evaluation of the nhtsa thor finite … of the nhtsa thor finite element model. matthew b. panzer ,...

EVALUATION OF THE NHTSA THOR FINITE ELEMENT MODELMatthew B. Panzer, Sebastian Guidice, Jeff R. CrandallUniversity of Virginia, Center for Applied Biomechanics

Center for Applied Biomechanics

SAE INTERNATIONAL

NHTSA THOR finite element model overview

Paper # (if applicable) 2

Safety design

Parametric analysis

Crash reconstruction

Restraint optimization

Crashworthinessevaluation

Academic researchers

Restraint manufacturers

Vehicle manufacturers

Government researchers

Computational methods are cheaper and faster than full testing

No licensing costs, available to everyone

Application

Advantages

User Groups

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THOR FE model development has paralleled the dummy developmentMultiple groups working/developing the model over the year

UVA oversight of the latest revision of the modelImplementation of the latest design alterationsSimplification and streamlining the modelImprovement of model stability



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Current model featuresMod-Kit/Metric design buildSD3 shoulder and armFull instrumentationInteractive occupant positioning treeCertification suiteModular design with controlled IDs• Head• Neck • Thorax• Arm• Pelvis• Leg• Shoe

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Instrumentation outputsLocations and orientations consistent with physical dummy4 accelerometers

• Output in NODOUT files (local)21 load cells

• Output in ELOUT files (local)5 potentiometers

• Output in NODOUT files (local)6 IR-TRACCs

• Output in NODOUT files (local)• IR-TRACC output already in transformed state

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Evaluation procedures

Current THOR Certification tests

Gold Standard 1 frontal sled test



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Head impact evaluation


Simulation parameters:• Impactor mass: 23.4 kg• Impactor velocity: 2.0 m/s

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

x 10-3

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Time (s)

X-F

orce

(N) C

FC60

0

THOR Head Impact Evaluation (Probe Force)

DO9799THOR FE

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Face impact (bar) evaluation


Simulation parameters:• Impactor mass: 32 kg• Impactor velocity: 3.6 m/s

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.020

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000THOR Face-Bar Evaluation (Probe Force)

Time (s)

X-F

orce

(N) C

FC18

0

DO9799THOR FE

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Face impact (disc) evaluation



0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Time (s)

X-F

orce

(N) C

FC18

0

THOR Face-Disk Evaluation (Probe Force)

DO9799THOR FE

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Dynamic neck flexion (pendulum) evaluation


Simulation parameters:• Dynamic pendulum test• Test velocity: 3.8 m/s

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

Time (s)

Forc

e (N

) CFC

1000

Neck Rear Cable Force During Flexion

DO9799 Fz

THOR FE Fy

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Time (s)

Rot

atio

nal D

ispl

acem

ent (

deg)

CFC

180

OC Joint Rotational Displacement During Flexion

DO9799 θy

THOR FE θy

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

Time (s)

Forc

e (N

) CFC

60

Upper Neck Load Cell Force During Flexion

DO9799 Fz

THOR FE Faxial

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Time (S)

Mom

ent (

N-m

) CFC

60

Upper Neck Load Cell S-Moment During Flexion

DO9799 My

THOR FE Ms

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Dynamic neck extension (pendulum) evaluation



0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

Time (s)

Forc

e (N

) CFC

1000

Front Cable Force During Extension

DO9799 Fz

THOR FE Fy

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Time (s)

Rot

atio

nal D

ispl

acem

ent (

deg)

CFC

180

OC Joint Rotational Displacement During Extension

DO9799 θy

THOR FE θy

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

Time (s)

Forc

e (N

) CFC

60

Upper Neck Load Cell Force During Extension

DO9799 Fz

THOR FE Faxial

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Time (S)

Mom

ent (

N-m

) CFC

60

Upper Neck Load Cell S-Moment During Extension

DO9799 My

THOR FE Ms

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Dynamic neck lateral bending (pendulum) evaluation



0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Time (s)

Forc

e (N

) CFC

60

Upper Neck Load Cell Force During Lateral Flexion

DO9799 Fz

THOR FE Faxial

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Time (S)

Mom

ent (

N-m

) CFC

60

Upper Neck Load Cell T-Moment During Lateral Flexion

DO9799 Mx

THOR FE Mt

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Chest impact (upper) evaluation


Simulation parameters:• Impactor mass: 23.4• Impactor velocity: 4.3 m/s

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.080

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Time (s)

X-F

orce

(N) C

FC18

0

THOR Upper Thorax Evaluation (Probe Force)

DO9799THOR FE

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Chest impact (upper) stability assessment


Simulation parameters:• Impactor mass: 23.4• Impactor velocity: 6.7 m/s

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Chest impact (lower oblique) evaluation



0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.070

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Time (s)

X-F

orce

(N) C

FC18

0

THOR Lower Left Oblique Thorax Evaluation (Probe Force)

DO9799THOR FE

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Abdomen impact (lower) evaluation



0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.070

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

THOR Lower Abdomen Evaluation (Probe Force)

Time (s)

X-F

orce

(N) C

FC18

0

DO9799THOR FE

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Abdomen impact (upper) evaluation



0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.070

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Time (s)

X-F

orce

(N) C

FC18

0

THOR Upper Abdomen Evaluation (Probe Force)

DO9799THOR FE

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Femur impact evaluation



0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Time (s)

X-F

orce

(N) C

FC60

0

THOR Left Femur Evaluation (Probe Force)

DO9799THOR FE

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Gold Standard 1 Evaluation


0 50 100 150 200 250-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n (G

's)

Sled Acceleration

S0157THOR FE

Simulation parameters:• Subject restrained by a standard three-point shoulder/lap belt• Lower extremity restrained by knee bolster and foot rest• THOR Metric dummy with SD3 shoulder test S0157 performed at the UVA (05/2013)

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0 50 100 150 200 250

0

200

400

Right Lap Belt Force

For

ce (

N)

Time (ms)

0 50 100 150 200 2500

2000

4000

6000

Lower Shoulder Belt Force

For

ce (

N)

Time (ms)

0 50 100 150 200 2500

2000400060008000

Upper Shoulder Belt Force

For

ce (

N)

Time (ms)

S0157Model

Belt force

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Full body kinematic traces

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0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

40

60

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n C

FC10

00 (G

's) Head CG X-Acceleration

0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

40

60

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n C

FC10

00 (G

's) Head CG Y-Acceleration

0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

40

60

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n (G

's) C

FC10

00

Head CG Z-Acceleration

Head CGS0157Model

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0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n C

FC18

0 (G

's) T1 X-Acceleration

0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n C

FC18

0 (G

's) T1 Y-Acceleration

0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n C

FC18

0 (G

's) T1 Z-Acceleration

T1S0157Model

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0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n C

FC18

0 (G

's)

Pelvis X-Acceleration

0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n C

FC18

0 (G

's)

Pelvis Y-Acceleration

0 50 100 150 200 250-40

-20

0

20

Time (ms)

Acc

eler

atio

n C

FC18

0 (G

's)

Pelvis Z-Acceleration

PelvisS0157Model

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0 50 100 150 200 250-6000

-5000

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

Time (ms)

Forc

e C

FC60

0 (N

)

Right Femur Axial Force

0 50 100 150 200 250-6000

-5000

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

Time (ms)

Forc

e C

FC60

0 (N

)

Left Femur Axial Force

FemurS0157Model

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Summary of current model


Model stabilityTop priority focusNo issues in all “certification” and Gold Standard 1 simulationsStability in vehicle crash simulation needs assessment

Model fidelitySecondary priority focusResponse is generally good (average CORA score 0.75)Neck extension needs most improvement (average CORA is 0.57)Some materials are stiffer for stability; materials not tunedGold Standard 1 belt model may be too restricting

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Summary of current model


Current version of THOR FE model (v2.1) will be hosted on NHTSA website for public download, and will include:User manualCertification suite model filesGold Standard 1 model files

Target release date: Jan 30, 2015

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Acknowledgements


NHTSADTNH22-09-H-00247

Chalmers University of Technology (SD3 Shoulder) Johan DavidssonKristian Holmqvist

Virginia Tech (Head & Neck)Costin UntariouJacob Putnam

Livermore Software Technology CorpChristoph MaurathDilip Bhalsod

And many of the THOR FE model users who provided feedback!

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Questions?

Thank you…

[email protected] Center for Applied Biomechanics

evaluation of the nhtsa thor finite … of the nhtsa thor finite element model. matthew b. panzer ,...

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