evaluation of a commercial fluorometer probe for rapid ...oklahoma conservation commission us...
TRANSCRIPT
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Evaluation of a commercial fluorometer probe for rapid assessment of water
quality trends using benthic chlorophyll Brad Rogers, PhD student, Environmental Science
Dan Storm, Professor, Biosystems Engineering
Derek West, Undergraduate Student, Biosystems Engineering
Andy Dzialowski, Associate Professor, Zoology
Bill Henley, Professor, Botany
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma
Support Provided by:
Oklahoma Conservation Commission
US Environmental Protection Agency, Region VI
OSU Environmental Sciences Graduate Program
OSU Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering
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Background • Environmental monitoring
• EMAP (environmental monitoring and assessment program)
• EPA wanted more comprehensive monitoring
• Statistical comparisons
• Long term trends
• Prediction
• Data storage
• Nonpoint source management program (Sec 319)
• Water quality • Stream habitat • Aquatic communities
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Biologic Monitoring
• Assess ecologic conditions • Stream Habitat and aquatic communities
• Includes adjacent land use/land cover
Tar Creek (Miami OK)
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Assess Ecologic Condition
• Aquatic communities • Fish
• Macroinvertbrates
• Periphyton
Glover River (near Broken Bow)
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Periphyton Sampling Traditional Method
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• Commercial Fluorometer • In situ and in vivo
• Provides results in 20 seconds
• Stores files for later upload
• Measure total biomass (by chlorophyll fluorescence)
• Internal proprietary algorithm for relative abundance for three periphyton divisions
• Used in monitoring and research across the world
• Only one published comparison with traditional method
Periphyton Sampling BenthoTorch®
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BenthoTorch® Based on Principal of Fluorescence
• LED wave lengths (nm): 470, 525, 610, 700
• Light directed at algae in pulses (PAM)
• Chlorophyll emits light at longer wavelength (Stokes Shift)
• 700 nm used to compensate for background reflection
BenthoTorch®® Algal Class Fingerprint
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Objective • Assess the Accuracy of
the Benthotorch® in Estimating Total Benthic Algal Biomass Across Major Stream Types and Conditions Throughout Oklahoma
Sampling Sites by Ecoregion
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Results: Field 2014
• BenthoTorch®: no significant relationship with Taxonomist
• Using light adjustment & continuous measurements correlated better with laboratory results
• Variance within BenthoTorch® readings increased with increasing chlorophyll a
• Improved accuracy with non-filamentous
9080706050403020100
40
30
20
10
0
LAB Chlorophyll (ug/cm^2)
Be
nth
oto
rch
5 m
in. av
g. (u
g/c
m^
2
Y = 0.24x
R2 = 0.39
9080706050403020100
40
30
20
10
0
LAB Chlorophyll (ug/cm^2)
Be
nth
oto
rch
Sin
gle
(u
g/c
m^
2)
y = 0.17x
R2 =0.42
R2 = 0.39
y = 0.24x R2 = 0.42
y = 0.24x
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Conclusions: Field 2014
•BenthoTorch® may not provide useful information
• BenthoTorch® data not directly comparable to traditional methods
• Hypothesized reasons for variance in methods • Irregular substrates • 3-D structure of periphyton • Spatial variability of periphyton • Environmental conditions
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Laboratory Methods Concrete Culvert
Sample Collection 10 gallon Aquariums Ceramic Tile
BenthoTorch Reading on Tile
Black Calibration Plate
Spectrophotometer
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Results: Laboratory 2015-2016 BenthoTorch® Comparison with Lab Extracted Chlorophyll
• Significant (α=0.05) and reasonable regression equations
• Mean BenthoTorch® vs lab chlorophyll a not significantly different (paired t-test, α=0.05)
In Situ Tile Black Calibration Plate
3.02.52.01.51.00.50.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Lab chlorophyll (µg/cm²)
Ben
tho
To
rch
BP
ad
juste
d
(µg
/cm
²)
3.02.52.01.51.00.50.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Lab chlorophyll (µg/cm²)
Ben
tho
To
rch
on
Tile (
µg
/cm
²) R2 = 0.64
y = 0.86x
R2 = 0.77
y = 0.87x
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Conclusions 1. BenthoTorch® In Situ Laboratory Tiles
• Compares favorably in controlled environment with low chlorophyll a concentrations
2. Modified Black Calibration Plate method looks promising for field conditions
• Needs additional testing at sites with higher periphyton density
3. BenthoTorch® likely a good tool to detect trends in periphyton density
• Based on lab results, minimum 2 readings for each spot sampled
• Stream reach characterization methods must be developed
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Questions?