ever faithful by david sartorius

8/13/2019 Ever Faithful by David Sartorius

1/43

M@^AM [@U]HUAZ[

J ^ J U N @ A ] C N Z I

U`kj, Ihy`ity, `dm tcj Jdms hn Joparj ad [p`dasc Kue`


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vjr NàtcnuiJvjr NàtcuiU`kj, Ihyìty, `dm tcj Jdms hn Joparj ad [p`dasc Kue`

Mugj Zdavjrsaty Vrjss Murcò `dm Ihdmhd 560;


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560; Mugj Zdavjrsaty Vrjss. @ii ralcts rjsjrvjm

Vradtjm ad tcj Zdatjm [t`tjs h @ojrak` hd `kam-rjj p`pjr

yjsjt ad Oadahd Vrh ey \jstkcjstjr Vueiascadl [jrvakjs.

Iaer`ry h Khdlrjss K`tìhladl-ad-Vueiak`tahd M`t`

[`rthraus, M`vam @.

Jvjr àtcui 2 r`kj, ihyìty, `dm tcj jdms h joparj

ad [p`dasc Kue` / M`vam [`rthraus.p`ljs ko

Adkiumjs eaeiahlr`pcakì rjjrjdkjs `dm admjx.

1


4/43

Vrjn`kjvaa @kgdhwijmlojdtsxv

@ Nàtcui @kkhudt h Khihdaì U`kaì Vhiataks 0

Ejihdladl th `d Joparj 50U`kj `dm Ualcts

[uspakahus @ datajs :5

Ihyì [uebjktavaty `dm tcj V`tjrdìast Vueiak

]j \aii th Nrjjmho 1=

[p`dasc @iijla`dkjs ad tcj ]jd Qj`rs \`r

Vueiakazadl Ihyìty 053

U`kj `dm tcj Vhst-R`dbd Vueiak [pcjrj

Ihdl Iavj [pàd! Mj`tc th @uthdhoy! 0:3

Iaejrìaso `dm [i`vj Jo`dkap`tahd

]j Vrakj h Adtjlraty 03@ttjdtahd th phpui`r phiataks

c`s dht saopiy o`mj vasaeij ` wamjr k`st h `kthrs7 at c`s ìsh rjvjìjm chw

r`kaì amjhihly sc`pjm prhbjkts h admjpjdmjdkj, rhyìaso, `dm o`dy htcjr

ao`ladjm phiatakì khooudatajs wchsj phssaeaiatajs c`vj ejjd rjdmjrjm ad-

vasaeij ey ` dj`r sadlij-oadmjm hkus hd tcj hro`tahd h d`tahdì st`tjs.

]us tcj tatij pcr`sj jdms h joparj. U`tcjr tc`d amjdtayadl tcj ljdjr`-

tahd h wjìtc hr pi`dtjrs dm tcj [p`dasc st`tj s tcj shij jdm, hr lhì, h tcj

aopjraì prhbjkt, tcas ehhg jopc`sazjs tcj ouitapij rj`shds tc`t joparj i`stjm

sh ihdl ad Kue`, dòjiy ejkùsj sh o`dy admavamuìs ihhgjm th khihdaì ruij

th `ttàd ` wamj v`rajty h jdms. @ohdl tchsj àos lurjm hroì ojoejr-

scap ad ` phiatakì khooudaty tc`t w`s shojtaojs adkiusavj h (eut djvjr jx-

cùstjm ey) tcj amj` h iaejrì katazjdscap. \j k`d ìsh udmjrst`dm tcj jdms

h joparj th rjjr th ats iaoats hr jxtrjoatajs. Admjjm, tcj casthry h ihyìty ad

Kue` k`ddht ej thim `s hdj h udquìajm sukkjss. Hdj h tcj rj`shds tc`t

tcj khdkjpt cjim sh oukc vìuj tcrhulchut tcj dadjtjjdtc kjdtury w`s ej-

kùsj `t shoj phadt bust èhut jvjryhdj jxprjssjm maskhdtjdt watc [p`dascruij hd tcj asi`dm. ]jy maskhvjrjm `dm tjstjm tcj iaoats h joparjwcjrj

tcjar ihyìty ejl`d `dm jdmjmadkiumadl tcj qujstahd h wcjtcjr Kue`ds h

@rak`d mjskjdt khuim ej khdsamjrjm, `dm gdhw tcjosjivjs th ej, ihyì sue-

bjkts. Nadìiy, tcj jdms h joparj `rj hevahusiy kcrhdhihlakì. Dh sadlij yj`r

o`rgjm tcj jdm h tcj [p`dasc joparj, `s v`rahus `rj`s h [p`dasc tjrrathry

mjki`rjm admjpjdmjdkj `t mastjrjdt taojs. Ohrjhvjr, tcj o`dy djw d`tahds

tc`t jojrljm muradl tcj dadjtjjdtc kjdtury jit tcj jstjkts h khihdaì ruij

ihdl `njr ats hroì khdkiusahd. @dm h khursj, joparj ad Kue` mam dht jdm ad0313 watc vakthry `làdst [pàd ad tcj admjpjdmjdkj w`r7 tcj adtjrvjdtahd h


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@ Nàtcui @kkhudt :

tcj Zdatjm [t`tjs `t tcj jdm h tcj khdakt saldìjm ` djw aopjraì prjsjdkj tc`t

hpjr`tjm hd djw tjros. ]us, tcj lhìs `dm iaoats h [p`dasc aopjraìaso ad

Kue` adtjrsjkt watc tcj kcrhdhihlakì qujstahds h wcy joparj mamdt jdm

j`riajr `dm chw at jvjdtuìiy mam.

Ihhgadl th ejladdadls, ad khdtr`st, tcj aophrt`dkj h phpui`r supphrt hrJurhpj`d ruij ad tcj khihdaì @ojrak`s c`m iohst iw`ys ejjd djkjss`ry hr

tcj jstèiascojdt h joparj, `dm hr oukc h tcj khihdaì pjrahm tc`t supphrt

khìjskjm `rhudm tcj lurj h tcj ejdjvhijdt `dm prhtjktavj ohd`rkc.Mj-

pjdmadl hd tcjar ijlì `dm shkaì st`tus `s si`vjs, rjj pjhpij, Adma`ds, hr

whojd `dm kcaimrjd, admavamuìs `ssuojm th ej adjrahr khuim i`y kiào th

rhyì ejdj`ktahd ey hkkupyadl ` suebjkt phsatahd `s cuoeij `dm ihyì sue-

bjkts watc stjktavj tajs th joparj. Nhr jxòpij, Jrak `d Qhudl c`s rlujm ehut

Djw [pàd tc`t ad tcj [p`dasc khihdy `s hdj mjskjdmjm tcj shkaì pyròam`dm hudm hdjs sji ad ` khudtrysamj staii prjmhoad`dtiy admaljdhus ad

o`gjup, tcj sald h tcj tyr`ddhus ohd`rkc rjvjrsjm atsji adth tc`t h tcj

mjjdmjr h cas ohst cuoeij suebjkts, wch ejkòj tcj hebjkt h ojssa`dak jr-

vhr. @t tcj sòj taoj, `ssuoptahds (`dm advjdtahds) h admaljdhus ìij-

la`dkj th tcj [p`dasc systjo ìihwjm admjpjdmjdkj supphrtjrs th k`st Adma`ds

`s e`kgw`rm dm udt hr tcj Ojxak`d d`tahd.]j prhtjktavj jtchs khuim ej

jxtjdmjm `s wjii th tcj ouitapij chimjrs h shvjrjaldty ad tcj khihdaì whrim2

khihdaì h kaìs ad [pàd `dm ad tcj khihdajs `t tcj ijvji h vakj-rhyìtajs,

k`ptàdkajs ljdjrì, prhvadkjs `dm thwds, `dm jvjd si`vjhwdjrs. D`tavj jiatjs

wchsj kiàos th dheaiaty wjrj e`kgjm ey [p`dasc ùtchraty hudm str`tjlak

rj`shds th supphrt khihdaìaso2 @dmj`d pj`s`dts ad tcj @y`kukch rjlahd `r-

takui`tjm ìtjrd`tavjs th tcj d`skjdt Vjruva`d st`tj ad tcj i`dlu`lj h ihyìty

th tcj [p`dasc krhwd. [i`vjs ad Djw Lr`d`m` amjdtajm tcjosjivjs cas

O`bjstys si`vjs ad ` pjtatahd `t tcj jdm h tcj jalctjjdtc kjdtury, `dm r`kaì

cajr`rkcajs tcjrj rji`xjm `s tcj Ehurehd st`tj rjkhldazjm tcj phiatakì ejdj-

ts h ` roadl si`vjs kiàos th chdhr `dm rjspjkt.\atc tcj `rravì h tcj

Vhrtulujsj khurt th Uah mj B`djarh ad 0363, Er`zaia`d si`vjs usjm rhyì khurtsth `mv`dkj pjtatahds hr rjjmho, wcakc, tchulc tcjy wjrj r`rjiy sukkjssui,

` rojm tcj ùtchraty h tcj ohd`rkc hvjr tc`t h si`vj hwdjrs.@dm [p`dasc

h kaìs `ktavjiy shulct tcj oaiat`ry supphrt h @rak`d-mjskjdmjm suebjkts,

ehtc rjj `dm jdsi`vjm, muradl tcj [hutc @ojrak`d w`rs hr admjpjdmjdkj.

Nhr shoj rjj ojd, tcas jxtjdmjm tcjar sjrvakj ad rjj-khihrjm oaiata`s `dm,

hr shoj si`vjs, at rjprjsjdtjm `d hpphrtudaty hr rjjmho.

]j kuoui`tavj aop`kt h tcjsj casthrajs jdkhur`ljs ` rjjxòad`tahd h

tcj r`kaì phiataks h Kue`d ihyìty th [p`dasc ruij. ]as djjm dht djl`tj tcjsaldak`dkj h Kue`s [p`dasc `dm krjhij ij`mjrs, wchsj ki`ss adtjrjsts `dm


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r`kaì `dxajtajs adhrojm tcjar hwd ìijla`dkj. U`tcjr, at hpjds up djw phssa-

eaiatajs hr udmjrst`dmadl tcj rhij h r`kj ad dadjtjjdtc-kjdtury Kue`d shka-

jty, `dm at erh`mjds ` jim h phiataks typakìiy mavamjm adth maskrjtj khihdaì

`dm d`tahdì udats. Admasputèiy, ohst Kue`ds h @rak`d mjskjdt rjlui`riy

khdrhdtjm maskraoad`tahd, vahijdkj, `dm ijlì suehrmad`tahd udmjr khihdaìruij. O`dy (hnjd tchsj wch wjrj ijlìiy rjj) ìsh hudm hpphrtudatajs hr

ojoejrscap `dm oheaiaty ad [p`dasc adstatutahds. [jp`r`tj oaiata` udats kho-

phsjm h rjj ei`kg `dm oui`tth ojd, hr jxòpij, c`m jxastjm ad shoj Kue`d

thwds sadkj tcj saxtjjdtc kjdtury. ]j o`ss `rravìs h @rak`d si`vjs ad tcj

i`tj jalctjjdtc `dm j`riy dadjtjjdtc kjdturajs mw`rjm eut djvjr jxtadluascjm

tcj khooudatajs h rji`tavjiy prhspjrhus rjj pjhpij h khihr, p`rtakui`riy ad

ure`d `rj`s. Kèaimhs`dm khnr`m`s, i`y erhtcjrchhms `dm outuì àm hrl`-

daz`tahds, l`vj s`dktahdjm adstatutahdì strukturj th hrl`daz`tahds h rjj`dm jdsi`vjm Kue`ds h khihr tc`t shojtaojs prjsjrvjm @rak`d jtcdak mjs-

ald`tahds. Dh whdmjr, tcjd, tc`t tcj si`vjs iavadl ad tcj khppjr-oadadl

khooudaty h Ji Kherj, ad j`stjrd Kue`, jxpjrajdkjm ` calciy khdmatahdì

rjjmho hdkj tcj krhwd khdsk`tjm mjrjiakt oadjs. @ marjkt iadj th rhyì

ùtchraty ìihwjm tcj rhyì si`vjs th o`gj kiàos e`sjm hd tcjar prhjssjm

ihyìty th tcjar gadl `dm o`stjr. [i`vjs ad tcj j`riy dadjtjjdtc kjdtury `ktjm

hd ruohrs h jo`dkap`tahd ey rhyì ùtchraty, ` pcjdhojdhd tc`t O`tt Kcaims

tjros rjejiiahus rhyìaso.Dhdj h tcjsj `spjkts h Kue`d shkajty lu`r`d-

tjjm ihyìty th [p`dasc ruij, eut tcjy hstjrjm st`tus iadgjm th, `dm dht ad mj-

`dkj h, put`tavjiy suehrmad`tadl r`kaì amjdtak`tahds. ]j pradkapì khdtr`st

ejtwjjd prh-khihdaì ìijla`dkj ad dadjtjjdtc-kjdtury Kue` `dm tcj j`riajr

jxòpijs ad Aejra`d @ojrak` as tc`t tcj lurj h tcj ohd`rkc cjim oukc

ijss purkc`sj `s tcj joehmaojdt h [p`dasc bustakj. Mrò`tak tr`dshro`-

tahds ad [p`dasc phiataks tcrhulchut tcj kjdtury o`mj hros h rjpueiak`d

lhvjrdojdttcj Khrtjs (tcj p`riaòjdt), v`rahus khdstatutahds, `dm jvjd

phiatakì p`rtajs` ohrj vasaeij saldajr h [p`dasc shvjrjaldty dm tcj phs-

saeaiaty h ralcts, katazjdscap, dm adkiusahd.Uuddadl tcrhulchut tcjsj mjvjihpojdts, tcj phiatakì qujstahd h wcjtcjr

Kue`ds h khihr khuim jxprjss ihyìty th [p`dasc ruij w`s adjxtrakèiy ehudm

up watc tcj shkaì rjìo, p`rtakui`riy tcj quhtama`d jxpjrajdkj h si`vjry.

Cuoaiaty, hejmajdkj, ihyìty, wrhtj Er`zaia`d casthra`d G`ta` O`tthsh7 tcjsj

wjrj tcj khrdjrsthdjs h tcj si`vjs djw iaj. Admjxadl tcj tjros ey wcakc tcj

lhhm si`vj khuim `kquarj tcj gdhw-chw th aoprhvj cjr hr cas satu`tahd,

O`tthsh o`gjs kij`r tcj p`tjrdìastak vìujs khoohd th o`dy si`vj shkajtajs

ad tcj @ojrak`s, Kue` adkiumjm.>

]as amjìazjm rji`tahdscap c`s pi`yjm `khopiak`tjm rhij ad mjpaktahds h si`vjry ad tcj @ojrak`s, `dm at khdmatahdjm


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@ Nàtcui @kkhudt Hd kihsjr adspjktahd, `dswjrs hr tcj twh phiatakì hros k`d ej strag-

adliy saoai`r wcjd pi`kjm samj ey samj. @sgadl chw ihyìty th `d joparj mastjrs

rho ihyìty th ` d`tahd-st`tj aopiajs, `t ij`st ad p`rt, tc`t tcj twh phiatakì

hros `rj outuìiy jxkiusavj7 tcas w`s dht tcj k`sj ad dadjtjjdtc-kjdtury Kue`.Ad tcj khdtjxt h tcj @ojrak`s, sadliadl hut aopjraì ihyìty `s ` casthrakì


25/43

@ Nàtcui @kkhudt 1

prheijo rjadhrkjs `d `ssuojm jvhiutahd`ry prhlrjssahd rho khihdaì

ruij th d`tahdì admjpjdmjdkj, hr `t ij`st th phiatakì ` ia`tahds tc`t `rj

dhd- hr phstaopjraì. ]hsj `ssuoptahds mh dht hralad`tj watc khdtjoph-

r`ry skchi`rs. Kue`d adtjiijktuì N`tcjr Niax ^`rji`, hr jxòpij, wrhtj ad

035= tc`t wc`tjvjr supphrt jxastjm hr Gadl Njrmad`dm ÂA h [pàd whuimdjvjr survavj tcj o`rkc h prhlrjss2 \cjtcjr Njrd`dmh w`dts at hr dht, `dm

rjl`rmijss h tcj hpadahd h cas v`ssìs hd tcj asi`dm h Kue`, tcj khudtrys

rjvhiutahd as adjvatèij.]j ud`vhamèaiaty h d`tahdì admjpjdmjdkj rhu-

tadjiy aopiajs tc`t e`m phiatakì tr`matahds hralad`tjm watc khihdaì ruij `dm

tc`t tcj lhhm hdjs jojrljm watc d`tahd-st`tjs, jvjd wcjd tcjar amjìs h

d`tahdì ralcts `dm katazjdscap `rj dht uiiy rjìazjm.

]j phadt cjrj as dht tc`t khihdaì ruij w`s lhhm hr e`m hr tcj Kue`ds

wch iavjm udmjr at, hr ejttjr hr whrsj tc`d ` d`tahdì lhvjrdojdt. Hdj pur-phsj h tcas ehhg as th erh`miy jxpihrj wc`t phiatakì pr`ktakjs khihdaì ruij

jdèijm `dm supprjssjm, wch khuim pr`ktakj tcjo, `dm tcj kratjra` hr mjtjr-

oadadl tc`t wch. Oy `pprh`kc st`dms ad khdtr`st th casthrajs h i`tj [p`d-

asc khihdaìaso tc`t mhpt tcj ròj h d`tahd-st`tjs (`dm tcjar d`kcrhdastak

phstkhihdaì dòjs sukc s Ojxakh, tcj Mhoadak`d Ujpueiak, hr Ehiava`) dm

whrg e`kgw`rm th tr`kj tcj casthrakì jvjdts tc`t ijm th tcj sukkjssui rjìaz`-

tahd h d`tahds. Adstj`m, A t`gj up Nrjmjrakg Khhpjrs kcìijdlj th khdsamjr

wc`t at oj`dt hr ` phiaty th tcadg iagj `d joparj, th khdbul`tj adkhrphr`tahd

`dm mastjrjdta`tahd, th khdrhdt prheijos h ihdl-mast`dkj jxtjdsahd dm rjk-

hldazj iaoats h khdtrhi hvjr i`rlj `dm mavjrsj phpui`tahds.]adgadl iagj

`d joparj w`s dht iaoatjm th ats phiatakì `dm jkhdhoak jiatjs, `dm at cjips

jxpiàd wcy tcj [p`dasc oalct c`vj kuitav`tjm `dm rjkjavjm tcj supphrt h

hrmad`ry Kue`ds.

]as `pprh`kc th joparj ìsh rjsthrjs shoj khdtadljdky th Kue`d cas-

thry ey `vhamadl j`sy `ssuoptahds tc`t tcj asi`dms tr`bjkthry w`s mji`yjm

hr hut h stjp, tc`t hpphsatahd th [p`dasc ruij w`s tcj mjùit phsatahd h ohst

Kue`ds, hr tc`t Kue`d d`tahdìaso w`s tcj shij jdladj h phpui`r phiataksad tcj dadjtjjdtc kjdtury. @m` Njrrjr, Bhrlj Ae`rr`, `dm Nr`dkaskh Vrjz

Luzod, òhdl htcjrs, c`vj tchrhulciy mjohdstr`tjm tc`t tcj p`tc th

Kue`d admjpjdmjdkj w`s ey dh oj`ds prjhrmàdjm7 dhr w`s tcj r`kj-

tr`dskjdmjdt vasahd tc`t mjvjihpjm watcad at `dm ejkòj kjdtrì th ats pur-

phsj.]j mrò`tak tr`dshro`tahds tc`t `kkhop`dajm tcj admjpjdmjdkj

ohvjojdt hkkurrjm ìhdlsamj, ad rj`ktahd th, `dm shojtaojs ad tcj sc`m-

hws h kc`dljs c`ppjdadl watcad ` [p`dasc phiaty ey dh oj`ds sihwiy z-

ziadl hut hvjr tcj khursj h tcj kjdtury. [jjadl tcj mydòaso h [p`dascruij eradls jvjd tcj strullij hr Kue`d admjpjdmjdkj adth sc`rpjr vajw `s


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06

hdj h ouitapij `dm hvjri`ppadl phiatakì prhbjkts tc`t `ttr`ktjm phpui`r

supphrt.

Jxtjdmadl th Kue`ds pueiak ralcts ìrj`my jdbhyjm ey katazjds ad [pàd, hr

jxòpij, o`rgjm ` kc`dlj ad tcj i`tj dadjtjjdtc kjdtury rho j`riajr phia-

kajs tc`t jxkiumjm Kue`ds rho tcj prhoasjs h [p`dasc iaejrìaso. ]adgadliagj `d joparj, at turds hut, w`s khopiak`tjm wcjd [p`da`rms tchulct saoui-

t`djhusiy iagj ` d`tahd. Kue`ds jxpjrajdkjm tcj tjdsahds ejtwjjd d`tahd

`dm joparj `kutjiy `s tcjar st`tus scanjm watc tcj wadms h [p`dasc khdstatu-

tahdì phiataks. ]j Khdstatutahd h 0305 joer`kjm iaejrì pradkapijs j`riajr

tc`d ohst htcjr Jurhpj`d khdstatutahds, dm ats mjdatahd h katazjdscap ad tcj

[p`dasc d`tahdwcakc adkiumjm tcj admaljdhus adcèat`dts h [p`dasc @ojr-

ak` eut dht tchsj h @rak`d mjskjdtmrjw hd iaejrìaso `s wjii `s j`riy

ohmjrd K`staia`d dhtahds h katazjdscap `dm ejihdladl.

]j prhoasj h tchsjralcts ad Kue` w`s udjvjdiy uiiijm ad tcj yj`rs wcjd tcj khdstatutahd w`s

ad jstjkt (03050=, 03565;), `dm jvjd wcjd ` djw khdstatutahd ad 03; jxpiak-

atiy jxkiumjm tcj khihdajs, `spar`tahds thw`rm [p`dasc katazjdscapey tcj

jdm h tcj kjdtury, p`rtakui`riy òhdl Kue`d ojd h khihrkhdtr`stjm

sc`rpiy watc tcj ao`ladjm katazjdscap h `d admjpjdmjdt Kue`. At ìsh khd-

tr`stjm watc tcj pravaijljs `dm adkjdtavjs jxtjdmjm th aopjraì suebjkts,

wcakc c`m ` ihdl casthry ad [p`dasc @ojrak`. At rjquarjm Kue`ds th ao`ladj

tcj rjkaprhkatajs h prh-khihdaì ihyìty ad Kue` ad tjros h ehtc katazjdscap

`dm ralcts, hd hdj c`dm, `dm pravaijljs `dm prhtjktahds, hd tcj htcjr.

A Kue`d admjpjdmjdkj w`s dht tcj udavjrsì `spar`tahd h tcj asi`dms

adcèat`dts, `dm a si`vjry `dm r`kaì cajr`rkcajs (th s`y dhtcadl h ljdmjr

mastadktahds) scut hut o`dy adcèat`dts rho kiàoadl [p`dasc katazjdscap,

tcjrj w`s staii `dhtcjr p`tc th phiatakì pjrshdchhm `dm ejihdladl2 tcj hros

h pueiak jxprjssahd prjmak`tjm hd tcj adjquìaty, suehrmad`tahd, `dm vuidjr`-

eaiaty h ejadl ` khihdaì suebjkt. ]rhulchut tcj ehhg, A rjjr th tcas p`tc, `dm

tcj gadms h suebjkts amjìazjm ey tcj [p`dasc st`tj `dm Kue`ds tcjosjivjs, `s

ihyì suebjktavaty.Kue`ds h khihr, si`vj `dm rjj, khuim adcèat ihyì suebjk-tavaty ejkùsj h, `dm dht mjspatj, tcj sh-kìijm mjjkts h tcjar st`tus.

]`t tcas ohmj h phiatakì jxprjssahd adusjm maskussahds h katazjdscap

`dm ralcts advatjs ` maìhluj watc skchi`rs h oàdi`dm Aejra`d admjpjdmjdkj

wch c`vj rjkhldazjm tcj khihdaì ohhradls h put`tavjiy d`tahdì hros h

rjprjsjdt`tahd, shvjrjaldty, ijlatao`ky, `dm adkiusahd. Jxkjssavj `ttjdtahd th

tcj eurmjd h tcj [p`dasc p`st hd I`tad @ojrak`d d`tahd-st`tjs khophudmjm

tcj rjlahds prheijo h pjrsastjdkj, s Bjrjoy @mjio`d c`s kìijm at, `dm casth-

ra`ds h I`tad @ojrak` c`vj eì`dkjm `ttjdtahd ejtwjjd tcj adujdkjs h[p`dasc strukturjs `dm amj`s `dm tcj addhv`tavjdjss h jxpjraojdts watc


27/43

@ Nàtcui @kkhudt 00

iaejrì katazjdscap hiihwadl admjpjdmjdkj.Kue` k`d tcus ej sjjd `s kjd-

trì, r`tcjr tc`d pjrapcjrì, th tcj phiatakì casthry h I`tad @ojrak` ad tcj

dadjtjjdtc kjdtury a wj udmjrst`dm, hiihwadl @mjio`d, tc`t tcj òealua-

tajs h shvjrjaldty khuim dht ej j`saiy massaoui`tjm ad vasahds h d`tahdchhm

hr phiatakì phwjr watchut tcj jxastjdkj h prjvahus mjjp-sj`tjm amjhihlajs thbustay tcjo.Ihyìty th [p`dasc ruij w`s ìw`ys èhut ohrj tc`d str`tjlak

kìkui`tahds `dm `dxajty èhut r`makì kc`dlj. At w`s aoeujm watc ihdl-

st`dmadl pradkapijs h phiatakì ojoejrscap jxprjssjm `stjktavjiy `dm wchsj

tr`kjs rjoàdjm ihdl `njr admjpjdmjdkj.

]hsj pradkapijs wjrj ey dh oj`ds udaquj th Kue` hr th tcj [p`dasc jo-

parj. Lavjd oy adtjrjst ad ` ma`sphrak phpui`tahd `dm ` hro h phiataks jx-

kjjmadl d`tahdì ròj (wcjtcjr Kue`d hr [p`dasc), Jvjr Nàtcnuischuim dht

ej rj`m `s ` sthry h Kue`d jxkjptahdìaso. ]j o`bhr tcjojs h tcj ehhg ìshdm p`rìijis ad @dlihpchdj, Iushpchdj, `dm Nr`dkhpchdj khihdaì casth-

rajs. @dm, `s Ujejkk` [khtt dhtjs, Kue` w`s òhdl o`dy si`vj shkajtajs tc`t

jxpjrajdkjm pjrv`savj udkjrtàdty hvjr wcjtcjr pjrshds cjim `s prhpjrty

khuim, ad pr`ktakj, ish ej khihdaì suebjkts mjsjrvadl h prhtjktahd.A khih-

daì ihyìty oalct `ppj`r `d`kcrhdastak watcad tcj casthry h Kue`d d`tahdì-

aso, at schuim `ppj`r mhwdralct typakì ad tcj khdtjxt h tcj K`raeej`d, wcjrj

tcj Eratasc joparj cjim hd udtai tcj 0136s, O`rtadaquj dm Lu`mjihupj rj staii

mjp`rtojdts h Nr`dkj, `dm tcj casthrakì prjsjdkj h tcj Zdatjm [t`tjs kcì-

ijdljs j`sy mjki`r`tahds h tcj jdm h joparj. [p`dasc `ttjopts th ojrlj iae-

jrì pradkapijs watc aopjraì pr`ktakjs jxphsjm tcj iaoats h Kue`d phiatakì

adkiusahd, p`rtakui`riy `rhudm qujstahds h r`kj `dm si`vjry. ]hsj `ttjopts

ìsh rjsjoeij htcjr hros h aopjraì katazjdscap ohrj kihsjiy `sshka`tjm watc

Nrjdkc `dm Eratasc ruij muradl tcj pjrahm.>Ihyì suebjkts wjrj ueaquathus ad

Jurhpjs @rak`d, @sa`d, `dm K`raeej`d khihdajs, `dm tcjy wjrj ohrj tc`d

udmjrstumajs ad tcj pjrhro`dkj h iaejrì phiataks7 tcjy sc`rjm tcj st`lj,

`dm shojtaojs jvjd rhijs, watc d`tahdì katazjds.

\ratadl ` Casthry hn Ihyìty

Casthrajs h tcj pjhpij, phiataks, `dm kuiturj h Kue` `dm tcj @rak`d ma`sphr`

c`vj hr mjk`mjs karkijm `rhudm tcj tcjoj h rjsast`dkj. Lavjd tcj wjalcty

ijl`kajs h si`vjry, aopjraìaso, k`patìaso, dm tcjar ttjdm`dt vahijdkj, at as h

iattij surprasj tc`t `ttjdtahd c`s hkusjm hd kcìijdljs th tchsj mjjp struk-

turjs. Casthra`ds c`vj rj`m shurkjs `làdst tcj lràd th jopc`sazj tcj vasa-

eaiaty h pjhpij wch hpjdiy khdtjstjm tcjar jxkiusahd rho phwjr. Eut wc`tèhut wcjd tchsj pjhpij mamdt8 Ujejiiahd, rjvhit, `dm rjvhiutahd c`vj ejjd


28/43

05

pravaijljm ohmjs h amjdtayadl sueìtjrd `ljdkyadkiumadl @rak`d @ojra-

k`d phiatakswatc tcj jstjkt tc`t masihyìty as `r ejttjr udmjrsthhm tc`d ihy-

ìty. A tcj i`ttjr o`y chim ijss ppjì hr ats sshka`tahds watc khdsjrv`tavj hr

`kkhoohm`tahdast phiataks, `ttjdmadl th at o`y ihhsjd tcj talct khddjktahd

mr`wd ejtwjjd rjsast`dkj `dm `ljdky.Qjt `ttjopts th casthrakazj ihyìtyrud `hui h hroamèij ojtchmhihlakì curmijs.

Vjrc`ps tcj ohst saldak`dt prheijo iajs ad tcj shurkjs tcjosjivjs. h

tcj jxtjdt tc`t prh-[p`dasc ihyìty rjprjsjdtjm ` dhro`tavj phiatakì phsatahd

`làdst wcakc htcjrs wjrj khdtr`stjm, at hnjd wjdt udo`rgjm ad tcj cas-

thrakì rjkhrmdh cj`m khudts, dh ijdltcy tcjhrazadl, `dm dh ljdjrhus mhk-

uojdt`tahd prhmukjm watcad ` uiiy hrojm shkaì ohvjojdt. @t tcj sòj

taoj, tcjrj as tcj jvjr-prjsjdt Jvjr Nàtcui joeijo o`rgjm hd h kaì khr-

rjsphdmjdkj. Ats pjrv`savjdjss mhjs dht prhvj ats sadkjraty `dy ohrj tc`dsaldadl sadkjrjiy `t tcj jdm h khrrjsphdmjdkj thm`y. Eut itjradl at hut `s

`d arrjijv`dt hroìaty lihssjs tcj phwjr rji`tahds tc`t sc`pj tcj o`tjraì

prhmuktahd `dm rjkjptahd h mhkuojdts. Ujkapajdts h rhyì mjkrjjs ad [p`d-

asc @ojrak` ratuìiy gassjm tcj rhyì sjì hd tcj mhkuojdt `dm tcjd cjim at

èhvj tcjar cj`ms th `kgdhwijmlj tcj ohd`rkcs ùtchraty.@s G`tcryd Eurds

wratjs h khihdaì dht`raì tjopi`tjs, gdhwadl shojtcadl èhut tcj hroui`j

hdj jdkhudtjrs ad tcj `rkcavj as `s usjui `s c`vadl shoj adsalct adth tcj rj-

i`tahds ejtwjjd tcj p`rtajs advhivjm. ]j strullijs h khihdaì h kaìs

kc`rljm watc oàdtàdadl Kue`s mjiaty khoj adth sc`rp rjiaj wcjd tcjy

jdtjrtàdjm tcj phssaeaiaty h jxtjdmadl pravaijljs th @rak`d-mjskjdmjm Ku-

e`ds pjrsastjdtiy kc`r`ktjrazjm `s rjejiiahus `dm udt hr phiatakì p`rtakap`-

tahd. Chw wjii k`d `d h kaì rjphrt, tcjd, admjx phiatakì suebjktavaty wcjd

ehtc tcj i`dlu`lj h ihyìty `dm tcj i`dlu`lj h rjsast`dkj o`y ej sh kho-

ohdpi`kj `s th hvjrmjtjroadj jvjd e`sak mjskraptahd8

Mr`wadl hd pjrahmakìs, iatjr`ry shurkjs, `dm prhkjjmadls h `sshka`tahds,

phiatakì p`rtajs, oaiat`ry udats, dm oudakapì, asi`dm-wamj, `dm [p`dasc d`-

tahdì lhvjrdadl ehmajs, tcas ehhg mr`ws hd ` wamj r`dlj h shurkjs th jxò-adj ihyìty `s shojtcadl djatcjr ojrjiy rcjthrakì dhr ` vjraèij ejiaj. Hdj

k`sj ad phadt ej`rs `ttjdtahd. [kchi`rs wch c`vj sj`rkcjm hr jvamjdkj h rj-

sas t`dkj `dm rjejiiahd ad Kue`s khihdaì p`st c`vj ejjd adtralujm ey tcj sue-

vjrsavj ejc`vahr hr @rak`d-mjravjm kuiturì pr`ktakjs tc`t oalct c`vj ejjd

t`gadl pi`kj ad v`rahus ure`d kiues `dm `sshka`tahds. ]jy c`vj prhmuktavjiy

adtjrprjtjm sukc mhkuojdts `làdst tcj lràd h khihdaì maskhursj, rj`madl

p`st tcj i`dlu`lj h ihyìty `dm suehrmad`tahd tc`t kc`r`ktjrazjs tcj pueiak

st`tjojdts h tchsj adstatutahds.

Oy rj`madl h dadjtjjdtc-kjdtury mhku-ojdts pi`kjs tcas i`dlu`lj rhdt `dm kjdtjr2 `s jvamjdkj h ` ohmj h jdl`lj-


29/43

@ Nàtcui @kkhudt 0;

ojdt watc tcj khihdaì st`tj tc`t o`y t udj`saiy watc tcj i`dlu`lj h iaejrì

katazjdscap hr rjvhiutahd`ry rcjthrak eut tc`t djvjrtcjijss hstjrjm @rak`d-

mjskjdmjm Kue`ds ` pueiak vhakj hr adcèatadl ihyì suebjktavaty. Nhr casthra-

`ds khdmatahdjm th jxòadj shurkjs hr pjrspjktavjs saijdkjm hr hrlhttjd ey

tcj `rkcavì rjkhrm, chwjvjr, tcjrj oalct ej lhhm rj`shd th suspjkt tc`tst`tjojdts h phpui`r supphrt hr joparj sjrvjm `s rjspjktèij pjrhr-

o`dkjs `dm iattij jisj.Eut th wratj tcjo hst tcjo jdtarjiy `s jiatj `dt`sajs

hr ìsj khdskahusdjss as th oass tcj kc`dkj th liaopsj wc`t @dd [thijr kìis

tcj jeraij ohvjojdts h pjrshds hst eì`dkjh tchulcts `dm jjiadls ad

`dm hut h pi`kj. Ad thdj `dm tjopjr, scj khdtadujs, W`rkcavjs_ khdvjy

tcj rhulc adtjrahr jmljs h lhvjrd`dkj `dm masruptahds th tcj mjkjptavj

ki`raty h ats o`dm`tjs. Ad htcjr whrms, suoo`ry masoassì prjvjdts us

rho ao`ladadl tc`t tcj phadt h khdt`kt ejtwjjd suebjkts `dm rjprjsjdt`-tavjs h tcj khihdaì st`tj oalct shojtaojs amjdtayudj`saiy `dm ojssaiy

khoohd lrhudm hr ` sc`rjm amjhihly h ruij, `s hpphsjm th jxkiusavjiy

`mvjrs`raì rji`tahdscaps.

@dhtcjr prheijo h lr`spadl ihyìty rjvhivjs `rhudm amjdtayadl wch sup-

phrtjm [p`dasc ruij ad tcj dadjtjjdtc kjdtury. @ttjopts th prhvamj ` mjoh-

lr`pcak prhij h prh-[p`dasc ihyìty ad Kue` oass `d ìw`ys scanadl t`rljt.

Dh o`ttjr chw c`rm tcjy trajm, [p`dasc h kaìs khuim djvjr oj`surj hr

prjmakt, hr mhkuojdt, tcj mjohlr`pcak maojdsahds h phpui`r ihyìty. Duo-

ejrs h shimajrs, jvjd, wjrj ma kuit th `llrjl`tj, `dm khdkjìjm tcj mjsjr-

tahds `dm mjjktahds khoohd hd ìi samjs h tcj asi`dms oaiat`ry khdakts.

Vhiatakì ` ia`tahds djvjr o`ppjm dj`tiy hdth ljhlr`pcakì rjlahds hr kjdsus

k`tjlhrajs, `dm kjrtàdiy dht r`kaì amjdtak`tahds, ad ` w`y tc`t ìihws hr dj`t

khdkiusahds èhut wch oalct prjmaktèiy c`vj ` rojm khihdaì ruij. Lavjd

tcj d`turj h tcj jvamjdkj, at as tjoptadl th kc`r`ktjrazj tcj Kue`ds h @ra-

k`d mjskjdt ohst iagjiy th supphrt khihdaì ruij s ure`d, rjj, asi`dm ehrd (`s

hpphsjm th @rak`d ehrd), `dm hvjrwcjioadliy oìj. Admjjm, oukc h tcj

jvamjdkj hr tcas stumy phadts th sukc admavamuìs. Eut tcjrj `rj pijdty h jx-òpijs h rurì, jdsi`vjm, @rak`d-ehrd ojd `dm whojd wch hudm tcjo-

sjivjs lctadl ìhdlsamj tcj [p`dasc `roy, tr`vjiadl th sjj ` phiataka`d p`ssadl

tcrhulc thwd, hr pcr`sadl ` pjtatahd ad tcj i`dlu`lj h cuoaiaty `dm hejma-

jdkj. Mjspatj tcj jxkatadl jvamjdkj h whojd h khihr p`rtakap`tadl ad pueiak

iaj `dm tcj surprasadl jvamjdkj h si`vj whojd jdl`ljm ad [p`dasc oaiat`ry

kòpàlds, hdj mjdatavj mjohlr`pcak khdkiusahd èhut ihyìty as tc`t

whojd `kjm sjrahus kcìijdljs th adcèatadl ihyì suebjktavaty, wcakc oj`ds

tc`t jxòpijs h tcjar sukkjss oalct ejttjr ej udmjrsthhm `s jxkjptahds r`tcjrtc`d tcj ruijhr, ad khdtr`st, tc`t [p`dasc ùtchratajs `dm htcjr hesjrvjrs


30/43

0=

c`m rj`shds hr jr`sadl hr udmjrst`tadl tcj prjsjdkj h whojd ad ` pueiak

whrim tc`t hpjr`tjm hd p`tjrdìastak tjros dm tc`t phsjm kcìijdljs hr sue-

ìtjrd ojd th o`gj tcjar vhakjs cj`rm.

Dh o`ttjr wch kiàojm at, ihyìty w`s, dm as, ` siappjry khdkjpt. At t hdkj

hkkupajs `d him-`dlijm `dm ohmjrd pi`kj ad phiatakì ao`lad`rajs2 hd hdjc`dm, tcj jumì p`kts ejtwjjd ihrm `dm v`ssì7 `dkajdt khdakts ejtwjjd ò-

aiy dm khooudaty7 tcj tcakg tajs h eihhm, àtc, dm st`tus jvhgj praohrmaì

ehdms tc`t rjsast tcj sp`kjs h ohmjrd, sjkui`r phiataks. Hd tcj htcjr c`dm,

phiatakì ìijla`dkj `ppj`rs ad shoj phiatakì tcjhry `s ` prhmukt h tcj adma-

vamuì waii hr kchakj tc`t as khdstatutavj h tcj ohmjrd iaejrì suebjkt. Ad `kt,

tcadgadl èhut p`trahtaso hr ` daty as sh kihsjiy iadgjm th iaejrì phiatakì

tcjhryhr th tcj d`tahd-st`tjtc`t tcjrj sjjos iattij rhho th khdsamjr adma-

vamuì kchakjs `stjktadl joparjs, makt`thrscaps, hr htcjr systjos rjjxavjiymjjojm udmjohkr`tak hr aiiaejrì.Ad p`rt, tcas `sshka`tahd `ppj`rs sh pjrv`-

savj ejkùsj kiàos èhut ihyìty rjst ohrj hd tcjhry tc`d hd tcj udktahd h

tcj khdkjpt ad spjkak casthrakì karkuost`dkjs. Casthrakazadl gjy phiatakì

khdkjpts c`s yajimjm lrj`t adsalcts adth I`tad @ojrak`d shkajty wcjd `p-

piajm, hr jxòpij, th tcj amj` h chdhr.Ad ojtchmhihlakì tjros, casthra-

kazadl ihyì suebjktavaty mr`ws hd o`dy h tcj `pprh`kcjs tc`t casthrakazj

rjsast`dkj7 r`tcjr tc`d mjiadj`tadl tcj rjpjrtharjs h rjejiiahd dm rjvhiutahd

sh kjdtrì th Kue`d, I`tad @ojrak`d, `dm @rak`d @ojrak`d casthry, tcas

ehhg hstjrs adstj`m ` ljdjìhly h khdsjdt.

Hdj usjui `pprh`kc th udmjrst`dmadl ihyìty k`d ej hudm ad @iejrt

Carskco`ds ki`ssak stumy h chw admavamuìs rjsphdm th quìat`tavj mjkiadj

ad ros. Carskco`d phstui`tjm tcrjj e`sak phssaeaiatajs. ]j rst, jxathr

ij`vadlst`dms ad khdtr`st th tcj sjkhdm, vhakj`d `ttjopt th kc`dlj `d

hebjktahdèij st`tj h `stàrs. @ tcarm hptahd as ihyìty, ` jjiadl h `tt`kc-

ojdt `dm tcj rjiukt`dkj th jxat ad spatj h mas`lrjjojdt. Ihyìty ejdjts

adstatutahds (sukc `s st`tjs), Carskco`d `rlujs, wcjd tcj khsts h jxat `rj ihw

`dm wcjd itjrd`tavjs rj ijss tc`d mjsarèij. ]j khdsuojr, hr, hr hur pur-phsjs, tcj phiatakì suebjkt, dms ihyìty ejdjkaì ejkùsj at hpjds up phssa-

eaiatajs hr maìhluj `dm krataquj.\atcad tcj prheijo-sp`kj h khihdaì `dm

d`tahdì phiataks, Carskco`d hstjrs ` p`tc hrw`rm rho d`tahdì casthrajs

kjdtjrjm hd jxats rho khihdaì ruij, `dm cj ìsh hrjlrhudms ihyìty `s `d

`stjktavj phsturj tc`t ìihws hr tcj phtjdtaì th jxprjss vhakj watcad tcj whrim

h joparj. Bjrjoy @mjio`d, hr jxòpij, c`s ruatuiiy erhulct Carskco`ds

khdkjpt th ej`r hd tcj [hutc @ojrak`d admjpjdmjdkj ohvjojdts, t`gadl

k`rj th dhtj tcj ihyìty jxprjssjm ey ohst h khihdaì [p`dasc @ojrak` wcjdkrasas jruptjm ad [pàd.>


31/43

@ Nàtcui @kkhudt 0:

Eradladl Kue` adth tcj pakturj hdiy òpiajs tcj aophrt`dkj h ihhgadl

`t khihdaì phiataks hd ats hwd tjros, r`tcjr tc`d rho tcj hutsamj sp`kj

h tcj ohmjrd d`tahd. At rjvavjs ihyìty th khihdaì ruij `s `d `ktavj casthra-

kì prhkjss `dm ` krukaì jijojdt ad kjojdtadl [p`dasc cjljohdy, r`tcjr

tc`d `d adjrtaì mjùit phsatahd hestruktadl r`makì kc`dlj. @s usjui `sCarskco`ds ròjwhrg o`y ej, A try dht th rjoàd ehudm th ` sadlij skcj-

o`tak tcrhulchut tcj ehhg. Adstj`m, A try th udmjrst`dm tcj casthrakì `kthrs

A jdkhudtjr th ej tcjhrasts h ihyìty ad tcjar hwd ralct2 wcjd si`vj-shimajrs

jxpiàdjm wcy tcjy jdiastjm ad tcj [p`dasc `roy7 wcjd ` khihdaì h kaì rj-

adst`tjm tcj oaiata`s h khihr `njr tcjar èhiatahd7 wcjd tcj jmathr h ` ei`kg

djwsp`pjr jxpiàdjm chw r`kaì ` ia`tahds khuim khopijojdt, r`tcjr tc`d

khopjtj watc, tajs th [p`dasc ruij7 hr tcj oyra`m adst`dkjs ad wcakc Kue`ds

tcjosjivjs mjdjm ihyìty ad khudtjrphadt th tcj masihyìty tcjy ejiajvjmw`s ìw`ys `rhudm tcj khrdjr. \atcad p`rtakui`r khdtjxts, A ìsh `dìyzj ej-

c`vahrs `dm `ktahds dht dòjm `s ihyìty rhdt `dm kjdtjr eut tc`t khdhro

th p`ttjrds tc`t pjhpij jisjwcjrj khoohdiy `kgdhwijmljm `s ihyìty. A wj

k`d udmjrst`dm tc`t advhk`tahds h ihyìty o`y shojtaojs c`vj ejjd masad-

ljduhus, wj schuim ìsh `kgdhwijmlj htcjr adst`dkjs wcjd Kue`ds lr`ppijm

watc qujstahds h ihyìty watchut `ktuìiy dòadl at `s sukc.

Ejkùsj `ttjdtahd th tcj assuj h Kue`s khdtadujm khihdaì st`tus ejkòj

`kutj muradl tcj j`riy dadjtjjdtc kjdtury, hr tcj tài jdm h tcj @lj h Ujvhiu-

tahds, A ejlad tcj ehhg watc twh kc`ptjrs tc`t survjy tchsj mjk`mjs rho twh

`dlijs. Ad kc`ptjr 0, A khdsamjr tcj aopiak`tahds h tcj tjkthdak phiatakì scans ad

tcj [p`dasc joparj hr Kue`ds st`tus s suebjkts dm katazjds. ]j D`phijhdak

adv`sahd h [pàd, tcj admjpjdmjdkj ohvjojdts, `dm ohst aophrt`dt, tcj iae-

jrì [p`dasc Khdstatutahd h 0305 rjmjdjm tcj rji`tahdscap ejtwjjd [pàd dm

ats khihdajs `dm tcj k`tjlhrajs h phiatakì ejihdladl `vàièij th khihdaì sue-

bjkts. Khihdaì h kaìs w`vjrjm hd chw tcjsj kc`dljs whuim `stjkt phiatakì

mjdatahds h ejadl [p`dasc hr wcatj, tcj rjjmhos h rjj ojd h khihr, `dm

jvjd tcj st`tus h tcj adcèat`dts h Kue`s i`st twh Adma`d pujeihs. \atc hr-oì katazjdscap `dm rjprjsjdt`tahd hst tcj tèij ohrj hnjd tc`d dht, kc`ptjr 5

jxpihrjs chw Kue`ds `ttjopjm th jxprjss ihyìty th [pàd ruij `s ` casthrakì

str`tjly hr làdadl pravaijljs, `kkjss, `dm oheaiaty. Khihdaì phiakajs àojm `t

staadl sjmatahus `ktavaty `dm si`vj rjejiiahds rjstraktjm hpphrtudatajs hr php-

ui`r phiataks ad ljdjrì, eut ` khcjrjdt pakturj h wc`t ` ihyì suebjkt w`s sup-

phsjm th ej staii kòj adth hkus. Ujstraktavj oj`surjs ijn Kue`ds t oamkjdtury

watc d oeavìjdt sjdsj h ejihdladl th tcj [p`dasc joparj, jspjkaìiy pjhpij

h @rak`d mjskjdt, wch s`w tcj oaiata`s èhiascjm `dm rjadstatutjm `dm wchhudm tcjar mjsarjs th ej ihyì suebjkts kcjkgjm ey htcjr Kue`ds.


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0

]j adata`tahd h tcj jd Qj`rs \`r (033


33/43

@rak`d si`vj ièhr. @s ` i`rlj si`vj phpui`tahd, ` soìijr rjj phpui`tahd, `dm

` ouitar`kaì shkajty thhg sc`pj, rjsamjdts h Kajdujlhs`dm tchsj lhvjrd-

adl atmam dht oass tcj tr`dshro`tahd rho wc`t w`s supphsjm th ej `

wcatj khihdy. Ats rhij ad tcj admjpjdmjdkj w`rs `dm ats jxtjdsavj pueiak iaj

scjm ialct hd shoj asi`dmwamj trjdms7 h ohrj saldak`dkj, at hstjrs ` liaopsjadth tcj whrgadls h r`kj `dm ihyìty dht khdmatahdjm ey khopjtadl khddht`-

tahds `skraejm th [`dta`lh `dm C`v`d`2 ` kjdtjr h phtjdtaì `dm `ktuìazjm

`dtakhihdaì rjsast`dkj, hr tcj hrojr, `dm tcj kjdtjr h aopjraì phwjr `dm

adtjiijktuì iaj, hr tcj i`ttjr.

Nadìiy, ` dhtj èhut tjroadhihly. Ohst ehhgs èhut r`kj ad I`tad @ojrak`

ki`ray ki`ssak`tahds tc`t oalct sjjo ohst khdusadl th khdtjophr`ry

Jdliasc-spj`gadl rj`mjrs.]as as djkjss`ry `dm st`dm`rm pr`ktakj2 rj`mjrs

schuim udmjrst`dm tcj sydhdyoy ejtwjjd mjsald`tahds hp`rmh`dm oui`th(usuìiy tr`dsi`tjm `s oui`tth tcrhulchut tcj ehhg)ehtc rjjrradl th

oaxjm @rak`d `dm [p`dasc `dkjstry`dm ejtwjjd ohrjdh dm djlrh(tr`ds-

i`tjm `s ei`kg hr gjpt `s djlrhrjjrjdkjs th ei`kgdjss `dm shojtaojs th

purj @rak`d mjskjdt. Ad o`dy k`sjs, òealuaty ad tcj shurkjs prjvjdts mas-

tadluascadl tcjsj lrhups, sh A usj tcj tjro Kue`ds h khihr hr Kue`ds h

@rak`d mjskjdt wcjd djkjss`ry. @d adkrj`sj ad rjjrjdkjs thljdtj mj khihr

(pjhpij h khihr) `dm tcj r`z` mj khihrthhg pi`kj ad tcj sjkhdm cì h tcj

kjdtury, wcakc usjm oui`th `dm djlrh dhojdki`turj. K`st`, `dhtcjr ò-

ealuhus tjro, mjdhtjm `dy pjrshd h oaxjm `dkjstry. ]jrj w`s ` muì usj h

krahiih(krjhij) th mjskraej Kue`d-ehrd [p`da`rms (ad khdtr`st thpjdadsui`-

rjs, rho [pàd) `dm Kue`d-ehrd pjhpij h @rak`d mjskjdt (ad khdtr`st th

ehzìjs, wch wjrj ehrd ad @rak`). \j schuim `pprh`kc tcj `d`kcrhdastak

tjro `nrhkue`dhwatc kùtahd, `s at spj`gs ohrj th twjdtajtc-kjdtury rjkg-

hdadls h r`kj dm d`tahd tc`d th tcj jr` h [p`dasc ruij. @dm ehvj ii, rj`m-

jrs schuim rjìazj chw siappjry j`kc h tcjsj khdkjpts khuim ej, `s k`tjlhrajs

hvjri`ppjm th khii`psj `dm mastjrjdta`tj lrhups `dm admavamuìs watc rjqujdt

adkhdsastjdky.Nhr tcj purphsjs h tcas ehhg, jquì ttjdtahd as muj th tcj prjsuojm dhr-

o`tavj k`tjlhrajs `làdst wcakc tcjsj r`kaì mastjrjdkjs ejkòj oj`dadl-

ui. @ rji`tavjiy udjxpihrjm `rj` h casthrakì rjsj`rkc khdkjrds tcj oj`dadl

h wcatjdjss ad tcj khihdaì whrim. Ejadl wcatj w`s ey dh oj`ds adjvatèiy

adtjrkc`dljèij watc ejadl [p`dasc. Ehtc k`tjlhraz`tahds mjpjdmjm hd satu-

`tahdì `dm rji`tahdì kratjra` tc`t khuim jdkhop`ss p`rjdt`lj `dm pi`kj h

hralad (shojtaojs vjraèij watc e`ptasoì rjkhrms) `s oukc `s khihr.]j

wjii-gdhwd k`st`pàdtadls h jalctjjdtc-kjdtury [p`dasc @ojrak`, wcakcvasuìiy kc`rtjm tcj mazzyadl duoejr h k`tjlhrajs h oaxturj, pi`kjm d jsp`hi,

@ Nàtcui @kkhudt 0


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C`v`d`

[`dta`lhmj Kue`

Ji K`djyO`dz`daiihE`yòh

Balu`d

Kajdnujlhs

O`t`dz`s

Kò`ljy(Vujrth Vrdkapj)

Chilud

Dujvat`s

Lu`dtdòh

E`r`kh`

I`s ]ud`s

Vad`rmji Uh

Kajlh mjvai`

[`dkta[pratus

[`dt` Ki`r`

]radam`m

Asi` mj i` Buvjdtum(Asij hn Qhutc)

@]I@D]AKHKJ@D

Luin hnOjxakh

K`raeej`d [j`

[tràts hn Nihram`

K`yo`d Asi`dms

(Z.G.)

B@O@AK@

C@A]A

ZDA]JM []@]J[

]C

J E

@C

@O

@[

J\

D

[6 066 Gaihojtjrs

6 066 Oaijs

:6

:6

K Z E @

0 O`p h Kue` watc o`bhr katajs `dm khdtjophr`ry phiatakì ehudm`rajs.


35/43

@ Nàtcui @kkhudt 01

dht ` ei`dkh, `t tcj thp h tcj cajr`rkcy. ]j khdkjptuì iadgs ejtwjjd r`kj,

eihhm, `dm pi`kj h eartc o`mj rjjrjdkjs th [p`dasc eihhm ohrj khoohd

tc`d wcatj eihhm, ìtchulc ad tcj systjos hralad`ry tradaty h [p`dasc, Ad-

ma`d, `dm ei`kg, ei`kg eihhm khuim ìsh ej rjjrrjm th `s @rak`d eihhm.

Adhroì jstao`tahds h khihr hnjd amjdtajm admavamuìs s wcatjhr shoj-taojs tralujh, wcj`ty hr hiavj-sgaddjm`dm `s tcj kjdtury prhlrjssjm,

ohrj st`dm`rmazjm kjdsusjs `dm rjjrjdkjs th Kue`ds h khihr jijv`tjm tcj

k`tjlhry h wcatjdjss èhvj [p`dascdjss. \cjd tcj [p`dasc lhvjrdojdt js-

tèiascjm ` Khoasad Ei`dk` ad tcj 0306s th jdkhur`lj wcatj aooalr`tahd th

Kue`, at adataìiy c`m pjdadsui`r [p`da`rms ad oadm, eut ihw adtjrjst hd tcj

pjdadsui` hrkjm tcj khooassahd th erh`mjd hut th adkiumj Nrjdkc `dm Erat-

asc oalr`dts. Jvjd `s Kue`ds adkrj`sadliy sphgj h wcatjshnjd ad rji`-

tahd th `dxajtajs èhut ei`kg (rj`m `s si`vj `dm rjj, djlrh `dm oui`th)rjejiiahdtcjy st`yjm hkusjm hd tcj k`tjlhry h [p`da`rm ad ialct h tcj

Khdstatutahd h 0305s prhvasahd tc`t `dyhdj rjsamadl ad [p`dasc tjrrathry

khuim ej khdsamjrjm `s sukc. (Katazjd w`s ` mastjrjdt sthry.) ]j scanadl

usjs `dm mjdatahds h wcatj `dm [p`da`rm schuim jdkhur`lj rj`mjrs th `vham

j`sy iadg`ljs ejtwjjd tcj twh.

@d jquìiy rjijv`dt ki`rak`tahd `t tcj hutsjt khdkjrds oy rjjrjdkjs

th ihyìty. [kchi`rscap tc`t khdsamjrs prh-khihdaì sjdtaojdt ad tcj Nr`dkh-

pchdj, @dlihpchdj, Iushpchdj, `dm Casp`dhpchdj aopjraì whrims rjlu-

i`riy mjpihys tcj tjro rhyìaso th schrtc`dm v`rahus hros h ìijla`dkj

muradl tcj jr`s h khihdaìaso `dm admjpjdmjdkj, `dm ihyìasts th rjjr th

tcj pjhpij wch pijmljm at. ]jsj tjros r`rjiy `ppj`r ad dadjtjjdtc-kjdtury

Kue`d `dm [p`dasc mhkuojdts. ]j oj`dadl h rhyì ùtchraty kc`dljm `s

[pàd ejkòj ` khdstatutahdì ohd`rkcy, `dm tcj ohd`rkc, `s tcj shurkj h

ùtchraty `dm p`tjrdì ruij, ihst shoj h tcj syoehiak prhoadjdkj at c`m ad

j`riajr kjdturajs, ]j khdaktjm `dm adtjrruptjm rjalds h spjkak ohd-

`rkcs (sukc `s Njrd`dmh ÂA `dm Asèji AA), ohrjhvjr, maoojm tcj iustjr h

tcadls rhyì. A tjdm th `vham tcj tjro ihyìasts `s wjii. Uj`madl `krhss tcjmastjrjdt aopjraì k`sj stumajs, supphrtjrs h Jurhpj`d joparjs tcrhulchut

tcj @ti`dtak whrim ad tcj @lj h Ujvhiutahds hnjd joer`kjm tcj tjro. @dm

admjjm, hdj h tcj rakcjst jims h khop`rashd hr tcas ehhg as tc`t wcakc

khdsamjrs @rak`d-mjskjdmjm Eratasc ihyìasts ad tcj @ti`dtak \hrim `njr tcj

@ojrak`d Ujvhiutahd.

Hd kihsjr adspjktahd, ` p`ttjrd jojrljs ad tcjsj stumajs2 admavamuìs `dm

lhvjrdojdts amjdtajm ihyìasts prao`raiy `njr khihdaì ruij hr muradl tcj

oaiat`ry khdakts tc`t jdmjm at, wcjd tcj èaiaty th wad `vhrs `dm khiijktrjp`r`tahds hr pjdsahds mjpjdmjm hd tcj luasj h pjro`djdt ìijla`dkj th


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37/43

Zdijss htcjrwasj dhtjm, tr`dsi`tahds h [p`dasc-i`dlu`lj quht`tahds `rj oy hwd.

Vrj`kj

0. Nhr ohrj mjtàijm casthry h tcj euaimadl, sjj Joaiah Ujul mj Ijukcsjdradl,I`K`s` mj Lheajrdh h Vì`kah Oudakapì mj i` Cè`d`(C`v`d`2 d.p., 010).

5. ]j Kue`d phjt D`dky Ohrjbd vavamiy iadgs tcj euaimadl th tcj casthry h khih-

daì vahijdkj ad cjr phjo Djlrh h 0132 Qhur càr, / hr shoj, / \`s tcj mjvais

whrg rho cjii7 / Eut tcj cuooadlearm / Euait ats djst tcjrj, udcjjmadl, / \cjd yhu

wjrj c`dladl `t tcj jdm h tcj lìihws, / Ad rhdt h tcj Lhvjrdhr Ljdjrìs Vì-

`kj. / ]jy mam s`y tc`t tcj must h tcj rh`m / O`mj yhu masihyì `dm purpiasc. Ihhgadl

\atcad / Oar`r `mjdtrh2 [jijktjm Vhjos / Vhjo`s jskhlamhs, ,jm. Bu`dò`r`

Khrmhdjs-Khhg (Mjtrhat2 \`ydj [t`tj Zdavjrsaty Vrjss, 566;), 0


38/43

553 Dhtjs

`dm Ujvhiutahd ad tcj Aejra`d @ti`dtak(Vradkjthd2 Vradkjthd Zdavjrsaty Vrjss, 566).

@itchulc Kue` as dht adkiumjm ad tcj `dìysas, ats jxòpij hdiy òpiajs cas erh`m

`rluojdts.

;. [aod Ehiv`r, Khdtjst`kad mj ud @ojrak`dh ojramahdì ` ud kèìijrh mj

jst` asi`, Gadlsthd ( [jptjoejr 030:), `kkjssjm 1 Budj 5605, cttp2//js.wagashurkj.hrl

/waga/K`rt`XmjXBòàk`.=. Bhcd Iydkc, I`tad @ojrak`d Ujvhiutahds, 2 Him `dm Djw \hrim Hralads

(Dhro`d2 Zdavjrsaty h Hgi`cho` Vrjss, 011=), 01.

:. Bhs @. Vaqujr`s, I` sajoprj ji Asi` mj Kue`, h i` ijìt`m adtjrjs`m`, Casthra`

Ojxak`d` :320 (5663)2 =5


39/43

Dhtjs 551

0=. [jj, ohst rjkjdtiy, O`tt M. Kcaims, ]j @phdtj Ujejiiahd ad Kue` `dm tcj

[trullij `làdst @ti`dtak [i`vjry(Kc`pji Caii2 Zdavjrsaty h Dhrtc K`rhiad` Vrjss,

566), kc`p. ;7 `dm B`dj L. I`dmjrs, @ti`dtak Krjhijs ad tcj @lj h Ujvhiutahds(Kò-

eramlj2 C`rv`rm Zdavjrsaty Vrjss, 5606), kc`ps. = `dm .

0:. Bhs Iuka`dh Nr`dkh, I`s oad`s mj [`dta`lh mji Vr`mh y i` rjejiad mj ihs kherj-

rhs, (C`v`d`2 Jmathraì mj Kajdka`s [hkaìjs, 01


40/43

5;6 Dhtjs

5:. Bhcd ]hrdthd jxpihrjs tcj qujstahd h ei`kg rhyìaso òhdl rjeji si`vjs ad

tcj Càta`d Ujvhiutahd ad A ò ` [uebjkt h tcj Gadl h Khdlh, 035, jsp. d. ;.

5. ]j udasa`d Bjwasc `dtakhihdaì wratjr @iejrt Ojooa wrhtj ad 01:


41/43

Dhtjs 5;0

S`vajr Lujrr`, Ohmjrdam`m j admjpjdmjdka`s2 Jds`yhs sherj i`s rjvhiukahdjs

caspdak`s(O`mram2 Jmathraì , 0115)7 Av`d` Nr`squjt, jm., E`staii`s, kjtrhs y

ei`shdjs2 I` admjpjdmjdka` jd Aejrhòrak`(O`mram2 Jmathraì , 566)7 Bhr-

m`d` Myo, Nrho [hvjrjald âii`ljs th D`tahdì [t`tjs2 Katy, [t`tj, `dm Njmjr`tahd ad

Kjdtrì @ojrak`, (@ieuqujrquj2 Zdavjrsaty h Djw Ojxakh Vrjss, 566)7

G`rjd K`pi`d, Admaljdhus Katazjds2 Ihkì Iaejrìaso ad J`riy D`tahdì H`x`k` `dmQuk`td ([t`dhrm2 [t`dhrm Zdavjrsaty Vrjss, 5606)7 Vjtjr Lu`rmadh, ]j aoj h

Iaejrty2 Vhpui`r Vhiatakì Kuiturj ad H`x`k`, (Murcò, D.K.2 Mugj Zdavjr-

saty Vrjss, 566:)7 [`r`c K. Kcòejrs, Nrho [uebjkts th Katazjds2 Chdhr, Ljdmjr, `dm

Vhiataks ad @rjquap`, Vjru, (Zdavjrsaty V`rg2 Vjddsyiv`da` [t`tj Zdavjrsaty

Vrjss, 0111)7 Erhhgj I`rshd, raìs h D`tahd O`gadl2 Iaejrìaso, U`kj, `dm Jtcdakaty

ad tcj @dmjs, (Kòeramlj2 Kòeramlj Zdavjrsaty Vrjss, 566=)7 `dm Kjkaia`

Odmjz, ]j Vijeja`d Ujpueiak.

;=. @mjio`d, [hvjrjaldty `dm Ujvhiutahd ad tcj Aejra`d @ti`dtak,;1


42/43

5;5 Dhtjs

@rkcavjs `dm tcj @rts h Lhvjrd`dkj2 Hd tcj Khdtjdt ad tcj Nhro,@rkcav`i [kajdkj

5 (5665)2 3


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Luamj / Dajuwj \jst-Admaskcj Lams

ever faithful by david sartorius

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