>> >.>4 ?57.>> >.>> 3>:>.>> ?57.>> 3>:>.>> 8

BC_X _^PEFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?7:.>> 4:2.>> >.>> ?7:.>> 4:2.>> 8

BC_X WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 837.>> >.>> >.>> 837.>> 837.>> 8

BHDBGEBLH PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8?>.>> >.>> >.>> 8?>.>> 8?>.>> 8

BLEC_ CPM PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> :53.>> >.>> :53.>> :53.>> :

BFHBCWIRP PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?2?.>> >.>> >.>> ?2?.>> ?2?.>> ?

BRFI_ PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 885.>> :27.>> 338>.>> 885.>> 338>.>> 2

BWBPDPBBF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?20.>> >.>> >.>> ?20.>> ?20.>> ?

GCEPGEBLH ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU) >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 332:.>> >.>> 332:.>> 332:.>> 3

GCPPBP CPM PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 2>8.>> 3852.>> >.>> 2>8.>> 3852.>> 7

GBFD_JCF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8>4.>> 33:2.>> >.>> 8>4.>> 33:2.>> 2

GBPFWCLB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 8?0.>> 4>2.>> 30>:.>> 8?0.>> 30>:.>> 2

GEP_X XIC CUIJ PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 2>>.>> >.>> >.>> 2>>.>> 2>>.>> 2

GPIFXEBP PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?::.>> >.>> >.>> ?::.>> ?::.>> ?

GROJRF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?75.>> 334:.>> >.>> ?75.>> 334:.>> 8

GRJRC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8?2.>> :22.>> >.>> 8?2.>> :22.>> 8

DCF BFD _BFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 73?.>> 3?38.>> >.>> 73?.>> 3?38.>> 4

DBULCFD ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU) >.:4 >.3? >.>> 844.>> 5:0.>> >.>> 844.>> 5:0.>> 2

DIFD_JCFD PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 835.>> >.>> >.>> 835.>> 835.>> 8

DPBBFHCLB PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8?>.>> >.>> >.>> 8?>.>> 8?>.>> 8

DPBBFPEHDB PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?7>.>> >.>> >.>> ?7>.>> ?7>.>> ?

DPBBFTIIH PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?20.>> 707.>> >.>> ?20.>> 707.>> ?

DPEGGXJ_ PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 834.>> 45:.>> >.>> 834.>> 45:.>> 8

DRCFDUCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 2>4.>> 33>>.>> >.>> 2>4.>> 33>>.>> 2

JCED DEPL_' _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 33?0.>> 30:4.>> 33?0.>> 30:4.>> 3

JBFPU CPM PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 3083.>> 3?>3.>> 3083.>> 3?>3.>> 3

JILU EFFIOBFX_' PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8>2.>> 52>.>> >.>> 8>2.>> 52>.>> 8

JIFD MCJ PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?::.>> >.>> >.>> ?::.>> ?::.>> ?

JIFD TBF _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 87?.>> 3387.>> >.>> 87?.>> 3387.>> 2

JIPE[IF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8?2.>> >.>> >.>> 8?2.>> 8?2.>> 8

JIRDCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?5?.>> :3?.>> >.>> ?5?.>> :3?.>> 8

JRCAEF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?2?.>> >.>> >.>> ?2?.>> ?2?.>> ?

EFFIWC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?84.>> :?>.>> >.>> ?84.>> :?>.>> 8

KEBAEF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?:0.>> >.>> >.>> ?:0.>> ?:0.>> ?

KEFD _JCF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 87>.>> 570.>> >.>> 87>.>> 570.>> 2

KRFURCF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 832.>> >.>> >.>> 832.>> 832.>> 8

KRPIFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> :28.>> >.>> :28.>> :28.>> :

KRPIFD TB_X PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?54.>> >.>> >.>> ?54.>> ?54.>> ?

KRUEFD PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?07.>> >.>> >.>> ?07.>> ?07.>> ?

MBAEFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> :?8.>> >.>> :?8.>> :?8.>> :

MJBFD OJBFD _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 878.>> 3?3>.>> >.>> 878.>> 3?3>.>> 2

MIFD JTC _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 3>4:.>> >.>> 3>4:.>> 3>4:.>> 3

MPCFKE PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 ?82.>> 48:.>> 538.>> ?82.>> 48:.>> 8

MRI OJRCF PEB_@UXBPECF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 73:.>> >.>> >.>> 73:.>> 73:.>> 7

LCMB_EHB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 873.>> 528.>> >.>> 873.>> 528.>> 2

LECFJRC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?53.>> :7?.>> >.>> ?53.>> :7?.>> 8

LIUCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?::.>> 4:8.>> >.>> ?::.>> 4:8.>> 8

ACO^JBP_IF PEACPU _OJIIL >.5? >.>> >.>4 887.>> >.>> 30:7.>> 887.>> 30:7.>> 2

ACJC @IHJE _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 88:.>> >.>> >.>> 88:.>> 88:.>> 8

ACPE_ _XBLLC JEDJ _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 5:2.>> 33:8.>> 5:2.>> 33:8.>> 3

ACP_ELEFD PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?82.>> >.>> >.>> ?82.>> ?82.>> ?

ACPUAIRFX OIWBFBFX _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 2>3.>> 3?>4.>> >.>> 2>3.>> 3?>4.>> 7

ACUGLITBP PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 828.>> 573.>> >.>> 828.>> 573.>> 2

ABB XIJ _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8?>.>> >.>> >.>> 8?>.>> 8?>.>> 8

ABPEHECF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?74.>> :53.>> >.>> ?74.>> :53.>> 8

ABXJIHE_X DEPL_' (^PEACPU) >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 3884.>> >.>> 3884.>> 3884.>> 3

AIFXGIPX KRFEIP _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8>7.>> >.>> >.>> 8>7.>> 8>7.>> 8

FCF OJECR PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8??.>> >.>> >.>> 8??.>> 8??.>> 8



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FCFUCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 32?7.>> 3735.>> 32?7.>> 3735.>>

FCWCL @C_B PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?:4.>> 4:>.>> >.>> ?:4.>> 4:>.>>

FBT XITF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 780.>> >.>> >.>> 780.>> 780.>>

FDBB CFF PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 558.>> >.>> 558.>> 558.>>

FIPXJ _^PEFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 83:.>> 44?.>> >.>> 83:.>> 44?.>>

FIPXJ WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?23.>> >.>> >.>> ?23.>> ?23.>>

FIPXJ WE_XC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 88>.>> 442.>> >.>> 88>.>> 442.>>

FIPXJLCFH PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>7 ?7>.>> >.>> >.>> ?7>.>> ?7>.>>

FIPXJICM_ PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?22.>> >.>> >.>> ?22.>> ?22.>>

I^BPC B_XCXB PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 333>.>> 3?4>.>> 333>.>> 3?4>.>>

^CLA WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 880.>> :?3.>> >.>> 880.>> :?3.>>

^CPM WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?72.>> 534.>> >.>> ?72.>> 534.>>

^C_EP PE_ PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?70.>> 478.>> >.>> ?70.>> 478.>>

^CUC LB@CP ABXJIHE_X DEPL_ _OJIIL (^PEACPU) >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 3387.>> 3034.>> 3387.>> 3034.>>

^BE OJRF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 870.>> >.>> >.>> 870.>> 870.>>

^BE JTC PB_@UXBPECF PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 333:.>> >.>> 333:.>> 333:.>>

^BE XIFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 28>.>> 3>2?.>> >.>> 28>.>> 3>2?.>>

^BEUEFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?70.>> :8?.>> >.>> ?70.>> :8?.>>

EIFBBP PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?08.>> >.>> >.>> ?08.>> ?08.>>

ÎE OJEFD _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 8>:.>> >.>> >.>> 8>:.>> 8>:.>>

^PEFOB__ BLE[C@BXJ PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?77.>> :28.>> >.>> ?77.>> :28.>>

^RFDDIL DPBBF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?50.>> 33>7.>> >.>> ?50.>> 33>7.>>

^RFDDIL PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 873.>> 442.>> >.>> 873.>> 442.>>

^RFDDIL WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 88:.>> 33>7.>> >.>> 88:.>> 33>7.>>

SECIFCF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 834.>> :55.>> >.>> 834.>> :55.>>

SEGC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8?7.>> 335>.>> >.>> 8?7.>> 335>.>>

SEJRC PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?8:.>> >.>> >.>> ?8:.>> ?8:.>>

SRBBF_XITF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 758.>> 3027.>> >.>> 758.>> 3027.>>

PCHEF AC_ PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 25:.>> >.>> >.>> 25:.>> 25:.>>

PCGGLB_ DEPL_' PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 302>.>> >.>> 302>.>> 302>.>>

PBH _TC_XEMC _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8>4.>> 5>5.>> >.>> 8>4.>> 5>5.>>

PEWBP WCLLBU PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 347:.>> 347>.>> 347>.>> 347:.>>

PEWBP_EHB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?2?.>> 707.>> >.>> ?2?.>> 707.>>

PEWBPWCLB PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?5?.>> >.>> >.>> ?5?.>> ?5?.>>

PI_UXJ _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 ?57.>> 57?.>> 3>2?.>> ?57.>> 3>2?.>>

PRLCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8>5.>> 3>2>.>> >.>> 8>5.>> 3>2>.>>

_BA@CTCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?88.>> ::2.>> >.>> ?88.>> ::2.>>

_BFD MCFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 88>.>> 44?.>> >.>> 88>.>> 44?.>>

_BFDMCFD DPBBF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8?0.>> 4>2.>> >.>> 8?0.>> 4>2.>>

_JRSRF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 807.>> 3>2>.>> >.>> 807.>> 3>2>.>>

_E LEFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?48.>> 334:.>> >.>> ?48.>> 334:.>>

_EFDCÎPB OJEFB_B DEPL_' PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 32>7.>> >.>> 32>7.>> 32>7.>>

_IRXJ WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 530.>> >.>> 530.>> 530.>>

_^PEFDHCLB PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 808.>> >.>> >.>> 808.>> 808.>>

_X CFHPBT'_ KRFEIP _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 88?.>> 3333.>> >.>> 88?.>> 3333.>>

_X CFXJIFU'_ OCFI__ECF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 8?7.>> 538.>> 25>.>> 8?7.>> 538.>>

_X CFXJIFU'_ PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?57.>> >.>> >.>> ?57.>> ?57.>>

_X DC@PEBL_'_ PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 2>2.>> 5:8.>> 32?3.>> 2>2.>> 32?3.>>

_X JELHC'_ PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 80:.>> 5??.>> >.>> 80:.>> 5??.>>

_X KI_B^J'_ EF_XEXRXEIF KRFEIP >.:4 >.3? >.>> 2>8.>> 3857.>> >.>> 2>8.>> 3857.>>

_X ACPDCPBX'_ PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 3488.>> >.>> 3488.>> 3488.>>

_X _XB^JBF'_ _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 3>77.>> 3?32.>> 3>77.>> 3?32.>>

_XCAGIPH PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 7>?.>> 32>7.>> >.>> 7>?.>> 32>7.>>

XCAÊFB_ FIPXJ PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 835.>> >.>> >.>> 835.>> 835.>>

XCAÊFB_ PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> 835.>> >.>> >.>> 835.>> 835.>>

XCFKIFD MCXIFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 3?03.>> 3732.>> 3?03.>> 3732.>>

XCI FCF _OJIIL >.>> >.74 >.?? >.>> 3>52.>> 3?7>.>> 3>52.>> 3?7>.>>

XBOM DJBB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 2?5.>> 3?>2.>> >.>> 2?5.>> 3?>2.>>

XBOM TJUB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 ?04.>> :8:.>> 5>:.>> ?04.>> 5>:.>>



72

XBLIM MRPCR PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?78.>> 58?.>> >.>> ?78.>> 58?.>>

XBAC_BM PEACPU _OJIIL >.>> 3.>> >.>> >.>> 543.>> >.>> 543.>> 543.>>

XITF_WELLB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 878.>> 30:8.>> >.>> 878.>> 30:8.>>

RFEXU PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ??:.>> 488.>> >.>> ??:.>> 488.>>

TBLLEFDXIF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?2>.>> >.>> >.>> ?2>.>> ?2>.>>

TB_X DPIWB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?:?.>> 3>8:.>> >.>> ?:?.>> 3>8:.>>

TB_X _^PEFD PEACPU 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?7?.>> >.>> >.>> ?7?.>> ?7?.>>

TB_X WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?23.>> ::>.>> >.>> ?23.>> ::>.>>

TB_XTIIH PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?:?.>> >.>> >.>> ?:?.>> ?:?.>>

TJEXB _CFH_ PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?47.>> 44:.>> >.>> ?47.>> 44:.>>

TIIHDPIWB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?7:.>> :?>.>> >.>> ?7:.>> :?>.>>

TIIHLCFH_ PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?84.>> 477.>> >.>> ?84.>> 477.>>

TIIHLCFH_ PEFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?85.>> 448.>> >.>> ?85.>> 448.>>

ZEFDJRC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8>4.>> 3>7?.>> >.>> 8>4.>> 3>7?.>>

ZEFDFCF PEACPU _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?07.>> >.>> >.>> ?07.>> ?07.>>

ZEFAEF _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8>?.>> 57?.>> >.>> 8>?.>> 57?.>>

ZE_JCF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?:4.>> 5:7.>> >.>> ?:4.>> 5:7.>>

UCFD[JBFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 2?4.>> 5:>.>> 3322.>> 2?4.>> 5:>.>>

UBT XBB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 ?84.>> 487.>> 538.>> ?84.>> 538.>>

UEI OJR MCFD _OJIIL 3.>> >.>> >.>> ?::.>> >.>> >.>> ?::.>> ?::.>>

UE_JRF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?47.>> 5:0.>> >.>> ?47.>> 5:0.>>

UR FBFD PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 8>4.>> 55:.>> >.>> 8>4.>> 55:.>>

URJRC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 23:.>> :28.>> >.>> 23:.>> :28.>>

URAEF PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 808.>> 777.>> >.>> 808.>> 777.>>

[JCFDHB PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> 77:.>> 302>.>> >.>> 77:.>> 302>.>>

[JBFDJRC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:4 >.3? >.>> ?73.>> 504.>> >.>> ?73.>> 504.>>

[JIFDJRC PEACPU _OJIIL >.:0 >.30 >.>7 824.>> ::?.>> 3370.>> 824.>> 3370.>>



77

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CHAEPCLXU ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?> 2> 3>3 5? 42 82

CJACH E@PCJEA ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?? ?> 82 ?: ?7 :0CE XIFD _OJIIL 00 3> 33 33 : 7

CLBZCFHPC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: > > > > >

CFOJIP DPBBF PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 372 370 34> 374 >

CFHBP_IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 2> 82 ?: ?7 ?4

CFD AI MEI ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 3?4 40 2? 85 70

CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (KRFEIP) 80 ?> 82 5? 53 3>0

CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (^PEACPU) 80 2> 82 ?: 85 82

@CLB_XEBP JELL PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 38> 328 387 33:

@BCOIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 372 370 34> 374 >

@BHIM DPBBF PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 3>3 5? 3?0 38>

@BHIM TB_X PEACPU _OJIIL 22 328 32> 34> 374 37>

@BFHBABBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 2> 82 330 387 37>@LCFDCJ PE_B ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 3>3 5? 42 33:

@IIF LCU DCPHBF PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 372 370 34> 374 384

@RMEX CFKCFD PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 305 337 33:

@RMEX XEACJ PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 3?4 3?7 305 337 33:

@RMEX WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 3>3 5? 42 8>

OCF@BPPC ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?4 2> 82 ?: 42 8>

OCFI__C OIFWBFX PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 5? 42 :5

OCFXIFABFX PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 348 34> > >

OC_RCPEFC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 42 387 37>

OCXJILEO JEDJ _OJIIL 8 3 3 7 2 ?

OBHCP ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 38> 380 3?0 38>

OJCFDMCX ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 ?: ?2 ?? ?0 70

OJEK (MCXIFD) ^PEACPU 33? 2> 82 2? 2: 05

OJEK (MBLLIOM) 22 ?: ?2 ?: ?7 02

OJEK (IRP LCHU IG DIIH OIRF_BL) 22 ?: ?2 ?: ?7 70

OJEK (IRP LCHU IG XJB FCXEWEXU) 33? 5: 3>3 2? 53 384

OJEK (IRP LCHU SRBBF IG BCOB) 33? 2> 82 330 387 3>0

OJEK ^PEACPU (XIC ^CUIJ) ?? ?> 0: 08 ?3 05

OJEK _X FEOJILC_ DEPL_' _OJIIL 07 37 3? 30 33 33

OJIC OJR MCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 5? ?7 82

OJIFDGR ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38 3> 33 5 34 33

OJIFD[JBFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 42 70 8>

OLBABFXE ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 82 5? 53 :5

OIA^C__WCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 42 70 :5

OIFOIPH ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 82 ?: ?7 05

OIPCL ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 42 70 33:

OIP^IPCXEIF PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 372 370 34> 374 37>

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HC SECI PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 328 32> 3?7 307 3?4 382.8:

HCACE ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 328 32> 380 387 384 300.38

HC[JIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 328 3>3 5? 42 :5 330.:7

HB LC _CLLB 33? 30? 72 2? 53 3>0 52.>2

BC_X OIC_X PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 30? 308 5? 3?0 37> 33:.74

BC_X _^PEFD PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 3?4 348 34> 337 33: 385.>>

BC_X WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8: 38? 47 4> 70 82 :>.05BHDBGEBLH PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 38> 380 3?0 384 3>>.24

BLEC_ ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?4 ?> 82 ?? ?7 70 ?4.?:

BFHBCWIRP PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 38> 328 387 > 332.>>

BRFI_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 42 307 38> 4:.74

BWBPDPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 2> 82 ?: 85 05 48.08

GCEPGEBLH ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU) 38 38 5 2? 53 384 ?0.05

GCPPBP CPM PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 372 370 328 387 33: 32?.52

GBFD_JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 ?: ?2 2? 53 3>0 20.20

GBPFWCLB PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 328 2> 328 387 384 303.?:

GEP_X XIC CUIJ PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 2> 82 ?: 42 82 74.8:

GPIFXEBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 348 > > > 373.74

GROJRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 3>3 42 42 :5 :>.?:

GRJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 308 380 387 37> 3>8.8:

DCF BFD _BFD PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 30? 308 5? 42 47 3>5.08

DBULCFD ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU) 22 44 :> 380 3?0 38> ::.:3

DIFD_JCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?? 04 07 5 : 37 0?.70

DPBBFHCLB PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 328 32> 328 387 > 3?5.>>

DPBBFPEHDB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 87 ?2 ?0 04 07 70 ?7.:7

DPBBFTIIH ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 2> 82 42 53 47 25.35

DPEGGXJ_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 44 38> 380 3?0 38> 307.:3

DRCFDUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 330 53 82 3>3.74

JCED DEPL_' _OJIIL 3> 2> 82 2? 85 82 ?4.43

JBFPU ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3> 08 00 32 33 33 37.8:

JILU EFFIOBFX_' PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 3>3 42 70 :5 45.38

JIFD MCJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 330 53 33: 3>2.38

JIFD TBF _OJIIL 33? 72 72 2? 337 3>0 :?.70

JIPE[IF PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 348 34> 374 384 378.20JIRDCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 42 42 05 7:.20

JRCAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 3>3 42 70 82 44.>2

EFFIWC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 328 32> 34> 374 > 380.2?

KEBAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 330 53 47 3>?.38

KEFD _JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 3?7 307 :0 :8.70

KRFURCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 2> 82 ?? ?0 82 87.3>

KRPIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8: 44 :> 4> 70 :0 74.3>

KRPIFD TB_X PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 :> 330 53 3>0 58.47

KRUEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 372 370 328 387 384 322.??

MBAEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 07 37 3? ?> ?> 82 0?.>>

MJBFD OJBFD _OJIIL ?4 ?: ?2 ?: 42 :5 8?.3>

MIFD JTC _OJIIL 05 0> 35 32 34 35 03.??

MPCFKE ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 3?4 40 77 337 33: 338.43

MRI OJRCF PEB_@UXBPECF PEACPU _OJIIL ?4 5: 08 00 03 03 88.70LCMB_EHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 ?: ?2 ?? ?0 00 8>.08

LECFJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 372 308 330 53 3>0 3?8.43

LIUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 05 02 08 3>0 2>.05

ACO^JBP_IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?4 0: ?3 04 07 02 ?>.74

ACJC @IHJE _OJIIL 22 5: 3>3 42 42 :5 :>.?:

ACPE_ _XBLLC JEDJ _OJIIL 3> 0> 35 0> 03 35 34.>>

ACP_ELEFD PEACPU _OJIIL 22 328 32> 5? 387 3>0 33?.>>

ACPUAIRFX OIWBFBFX _OJIIL 38: 4> 3?7 305 337 3>0 335.35

ACUGLITBP PEACPU _OJIIL 00 0> 3>3 330 337 33: 70.52

ABB XIJ _OJIIL 33? 5: 32> 380 3?0 384 308.>2

ABPEHECF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 38> 328 53 82 3>5.8:

ABXJIHE_X DEPL_' (^PEACPU) 00 38 00 32 33 37 34.47

AIFXGIPX KRFEIP _OJIIL 38: 44 :> 42 42 3>0 5:.24

FCF OJECR ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8: 44 ?2 ?? ?7 00 84.5>



7:

FCF JRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 07 3: 32 77 2: 05 ?>.5>

FCFUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 7 7 4 4 : : 7.70

FCWCL @C_B PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 372 370 328 387 37> 382.52

FBT XITF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 348 > > > 373.74

FDBB CFF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 30? 72 ?: 53 33: 5?.74

FIPXJ _^PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 30? 72 2? 85 70 55.38

FIPXJ WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 42 70 8> 74.:3FIPXJ WE_XC PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 32> 328 387 37> 300.3>

FIPXJLCFH ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8: 4? 47 ?0 ?0 :0 24.3>

FIPXJICM_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: > > > > > 38:.>>

I^BPC B_XCXB PEACPU _OJIIL 22 328 32> 380 387 3>0 30>.>>

^CLA WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 > > > > 324.??

^CPM WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 ?: :> 380 3?0 3>0 44.43

^C_EP PE_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 4 4 7 2 8 : 7.05

^CUC LB@CP ABXJIHE_X DEPL_ _OJIIL ( PEACPU) 5 0: 05 02 08 00 03.74

^BE OJRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3: 3> 35 32 34 33 32.8?

^BE JTC PB_@UXBPECF PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 72 72 2? 53 :5 :>.70

^BE XIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 32> 328 374 37> 305.43

^BEUEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 ?: :> 5? 374 33: 48.:3

EIFBBP PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 30? 370 328 387 384 382.??

^IE OJEFD _OJIIL 38: 72 72 2? 85 47 :7.>>

^PEFOB__ BLE[C@BXJ PEACPU _OJIIL ?> 07 02 0? 07 02 07.8:

^RFDDIL DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 > > > > 324.??

^RFDDIL ^PEACPU _OJIIL 34 ?7 ?? ?> 85 3>0 ??.20

^RFDDIL WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 > > > > 324.??

SECIFCF PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 38> 380 3?0 :0 33?.8?

SEGC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 30? 308 305 374 3>0 3?8.?:

SEJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 5: 3>3 42 ?7 70 42.?:

SRBBF_XITF PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 38> 380 42 70 3>4.>2

PCHEF AC_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3: 3: 32 30 0> 3: 37.47

PCGGLB_ DEPL_' ^PEACPU _OJIIL 0 2 2 8 ? 0 ?.74

PBH _TC_XEMC _OJIIL 38: 4> 40 77 2: ?4 :5.?:

PEWBP WCLLBU ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3: : 07 4> 307 3?4 8>.20

PEWBP_EHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 > > > > 324.??PEWBPWCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8: 4? :> 42 42 82 77.??

PI_UXJ _OJIIL 3: : 3> : 4 7 33.>2

PRLCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3 3 ? 3 0 3 3.8:

_BA@CTCFD PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 5? 3?0 38> 3>4.?:

_BFD MCFD PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 38> 3?7 387 384 334.>>

_BFDMCFD DPBBF PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 > > > > 324.??

_JRSRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 30? 308 330 53 70 330.:3

_E LEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 3?4 348 380 3?0 :5 382.38

_EFDC^IPB OJEFB_B DEPL_' PEACPU _OJIIL 0 ? 0 3 7 8 0.24

_IRXJ WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 00 3> 82 ?: 42 33: ?2.8?

_^PEFDHCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 > > > > 324.??

_X CFHPBT'_ KRFEIP _OJIIL 8: 4> 40 330 85 47 7:.?:

_X CFXJIFU'_ OCFI__ECF PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 30? 308 5? 3?0 38> 334.43

_X CFXJIFU'_ PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 30? 370 328 387 384 382.??

_X DC@PEBL_'_ PEACPU _OJIIL 22 388 38> 3?7 307 384 332.3>

_X JELHC'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 2 8 8 ? 3 2 ?.5>

_X KI_B^J'_ EF_XEXRXEIF KRFEIP 33? 72 308 330 53 70 55.>>

_X ACPDCPBX'_ PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 2> 82 ?: ?7 05 7?.>>

_X _XB^JBF'_ _OJIIL 38: 5: 3>3 2? 53 33: 3>7.43

_XCAGIPH PEACPU _OJIIL 22 347 348 328 387 37> 3?8.05

XCA EFB_ FIPXJ PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 42 70 :0 52.?:

XCA EFB_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL : 02 32 30 33 82 37.>>

XCFKIFD MCXIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 2> 82 ?: ?7 82 84.35

XCI FCF _OJIIL 3? 2> 4 32 33 3> 0>.70

XBOM DJBB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 ?: ?2 42 70 82 2>.35

XBOM TJUB PEACPU _OJIIL 38: ?: 308 330 387 :5 3>5.3>



75

XBLIM MRPCR ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?7 ?7 ?? 77 0? ?4

XBAC_BM ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38 0> 32 03 33 33

XITF_WELLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 5? 53 70

RFEXU ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 328 3>3 330 53 33: 3

TBLLEFDXIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 ?: :> 5? ?7 82

TB_X DPIWB PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 30? 370 328 374 37> 3TB_X _^PEFD ^PEACPU 38: > > > > > 3

TB_X WEBT PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 30? 308 305 337 33: 3

TB_XTIIH ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 > > > > 3

TJEXB _CFH_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8: 4? 47 4> 70 8>

TIIHDPIWB PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 372 370 328 387 37> 3

TIIHLCFH_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 80 ?> 82 04 07 82

TIIHLCFH_ PEFD PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 372 370 328 53 70 3

ZEFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 5? 337 33:

ZEFDFCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?0 30? 308 330 53 33:

ZEFAEF _OJIIL 80 72 72 330 53 33:

ZE_JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 3?4 3?7 305 2: 47 3

UCFD[JBFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8: 4? :> 3?7 3?0 02UBT XBB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 347 3?7 330 53 70 3

UEI OJR MCFD _OJIIL 22 44 ?2 ?: ?7 37>

UE_JRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 5? 3?0 :5

UR FBFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 ?: ?2 2? 85 05

URJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 5: 3>3 305 337 3>0 3

URAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33? 30? 308 330 53 :5 3

[JCFDHB PEACPU _OJIIL 38: 328 32> 3?7 307 3?4 3

[JBFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 47 4> 70 :0

[JIFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 44 :> 42 70 70



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CHAEPCLXU ^PEACPU _OJIIL 4 7 42 :2 -3> 2: 83 3

CJACH E@PCJEA ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?5 > 25 0> ?5

CE XIFD _OJIIL -02 30 ?> 85 -35 ?3 ?4 -

CLBZCFHPC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 02 : 3:4 028 -74 57 8 5

CFOJIP DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 2? > 33: 303 -? 73 2 2

CFHBP_IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL -8 5 80 27 -38 ?> 0> 3

CFD AI MEI ^PEACPU _OJIIL 84 > 2: 33 84

CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (KRFEIP) -?> 4 4? 3>3 -0: 4? 42 -

CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (^PEACPU) -04 4 ?> 28 -08 ?0 ?2 -

@CLB_XEBP JELL PEACPU _OJIIL 57 > 3>? 4 57

@BCOIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 33: > 305 33 33:

@BHIM DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 02 > ?2 3> 02

@BHIM TB_X ^PEACPU _OJIIL -7 3 2: 78 -7

@BFHBABBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL 0: > 82 34 0:

@LCFDCJ PE_B PEACPU _OJIIL 300 > 305 4 300

@IIF LCU DCPHBF PEACPU _OJIIL ?7 > :? 84 ?7

@RMEX ^CFKCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 37 3> 7: :? -32 ?: 4 ?

@RMEX XEACJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8 > 22 23 8

@RMEX WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 7: > :4 35 7:

OCF@BPPC ^PEACPU _OJIIL -2> 33 80 4: -?7 8? 24 -

OCFI__C OIFWBFX PEACPU _OJIIL 80 > 20 3> 80

OCFXIFABFX ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?4 > :> 8? ?4

OC_RCPEFC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3 > ?4 ?7 3

OCXJILEO JEDJ _OJIIL -07 38 0? 80 -35 00 05 -

OBHCP ^PEACPU _OJIIL 2 > 3: 3? 2

OJCFDMCX ^PEACPU _OJIIL > 3 3 3 >

OJEK (MCXIFD) ^PEACPU 3 > ?2 ?8 3

OJEK (MBLLIOM) 35 ? 5> 5: -: 78 ?4 0

OJEK (IRP LCHU IG DIIH OIRF_BL) -? 3 5 30 -?

OJEK (IRP LCHU IG XJB FCXEWEXU) 30 4 3>3 337 -32 48 84 0

OJEK (IRP LCHU SRBBF IG BCOB) -3 3 3? 38 -3

OJEK ^PEACPU (XIC ^CUIJ) -?4 3? 23 48 -0? 2> 78 -

OJEK _X FEOJILC_ DEPL_' _OJIIL -07 32 0> ?0 -30 0> ?8 -

OJIC OJR MCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL -82 30 27 5? -?4 22 7? -

OJIFDGR ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38 3> 2: 77 -: ?7 38 0

OJIFD[JBFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?3 2 33? 3?2 -00 7> 4 2

OLBABFXE ^PEACPU _OJIIL 73 ? 3?> 3?? -? 77 0 7

OIA^C__WCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL -5 : 54 3?4 -8> 74 ?7 ?

OIFOIPH ^PEACPU _OJIIL -? 3 4 3> -?

OIPCL ^PEACPU _OJIIL 30? > 302 0 30?

OIP^IPCXEIF PEACPU _OJIIL -37 3 82 73 -37



43

HC SECI PEACPU _OJIIL 33> > 334 4 33>

HCACE ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3>0 > 338 30 3>0

HC[JIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 87 > 7? 34 87

HB LC _CLLB -2 : :> 54 -34 7: 27

BC_X OIC_X ^PEACPU _OJIIL 300 > 3?5 34 300

BC_X _^PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 7 > 30 7 7

BC_X WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 333 > 334 7 333BHDBGEBLH ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?? 2 308 320 -0: 7? 0

BLEC_ ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL 20 8 33> 33? -? 27 3

BFHBCWIRP ^PEACPU _OJIIL 02 2 :5 5? -8 73 ?0

BRFI_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 77 > :7 0> 77

BWBPDPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?? 2 330 305 -34 70 30

GCEPGEBLH ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU) -22 3? 0: 2: -?> 07 23

GCPPBP ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL 300 > 305 4 300

GBFD_JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 34 : :: 332 -04 82 3

GBPFWCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8: > 52 84 8:

GEP_X XIC CUIJ PEACPU _OJIIL 3?: > 373 0? 3?:

GPIFXEBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL -2 3> 308 342 -23 4: ?0

GROJRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 35 > 05 3> 35

GRJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL -: 3 ?> ?: -:

DCF BFD _BFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 5 > 44 7: 5DBULCFD ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU) 22 2 385 37? -38 :> 33

DIFD_JCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 7 3> 75 :8 -32 85 0:

DPBBFHCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL -2 3 :7 53 -2

DPBBFPEHDB ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?4 2 3>8 332 -33 27 :

DPBBFTIIH ^PEACPU _OJIIL > 3 32 32 >

DPEGGXJ_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL > > >

DRCFDUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL :4 > 33: ?3 :4

JCED DEPL_' _OJIIL -0 3 38 37 -0

JBFPU ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL -?3 32 03 2> -05 0> 00

JILU EFFIOBFX_' ^PEACPU _OJIIL -05 30 83 70 -03 8> 8:

JIFD MCJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL > > >

JIFD TBF _OJIIL -?5 38 87 7: -00 87 7?

JIPE[IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL -22 3> 58 344 -:? 77 ?:

JIRDCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL -: 3> 5> 30> -?> 75 84JRCAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL -3 3 02 07 -3

EFFIWC ^PEACPU _OJIIL -84 3> 7: 3?4 -75 84 02

KEBAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 0> 2 43 :0 -33 8> 5

KEFD _JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3: > ?3 3? 3:

KRFURCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 30 > 4? 73 30

KRPIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 38 : 4? :7 -3? 84 0>

KRPIFD TB_X ^PEACPU _OJIIL -8 2 55 387 -84 27 3?

KRUEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 323 > 3:8 ?? 323

MBAEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3 5 7? :0 -35 88 08

MJBFD OJBFD _OJIIL 27 2 3?4 32> -3? 75 >

MIFD JTC _OJIIL -8: 38 ?? 74 -?8 ?? 84

MPCFKE ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3>: > 304 35 3>:

MRI OJRCF PEB_@UXBPECF PEACPU _OJIIL -0 5 7? 7: -2 7> 24

LCMB_EHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 2 30? 3?> -4 70 >LECFJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3>3 > 3>2 8 3>3

LIUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL :: > 3>3 3? ::

ACO^JBP_IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 5> > 3>7 37 5>

ACJC @IHJE _OJIIL -?0 30 8: 4> -00 8: 2:

ACPE_ _XBLLC JEDJ _OJIIL -?3 : 28 72 -33 2? 4?

ACP_ELEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 5: > 3>2 4 5:

ACPUAIRFX OIWBFBFX _OJIIL -34 3 80 25 -34

ACUGLITBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL 74 > 5? 07 74

ABB XIJ _OJIIL -4> 30 27 30? -74 2: 73

ABPEHECF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 5: > 3>0 8 5:

ABXJIHE_X DEPL_' (^PEACPU) -0: 38 0: 8> -30 0: 88

AIFXGIPX KRFEIP _OJIIL 300 > 3?2 3? 300

FCF OJECR ^PEACPU _OJIIL -3?3 38 78 37? -55 78 57



40

FCF JRC PEACPU _OJIIL -23 32 03 78 -8? 0> 0:

FCFUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL -37 38 0? ?> -4 0? ?0

FCWCL @C_B ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3>? > 303 3: 3>?

FBT XITF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 03 > 70 83 03

FDBB CFF ^PEACPU _OJIIL -3? 4 70 :: -07 8: ?2

FIPXJ _^PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 72 > 3>4 80 72

FIPXJ WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL -0 > 3? 32 -0FIPXJ WE_XC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 2 3> 0> 32 2

FIPXJLCFH ^PEACPU _OJIIL -22 > 47 327 -:> 20 04

FIPXJICM_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 335 3 3?7 34 335

I^BPC B_XCXB ^PEACPU _OJIIL -7 3 3> 37 -7

^CLA WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 7 > 83 ?2 7

^CPM WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL 80 > 87 8 80

^C_EP PE_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL -85 3? ?3 4> -?5 ?3 83

^CUC LB@CP ABXJIHE_X DEPL_ _OJIIL (^PEACPU) -3> : 44 54 -0> 74 24

^BE OJRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL -?4 3? ?8 72 -?3 ?8 8>

^BE JTC ^PB_@UXBPECF PEACPU _OJIIL -3? 3> 8> 20 -30 8> 83

^BE XIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL -2 3 23 27 -2

^BEUEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 7 > ?5 ?? 7

EIFBBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL > 3 7> 7> >

ÎE OJEFD _OJIIL -4 3> 42 3>8 -05 2? ?3^PEFOB__ BLE[C@BXJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 00 : 50 337 -08 87 >

^RFDDIL DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL > 3 :7 :7 >

^RFDDIL ^PEACPU _OJIIL -3 3 04 0: -3

^RFDDIL WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL :5 3> 35: 0>4 -5 3>3 ?

SECIFCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL > > >

SEGC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 85 ? 334 300 -2 70 :

SEJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?7 > 73 02 ?7

SRBBF_XITF ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?2 > 48 ?5 ?2

PCHEF AC_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL -?2 32 0> 2? -?? 0> 00

PCGGLB_ DEPL_' ^PEACPU _OJIIL > 4 3>0 38? -83 70 03

PBH _TC_XEMC _OJIIL -?? 3> ?7 45 -8? 07 37

PEWBP WCLLBU ^PEACPU _OJIIL 4 : 78 4: -38 8? 00

PEWBP_EHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL :7 0 3:: 358 -7 57 8

PEWBPWCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL -?7 3> :? 388 -73 25 ?8

PI_UXJ _OJIIL -:? 38 0: 52 -74 0: 88

PRLCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL -43 30 0: 5: -4> 05 ?>

_BA@CTCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 35 > 8> 03 35

_BFD MCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL -8 3> 8> 88 -8

_BFDMCFD DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?> 3 35? 027 -7? 3>> 4

_JRSRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL -0> 3> 2? :4 -?8 8> 07

_E LEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 5? > 30? ?> 5?

_EFDCÎPB OJEFB_B DEPL_' PEACPU _OJIIL -38 30 0: ?5 -33 0: ?3

_IRXJ WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL -?? 3> 87 :: -80 ?7 04

_^PEFDHCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 35 > 3?2 337 35

_X CFHPBT'_ KRFEIP _OJIIL -8? : 22 47 -03 28 47

_X CFXJIFU'_ OCFI__ECF PEACPU _OJIIL 0 3> 0: 07 0

_X CFXJIFU'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 0 30 :0 57 -38 72 85

_X DC@PEBL_'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3> > 73 73 > 2> 8>

_X JELHC'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL -7> 4 28 3>7 -20 28 70

_X KI_B^J'_ EF_XEXRXEIF KRFEIP -8? 8 24 45 -00 2: 45

_X ACPDCPBX'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL ? ? :0 52 -3? 74 23

_X _XB^JBF'_ _OJIIL 4 > 48 :> -7 7> 84

_XCAGIPH ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3>> > 330 30 3>>

XCAÊFB_ FIPXJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 80 > 7? 03 80

XCAÊFB_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 84 8 33> 337 -7 2: 2

XCFKIFD MCXIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 73 3 30? 308 -3 70 >

XCI FCF _OJIIL -82 38 80 72 -0? 80 78

XBOM DJBB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 23 2 30? 3?3 -: 72 7

XBOM TJUB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 3>7 > 3?> 08 3>7



4?

XBLIM MRPCR ^PEACPU _OJIIL 32 > ?> 32 32

XBAC_BM ^PEACPU _OJIIL -8? 3> 02 77 -83 02 04

XITF_WELLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 8? > 42 ?0 8?

RFEXU ^PEACPU _OJIIL 20 2 30> 302 -2 78 4

TBLLEFDXIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?2 > 84 30 ?2

TB_X DPIWB ^PEACPU _OJIIL ?? 3> 333 30: -34 70 30

TB_X _^PEFD ^PEACPU : > ?3 0? :TB_X WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL :0 > :4 2 :0

TB_XTIIH ^PEACPU _OJIIL 22 3> 3:> 033 -?3 58 :

TJEXB _CFH_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL 32 3> 43 :? -30 88 34

TIIHDPIWB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 0: 2 53 57 -2 25 07

TIIHLCFH_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL -0 3 08 07 -0

TIIHLCFH_ PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL -? 3 : 33 -?

ZEFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 2? > 48 03 2?

ZEFDFCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL -? > 0> 0? -?

ZEFAEF _OJIIL 35 3> 78 43 -4 ?: 30

ZE_JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 4> > :? 3? 4>

UCFD[JBFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL 0 : 24 4? -37 8> 00

UBT XBB ^PEACPU _OJIIL -0 3 5 33 -0

UEI OJR MCFD _OJIIL ?0 > 74 ?2 ?0

UE_JRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL -3 3 : 5 -3UR FBFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL -?> 3? 0> 82 -02 0> 02

URJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 58 > 300 0: 58

URAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL 2: > 47 3: 2:

[JCFDHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL 84 2 30? 3?0 -5 7: 30

[JBFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 32 > 08 5 32

[JIFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL 80 > :? 83 80



48

3>.8 Pbsults ig m-abcfs olustbrefd;

3>.8.3 Olustbr 3; ?? sojiils

]'CFHBP_IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (KRFEIP)', 'CFDLI

OJEFB_B _OJIIL (^PEACPU)', '@CLB_XEBP JELL ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@RMEX

XEACJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OCFXIFABFX ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK (MCXIFD)

^PEACPU', 'OJEK (IRP LCHU IG DIIH OIRF_BL)', 'OJEK (IRP LCHU SRBBF IG

^BCOB)', 'OJEK ^PEACPU (XIC ^CUIJ)', "OJEK _X FEOJILC_ DEPL_' _OJIIL",

'OJIC OJR MCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GCEPGEBLH ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL

(^PEACPU)', "JCED DEPL_' _OJIIL", 'JBFPU ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'MIFD

JTC _OJIIL', 'ACPE_ _XBLLC JEDJ _OJIIL', "ABXJIHE_X DEPL_' (^PEACPU)",

'FCF JRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FCFUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FDBB CFF

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'I^BPC B_XCXB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^CUC LB@CP

ABXJIHE_X DEPL_ _OJIIL (^PEACPU)', '^BE JTC ^PB_@UXBPECF ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', "PCGGLB_ DEPL_' ^PEACPU _OJIIL", 'PEWBP WCLLBU ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', "_EFDC^IPB OJEFB_B DEPL_' ^PEACPU _OJIIL", '_IRXJ WEBT

^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X ACPDCPBX'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL", "_X _XB^JBF'_

_OJIIL", 'XCFKIFD MCXIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XCI FCF _OJIIL', 'XBAC_BM

^PEACPU _OJIIL'Q

3>.8.0 Olustbr 0; 3>> sojiils

]'CJACH E@PCJEA ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'CLBZCFHPC ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'CFOJIP DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@BHIM DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'@BFHBABBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@LCFDCJ PE_B ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@IIF LCU

DCPHBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@RMEX ^CFKCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@RMEX WEBT

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OC_RCPEFC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OCXJILEO JEDJ _OJIIL',

'OBHCP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJCFDMCX ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK (IRP LCHU IG

XJB FCXEWEXU)', 'OJIFDGR ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJIFD[JBFD ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'OLBABFXE ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OIPCL ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'HC SECI

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'HCACE ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'HB LC _CLLB', 'BC_X OIC_X

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BC_X _^PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BLEC_ ^CPM ^PEACPU



42

_OJIIL', 'BRFI_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GCPPBP ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'GBFD_JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GBPFWCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GROJRF

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GRJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'DCF BFD _BFD ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'DBULCFD ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU)', 'DPEGGXJ_ ^PEACPU_OJIIL', 'DRCFDUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "JILU EFFIOBFX_' ^PEACPU

_OJIIL", 'JIFD TBF _OJIIL', 'JIRDCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'EFFIWC

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'KEFD _JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'KRPIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'MBAEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'MJBFD OJBFD _OJIIL', 'MPCFKE ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'LCMB_EHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'LECFJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'LIUCFD

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ACO^JBP_IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ACPUAIRFX OIWBFBFX

_OJIIL', 'ACUGLITBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ABPEHECF ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'FCWCL @C_B ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FIPXJ _^PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FIPXJ

WE_XC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^CLA WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^CPM WEBT ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', '^C_EP PE_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^BE XIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^BEUEFD

^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^PEFOB__ BLE[C@BXJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^RFDDIL DPBBF

^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^RFDDIL ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^RFDDIL WEBT ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'SECIFCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'SEGC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'SRBBF_XITF

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'PBH _TC_XEMC _OJIIL', 'PI_UXJ _OJIIL', 'PRLCFD

^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_BA@CTCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_BFD MCFD ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', '_JRSRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_E LEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X

CFHPBT'_ KRFEIP _OJIIL", "_X CFXJIFU'_ OCFI__ECF ^PEACPU _OJIIL",

"_X DC@PEBL_'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL", "_X JELHC'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL", "_X

KI_B^J'_ EF_XEXRXEIF KRFEIP", '_XCAGIPH ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XBOM DJBB

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XBOM TJUB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XBLIM MRPCR ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'XITF_WELLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'RFEXU ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TB_X

DPIWB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TB_X WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TJEXB _CFH_

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TIIHDPIWB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TIIHLCFH_ ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'TIIHLCFH_ PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ZEFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'ZEFAEF _OJIIL', 'ZE_JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'UCFD[JBFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'UBT XBB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'UE_JRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'UR FBFD ^PEACPU



47

_OJIIL', 'URJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '[JCFDHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '[JBFDJRC

^PEACPU _OJIIL', '[JIFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL'Q

3>.8.? Olustbr ?; 24 sojiils

]'CHAEPCLXU ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'CE XIFD _OJIIL', 'CFD AI MEI ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', '@BCOIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@BHIM TB_X ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'OCF@BPPC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OCFI__C OIFWBFX ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK

(MBLLIOM)', 'OIA^C__WCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OIFOIPH ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'OIPÎPCXEIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'HC[JIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BC_X WEBT

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BHDBGEBLH ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BFHBCWIRP ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'BWBPDPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GEP_X XIC ^CUIJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'GPIFXEBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'DIFD_JCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'DPBBFHCLB

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'DPBBFPEHDB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'DPBBFTIIH ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'JIFD MCJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'JIPE[IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'JRCAEF

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'KEBAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'KRFURCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'KRPIFD TB_X ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'KRUEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'MRI OJRCF

^PEB_@UXBPECF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ACJC @IHJE _OJIIL', 'ACP_ELEFD

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ABB XIJ _OJIIL', 'AIFXGIPX KRFEIP _OJIIL', 'FCF

OJECR ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FBT XITF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FIPXJ WEBT^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FIPXJLCFH ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FIPXJICM_ ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', '^BE OJRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ÊIFBBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ÎE OJEFD

_OJIIL', 'SEJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'PCHEF AC_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'PEWBP_EHB

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'PEWBPWCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_BFDMCFD DPBBF

^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_^PEFDHCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X CFXJIFU'_ ^PEACPU

_OJIIL", 'XCAÊFB_ FIPXJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XCAÊFB_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'TBLLEFDXIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TB_X _^PEFD ^PEACPU', 'TB_XTIIH

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ZEFDFCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'UEI OJR MCFD _OJIIL',

'URAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL'Q



44

3>.2 Pbsults ig jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd;

3>.2.3 Olustbr 3; 37 sojiils

]'PEWBP WCLLBU ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X ACPDCPBX'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL",

'CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (KRFEIP)', 'CFDLI OJEFB_B _OJIIL (^PEACPU)',

'@CLB_XEBP JELL ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK ^PEACPU (XIC ^CUIJ)', 'JBFPU ^CPM

^PEACPU _OJIIL', "PCGGLB_ DEPL_' ^PEACPU _OJIIL", 'XCFKIFD MCXIFD

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FCFUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "ABXJIHE_X DEPL_'

(^PEACPU)", "_EFDC^IPB OJEFB_B DEPL_' ^PEACPU _OJIIL"Q

3>.2.0

Olustbr 0; 77 sojiils

]'OJCFDMCX ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'MBAEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJIFD[JBFD

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'KRPIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BLEC_ ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'_IRXJ WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ACPUAIRFX OIWBFBFX _OJIIL', 'XBOM

DJBB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ACO^JBP_IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OBHCP ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'MJBFD OJBFD _OJIIL', 'XITF_WELLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^RFDDIL

DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BC_X OIC_X ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TB_X DPIWB

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'HC SECI ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_JRSRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL','PI_UXJ _OJIIL', 'PRLCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ZEFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'^RFDDIL WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X CFHPBT'_ KRFEIP _OJIIL", 'BRFI_

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'JIFD TBF _OJIIL', '[JIFDJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'GROJRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_E LEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OLBABFXE ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'SEGC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GBFD_JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'HCACE

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GBPFWCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@LCFDCJ PE_B ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'OCXJILEO JEDJ _OJIIL', 'UCFD[JBFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'DRCFDUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@BFHBABBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^BE XIFD

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'DCF BFD _BFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'SRBBF_XITF ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', '[JCFDHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X DC@PEBL_'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL",

'GCPPBP ^CPM ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X KI_B^J'_ EF_XEXRXEIF KRFEIP",

'CLBZCFHPC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_XCAGIPH ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OCFXIFABFX



4:

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK (IRP LCHU SRBBF IG ^BCOB)', 'FDBB CFF ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'OJIC OJR MCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XBAC_BM ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

"OJEK _X FEOJILC_ DEPL_' _OJIIL", 'ACPE_ _XBLLC JEDJ _OJIIL', '@RMEX

XEACJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK (IRP LCHU IG DIIH OIRF_BL)', 'I^BPC B_XCXB^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XCI FCF _OJIIL', "JCED DEPL_' _OJIIL", 'FCF JRC

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK (MCXIFD) ^PEACPU', "_X _XB^JBF'_ _OJIIL",

'GCEPGEBLH ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU)', '^CUC LB@CP ABXJIHE_X DEPL_

_OJIIL (^PEACPU)', '^BE JTC ^PB_@UXBPECF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'CFHBP_IF

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'MIFD JTC _OJIIL'Q

3>.2.?

Olustbr ?; 330 sojiils

]'@BCOIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ÊIFBBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OIFOIPH ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'KRUEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ZEFDFCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'OIA^C__WCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TB_X _^PEFD ^PEACPU', 'DPBBFPEHDB

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FIPXJLCFH ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ACP_ELEFD ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'OCF@BPPC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'SEJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'FIPXJICM_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BFHBCWIRP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'JRCAEF

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TBLLEFDXIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'BWBPDPBBF ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'FIPXJ WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'KRPIFD TB_X ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'HC[JIFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'AIFXGIPX KRFEIP _OJIIL', 'OCFI__C

OIFWBFX ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ÎE OJEFD _OJIIL', 'PEWBPWCLB ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', "_X CFXJIFU'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL", '@BHIM TB_X ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'UEI OJR MCFD _OJIIL', 'GPIFXEBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'JIFD MCJ ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'KEBAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OIPÎPCXEIF ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'TB_XTIIH ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ACJC @IHJE _OJIIL', 'CE XIFD _OJIIL', '^BEOJRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ABB XIJ _OJIIL', 'BHDBGEBLH ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'DPBBFHCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'JIPE[IF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FCF OJECR

^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_^PEFDHCLB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XCAÊFB_ ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'DIFD_JCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XCAÊFB_ FIPXJ ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'BC_X WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'KRFURCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FBT



45

XITF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'MRI OJRCF ^PEB_@UXBPECF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK

(MBLLIOM)', 'PCHEF AC_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'CFD AI MEI ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'GEP_X XIC ^CUIJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'RFEXU ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'MPCFKE

^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^C_EP PE_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TIIHLCFH_ ^PEACPU_OJIIL', 'TIIHLCFH_ PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OC_RCPEFC ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'BC_X _^PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TJEXB _CFH_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'LIUCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FCWCL @C_B ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'EFFIWC

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OIPCL ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TIIHDPIWB ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', '^BEUEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^PEFOB__ BLE[C@BXJ ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'PEWBP_EHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'CHAEPCLXU ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'DPBBFTIIH

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'URAEF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'CFOJIP DPBBF ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', '_BFDMCFD DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'URJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'OJIFDGR ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'FIPXJ _^PEFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^RFDDIL

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'OJEK (IRP LCHU IG XJB FCXEWEXU)', 'FIPXJ WE_XC ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', '_BFD MCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'GRJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^CLA

WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'DPEGGXJ_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@RMEX WEBT ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'JIRDCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'LECFJRC ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '@IIF

LCU DCPHBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'SECIFCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'PBH _TC_XEMC

_OJIIL', '@RMEX ^CFKCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'XBLIM MRPCR ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'ABPEHECF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '_BA@CTCFD ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'TB_X

WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'HB LC _CLLB', 'XBOM TJUB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'UBT

XBB ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '^CPM WEBT ^PEACPU _OJIIL', '[JBFDJRC ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', "JILU EFFIOBFX_' ^PEACPU _OJIIL", 'ZEFAEF _OJIIL', 'UR FBFD

^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'CJACH E@PCJEA ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'ZE_JCF ^PEACPU

_OJIIL', 'UE_JRF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X CFXJIFU'_ OCFI__ECF ^PEACPU

_OJIIL", '@BHIM DPBBF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', "_X JELHC'_ ^PEACPU _OJIIL",

'DBULCFD ABXJIHE_X _OJIIL (^PEACPU)', 'ACUGLITBP ^PEACPU _OJIIL',

'KEFD _JCF ^PEACPU _OJIIL', 'LCMB_EHB ^PEACPU _OJIIL'Q

3>.7 Cfclyses ig jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd rbsults



:>

Gedurb 3>.3 plits wbedjtbh jiusb preobs cdcefst wbedjtbh sojiil rcfmefds, wetj hctc piefts

olustbrbh tjriudj cddliabrctevb jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd.

Gria tjes cfclyses, Olustbr 3 oifsests ig sojiils tjct crb lioctbh ef bxtrbably bxpbfsevb rbdeifs.

Xjb preob heggbrbfobs crb auoj airb bxcddbrctbh cs oiapcrbh ti tjb cfclyses hifb usefd m-

abcfs olustbrefd. Xjbsb heggbrbfobs crb suaacrezbh ef Xc`lb 3>.0.

G edurb 3>.3 Drcpj ig wbedjtbh-cvbrcdb preob piefts plittbh cdcefst wbedjtbh

sojiil rcfmefds, oilirbh `y olustbr cgtbr jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd.



:3

Xc`lb 3>.0 Aefeaua, acxeaua, cfh cvbrcdb preob piefts ef bcoj olustbr cgtbr jebrcrojeocl

olustbrefd.

Liwbr-`iufh ^reob Tbedjtbh ^reob Rppbr-`iufh ^reob

Aef Cvd Acx Aef Cvd Acx Aef Cvd Acx

Olustbr 3 3083.> 38::.2 347>.> 302>.> 32>3.3 3472.? 302>.> 3202.7 347:.>

Olustbr 0 ?75.> 745.? 332:.> 880.7 423.7 3357.4 :?8.> 3375.8 3:>4.>

Olustbr ? ?00.> 8>3.3 780.> ?00.> 8?0.> 780.> ?00.> 708.? 55:.>

Xitcl ?00.> 277.8 347>.> ?00.> 73>.: 3472.? ?00.> ::3.0 3:>4.>

Cf efvbstedcteif ig tjb wbedjtbh sojiil rcfmefds ef Xc`lb 3>.? clsi fitbs tjb bxtrbab

hespripirteifctb suoobss ig sojiils ef olustbr 3, wetj ets cvbrcdb rcfmbh sojiil `befd c jedj

?4.>: cs oiapcrbh ti :3.55 cfh 50.:? gir olustbrs 0 cfh ? rbspbotevbly.

Xc`lb 3>.? Xjb rcfms ig tjb `bst, wirst, cfh cvbrcdb sojiils ef bcoj olustbr cgtbr jebrcrojeoclolustbrefd.

Tbedjtbh rcfmefds gria 0>>5-0>38

@bst rcfmefd Cvd rcfmefd Tirst rcfmefd _H

Olustbr 3 0.24 (_efdcpirb Ojefbsb Derls― ^reacry) ?4.>: 33:.35 ?3.?:

Olustbr 0 3.8: (Pulcfd ^reacry) :3.55 37?.:> 82.02

Olustbr ? ?.5> (_t Jelhc―s ^reacry _ojiil) 50.:? 378.20 82.04



:0

Gurtjbr cfclyses ig tjb oretbrec usbh ef sboteif 7 clsi hbaifstrctb c seaelcr pieft hbspetb tjb

heggbrbfobs ef olustbrefd cldiretja; tjct sblbotevb, pipulcr cfh diih sojiils crb oiaaifly

lioctbh ef bxpbfsevb hestreots tjct sbrvbs cs cf boifiaeo `crrebr ti ojelhjiih suoobss. Xc`lbs cfh

Gedurb 3>.8 tjriudj 3>.5 privehb c vesucl suaacry ig iur oifoluseifs. Xjbsb crb lcrdbly seaelcrti iur gefhefds usefd m-abcfs olustbrefd cfh blc`irctbh ef tjb `ihy.

Fitb tjct tjb c`silutb fua`br ig DB^ cfh `rcfhbh sojiils ef olustbr 3 gbll, cs sjiwf ef tc`lb

3>.8. Jiwbvbr, tjes ocf `b bxplcefbh `y tjb gcot tjct olustbr 3 hborbcsbh ef sezb, gria ti ?? ti 30.

Cfclyzefd tjb pbrobftcdb ig sojiils tjct `blifd ti tjb DB^ cfh `rcfhbh octbdiry sjiws tjct

olustbr 3 wcs bvbf airb sblbotevb, cs sjiwf ef tc`lb 3>.7.2.



:?

Xc`lb 3>.8 Lest ig su`kbotevbly bletb sojiils cfh tjber oirrbspifhefd olustbr fua`brs cgtbr

jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd.

_ojiil typb _ojiil fcab Olustbr

DB^

_ojiils

Fcfycfd ^reacry _ojiil 3

Pisytj _ojiil 0

Xci Fcf _ojiil 0

_t Jelhc―s ^reacry _ojiil ?

Pcgglbs Derls― ^reacry _ojiil 3

Fcf Juc ^reacry _ojiil 0

Cfdli Ojefbsb _ojiil (^reacry) 3

Octjileo Jedj _ojiil 0

Jbfry ^crm ^reacry _ojiil 3

@rcfhbh

_ojiils

Cfdli Ojefbsb _ojiil (Kufeir) 3

_efdcpirb Ojefbsb Derls― ^reacry

_ojiil

3

Abtjihest Derls― (^reacry) 3

OJEK _t Feojilcs Derls― _ojiil 0

Ce Xifd _ojiil ?

_t Kisbpj's Efstetuteif Kufeir 0



:8

Xc`lb 3>.2 Hestre`uteif ig su`kbotevbly bletb sojiils coriss olustbrs cgtbr jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd.

% DB^ sojiils % @rcfhbh sojiils % Cll bletb sojiils

Olustbr 3 ??.? 02.> 2:.?

Olustbr 0 7.>7 ?.>? 5.>5

Olustbr ? >.:5 >.:5 3.45

G edurb 3>.7 Xjb cvbrcdb cffucl rcfms ig sojiils ef bcoj olustbr `btwbbf 0>>5 cfh 0>38,

efolusevb, cgtbr jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd.

>

0>

8>

7>

:>

3>>

30>

0>>5 0>3> 0>33 0>30 0>3? 0>38

_ojiil Pcfmefds `y Ubcr

Olustbr 3 Olustbr 0 Olustbr ?



:2

Xc`lb 3>.4 Lcrdbst hbgeoet, lcrdbst surplus, cfh cvbrcdb hbgeoet/surplus ef bcoj olustbr cgtbr

jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd= c sojiil ef hbgeoet es ivbrsu`sore`bh cfh tjus pipulcr, wjelb c sojiil ef

surplus es ufhbrsu`sore`bh.

Lcrdbst hbgeoet Cvbrcdb

hbgeoet/surplus

Lcrdbst surplus _H

Olustbr 3 -?4 (OJEK ^reacry (Xic ^cyij)) -3.?? 57 (Cfdscfc) ?:.53

Olustbr 0 -:? (Pisytj) 37.44 300 (@lcfdcj Pesb) 85.44

Olustbr ? -3?3 (Fcf Ojecu) 00.70 323 (Kuyefd) 8:.?4

Xc`lb 3>.: Liwbst, jedjbst cfh cvbrcdb soirbs gir tjb rblbvcfob ig jiab-sojiil hestcfob tichaesseif gir sojiils ef bcoj olustbr cgtbr jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd= c jedjbr soirb hbfitbs

drbctbr rblbvcfob ct c devbf sojiil.

Lbcst eapirtcft Cvbrcdb eapirtcfob Aist eapirtcft _H

Olustbr 3 > :.80 32.> 2.>3

Olustbr 0 > 8.:8 32.> 2.32

Olustbr ? > ?.:> 32.> 8.7:



Xc`lb 3>.5 Liwbst, jedjbst, cfh cvbrcdb Xcmb-Rp Pctb ct tjb bfh ig ^jcsb 0C ig sojiils ef bcoj

olustbr cgtbr jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd.

Liwbst XRP Cvbrcdb XRP Jedjbst XRP _H

Olustbr 3 03.> (Cfdscfc ^reacry) 73.3 5>.> (Fcfycfd ^reacry) 35.?

Olustbr 0 >.> (sbvbrcl) 82.5 :2.> (Xci Fcf ^reacry) 35.0

Olustbr ? >.> (Jifd Mcj ^reacry) 80.> ::.> (Ce Xifd) 32.?

Xi oifoluhb, usefd jebrcrojeocl olustbrefd gurtjbr bxbaplegebs tjb hevbrdbfobs ef jiusefd preob

cfh sojiil quclety coriss olustbrs.

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