evaluation of the cdti cs 247b / ms&e 430 (pamela hinds) nasa ames (richard mogford) honor...
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Evaluation of the CDTI CS 247B / MS&E 430 (Pamela Hinds)
NASA Ames (Richard Mogford)
Honor Gunday
Joe Sacco
Luke SwartzStanford University
www.stanford.edu/~lswartz/cs247b
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CDTI
• Now: can’t see other planes
• Cockpit Display of Traffic Information– situation awareness of other planes’
• locations
• altitudes
• intentions
– route changes
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Free Flight
• Now: all adjustments need approval, handoffs from one controller to another (see handout)
• Free flight: during en route, let pilots make their own course changes
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Methodology and Process
• Interviews– 5 pilots, 4 controllers– Pilots: not in workspace…
• Observations– Prototype testing– Oakland TRACON
• Design Meetings and Focus Groups
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Pilots’ Work (now)
• Drawings: PFD and Nav DisplayDrawings: PFD and Nav Display
• Flight Management System (FMS)Flight Management System (FMS)
• En routeEn route– generally quietgenerally quiet– route change requests usually grantedroute change requests usually granted
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Controllers’ Work (now)
• Environment– laid back, fun– love their job– pride
• “Having a deal”
• Unexpected events
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Pilots’ Work (free flight)
• Over-water versus over-land
• Worried about– time– distractions– attention– safety
• General Aviation pilot: didn’t want self-separation responsibility either
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Controllers’ Work (free flight)
• Want clear responsibilities– “all or nothing”
• Concern over efficiency– will this actually help?– free flight might actually make things worse!
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Interface Observations
• Not the subject of our course, but…– CDTI display itself: liked, seemed easy to use
(based on ND)– Bar on bottom of CDTI: perceived as “hard to
use”• Feedback on sending flight plans?
• Toggle switches (e.g. pulse)?
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Process Recommendations
• Subjects– “lab rats become very well trained”
• Simulation– currently distracting, problems of validity?
• Mindset– “demonstration, not an experiment”
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Design Principles for Pilots
• Fit into physical workspace
• Shouldn’t increase workload substantially, or require constant attention
• Present pertinent info
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Design Principles for Controllers
• High attention, short time(active vs. passiveness)
• Present visually
• “Handoff-able”; deal with unexpected situations, error
• Clear roles and responsibilities (distributed, not shared)
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How does the CDTI do?
CDTI Free flight
Fit into physical workspace
Shouldn’t require constant attention Present pertinent info
High, short-term active attention Visual display of information Handoff-able, can deal with unplanned/extraordinary events
Clear responsiblities
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High-Level Recommendations
• What is the motivation behind CDTI and free flight?– Pilot skepticism: “how busy are they?”– Controller skepticism: “this will make it
slower!”– FAA, controllers, NASA, pilots…and airlines
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High-Level Recommendation
• CDTI can be (best?) used without free flight– Further ensure safety– Reduce workload on controllers without
changing roles– Get rid of FMS
• Only free flight over water?
• Presentation to pilots
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Questions?
www.stanford.edu/~lswartz/cs247b