evaluation of products for the suppression of citrus...
TRANSCRIPT
Evaluation of products for the suppression of citrus canker on Valencia and Grapefruit
Purpose:
Test products
Purpose:
Not timing trials
Approach
Reduce or substitute copper compounds in an integrated
management program Why: lots of issues with copper
use
product selection criteria basically any product that claims
activity -IR-4 program
-Other Researchers -My non-citrus trials - Grower interest
- Agrichemical companies (I am not presenting greenhouse trials that I am also
running)
Field testing
Ideal experimental design •Randomonized block •Small plot •Uniform plant stand •Uniform inoculum source •Standardized treatment application
2011 Canker Field Plots
R6 R8 R10 R12 R14 R16
Skip 4 Skip 11 Skip 4 Skip 12 Skip 34 Skip 21 1 Black + White Checker
15 11 8 10 15 14 2 Orange
13 Skip 3 4 Skip 2 3 9 3 Red
14 7 6 3 10 Skip 2 4 Blue
6 3 2 Skip 1 7 13 5 Black + White Stripe
1 14 Skip 4 8 11 12 6 Yellow
4 10 12 4 14 1 7 Black + Blue Stripe
12 7 15 Skip 1 13 6 8 Lime Green
2 8 9 5 9 4 9 White
5 11 1 2 5 10 Pink
3 9 5 12 Skip 3 11 White + Blue Dot
13 6 2 12 Black + Red Stripe
10 15
Dead
Tree 13 Black + Yellow Stripe
Skip 2 7
8 14 Green
Citrus canker on grapefruit, April 20, 2011 caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
Tree
Plot
Tree Tree Tree
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Tree Tree Tree
Citrus Canker Disease Progress 2010
Disease progress 2009
Hits
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Hits May Hits June Hits Aug Hits Sep
Control
Admire
Adm/Koc
Oil
Oil/Koc
Act/Koc/K
Kpht/Koc
Maury
Omg/Koc
KeyPlex
Byotrol
Sere/Koc
Cit/Koc
Koc 3000
Insect
AUDPC
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3-D Column 1
Citrus Canker, October 2009
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Fruit
23 October 08 Treatment Product
1 Untreated control
2 Admire alone Did on 5th treatment last year
3 Admire Did on 5th treatment last year Kocide 3000
4 oil 435
5 oil 435 Kocide 3000
6 Actigard Kocide 3000
7 K-Phite
Kocide 3000
8 Maury boyd trtr
9 Omega-Plus Kocide 3000
10 Key Plex
11 Byotrol
12 Serenade
Kocide 3000@1lb/A
13 CITREX
alt Kocide 30000
14 Kocide 3000
15 Zoro
15 Spintor
15 Micromite
15 oil 435
Admire went out on second treatment 4/24/08
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Fruit
Summary of Hits 2007
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Hits Nov
Trt Product
1 Untreated control
2 Admire alone
3 Admire + Kocide 3000
4 Citrus oil 435
5 Citrus oil 435 + Kocide 3000
6 Actigard + Kocide 3000 plus 3 apps of
Kasumin
7 K-Phite alt. Kocide 3000 @2.5 lb/A
8 Magna Bon
9 Omega-Plus Alternated Kocide 3000
10 Key Plex
11 Agriphage plus dried skim milk
12 Serenade plus
Kocide 3000@ 2.5 lb/A
13 CITREX
alt Kocide 30000 @ 2.5 lb/A
14 Kocide 3000 @2.5 lb/A
a
b b
e e e e e e
cd
de cd
bcd cd
Conclusions
• Copper
• Oldest pesticide (Bordeaux mixture) • Copper fungicides can be described as insoluble compounds,
yet their action as fungicides and bactericides is due to the release of small quantities of copper (Cu++) ions when in contact with water. Bordeaux mixes are preparations of copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime), working in much the same way as the newer copper fungicides, which are effective at lower rates of application.
http://web.pppmb.cals.cornell.edu/resourceguide/mfs/06copper.php
Copper
• Mode of action • The copper ions are passively absorbed by fungi and
bacteria cells during growth and accumulate until their concentration becomes lethal for cells.
• How it works: • Following absorption into the fungus or bacterium, the copper
ions will link to various chemical groups (imidazoles, phosphates, sulfhydryls, hydroxyls) present in many proteins and disrupt the function of these proteins. Thus, the mode-of-action of copper hydroxide (or any other copper fungicide) is the nonspecific denaturation (disruption) of cellular proteins.
• For best results copper must be reapplied as plants grow to maintain coverage and prevent disease establishment.
• http://web.pppmb.cals.cornell.edu/resourceguide/mfs/06copper.php
After more than 200 years all we have is copper?
Depends upon what you want..
Rate/A 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 grapefruit
1 Untreated x x x x x 42 ab 5.5 bc 2759 ab 1735 bc 42 ab
2 Kocide 3000 2.5 lb x (2.68 lb) x x x x 49.5 ab 0.7 e 1427 b 562 d 17 c
3 Admire 32 fl oz 32 fl oz 32 fl/oz x (5.5 ml/tree) 0 19.8 b 0.8 e 1938 ab
4 Admire x x x 0 8.8 b 0.5 e 1590 b
and Kocide 2.5 lb/A
5 Kphite 6 pt/A x 0 0 0 17.3 b
6 Kphite 6 pt/A 0 x x x 5.1 c 1397 b 614 cd
and Kocide 1.75 lb/A x 2.5 1.75 lb/A
7 Serenade max 1 lb/A 2 lb 1 lb x x 27 ab 1.6 de 1538 b 574 d
and kocide 1.75 lb/A 2.5
and biotune 2007
8 Keyplex x x 8.1 b 2195 ab
9 Actigard 0 x x 0 5.1 c 1454 b
and Kocide
sub Kasumin
10 Actigard x 0 0 0 26 ab
and Kocide
11 Maury Boyd * 0 0 x x x (mix) 3217 a 3391 a 34 ab
12 Agriphage + skim milk x x 0 0 11.3 b 3.7 cd
13 Zoro combo 0 0 x 0
14 Citrex 0 x x 0 0.8 e 1517 b
alt kocide
15 Omega 5% 0 x x 0 0.4 e 1550 b
alt kocide 2.5 lb
16 Actinovate 6 0z/A x x 606 d 16.2 c
plus kocide 1.25
17 citrus oil 435 0 x x 0 18.3 a 3228 a
18 citrus oil 435 0.2 e 2551 ab
and Kocide 0 x x 0
19 Regalia 0.50% x 1073 bcd
Kocide 3000 1.65
Kinetic 8 oz/100 gal
20 Regalia 1.00% x 878 bcd
Kocide 3000 1.65
Kinetic 8 oz/100 gal
21 sonota 2 qt/A x 947 bcd 912.4
Kocide 3000 1.75 lb/A
22 sonota 2 qt/A x 607 d
Kocide 3000 1.75 lb/A
Serenade max 1 lb/A
x= treatment
o= no treatment
23 Citruex plus/alt kocide 3000 2007 2008 0.8 e 1517 b
24 byotrol 2008 3140 a
25 zoro 2008 2459 ab
spintor
micromite
citrus oil
26 magnabon 2.5 gal 2007 3.7 cd
27 Agrimek plus citrus oil
28 Arigmek plus citrus oil plus kocide
29 phosphite
30 phyton 2006 25.5 a
31 Actinovate plus omega plujs 2006 53 ab
32 kasumin 2006 46.3 ab
6 Qxidate 1/200 v/v (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Kocide 3000 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
1 % 435 oil (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
7 Qxidate 1/400 v/v (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Kocide 3000 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Serenade Max 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
1 % 435 oil (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
8 Salicylic Acid 1pt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Phosmax SF 51 2 qt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Rate/A 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 grapefruit
1 Untreated x x x x x 42 ab 5.5 bc 2759 ab 1735 bc 42 ab
2 Kocide 3000 2.5 lb x (2.68 lb) x x x x 49.5 ab 0.7 e 1427 b 562 d 17 c
3 Admire 32 fl oz 32 fl oz 32 fl/oz x (5.5 ml/tree) 0 19.8 b 0.8 e 1938 ab
4 Admire x x x 0 8.8 b 0.5 e 1590 b
and Kocide 2.5 lb/A
5 Kphite 6 pt/A x 0 0 0 17.3 b
6 Kphite 6 pt/A 0 x x x 5.1 c 1397 b 614 cd
and Kocide 1.75 lb/A x 2.5 1.75 lb/A
7 Serenade max 1 lb/A 2 lb 1 lb x x 27 ab 1.6 de 1538 b 574 d
and kocide 1.75 lb/A 2.5
and biotune 2007
8 Keyplex x x 8.1 b 2195 ab
9 Actigard 0 x x 0 5.1 c 1454 b
and Kocide
sub Kasumin
10 Actigard x 0 0 0 26 ab
and Kocide
11 Maury Boyd * 0 0 x x x (mix) 3217 a 3391 a 34 ab
12 Agriphage + skim milk x x 0 0 11.3 b 3.7 cd
13 Zoro combo 0 0 x 0
14 Citrex 0 x x 0 0.8 e 1517 b
alt kocide
15 Omega 5% 0 x x 0 0.4 e 1550 b
alt kocide 2.5 lb
16 Actinovate 6 0z/A x x 606 d 16.2 c
plus kocide 1.25
17 citrus oil 435 0 x x 0 18.3 a 3228 a
18 citrus oil 435 0.2 e 2551 ab
and Kocide 0 x x 0
19 Regalia 0.50% x 1073 bcd
Kocide 3000 1.65
Kinetic 8 oz/100 gal
20 Regalia 1.00% x 878 bcd
Kocide 3000 1.65
Kinetic 8 oz/100 gal
21 sonota 2 qt/A x 947 bcd 912.4
Kocide 3000 1.75 lb/A
22 sonota 2 qt/A x 607 d
Kocide 3000 1.75 lb/A
Serenade max 1 lb/A
x= treatment
o= no treatment
23 Citruex plus/alt kocide 3000 2007 2008 0.8 e 1517 b
24 byotrol 2008 3140 a
25 zoro 2008 2459 ab
spintor
micromite
citrus oil
26 magnabon 2.5 gal 2007 3.7 cd
27 Agrimek plus citrus oil
28 Arigmek plus citrus oil plus kocide
29 phosphite
30 phyton 2006 25.5 a
31 Actinovate plus omega plujs 2006 53 ab
32 kasumin 2006 46.3 ab
6 Qxidate 1/200 v/v (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Kocide 3000 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
1 % 435 oil (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
7 Qxidate 1/400 v/v (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Kocide 3000 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Serenade Max 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
1 % 435 oil (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
8 Salicylic Acid 1pt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Phosmax SF 51 2 qt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Rate/A 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1 Untreated x x x x x
2 Kocide 3000 2.5 lb x (2.68 lb) x x x x
3 Admire 32 fl oz 32 fl oz 32 fl/ozx (5.5 ml/tree) 0
4 Admire x x x 0
and Kocide 2.5 lb/A
5 Kphite 6 pt/A x 0 0 0
6 Kphite 6 pt/A 0 x x x
and Kocide 1.75 lb/A x 2.5 1.75 lb/A
7 Serenade max 1 lb/A 2 lb 1 lb x x
and kocide 1.75 lb/A 2.5
and biotune 2007
8 Keyplex x x
9 Actigard 0 x x 0
and Kocide
sub Kasumin
10 Actigard x 0 0 0
and Kocide
11 Maury Boyd * 0 0 x x x (mix)
12 Agriphage + skim milk x x 0 0
13 Zoro combo 0 0 x 0
14 Citrex 0 x x 0
alt kocide
15 Omega 5% 0 x x 0
alt kocide 2.5 lb
16 Actinovate 6 0z/A x x
plus kocide 1.25
17 citrus oil 435 0 x x 0
18 citrus oil 435
and Kocide 0 x x 0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 grapefruit
42 ab 5.5 bc 2759 ab 1735 bc 42 ab
49.5 ab 0.7 e 1427 b 562 d 17 c
19.8 b 0.8 e 1938 ab
8.8 b 0.5 e 1590 b
17.3 b
5.1 c 1397 b 614 cd
27 ab 1.6 de 1538 b 574 d
8.1 b 2195 ab
5.1 c 1454 b
26 ab
3217 a 3391 a 34 ab
11.3 b 3.7 cd
0.8 e 1517 b
0.4 e 1550 b
606 d 16.2 c
18.3 a 3228 a
0.2 e 2551 ab
1073 bcd
878 bcd
947 bcd 912.4
23 Citruex plus/alt kocide 3000 2007 2008
24 byotrol 2008
25 zoro 2008
spintor
micromite
citrus oil
26 magnabon 2.5 gal 2007
27 Agrimek plus citrus oil
28 Arigmek plus citrus oil plus kocide
29 phosphite
30 phyton 2006
31 Actinovate plus omega plujs 2006
32 kasumin 2006
6Qxidate 1/200 v/v
(1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Kocide 3000 1 lb/A
(1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
1 % 435 oil (1,2,3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
7 Qxidate 1/400 v/v
(1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Kocide 3000 1 lb/A
(1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Serenade Max 1
lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9)
1 % 435 oil (1,2,3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
8
Salicylic Acid
1pt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9)
Phosmax SF 51 2
qt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9)
Results of repeated field trials
b
Results of repeated field trials
IFAS Recommendation Dewdney and Graham, 2011 0.5 to 1.0 metallic copper in spring and more than 1 lb metallic copper in the rainy season at 3-week intervals
Kocide 3000 copper hydroxide • Recommended rate 1.0-2.5 lb at 14- to 21-
day intervals • Metallic copper equivalent is 30% • 1 lb = 0.3 lb copper equivalent • 1.75 lb = 0.525 lb copper equivalent • 2.5 lb = 0.75 lb copper equivalent • Why Kocide 3000? It was just arriving on
the market and DuPont donated it. And I had worked with on vegetables and had expectations of its performance
Actigard Kasumin Keyplex
Oil and Copper Citrex
Admire Serenade
Actinovate Kphite
Regalia Agriphage
In my trial, some of these products could be alternated or combined with 0.5 lb metallic copper or less and still achieve the
same level of control statistically
http://swfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/plant_path/publications/
Systemic Acquired Resistance
In my non-citrus trials, with probably 50+ replications now, I
know that if I have Actigard in the program, that program will be the
best in terms of less disease severity
Your left Your right
• Data on products claiming to have efficacy on citrus canker
• Canker control is not a stand alone program – CBS, melanose, greasy spot, HLB
• Lots of reasons to use/not use copper • Valencia vs Grapefruit
Valencia vs Grapefruit
• Completely different as we know • Canker on Valenica ‘takes off’ during rainy
season • First fruit lesions in my trials observed in
June • Grapefruit already has canker on fruit • Follow IFAS recommendations regarding
timing
Next
• Taking products with promise and starting to integrate into timing programs
• Low volume and early season applications • More product testing • More varieties
Many thanks to
Pathology lab members
David Ballesteros Chad Grannis Rod Sytsma
Dr. Ryan Donahoo Jake Collins
Many thanks to Entomology lab members
Robert Reifer Barry Kostyk
Dr. Jawwad Qureshi Phil Stansly
Grower cooperator
Companies that partially supported these studies with
product or grant
http://swfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/plant_path/publications/