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Evaporative EmissionStandards for Boats

Presented By:John McKnightDirector of Environmental & Safety ComplianceDecember 2008

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Outline• Overview of new program• Evaporative emission types• New Standards• Program details• Small businesses• Certification• Questions

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Final Rule• On September 4, 2008, EPA Administrator Steve Johnson

signed, into law, new exhaust and evaporative emission standards for spark-ignition marine engines and vessels.

• These standards apply only to new engines and vessels sold for use in the United States.

• The standards will help reduce harmful health effects of ozone and carbon monoxide from these products.

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Final Standards: Overview• HC+NOx exhaust emission standards for

SI marine engines are similar in stringency to existing standards in California

• New CO exhaust emission standards for all SI marine engines

• New Not-to-Exceed provisions• New evaporative emission standards

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Refueling/spillage Venting emissions (diurnal, hot soak, running loss)

Permeation (fuel tank, hoses, other)

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Highway Evap Standards

Three decades of automotive evaporative emission control(full vehicle test/standards)

Nonroad equipment are just now becoming

subject to evaporative emission control

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Existing Nonroad Standards• Component based standards

– Fuel and tank permeation– Component test for diurnal control– Design-based certification

• Existing standards– Large SI equipment (2007)– Recreational vehicles (2008)– Portable gas cans (2009)

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New StandardsSI Marine• Portable tanks

– Tank permeation– Self-sealing vent

• Vessels– Hose and tank permeation– Diurnal emissions– Refueling spillage

Small SI as well– Hose and tank permeation– Running loss

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Marine Evap StandardsStandard/Category

Hose Permeation

Tank Permeation Diurnal

Standard level 15 g/m2/day 1.5 g/m2/day 0.40 g/gal/dayPortable tanks 2009a 2011 2010b

PWC 2009 2011 2010Other tanks 2009a 2012 2011c,d

a 2011 for primer bulbs. Phase-in for under cowl fuel lines, by length, on OB engines: 30% 2010, 60% 2011, 90% 2012, 100% 2015.b Design standard.c Fuel tanks installed in nontrailerable boats (> 26 ft. in length or >8.5 ft. in width) may meet a standard of 0.16 g/gal/day over an alternative test cycle.d The standard is effective July 31, 2011. For boats with installed fuel tanks, this standard is phased-in 50%/100% over the first two years. As an alternative, small manufacturers may participate in a diurnal allowance program.

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Program DetailsHose

Permeation

DiurnalRefuelingSpillage

TankPermeation

Small Business

Provisions

Certification

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Fuel Line Permeation• Fuel line

– 15 g/m2/day, 2009• Fuel CE10, 23°C

– Boat and engine hose• Phase-in for under cowl fuel line

– Primer bulbs, 2011

• Vent and fill lines– Standards do not apply unless hose will hold

standing fuel

• Fuel line manufacturers will certify

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Technical Approaches• Straight-run hose

– Low permeation hose widely available– Fluoroelastomer/fluoroplastic barriers– SAE J1527 includes specification for 15 g/m2/day hose

• Molded hose and other rubber components– Fluoroelastomer construction– Alternative primer bulb products

rubber

barrier layerreinforcement

cover

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Fuel Tank Permeation• 1.5 g/m2/day

– E10 fuel, 28°C– Preconditioning

• Fuel soak• Durability testing

• Design-based certification– Metal tanks– Automotive type multi-layer tanks

• Tank manufacturer will certify

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Technical Approaches

• Multi-layer constructions• Alternative materials• Barrier treatments• Barrier platelets• Coatings• Nanocomposites

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Diurnal Standards• Portable fuel tanks

– Self-sealing valve

• Installed tanks– Trailerable boats (<26 ft)

• 0.40 g/gal/day• 25.6-32.2°C

– Nontrailerable boats• 0.16 g/gal/day• 27.6-30.2°C

• Tank manufacturer will certify

25.0

26.0

27.0

28.0

29.0

30.0

31.0

32.0

33.0

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

H oursF

uel

Tem

p, D

egre

es C

<26 ft26 ft +

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Technical Approaches• Design-based certification

– Seal tank (up to 1.0 psi)• Can use pressure mitigation (e.g. bladder)

– Passive-purge carbon canister• Prevent fuel from entering

canister• Carbon and canister

specifications

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Examples of Carbon Canisters

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• Fuel nozzle standards– Marinas must use standard nozzles whenever they

replace existing nozzles or install new ones– Same to those already used for motor vehicle pumps

• Standardized dimensions• Automatic shut-off

• System integration– Fuel systems should be designed to allow flow to nozzle

for automatic shut-off– Will help with carbon canister installation designs and

reduce spillage

Refueling

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System Integration• Industry consensus standards

– SAE J1527 addresses hose permeation– ABYC H24 potential vehicle for specifying best practices for

fuel system designs– NMMA certification

• Canister installation standards– Industry is developing canister installation practices in context

of EPA & USCG standards– ABYC is assessing fuel/air separators and fuel system designs

for spillage control

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Potential Canister Installation

Fill neck

Vapor space(for fuel expansion)

Valve ororifice

Vent line

CanisterFuel tank

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XYZ BOAT COMPANY

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How to Download the Rule

1. Go to http://www.epa.gov/otaq/marinesi.htm

2. Under “Regulations and Guidance,” click on Final Rule.

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How to Download the Rule

3. The Final Rule will be a PDF document.

4. Go to Federal Register page 59298, which is actually page 266 in the document.

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Other Resources

jmcknight@nmma.org or 202-737-9757

Three communication programs in late January 2009– Engine Workshop– Component Manufacturer Workshop– Web based workshop for boat builders